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    © All Rights Reserved
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    80 views151 pages

    Αναπηρία Και Πολιτική M Oliver

    Uploaded by

    Themis Kapa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    MICHAEL OLIVER Avannpta xar Tlohavixy Tipbhoyoc-Enypshere Tidte Kepoyréven ® crixevtpo "ipsey éxBoon, exBidoeis EITIKENTPO AE. # caoaiovten, 2009 Anoop voqponeoy i eveapaye wo pes Epon ene ovals 20H st wou pe onsnsfooe spo, nai wa perseyann Samer 4 expae feo pe nero pan avexagayay eon ions, ogre Pe ene ieee 08 ont atx tpn mp er TOOT. Enns anaqopeteqsvonapaer ee enacdeoin, bans, illo ret yerasepa ts gs eben sapeeqesoe Ao, orate ponds oneeobfooe les peo ovpqoa ive opp 5 on 2121198. ‘Tirhos Fipwrowsinow: Michael Oliver, The Poitic of Disablement Palgrave Macmillan © Michael Oliver, 1990 © yto any ethqvun ydooa: exBdoexs ETIKENTFO, 2009) Mexdigpaom: Odie. MnexepiSov ‘Texvansempéheve: Aijenyrpa Aonpexonoshov BehiSorosqan: Xprforos Tkowvnwvexos AudpBwon: EXévy Korougos Extidoug EITIKENTPO AE. Abtva: Kudigas 5 «TK 10078, riphs 210 3811077 Fax: 210 381 1086 eooatovixy: Kapifooviow 9 - TK 54621 smh: 2510 256146 © Fax: 9910 256148 wwwepikenttogr e-mail: epikentro@epikentro.ge ISBN: 978.960-458-288.9 TIEPIEXOMENA Exoaryeyit oxy ehdsprer &xBo0r Ewaywyi Kepélew 1 Optopot yi my avermnpsa: Kévovtas oArtunt] pe tag Evvoues Kepéheno 2 H nokmoprxt} napayoyy{ ys BhéBns kat mys avarinptas Kepéeno 3 Avarmpia ken dvobos tov Kamttahopos Kepéhowo 4 H iSeoloymr] xetaoxeur, us avarmnpiag Kepéheno 5 H S6pqon tys avanmprnris tavideytas Kepélawo 6 H xowovui} Karcoxevy{ tov mpoBAripertos ys avemnptas Kepélevo 7 H nokia tyg evannptas: Ynapxrés Boverrsentes Kegpélato 8 H molecu tg aveennpias - New kowowxd Kivijpata 27 37 59 83 U5 7 209 339 Enéhoyos: Ot xaxpot addéovy Biphoypapia Experripro Ovopdraoy Axpovipaa Ewvtopoypayies 273 275 293 297 301 EYXAPIZTIEL ‘Oa avté ta xpévie TOAAof avammpor Exovv ovvercpéper omy Siapsppoay mys oKépNs pou ya THY avannpic, pé- oa and 10 Keipevé TOUS, HEOc ATG Ig oVsPuHoEIG ToUg pati pov Kar xénores popes joa and Oeppes Sraqoovies Gc Hfrav dotoxo and pépovg Pov ver aropovdoe KeénOL- ov ané avtodg Kau va tov ovopdaw e535, yrat etpar ev- Wopev ae Sovs, “Ops, ondpyovv xénore ovyxexpipéve Groza nov Ga fGela va evxapionijow ya 11 ovveropope tows. To ovve- Belgps pov Gerry Zarb yra to ovveyés evBrapépov tov yi} Sovheré aver Kau ovykeKpipéva yie TH OvvEIo@OpE TOV OO KegdAavo 8, 10 onoto etvan o€ OAS peydAo PaO ps, juct xor- wif mpoondGewa. Tay Amanda Hoad katt Myra Telfer nov pov enétpeyav ve emxowovijow ug iée¢ pou pat tovs, ovyVé pe to KdoTOS Var BY MPOXOPE 1 Sixt] vous ovderc. EneiSr Pov éwoav Kat ovéyn Kat evOGppvvon exper evyvépev ovov Lou Opit xx ovovs avvadéhpous tov John Butler, Mike Calnan, Jan Pahl xan Peter Allen. Sxoy Vic George kat tov Dave Reason, nov eniong pou enérpeyav Ya poIpoots nig 18Ees pov patl rovs. Tipayperixé exo thy afo8non Gui aves to PrBNio Sev Ga eixe ohoxinpaber xopis ty Borer ts Linda, mms Jill, tov Maurice kan tov George. Michael Oliver H Emttpomy] Manpower Services Commission, nov tépa Exet crovijoet, Hou xopriynoe éva mpSypappa eneSepyaor Gg Keypevou, nou He Stevxdhove Karé OAS oto ypdypyo. ‘Opos, napdo nov orxers6nKa pe tig véec texvohoyieg, Yo TENKG Ke{pevO pmke oe taEN anné mV Cathy Lewington he tov ouvs{On axpipy xen anoteheopanKs ts tpdn0. TehKd, efter evyvdpov oro ZopBotho Orxovopusv kat Kowovixay Epevvisv (Economic and Social Research Council), 6xt eneiSy, amd pe tipnoay pe ma npoowntxi xopnyie épevvas, étor Gore ve épBer erg mépas avts 10 ox E510 epyaoiag, alhé enerSif axprBds eSpacay pe rét01- ©Y TOMO, KatopOdvovras va Bfoowv vo Sepa TIS ave mnpias otépea omy axodnpoixrl axtévca. Michael Oliver EIZATOrH ZTHN EAAHNIKH EKAOTH M. Oliver: Avanypia xan Lnovdés nept Avanypiac ékS00n Tou ovyKeKprpévou PiB\fou ora edAnviKd H Yew oye6 a oy pe ey enero on tov pitov frBMov tov Mike Oliver, Understanding Disability: from theory to practice, 2nd edition, 2009, Zenséufnoc Macmillan Palgrave. Qa. proposoe howdy Kért010g va. avapoundet ya THY Empovi} pag omy ék600n, vto8 tov madarstepon PrB\iov. O Aéyos efven ands. To avé xelpas PrB\io row mpotosKSdOnxe to 1990, anotedet orabps ya to xdpo tov EnovSdv nepf Avamnpiag (Disability Studies), Bivovtag pio evtehds Siapopenxr Sté- ‘otaon Kat KateBuvon Ge OXEor PE AVES NOV Ba ovoLsza- pe Be@pNUXS Kai evorooyiKd DatoIo tov Korwovrkod Moveéhou ins Avannptag (Social model of disability). Aev ef- Vat, 0g ek TObTOV KABSOV THXaLo to yeyovds AS to BLyKE- Kptpevo BrBAio Aeteospynge @s a~pspyNoN Kat @s epadurf- Michael Oliver plo Va UY Mapayoyi] MOMGy oxetUKdy KovovtoloyiKcy Kar noSayoyixGy pelerav avapoprKd pe to neB{o ts a vamnppiag xen ta Spavter unoKe(ptever autos tov neSiov. Oa pMtoposoape va woxvprotospe, Smog Kar HoMot GAAO pé- Xpt ropa, én onparodorel thy emotnpodoytxrl peratém- of an16 THY taTpLKOTION|LEVN, YoyoAoyZovod, Kat eEaropI- xevpévn oxéyn nept avemnptag oF pla oSAANYR THE aver npias as KoWorIny}s KaTaOKELY{s Kau SyELOUpytac. Onos Xapaxtypiouxé ypdwouv ot Barnes, Oliver & Barton: «To BiBA‘o napéyer pia CewprTuxi} don Tov vdtoTUKGY Kon We ohoyixdy Gepehiov néveo ora onofa ompixmxay or oby- xpoves Oeaprfoes yta ty avaampta.» (Barnes, Oliver & Barton, 2002, ced. 8). Aev nepioperar p6vo ovov optops Tos T efver avamnpla, GALE Ker oto ylatt Kat To Mg «Sy poupytfOnKer, org Paorxés nepapérpovs nov apoposy any ebfyjon tov anv yéveons Hs OKEpNS THE avIKaVd- “uUptas Kat THs eEdprjons yte tovg avérmpous, Kabds Ker orous mapayovtes ov npoodtoptovv tm HopyH KaL THY éxBaon ms avAoyuuis Spdons tov avemripav. Méxpt exetvn thy neptobo, npw Sydady 1 Sexcerta 00°80, 10 axadnpaixs evduapépov «os npos TY avermpta Kupiapyotvtay a6 cupPoriKés, BeTUKIOTIKES, crTOpLKLOTL- xég kon uertpixés eEnyrjoeis. Or xowavixot emoujpoves 15 enoyrig aoxolovpevor pe to avyKEKpyévo BE per axodov- Bosoav Myo nol ra (ie emompovIKé povonéua (Abberley, 2002 Thomas, 1999). H xardpynon avrg ms . (Piiyos, 2007, o€.7) Tia toy Oliver ta nohmopixé ovotyjpera avtavaxhovy 6oov apopé thy avannpic KoweovuKd Kan vAtKd Gvppépo- vra, ta on0fa Aetoupyowy WeokoyiKdé vUEp KénoLV opd- Sov (tertpay, yoxoldyov), ev and thy GAAn pEpié oxpspo- yrat pe évav anpoxéhumo tpéno évave Kéno1wv GMLow (cov avemipov). Exo mato avuiig ws GeSpnons, va n0- Amttopuxé ovorijpata Sev éxouv evortouyuKr] KoWovIKE BU vapn. Ta ropa Snmiovpyobv, xepovean rf ypnoyonot- oy o¥pfoka Ken Adyous ta onofa: Bev efven avBatperer rf a veEGpuyta.. Ta crop epmAgxovecn omy KoWwovuRr] aMAcyt GAAS Kan tHY totopiKi} EBEN. “Eton, pe vig ovyKexpipeves B€oe1¢ anopaxptverar té00 and tv Hapoovikt ovAAoyt- ouxi{ pow tov KeypEvov tov enuxpre ty, C.Wrigh: Mills, 600 Kat an6 tov Nuupképt xox tous emyGvoug tov, 6110S 11] Mary Douglas, emorpatesoveas us oyetixés orders tov * ABGuapa naBhepsBnxe petappoowxé o dpos Kowovta norGY Rat Sy t- Beat} kowow'a obppovea pe tov A. Piyo (2007 a2%.8). Mpaxtmd Em ‘ompovKos Lovedpion: «O Avr60 Tepdot ou onpepsvés xowvevinée miowiues xan Seopia, évteio Favernoujpto, Tyrie Tlokrnurfg Ent ‘oujuns Kot Loropfas, 80 Noeyiipiov - 1 Aerepfiptov 2007. 3B Michael Ofiver Lukes 0 onofog oréxera xprtixé anévavet oxov peBo5oho- YUKS eroptops (tov on1ofo yapaxtypifer Kat os eppRVErTIKS Sdypa), uyy eppnveta, SyAadi}, wov avopnKav Hf KOWOVIKGY (PaLvopEven pe Spovg nov apoposy eEoloKAtjpou oto cco po. Na tov Oliver, 1 ovyxpémjon Katy peoduc} avémee- &n tov Be@pruxsy ewousy epnepiéyet 10 afta yia ava- rox co pS ken xpreuet] nev om OXSoLaKe ovyKpseROH Kat ‘uy aBiaxi} pvon Tov 1otopiKdy KOWOVIKGY KL OLKOVOHI- Kev oxéoeov. Oliver avamapariBerar orig armas Kon tepeapyixés avudéoes nov ouypiovier ore «alnBewaxd KaBeouira> ‘us Svextig oxepns Kan petampvarnsic, va onrofa VopuponoL ov Sviopovs, Gnas odpa/nvetpa, kavovKéenta/avarn: pia, vonpoowvr/vontuxi avendépxeua. E6yupave pe ty dno yi] tov, oF eppRvetes HOV apoposy oY KoWavURr B¢or Tov avantipov Ket Biértovean and tay meu efte tov Bvi- opos us avOpernvns oxéypng (Levi-Strauss, 1977) efte om- piovear omy avadifrnon us oupfohuas TaEAs tov npay- pacov (Douglas, 1966) efver nepiopiouxés. O mepopiopdg avtds gyKertan oto Gti Korté tov Oliver 01 KowoviohoytKés avadsoers avtod tov effovs, avapetonGovv Tg Kowavies 05 evodpK@ON Tov vorTIKGY OVoTPETOY KaL SXL ws azIO- ‘TENEO[EL TOY KOIVOVIKGY Ker OLKOVOPLKGV OXEoeev. Emumhé- ov, eEeraouv tov avérmpo wos tov perapvorKs «GM» Kee ‘revOsvovras, He aviv tov tpSt10, UV NpOOOYE} jlas paKPLE and ig Kowovexts Srapopés, ov avayKdZovv tows ave povs va petovextowv. Ze avtrfy tov thy tomodéron oktonoret tyV KAcoUKt| pe- 14 Avarpia xan Hodsea} Aéiy tov Goffman ya to ottypa, Brepevwdvras ta oTepES tuna. yie tows avd|poUs Kat ipoomaByras verte Bet BE oa ory totopuns} ToUs eEAALEN xt @s aSpaTovs peda eng Kowovunyfg oovavaatpopys, GANG 19g KOWOVIEG TPO yea, Hravdtyta tov avernnpov, Ss Kan KaBE tavtuT A, Sev npotndpyel Aware tov atspov, dros SrevKprrowKs nos rEqyet orov mpshoyo te ekAnvurtis ExSoons tov PufAC- ‘ov tov Goffman 1 Maxpuvisey: -Bev undpye Eras pepos eauess noe mepyset ve evEyO- roi Get Kat vo exppaoret otis Kowovinés neprordoets, ahh o eaurdc Brapoppsverar Kar emxupaversn o¢ ovveriKes BRIT aig eppnvetac, {..] 0 eavtds efvar wépos pias wBeohovias wns oGnpepwris Goris, apxerumxds pOBs ts veorep users (Maxpovusen, 2001 oe). 21) Ku eve 0 Oliver averyveopier 11 ovp Bohs} row Goffman «og onparrtxs] ory vestepy Kowoviohoyia, 6xt Hove péoe an6 un pehéen nov tov éxave yvioars, 10 Eriypa, GANG Ket O- 6 tn pehé 100, Aouka-Sonipea pa ry owe, xavcosaon, raw aobevdsy 100 yuparpeiov or dAlav ypophiav, exert] xp Bois epinhéxen Cerperta prxpoorvoviohoylas Kar KOWvOVt: xa Soyufs, Eveéher Gewpet de ouqy nopesat o ouyperttop6s deoprAnxe Mpoo@rct vAdBEON TOV aLSPOD Kat O arIONTY- pamopds Kvptapxn On Kéowo opyavisdeov Ya TONS o véanpovs, adLordvovtas THY KoIovLRH] Sréoca9N HOY Toe é61e apyiKé o Goffman. one pe exxdg and tig Betoprtunés roo eovezqfoess Ov mepvapRver pappropieg Ket xefpev avans}pev, nos Toe 15 Michael Otiver Vic Finkelstein (1980), Nowo-appixavos axuipiouy kat ovy- ypagéa, yraotos yi MAY avévar| tov ato Osa. tHS «ope Aonoiqons> Kor Spuuxd pEélog ts opyaveons Kwyuxé A- vamipov. AvadapPavoveas pag tov, ota véhy mys Bexaeri- ag 100 "70, tH SiSaoKGALa tov pobriperos: «To pevovexvixd GiOpo oTHY KoWoviar oto Avorxts Tlavernowsjpio, Sréxpe- Eav my undipxovna fiphroypaypicr yia ty avermnpta, Ket S- nas © (tog Opodoyet Evtwoay «anelmouKe eEopytopévow (Oliver, 1999). Mav avadiopyévocay 10 vhix6 vo pabrjpa- 10g rtov Beapotoay Kowavtoloytxd «npoxoreunppEvo», a- votyovtas to Spdpo yer uyy eppdnion Tov npGreV npomeD- XlaKGy Kon petorwyxiaKxy Tunpdtov pe tov vio Enovbé nepi Avannpias (Disability Studies). Thy ‘ta neptnov xpov- 1a} neptodo, eppavioveen crov Kovabé kar ty Apepucl o- veiororye TpaHjpote: pe THY KivA|tonoi|ON toD Irving K. Zola, npoédpov us Terpurig Kowavioloyles, omy Apepuccvuct Kowoviohoyixr{ Evoon. Eixe nponyndet 1 &x6oon tov fi- Bitou tov Zola, to onofo ovxvé o Oliver erxarheteen oy ov- yeexpipévn peléch, pe vith: Missing Pieces: A Chronicle of Living with a Disability, 1981. Avvi n ovyxexpysévn pelérn, 5- nag Ken GAles aK6pn, eotiaoay UY KpLttiC TOU ota Apept- kavixé npoypdpparta Anoxatdéctaons KaGés Kat oty Ape- pixavur] Kowovia. “Ones pas nAnpopopet o Oliver, ot av- YKEKpIREVOL Ovyypawers eMMpEcopEvor arid TV HapG6oon, tov Apepixavixod Fipayperiopos, xa tov 6ieAdyou yrer va ovdponiva Succrdpere, vonoSemoay ty avédvon ts ave anpiag ovo nlaiowo ts avahvors tov perovouuKiy opGbov, xopts ver napéyouv pie ovadonisy Beoprnuxys e&jynon ytet 16 Avonnpio x02 Hodes ‘UV avannpla Ker tov anoKletops. EmmAgov, ériag ot Gordon & Rosenblum (2001) onpersvovy xapaxmnpioiKa, ot KowaovnKo-nolmxés eppnvetes ya tyY avannpia efxav OXeTIKG piKpH EMppOF oto MeBfo TRS aEPKAVUEYs KOLO wodoyias. Me thy eppavion tov ave xeipas PiBAfov, npoKhfOnxe vas anpawernse xen. yovipos BiGAoyos ytot to. Sqta}HATE. eS evamptac, KaBGs Kar KpIUKES yla THY HapapElney and hevpds 100 Oliver Gxmpdvov mov oxeriCoveary je tov 16v0 (Morris, 1991), to odpet (Hughes & Patterson, 1997), vo @ps- Jo (Corker & French 1999), my evexéuec: xan 1, oe over Auxéuta: (Shakespear, 1996). Amavtsveas orovs emprtgs tov nov tov eykalovcay yiar unotiNoN To HokMopIKGY nrapaydviev, o Oliver avayveptet drt undpxer pia evand- Spaouy vlus{ avayKeaSuyte n ontoia dpas Sey efven unepd- vo Kpmnxrig avéAvong, Ket Su anantetar n Mapovotaon Ken eneSepyaota tov *pdniev pe tovs onofous eppavigerer, o- povordteran, Busverar Ken vopiportoteftat n aveumnpta péoo 10g NapayoyiKoss Ker Hohtopixods MEpiopiopodg row Gérowv ot SoprKol poOpouiKol yyepovIKOt jyXevtopO! (Oliver, 2004). O1 epmerpies tov avennripev Sev artoowon}- @qKav a5 10 Kefpievo tov Oliver, anopesx8nKav Spos pap- wples nov apopovoay orov ndvo, yer var PY texwuTel 1 rpoconuc} eperpia pe THY MpoGaMK tpaywSa, Npooky- lon Kupiapxq exeivys Uys NEpLSov, pe To OGpa va amore et ovvesyopo tov ehornsparos KaL ts NABaAoyLKr}s SuoREt- rovpyias, opt HohtaKd Kon toropiKé cupgpatopeva. AMaore, 1 enixpion Sev apopotae t600 ta nepieyspe- WW Michael Oliver Va avt08 tov PiPhiov, ald to anotéheopa ths ovyKeKpIé- vas vloruxrfs Bewplag omnY KaBLEpOON Ken THY UrOBENON, and pépovg tov avamipev us «véas opBoSokiag» Sag THY Ovpaoay ot emxprtés to», Hft01 to Kowovtxd Movtého Mpoo€yyions ts Avarmpiag kat ty Xeipaperucr} Epevvn ‘uxt mpoo€yyton. EmmAgov, &1 ypdvia apyétepa, o Oliver pe ry cwvepyce 1196 tov tay Jane Campbell xuxlowpopoty to BiBhio Disabi- lity Politics, Understanding our Past, Changing our Future, Routledge: NewYork, to onoio BpiGer npoowmxdy epmer- pidv Kat avoupopsv. TlepapBéver ovverreskerg npoowm Xijs @v16-Proypapuis mpoogyyons 29 avémnpev Kowove KG EMLOTLSVOY, LoLopLKGy, spevvTTTSY Ken peAGy avarmy- PIKGY opyaveoeov. “Ona or empelnrés avapsipovv: «qté- 9 aUrOs tov PiPhiov napovodovpe ta AeySpeva Show TOY ovvEpyatsy opis va Ta Siayopovpe oe axadnpariKe neta padt pe us npoowmnds epnerpies tous. Emayyeljia- tuKés 1EiSuITTES KL MpoowMKés epinEipies «xGVvOUY tov KE~ Béva and pas avté nov npdypon efver (Oliver & Campbell, 1996, oe.1). To ovykexpyévo BrPACo anorehet THY Katoypapy Ts MpeyparKSeTag exetvng tHE MEPIS Sov kon anotelei mm ovvéxera tov BiBhiov nov Kpatépe ora Xépta Has, doov agopd thy avahuuuxi} enekepyaoia tov Sq eypatov tov avannprKos Kwvr}paros, Bivan yeyovds, 6u yi ups pops, oe avrs to frB\o Mapovordterat KpIIKG 1] KOWEVIKH TIOALTIKH KaL to KpdtOG Mp6votag da0v apopé ta rata ms avannpias, O Oliver, ypagovtas to PiBhio oro téhog mg Sexaetiag 100 18 Averpia wor Toker "80, 19 raspy Oaroeprat} nepiodo, ja nepiobo onpava- kev akhayéy yim Bpevavia, Siamotaver th ovppikvoon ‘ov Kpdrovg NpSYOU, tH YORLHOHTOKH|ON| TOV axe ANOS TOO hryStepov xpdcovee, ty 1StOTKOHOINON TOV MpovoKEKEY ovommpétov, ty eprropevpetonoijon vInpeoidy Stag v- inpeotes ppovei6as, ovpfovheutuxés Kor yoyoBepanevtt- kés, UY Katéppeven tow avxonepayoyrKdy avarnpétoy ‘gg otkoyeveraxas o1xovopas. HTpordiovet hounsy way toxv- ponoijon tov Kwijporog tov Avamripov yter tn StexdéKqjon, Tov SKGDBETOY LOVE, THOU GupPLKVEVOVTEH AKIN MEPLO~ odtepo oF pra térout Holt OTLB. Tlapovordter avaduué ty woropucy e&éhEq Tov opya- yéoewv, Kat tov ovvééopov cvamipay, eondoveas om Spdon tov. Arayopier tg opyavesers oe Opyavedans yet avérmpovs ker Opyavdoes Avem{pev. Ynoypeppier tov KaBopiouxsd polo Tov pecatey aouKdy orpapEtoy, ta O- rro{e npatos 10 Kpdros ppAMATEL os popéas GoxNaNS HO- Aetixsjg, Aettoupyovoay pe prhavOpomucots ot6xovs. ‘Ontos Yepaxtnpiocucd avapéper xa o Gaveons ANEiov omy e- moxéninor tou yer thy eGEALEN Tov Kpdtovs MpSvoras, aEI- onrousvras ag pelérn neptirt@ans th Bperavia (2008) avré ta orpesperca corelgxovay wiorixé-prhavipomnd Biktva nov oxon6 ef- ov uy Weohoyuet evaopéraoq Tov KaUOTEpOY KoWovERSY oxpopdra xe ry Siexetpion rns Acre orxoysveras, H «pd Ga wav dathutwv» (The Great Unwashed) anovéhece mebio ae KnPtopod jie cores Kupies Ka @vOp@NoLs across, yLe- pot, noheoBspous.» (OeA.18) 19 Michael Oliver Aev elvan dpiog H6vo or Spacers tov prhevOpamKey op- yavoewy Keré tov Oliver nov dey emtepénovy tH SteKbéKn- on, tov Succnmpdtov tov avernipov. épvoveas 0 Gi0g 10 «etvaw» tov avénnpov Kat Exoveas Srexduxrjoet va evraxSowv ot avarnpor ons epevvnuAKes pe- Aétes Ov voVvs apopowy (PA. XeipagentKs} “Epewva), sore va etven xupfapyn Kan «apyetumunif> 1 gave} toVs, oxohtd~ Ger emupruxd xar-us opyavsoets tov avamrfpar, efte autés evoopardvoveat pe aopardete:linvisiblity) o11g KowoBou- AcUTUKES Opes, efte elvan povoBeperxés opyavoerg (sin- gle-subject) (ovykporosvran, Snlabi, orn Béion tg KéBe Ee- Xepioujs avennptas) opyavesoetg nov pe tov évay 1 tov Gl- Ao 1pdno dtexéixowy pe aPacdmon nodtaxy oKéy Lovo le empépous ovyxexpipeves avennpies. @€ter Aourdv os Boworxs apyyj tov Kivrjparos Avarnipo, uv avayveépion a 6 pEpovs tows Sun KoLweovicr avannponorEt, Ka ws OtSXO tou uy Evra ts opdibas wv avamtipev ove véa Kowa kG. xwtjpara ts Kowaviag To TOkUGY HOV orpEpovtaL on StexBixqon tov Sixcropdrov vov nohéey, tov Suxcas- Bato URS epyasias, NS aoPEAONS, HS exna‘Sevns Kar as abionpéneras, Ze avis to fiPAlo o Oliver eye: meproproret cag mpos ta Squjpara ms exnaSevons omy napovotoon 860 pévo ert- OU]POVUKGY Ken EpevviyUKy Povey Nov vNOCTpKav tav- TOxpove pe eketvov ty aMayr] tyg exrarBevrixtig Moke kifg yie. puta eveataxy exnatSevon. Mapovorditer ov mpo- ‘het Sovleié tov Len Barton, xerromvos tov ovvepyéey oro nepiodixs Disability & Society, xen ug Sally Tomlinson, 20 Avani eee Toke The Social Construction of the Educational Special Needs Child, 1981, London: Croom Helm. AtayapiGetcn o& mpeity (péon, cand ta AeySpevé vovg mept KoIwawuKt}g KatoOxeutig TIS o- varnmptag (social construction), xen mporetvet ™ Xprjon vo 5- pow Kowovixt} enttéearySnmtovpyter (social creationism) Karé tov Hanonakiipyn (1996) karaoxevr efvo: <1) oupfolixs} eworoAdynon, mpoosnoy, npaypdrey Ke. ev yévet ovpfdvioy, pay KoworIKG omoteheapanxt] Gpa vo- tHonouytuer, Goo Kat IpEq KowovixG opoBernpéry. “Eves Exo106 OpLapES ME KaTAGKELIIS wg avahutxON epyoretou é- yevemerpeiyes thy eneBepyaatar evds peOoBohoyixos npoypap- paxos to onoio xarté 11g tehevtares bo Sexaertes anobesyOn- xe eFaipenikd veheopépo om wehétr ts ovyxpdtjong tov KowoviKos OD, THE deFovahKSU|LAG, vov EOvos, dws xan GMov Sraoréaeev us tavTdtHTas.» (oA. 198) H biagopé avr Sev nokvoverytjONKE ove KavomVG xef- peve tev ovyypapéov, Mua Sagopa nov eneEqyowv ovov npdhoyo tg éxSoons ya ta 18 ypsvia KuKhopopiag tov eptobtxors Disability and Society ot Barnes & Thomas (2006): Or xowavunés Beoptes nepi xaraoKenris exxoposy mpovdia ora MOATOPIRG Ka YOOOOAOVIKE patvdpeva, eve Ot KOE vucés vores Beopies nept Kowovunris emeéheons Sivouv onpoota ous Zags tov avamipe, aAAd emxevepsvovrar Kv- plas arous ppaypous THY OtKOVOPLKGY MONTEREY Kat KOO wuxciv Se6opévov nov Eqnovpyosveen oth Bion tS aver: plas (aed. 5) Etvon yeyouds 6 exetvn thy teptodo Sev untip§e 1 é7t0- 2 Michael Oliver vq Katomwvi} nopayeyr] PiBMov xa GpOpev oxeuKdv pe ty ToaSayoyter} tg “Evtagns. Ov updates pavés nov ap- OpdOnKay yt thy exnatBevon ker mV avermnpie ag KoLveO- Yuet} Ken exnrenSevext] KataoKeDs] otov Bperanixs xapo et- Var or mpoavapepBetaes. LvvoyRovrac, 6a pnopovoape va novpe sui to Geopn- UK6 KOLEVIOAOYLKS Maforo, He tH Pope~Pr Mov to Spice oe Utd 10 Pio o Oliver, efvan yeyovds Out éranke karccahunt- K6 pORo omy avdélvon tov exnaubevniKey Bepdrov, Ken ye Vera aix6pin mo paveps and us xuiBes avagopés mov &- vrontZoupe oro xipo. Kara uy empeheta tov napdvtos fiBhiou umipgav Sid- Popa petappacuxé Susjppaca xen anopies. Oa avagep- Govpe oe 860. Tpouprjoape va perappactet 0 vétlos tow BiBliov ws Avareyota war Toderach Kou Sy «og H Tloltcext ag Avannpontoijons. Ze apKeré onpeto tov fiPAfov yonotto- noreftar o dpos avarmponotnan, disablement, eevermporio.y- ‘xr Kowovia, disabling society, avannponouuxd Spray dis- abling barriers. Hand500n tov pov ava elAnvixé €ytve ne PlppactuiKé ya ver pay LUoMEOOUPE Ge ayyALGpONS. Enunhéov, 0 ép0c disablism (evannpioyics), Bev anoStSe- “ent ora EAANVIKE cg TETOLOS plas Ka Sev SradErer TIs Gres apyatiKés owdnAdoers SU, 0 GEEOLSG, 0 peroropids KG. nopot. Ee avn} uy neptiracn anodéoape toy avanypr ONS oe ploavamnpiops, movesovtas Gu am06iBer neproos- “Epo ws évvore ova EAknviKd. Zany ayyAut] BiBhoypagta o. Spor disablism, ableism (Hoavernpropss, wavéenta) Xpnor portorosvrat evpéas, 22 Avcnpia xe Todaro} Gc Bélape exons va emonpdvoupe Gu omy EMG ya: TOAAG xXpovia, toUhdxtorov ny Televrate erxooaertc, 1a neproostepa PiB\ic pe avawpopés otnY avarnpia. Bev a Eiorto.odoay tov 6po. O emotnpovids xsSpos, ta vopobe- “uKé Eyypaga, Kat To avormpLKd KINA, KaTG Tos Qave- at, enmpedzovrav and us «xahoxdyabes, grhav8pomxés> petaxavijoers of eminedo xprjans yAGooas Kat dxt Bewplas xan rlohttu{s. Mnopospe aawpalds ve evrontooupe Kérto.- es eEinpéoers Smog ot A. Zéviov-2idépr, 1989" 1998- N. Bovlyapénovlog. Zev npdéey nepircaon, 9 Gra ebqyet eH prion Tov ovyxexprpévov Spov, arronotospevy ty yidoou nov amopaxpsvet and Kaiptc KowwovuRd Zaye pera KET O- nd ty contba pag opodoyiag (étope pe ebuxks arveyKes, Gropa pe Brarrepsurtes, Ftopa pe erduxés tweLvéurytEs) Nov naGodoyiKonote! ta dopa, Tis orKoyéveres KAI TS Goes tovs. Ta tH Sebtepn Hepint@on tov Bovyapénovlov Sev evtontoape oxetiKés avaAdoeis Kat enyrioess. © Baotlng AkeEfov porpdomke nodAés and vig peta ppacuxé pov avqovxies. AtéBaoe Kar éxave ovawound Kart Xprfoipa oxSAta O10 Kefptevo. Tov evxapiotss Bepy PP. Kapayedovn, : 6 noTiKas neprodixod ya te Ex6duns tou urmatou empepowxos xa Bip oTIKOS Hep opr ge events noo ender ony Oxoochovic, Araneta Te. 23 BIBAIOTPA®IA Abberley, P. (2002). «Work, Disability, Disabled People and European Social Theory». Zo: C, Bares, M. Oliver, L. & Barton, (2002). Disability Studies Today. Cambridge: Polity Press. 0€h.120-139, AlzE(ov, @. (2008). Korvamno} MTolnang} Anowlaopevec Opcibes xae Ta- Som Loy. ADrivee: Tlamert¥ons. Barnes, C. Oliver, M. & Barton, L. (2002). Disability Studies Today, Cambridge: Polity Press. Barnes, C. & Thomas, C. (2006). «introduction», Sto L. Barton (ed). Overcoming Disabling Barviss. 18 years of Disability and Socity. London: Routledge Corker, M & French, $. (1999). (eds), Disability Discourse. Buckingham: Open University Press. Douglas, M. (1966). Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London: Roudledge & Kegan Paul. Finkelstein, V. (1980). Attitudes and Disabled People. New York: World Rehabilitation Fund. Gordon, B. O. & Rosenblum, K. E. (2001). «Bringing disability into the sociological frame: a comparison of disability with ace, sex and sexual orientation statuses». Disability and Society, 16 (1), 5-19. Hughes, B. & Patterson, K. (1997). «The social model of disabili- ty and the disappearing body: towards a sociology of impair- ment». Disability and Society, 12 (8), 325-340. Levi-Strauss, C. (1977). The Elementary Structure of Kinship. London: Bacon Press 24 Avanypia xe Toca Moxponiden, A. (2001). «Eoayoys}. © Kowovirss ovyporiaps Tov ectvtod Kat tou oGperoG». E10: E, Goflinan. Trius. NOx va: AMeEdvSpete. Morris, J. (1991). Pride Against Prejudice: Transforming Auitudes to Disability. London: Women's Press Oliver, M. (1999). «Final accounts with the parasite people». Exo: M. Corker & S. French (eds), Disability Discourse, Buckingham: Open University Press, €3.181-193. Oliver, M. (2004). «lf 1 had a hammer: The Social Model in action», Exo: J. Swain, 8. French, C. Barnes & C. Thomas. Disabling Barriers. Enabling Bnoivenments. London: Sage. Flonarakidpyns, E. (1996), «flept mys nohwwopuaris xetaoxeutis “aig tavtdtyagy. Eto: TI. Movhos, Mept Karaawenys. Abgiver EMEA. Zémow-Bibépn, A. (1993). Ot andrypor enn exo rons. M2 _yonendayeayesy pace yoy te ércabys, ABr}ver: EAAnviKd pepper I 1 i ity, differences. v2: C. Shakespear, T. (1996). «Disability, identity, di Barnes & G. Mercer (eds), Exploring the Divide: Mness and Disability. Leeds: Disability Press, 94-118. Shakespear, T. (2006). Disability Rights and Wrongs. Lordon: Routledge. ‘Thomas, C. (1999). Female Forms: Experiencing and Understanding Disability. Buckingham: Open University Press. 25 EIZATOTH apiOpss tov pelerav rrov Exovy yiver yee to U- por atovg axodnpaikorc ropets eiven Mepto~ piopévos, To Sffmpa tys avermpiac, kaGds Kat ot epmer- pies tov avantipay, neprypdgerar Kat avahderar SieKobt- kG GtOvg KGBoug THS LETpLETIS KaL TS Woxohoyfas, Kor xartdyer e€€xovoa Aon. Avoruxcis, avts até pOvo tov Exet anoberydet avtmapayoyiKs, eneiSr} efxe os arrotéheope xo {frp tyg avarmptag var aveupevon@erar ovowtoTiKG cay 1atpiK6 GHfuype Kat ot epnerples TOY avdpor vO HC povordzovren piéaa and nouxthes Sraducaoies oxohoyurris npooappoyris. Ti avt6, eivan eriefyovoc 1 avayKy GAor xAdBo1, Stag 1 Kowovtoloyia, 1 av8panodoyia, n nenbe- yoytxt, 1 woropla, o nohreuxés emouipes, vo mépovv Go- fapé avré ta Oduerta, napé vo nepropiovv uy NpCOpO~ pd tous € neprypagixés Ken npaxTixés Beoprfoers HOV a rvour xopss approBrfujoN tis axprKés Ken puxotoysKes mpooeyyiaes ver apapévouy mpoe&dipxovoes. Be teins] avdAvon, yl va avetpetomoret 1 Lorcprxt xar poyohoytcr Kuplapy(a ony meproxy] avts, efvar aria parent pra «xowovus} Beapta ths avennptog». AMG pre ‘ér01a Bewpia Sev propet vor avarreoxet pExpIs Stov OL Siéqopor akaSqpaixor KdBor avaperontoovy soPapé 2 Michael Oliver Kat aroxAsiouxd to Sima uns avammpiac, KaBes Keung euneiples tov avdrnpo, avtt va ta aprivou oto meprOd- plo Tov OeopnuKay eEehKeor kon me epmerpuig Sov- Aetés nov yivevan Env etoayeyrl evds PuBfov nov pelerd mm Sovletdé tov Traot xowavioAdyou Antonio Gramsci, o Peter Hamilton toxeptera: Snag avvéfn o€ noMOss KoWomodsyous, ot evuthtpers too Gramsci yie va Bepéhia tas xowovias, péoa otqy onofa fy. 08, oxnpatiomkay pod and nepwBaprontouruxés epiner (Bocock, 1986, oe. 7) — KaGcis eter avennpos xowonordyos, 1 Bust pou e- netpia: neprGopronotqons éxet Spopohoynet neproodte- 0 and WY KoWSuITA ToY KoWOMOLyoV Napd cand THY xowavta ev yéver. “Evas Kowovioldyos, nov Xe vite mpoownucs efte e- nayyelponixé evBiaepépov, yer tay avannpla, Sev covavid 0 Bye ws Kevepixd Etfrnpa ovte oto nepOdpo ths Ko vowoloyints entévras, Kar axépn Stay to fue epg v@eran, 1 xowoviohoyia tye éyei npoogeper, née and 10 Ya avanapdyet tqy texpuj npooéyyion. Ta tweAevtate xpo- Man KoWwoviohoyia tye terpixtis Exe averrroyGet of peyd- Ao Babys ovyxprrixd pe dMes ywootixés neproyés, ald a 6m Kat goa o” evry tHY vTO-nepLoxH}, ot KoLvovLohdyo IS texpunifs orgBNKaY axvjpopor var xévouV to Siax~opr OLS aveipeca omy aoOévera Ke mY avannpia xe npOXEs- Plloay cav va peAetodoay +0 ‘to Kat to avt6, 28 Avornpia xm Toles Mia napspore Katéotaon ouvavedpe Kat ovo ovyyers xhdBo ug KowovuKrfs avOponohoyiag. To tehevtate xpé- wa 1 avOponohoyia: ts vyeiag Kat tg aoBEveras Eyer npovelxtoer nov to evbtapépov, AAG MEAL, ot avOperto~ Adyou trot epyd¥oveat o° avtr] thy meptoyr] Sev ¢xouy Kav appiofizufoer my Kpiapyic tov tarpiKOt mActo‘ov, KaLo amyneepipévos curds Khédog S{ver epmerpuxds Seeprfoec “ung avamnplas uéoa and éAles neptoxés ts Stavdnons. Atvorrag éupaon om Sixt] pou mepWoproriotjon otY Kowdujta tov KoWwaol6yov, Sev npoona®6 va apvyOs Sun epWeopronoiqon efvar pie onpovtuKt] epmerpie: Yio. 1ovs avamnpovs, Fpdyperi, KevepiKds oKords avtos tov PiBAiov etven.va Eexwvijaet o KaBopiopss tov axtfov ov & YOUV Katacnfe. mY HepBopionofjan tov avénngey a- KOU] nto ONLavEKA, Ge TOPEIS SHag 1 Ko'WeMoloyia, Kowavixt avOponohoyta Kau o€ Sré@opous GAAovs axasn- paixots KAGSous, “Onorog Ki av evbrarpépetan yic HV totopia ws evar pias Ga avniperonice to i610 mpsBAnpa. H retopia éxet kad Eva peydho pépos ovomrjaer, Ket duav yiverat averpo~ pé arovc avéampous, efvar joa ara mhatore wyS oropiag “ugg 1eepixris mpoddov. Or avéinnpor npéner va Spaoowv a KpIfids Saag or yovaikes Ff OL pwipor, Mov avaxéhupay 0G npénet 01 {rot var ypdyouv tH StKi} tovs woropia. Mé- vo tote Oa éxoupe éve enapKés matoro péoa oto onofo Ga @éoovpe mY napovoa ov%ijmnon. Exdxos AvtOW tov MpooIpior efvan ver evabevFer to peye- Gos tov «xpéoug», Kabiss emyerpettan var napayOet 1 Kor 29 Michael Oliver vewoloy{a, 1 avéponoloyia Hf 1 oropia tng avermpias. M’ aut6 to BiBAio otyoupa Sev emyetps ver ypctpo UY KOK vovioloyfa ts avarmptas, enedi, ya AMdyous tov ava- PépONKay napondves, KéU této10 efven aBEvato ve copBet TIpos To Hapsv. Or GtSyor pow eiven mEpropiopevon. ZS vo Sexiijoet 1 pedéty oxo Sifrmpo ths avarmpias ans Kor- veowoloyuais oxomés, Oétovrag ta Gepéhia, Gore ver py napaydet tehixé Kit AtyStepo and jue KoovUEr] Beople UNS avert piac. Kas Fextvnjoa va ovyxevepavopat o” ety ty Sidota- on tov Squipatos, €xoveas aver uy ornuct}-mpoortunt, & Geo éva Baouxs eparenpa. 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Téhos, 8a ovpmeprAngOowy ta emyerpijpata tov rev tov avésm- pay, nov wxvpfovran Su n éwoie ws avannptas Eyer HGMov StactpePlobeL Kat KaKonOMNGeL and avto’s TOVs extonpovs optoposs To Settepo Kepdhano peheré to edv n onpepwt} Kupi- apyn evriAnym, ytee ray avermpic cog crops Hh terepucd TIpSBAn pe efven SreBveig H av Gov Trio» KoWwovies avn AapPavovren Kat opovy ty avannpia diapopenKé. Ta- povordtoveas avOponoloyrxés pehéres Oa avaberxOet ut ot opiopof yo: THY avant, duos ovpPatver pe toVs opL- pods Kat yie GLa Kowovind Opera, oxeriCovear épeoa He Us orkovoprKes Kat KoLveoviKes Sopés, KaDGs KON pe TIS BaorKés ables tov ovyxeKpipevev Kowovidy. 01 A6yor nov pas Kévouy va Sropospe wyV avannpia é- va eGaropuxevpévo npéBhn pa 8a ovtqtO0by cto tplto Ke~ pédato. Ga: pedernBodv o1 herroupyuxés avéyxes tov Kepa- Aafov ya éva ovyxexprpévo efBos epyernxrfg SUvayns, 1 oxéon avépeo omy npoopopa Kou tH Simon yle: epya~ ofa Ket 0 péhog tov avénnpev otRY oIKovoRIa. Oc vTIO- oupixdet Sut aut 1 O¢aox tg avarmpiag teAiKd Kata- oxevateran and us hettoupyixés avdykes tov Kepadaiov yta Ever ovyKexpipévo etSog epyonxrs Sévapns. To rétapto Kepéharo Ba coxohnGet pe tov KevrpURs pd- Ao nov dtadpapariter n weohoyla omy avetAnyn ms ava- inpiag péoa omy Kamtahonxt} Kowovia, Ga outntydet 1 emtppor} nov aoKosy avyKexpyieves opdBes uve oe av- ‘tég us Weoloyucés KataoKevés, Ge StaxpoviKé entinebo aA- 31 Michael Oliver Ad Ken ore onpepwd ovpppatspever. Oa avadvBosy or Se- opot avdpeoa ong Weoloyies tov croprKtopos Kat TIS ta- tpuconotnans, Kabds Eaprsveat and my évo6o tov extpr- Kod enayyélpaog Ker mV toxupHf on NOV ats Kertaa- Raver ous onpepivés Kamtahtonxés Kowavies. Ex ovvé- eta: Ba eEeraorosy or emumtsoers rrov Exovv Sypiovpyn set ané 6hn wv napandve npoBAnwertuay ya ty ovyKeKpIRE vi] xpijon tov A6you tor uy avanapic H npooomur avtipaon tov avérmnpev péoa 0° aves 10 eohoyixs Khia Oa eGeraorel oro n€prto Keipeharo. Evvi[Qos unépyer n avetAnyn dt q mpooappoyr efvar pa Sradixaota Kard ty onote to Gropo Ba npénet ve ooppr- Bootet pe mv avarmpia tov Kor 6x1 pla SiabiKxacta Kod “uy onofa n kowovia Ga npénet va npocappootet aus 61 apopenxés anarefoeis tov arspov. Oa vnootnprxtet Sut y Mpooappoys} efven neproadtepo jet StaSpaotuxr| Siasixa- ofa nov oxeriZeran, 6x1 HOvo pe Ta MpoooMIKd Bubpora Tov KaBEVE H To OTIYpa HOV KOUPAG, GAG Kon pe «Bopt- xd Xopenmprouxé>, iaitepa ty puhr{ Kar 10 pho. To éxto Kepéidaro napovordier to Bépe Ts avetSpaons ev avénpOV 05 NPOS tEY avaNNp{a toVs, to OMOLo dps oviq eran péoa orc moArTKG ovpeppatspeva ove onofa yewviéran. Oct avedvBer emppoi| tS KoIvavIKt{s HOA ifs Goov aqpopé thy avarmpta,, Kor Oa vnootpixtet Gu te toi0v eiGoug nokmnxés evépyetes mepioadtepo napéyouy napé pevdvouy ty eGépryon. To ovyxexprpévo Gifu &- et avolGer to Spspo ve ovtqrfoers yi THY Kpfon nov Hep. Vato Kpdvog npSvoras Kot thy emukefpevy avaSSpnor{ ToL, 32 Avenrpis es Moker e€arriag ros 6ui éxer yiver aveuAnmtd Su to orKovopiKs Ba- 0s, Mov anattoWy or HOATIKE TOV KEtaOKEDaouy THY e- Eapujon, efver peyddo. Ev pépet, o¢ andéveon 0 aver ty avadépnon, Kabdc Ker oy avgavopevn menof®jon dui 1 napoxy) ummpectsy Yea. tos avéinnpous etvan avertaperis, éxer avaBuBet aves nov Oe. pmoposcape ve ovepGooupe nol Osspyon, ‘mig avarmpptas, To éBSopo Kepéato 8a coxolnOet pe 10 ovyxexpipévo O€ pa péoa and ty Egon tov napaSooaxdv nohtuxéy Spéoeov, Sqhady, péoa ans ty ovpperoyy{ tov avémpov o& Spévers nohaxey KopPEto Kar HapABoC- axdy opdbov doxnons nteons. To tehevtato Kepadato Ba HeAeioet THY EpPayior tov KIvY{patos THs avanNpiag «os Eve pépos tov evpritepov PatvopEevo ToV véOV KOWWOVIKGY xtyqpétoy, TOV YapaKupCovv tov KamaAops ova téhy, Tov EIKOOTOS andve. Tpw ovvexfooupe pe my lemtopeperaxr avéhvon wy napovotaons, xperéterat var avahéBo thy evddvy yor pe~ pixés emboyés nov Exovy yiver H npouy enthoyr} exer var Kévet pe uy xpron ts yAdo- ag 0’ avis to PiBMo. 3 dha ta Kepédara npouprfOnKe o Spog «avérmpor cd tov Spo «ivOpenor pe avannpiec». Mepuxés popés Kéno101 jan) aveirmpor enayyedpories Ket Beaprnxot, KaBds Kat xénotr avdémnpot, Exovv 1oxvpt- covet dui elvan npoUpStepo va yprotponorettat 0 6pog «ety Eponor pe avammpies», enerdyj xertapyrfy SxAcver Kar BueK- Sixe( tH aBla tov avOpanov xa ou ovvéyere 1 avarmpfa yivetcn amAG éva npooéprqpa. Avtf n pledesOepn, Ker 33 Michael Oliver ovpamonuxt, Gnoyn apne THY npayporKsmyTa Sms Prdverat cand tovg *tovg tovs arveinmpovs, ot otofor toxv- povrar dui n avamnpte tovs dev etven pdvo Eva npoodip- “MPa aAAG Ever ovOUsSEs pEpoc Tov EaUtON TOLs. Kat’ avis ov 1pén0 Bev éyet VOnpie va PAG Kavels ya to dtopo Kat “iY avamnpia tov Xopioté Kea ovvénera autos etvat to Ye yowds det oF avdanpar cancarary anofoxy fen drag eiven, Snhad}, avennpor. H bestepy emoyi] apopd axpipess thy évvoue tov 6po . Mepixés po- pés petaxerpiZovean avrosc 10v¢ S8aKohovs, npoBhyBart- xovc avOpdnovs npovopiaxd, pepixés avexnxd, adhe oAnpd Kar GAleg axdpn eEovisvoveds tous. Tia tov Edgerton, to xpioyso Urine Gev efven yratt noriAhovy ot tporiot aveipersmions ts Kowoviag, aANé yrort avté Oa énpene va etvan état, To mo oxertxs Lifenja 666 Sev efvan n aria: nov mpoxanhet ty vor xaoorépron =H Tq hoon Hf Sota CAA poou cramnpia- adhd to ylert Kéntows KovhtoLpes ro Bewposv 65 Michael Oliver Mpayparixd evoxlnrixs Kat des 6x Téve 0” aut 10 evi kefjevo napapévoune oxe86v olokAnpauixt abaeis, (Edgerton, 1976, o€1.62-3) H peléry tov Gwaltney (1970) oxenucr pe tv wiphoon, ce Ever peEKavixo yopis KaréBerke Str avte Ga pnopovoe ver karravorGet OVO pe toVs TomKOL MOAtIOpIKOKS 6poUs kot 6xt oth Péon npotmapxovody vnodéoewy yi uy por mg Wephoong, éva OE nov Eyer epevvnGer Ket oe pte ov- ykprruxr] HeAgry tov Scott (1969). “Etat o Gwaltney toxupi- Geton det H emuparovoa nenofnon ot n prbapiaon nov mpoxahel w- ghoon etvat n ovvéneia THs narToBsvapns, BeiKifs nape pba ‘ons teiver ory Symtovpyla pias ovoraouxé Bolus Mode owtxris andvenongs. (1970, aeh.r-vi) Avni 1 roktopuxr| anévenon ofr}yno8 oxy Arwen Kérot- ov pétpOV, Smog tH oprynoN NaASisV OBYGY GtOUs hots, emPpafesors yt avioig nov éBexxvav osfaops orovs twphoss, Snpidora poppy yt avross nov Bev EBeryvaw, xan o¢ Eve eneEepycopévo ovompa and étwnovg Kowevt- Kots pnXcmopous mov eFaopehav ty ovpperoxr| Koa TY evoupétoon tov tupldv omy Kowdenra. Emméov, Bev & yway npoonddetes pow ng duxrig tous cwrdyGovns taTp- xrfg texvoloyiag 1] ts payetag tovg var napéxou Bepetetcr ‘tous TuPhos, amodeuvGovtag pe aT TOV tpdnO Tt oN Hatver mia (Eoucault, 1977). To pupa etye entrvyiar, enerds} evodp- GOVE Ke TOUS KaTEMETTKOLS Kat TOVs WeoloytKoNs [xa Mopous tov eléyyou (Althusser, 1971). “Hav xorameonxs Adyeo ts Pious andovpans cand THY KowéuytE yer Tov Ka~ Eve Nov apvowvtay va oUpPifootet pe tH véo tGEN Mpay- Hétav. “Heavy, enfong, xen ecloyixds pnyamiops ehty- ov, enterbx] Aettoupyovoe Gav Ever Ken a vaypifola root év8ponor nov Bploxovtay orc Spypare 101 Michael Oliver enéorpeyay otny Kowsurta. To wetoypo, apyrxd tov mer XOKOPEIOY Kat tov adEhpourftiay KL oT OvvEXELa TOY vO- ooxopetav yrcr paxpoxpsvies aoBEveres, avapp{Pola Eave- pepe xINGSEs EyKheIotous iow oY KoWSTTA evtottOIS, 6a mpénet va otaGoNpe oe 880 onpeta. Hpcitov, avépeon ong opdies tov avepdniov nov efver ProXol, MxLOHEVOL, avémMper, mapdppoves Kat GALA, 6 ag Kat avépeoa ous opddeg nov e(yav iSpupterrorioinbet undpxovv notouxés aAAG Kat noootKés Siaupopés: yeyovss nov emmpéave onHavaKé ta noGoOTE avTsY nov enéorpe- av omy Kowsuta. Aettepoy, eve 0 apiOpds tov avOpes- oy popes ve nowxthker onpavnixd, efver nok onpaveixd- ‘epo 10 yeyovss ts eohoyuxrfs petcrrsmtons an6 uy 6pv- port omy KoWworKr ppovtiba. “Opes, daov apopé tov avéarpovs, 1 meioyn gla Yovoe névea oujy Kowsuta, av Kat pepixés popés amopovepévn ax avn}, to nov n pe- Tortsmon gaivera 6x Htav meploadtepo pawopevixs} mc- pe adn Owvy. “Ever napspoio oxShio Eyer yiver npsopara oe pia avélvan mov neprypéger tqv wotop txt eEEAEN tov Kor- veoviKod e€yXov He TV dvoSo vo KamteaAtopos. Eng durixés Bropnxavexés kowavies Exouv yiver Bo peta0y7- aTtopot atous Kuptapxous oxEbiaopoNs Kat Tas oTpALEHYEKES yte tov eyo TIS aNGKhONS -0 eves Stapas, o GAAos Ba- nds, 0 évas Mpayparixés, 0 GAAog tehuxd monn Ads. O nip ‘os nov éhafe xépa Katd to téhog tov SéKartou dySoou Kat orn Sidpxera: tov Séxcrvov évarov cucsva Beck va Bepéhee yr. her te ovouijpore ehéyyov ms andxhions, O Betirepos, 0 o- nofog oupBatver ows pépes pas, Beopertan and peprKorss e- 102 i | Avannpia xe évodog tov xanaxalsqyos hemntég dct aveumpooaneder uy approPrfr|oN Hf axedpn Ke TH pioonactuxr} avuotpopr Tov mponyoupevou pevaoynpert- pod, Kat and GAAoUG, 6 exppdter ty ovvEXtON Kon EvTEETKO- noijon vov napandveo oxebiaopsv. (Cohen, 1985, 9€A. 13) Ze avrd to onpeto, efvor nporpstepo va peAettfooope yrerté ‘ovvéBgoav aveds ot adAayés avet vor emyerpnporchoyoope yorto av eurot ot peraaynpentapot mpgypert o¥jpoway te GAG pwON ToV BOG TOV KOWaVIKOS EAEyYOD H Sy. Eppnveieg — nio@ otov Comte Kat tov Marx Avadmrevias eppnyetes napd amhés neptypapés ytc to wvéfin otovg aveirmpous pe UyY éevoT tS KaNTcIoURYS xowaviac, 80 npénet va toviotet Gxt Kant 1 OTPO~H MPOS TY \Spvperonoijon Kat to Kiva yta ty aropuyy ty eévat Bvyardy vor evraxBovy p1d00 ato io eppnvevtixs whatoro. H npeiey eppveta omperon ova8eps ovo mAafoto nov ee o Comte Kar vnoomnpiet dt avt6 tov avveBr oroUs avarmpovs Kat oe GAhovs, pnopet ver ex6aGel os 1 poo Seuruxr eENEN TAS axttoKparias Kat tov avOportopOs, Kat Gti 1 petaxivyon and ty xowsuyra ovo pupa Ker avet- orpopa avravarhé tis petaBadhdpeves 18ées yte THY KOK veovuxt, 1pdo80. H napandve biadixcote etvar aves nov o- vopdier o Abrams (1982) «Gewpia mys Stapduions ws Ko yours MpSvoIEs 1] ONOLG evowpOLGyEL to KerEOTHHEVO 103 Michael Oliver TOY aTlopovoriKdy pupstoY pe pnevBaprKoss Spovs as felusioers tov nponyoupevov poppav napoxsv. Enumhé- oy, evooporsvet napalayés tov Kwijpertog evévtia ota Spsperca dros exppdotyxe o1a-Téhn tov exkoGLON oudva a 6 ug peAétes tov Goffman (1961) ken and évav apiOys e- UKptKGy SypsoLwv epeovasy ja Tis avvOrfKes Ota vooO- Kopefa nov nepuGcnav paxpoxpsvic aaBeveis. Or ev A6- yo ovyypagets umcavioaoveat éun emotpopyf om ppovet- Sa. mys KowduLAG avravaxhé Ke Tig pETaPAAASpEVES 16E- £G plas, yta THY KaTGAAnASUyTE t8V pupETIKGY MapoyGv omy ob yxpovq Kowovia., Tlapdha avté, ot ovyxexpypéves peheres Sev éhaBay v- dwn Tovs Gui NoAhof am’ avtosg ov epMotEttyKaV To Spoperte to ecénpakay Karé Kipto Adyo ws pra epmerpter uipaptas Ken 6yt Gepametac. Emuthéov, drag mpdapates peéceg éxowy anodeifer (Scull, 1977), n emorpogy; omy Kowéurter putopet enfong var evan pra epmerpiar avompris uipeptas. H «Bewpta mg Stagesnonsy Katé tov Abrams, ytat 11 Eton tov pvpertos Kat tHY evowpétooN oT KO vourter etver: 2600 povobiéotaty now pnopet var eppaverar os andhvta xavoroujrixd. Oc pmopodoe ve net Kaveis, 6 yn téroLe Oe~ opla avayvopitet Sut or dvOpartor grayvooy ty Bua TOUS cropte aAhd dy. 10, Kad tov (S10 tpn, onHavERS yeyorss én Bev tH gtUdXvoUV aK pIBs Sutos Be OeAav. Ziyoupa ovdy= Spcoror evepyowv oy Boon tor Wesv, GARG o1 WEES nov & XOvv o€ Kdrto1a. ouyKeKpipEvN] NEpIOSO Ken aK MEpLOOSrE- pon entppor} avtaiv tov Wey bev eiven Ovo Lipa evaoys- 104 Avorypia xo dvod0g tov xenexalaquoé Anon mys Staw6nons. Mohkés xahés Sees Sev axosyoveat 10 1é noMhés xaxés Weeg evdoxypow ya yeviés wn yevids (Abrams, 1982, oe}, 11-12) H entroxic ¥ 9 anotwxter «os mpos thy eGdathoon tov e- Gy eFaprétan ani6 pita. cepa rapaysyroy, 61s 01 orKOVO- puKés Ka KoWoviKés aovOrfKes KEtw and us onoies ave- mresovoveer KaGGs Kat aad TRY oHOGTHp:EH Hf [| TON THY. XGvouv ané avOpanoug o& nolmxKés Béoerg eEovotas pE- oc otovg Beopows. H Bedrepn eppnveta avthettan and to papftorixs poves- Ao Kar oxupGerat tt o aAAayés oun MOALTEKH] KEL TIS TIE poxés via tovg avérmpovs KaBopRovear ans us ahhayss orov tpdno napayayris. Enopévas, ta Gavhe 100 SEKatOD EvatoD aves Hfta¥... 1690 to arToTEe ‘ope tev evpixatay adhaysiv ouny epycota Kat THY oxKoyEVEY- xi} Gor] KoBGG Ka Tov avTtoTOIYOY HEBGHOV KerecAAENS tov Xphotponorosvray, Goo Kau n éynvevon yra ToLs AdyYOPE- nos Kat t0 épyo yra tous emotrjpoves. “Exrore, ta dovhe po- & pe GMa mapopora pr para, éxovv Hapapetver 1 xUpLE e yaMoxuxt] mpétaon owyy orKoyévera, (Ryan & Thomas, 1980, oeA. 101) Tlapdpoie, n emorpopi] orn ppovriSa tas Kowsurax, toy Béxaro Evaro KaEE Ken TOY EUKOOTS aver, Sev HEA AAG tO a novéheope tov Wedy evdvria ote pwpeT, AAAG Kan y ovvErTEL- ‘100 dt «ot tpén01 anopsviaons yler KOIWONIKS Eheyy0... KGoTE Zav nepioadtepo Kon Hirer SGoKoAo va SuxotohoynBoiv» Scull, 1977, oe. 135). 105 Michael Oliver Avul axpiBés ty Struj Sidoraon amoxaket o Abrams (1982) Beopica ins avayans ts KoWwovrKrig NPSvotaS> n O- nota nepapBéver 6x1 pdvo TAY oIKovopUKA axtoRoyic, nov Kar Képov vrooTUAGvEL TIS KOIevIKES TAPOXE, CAAA, enions, Kor THY aveyxn yia emBohr{ Ken Gtorxjpnon ts te ys ovov petaPadAcpevo fropnyavixs Kdopo. H epprveia tov Basar tng Beplas ms avayxnsr, Karev8svet ty npoooxt} Has atDUs tpsOVs pe LOUs oM1O{0US Ta Kowwovind yeyovdea Kat ot ovOHfKES avaryKaZoov Kat na paxivosy tous evBpinovs va Bpovy pe ovyxexprpévors tps- ows. [..] HopOsaver my abrardipaxty taon ms «Beopias |S Biapsuons? vo anoKsfer nc WEes and 1a KOWOIRE GOPIPPA- Zopeva, AMG thy Grer oeypay] apvetran to enfons onpereixs YeyOvds Sut -GUtS How KEvODY 01 GvOponoT avTpeToNToveas, ug mo efaveryaconikés Kowovinés ooveijes ever npdypert xGit tov emA€youy 01 ‘Stow, (Abrams, 1982, eA. 12-13), Qotéo0, ote n rep Balyn wv pviportos ote n ~Ppo- viSa tng KoWSu|TAS pOPOSY Ya EppNvEdos pe Spovs avOpamonxods 1 avayxensuytas. O Parker (1988) othy - oroptxy} emtoxérijon ws Wpoparucis gpovtibas, npotdo- e1 5tio neapéyovtes nov éxovv oxéon, pe ™ «Bewpiar Spans ‘tag MpSvorac n onofa Heopetter Koo onpaveucy. Kav apxijy, vnobérer Gu n podvpiia H 6x tov omKoyevErdy vo gpovttoowy ta drop nov Eaprsvean at’ avrovs thtav on Havers Kor mapa®érer wroprxods Sts vov Ignatieff (1983), nov Exouv noompéer Sut <1] o1koyévera tHS Epya~ “unijg taENs Exer maEer pEMAov évay evepys xen dxt Ever na- 106 Avanapia vas Gvobos 100 kontahiouos Srn1K6 pSAo OMY toropia ms EEAENS us Gpoparoro!y- ong. Yrootnpiet ourdy Sui, +0 enredo ws Sxfmmons vie nep(Bahyr ovo Bpopa gaiverar ui fray ovvdpmon a) ws anodoxtis awnfs tys ppoweiBag 6- og TY avtepBévovrav ot avyyevets, B) tov Kdatovs HOW avtof Beopotoay 61 ot (S10 Kat oF orKoyErerés tOvG Bat Gre ev aww avveixtav va. ppoveiZouv to eEaprspevo Hf mopereht- vov phos, Kat y) Tov apiOpos toy eEapidpevov avOpsnov nov Sev eiyav otevoss ovyyevess. (Parker, 1988, oe. 24) Mepuxes oucoyéveres érargav onpoverxs pého npoone- Gesviag va anopaxpsvouy toVs dvyyevEts toVs @TI6 1 vOOO- Kopeta yi tous paxpoxpdvia aoBevets, ter erduxé oxoheta. kat ta nearSoKopela. ‘Ooo Spas ta npoBAtjparte oT pO- yriba ans THY KoWStHTa yivovEaY Mo ‘pavepa Sho Kon me proadrepes orKoyéveres Kkavav exorpareies Gore ta rpt- pra va dtacnpn bos. 0 Bestepog napayoveas Katé tov Parker, éxet vo KévEL pe to tt ta pspera trav toropucé onpavuxé eEarniag tov pdhov nov énarkav oe «exorpatetes> owmpias, Kupiog toy neSiGy KarG to Bebeepo p06 tov BéKarvov évarov cu- vo. Avtt 1, anootoht} ootnptog trav évas onpavess mapdyoveas otny e&6hEn tng pvpanixris ppoveibag yr tous avannpovs peré tov Aestepo TayKdopto Tdiepo, 6- rav to fpvpa Cheshire vnotiBerat du Eowoe moAhows evi Aaxous avéirmpovs and ty arropsvioon ous oLKoyErELES, c- 116 ta voooKopeia yia tts paKpoxpdvies appdonies and ver ynpoxopela Kat GAkes této1es ckaTaAANhes Hapoxés. To 107 Michael Oliver yeyovés dn n totopta pinopet va enaveppnvetioet térotes &- YEpyetes ws eYKARIOUS Kat 6xL Os GwrNpIa Sev amakuiver ng SpGves tov avspov ous ovyxexpypéves toropixés omy pes. “Exot, eve nj «Bewpia Spdons ms mpdvorac» (ows va wY e€nyet tig popes mov propel var népovv ot napoyés Stav anopaxpsvovtat ans ta toropiKé ovpppatspeva, efver XpHoy] evrostors, yle MV aveTysy pag aveAAnyys no Ga Brevxprviger ty axprpr{ pion Ken poppy avtay tov na~ POXGY Tov amoppéovy and THY EMppor} TOV aT6poY, tov oiKoyeversy ToUg Kat TOV ONGSwv Ge pte ovyKEKPYBEH ouypH. Opus, avr nov n Bewpla ins Spéong> Bev eppn- veGet, o6ppava pe tov Abrams (1982), efven du pepucés o- pGBes «anoSelyrHKav Su efyorv peyalstepy emppor} ans Mec» mpoKaAdveas 11 Snpstovpyla pag Bewpiag us e- Eovoias ms mpsvoiac». Avapeifora n opéba mov entpover e(Xe U] peyaAsrepy emppor} ota ovpeppatopever ts ava- nqplas, Hrav n oyengopevy pe 10 tortpiKs endyyeApa,, Kat avs Ba ovtnyr Gel SreEOSiKe oto endpevo Kepaharo, Tpw and avid, undpyer pre axdn eppnveta nov xperdteran vo oviqmBet Kar avrettan and Bepnepiavés évvores ts at- ‘TOTTAG, a Ken EvOWperTGver Ke OrorXeta cand tH o Weber ewoovce 11 Siabixa- ofa Karté thy onofa. or pyro’, BewprTuKos, petpr|oytor Kavoves er Suadixates, Sho Kar nepioodrepo crvaKabrotow to ov vexoGqpetiop6, ty mapaBoon Kat tov epmerprops ve Shovs ‘os tope’s THs avOpemns Spaomprsutas, O eEopBohoyt- opés ofnyet omy avevecrdoraon THs Opnoxetas and Hy €- Reid ixevpévy emorrjpn os thy K¥pra mys] Suavortuas eEov- ofag: mY avixeréeraon tov Kadhepynpévov avOpénov tov YPapperav and rov exrtenBeopEvo erduud> tov exBvoyps tov eeSievpévon epyéen and thy texvoloyta thy pHxavesy" THY evukaréotaon Tg Mapabooanfs SiKaotiKrfs Gowlas and rovg ovornpcronomnpEvous apoBlenspevous and to vopo KSBiKes, O eEopBoloyiopss anopuBonoret Kat epycetonoret 11 Yat}. (Wrong, 1970, aed. 26) 109 Michael Oliver “Ooov apopé us napoyés, Lourdv, énpene ve evappovi= crow 01 petaBahidpeves avéyxes tov avernpov pe TAY a yartEy tov Karntatopos Kor cts ovvépy pe UY exA6vy- 09 ax6pn mo Aetropeperaxdy vot pétov ypapetoKpatt- ifs opydveoons Kor Stoixnons. To Booxs emyefpnyic ms Stone efven Su Shes ot owe vies Letrovpyoty piéaco Taw sapgeiy avencerravopstign, Kat “uc onofes ta napaySpeva ayaSa Ker unnpeotes mpénet vor BicriBevten oro a6voho tov HANBLopON. O KKpIOg pNXavI- op6s avaxortavoprs evan n epyaoia, ahhd Sev efver Shot Kavot va epyaotosy. “Exot, undpyet entong éve ovompa o- vaxoravoprfs nov Baot{eren ony avdiyxn. To Se Kat tov tpETIOV oKEyS Via Ter KOWOVIKG, OXKOVOHIKG, HOMTIKE Ken OLE ZeaRpera. (Hamilton, 1987, o€}. 8) H nyepovia nov optter thy avarmnpta ony Kamtadonxt xowavia ovyxpotettan ans ty opyavuet| eoloyfa tov a- XOPUKLOPOS, THY avBaipetn Weadoyta mg texpiKONOfnoNS nov 1 exijovyov ye tH peyoronotqon tg Suxzis vou xpos tooduvapet pe ayy weoloytey| voprponotjon pas ovyseKpt- pévyg ommxrfs yta TY Kowavia KaI Ig KOWOWKES axéoerS =Kat UY GppAY] anovopiponotjon tov GAkov omy. (Lukes, 1973, oeA. 149-50) 19 Michael Oliver EvoyerCoveag cory} ty ovvijrjoy pe thy avernpia, Sev ef- vat 9 WeoloyiKr{ KataoKeLr] tev ioKUTAY, atOMOTSY 1 opSoloyiKey cetSpov nov efvar onpavtiKi{. Teptoostepo elvan n KoTaoKEDH Toy Ket "Zick: To napatepe ané uy cMiqund pexégoaon ror épyou ans A Teeptigon (1973) foropenc Maousk, ABHvec OBvooeas pupp. T. Mudovénoc- og, ooh 87-88, 120 Hi Seohayi navaoxewr re avanpiog enrepupeperaxés, axprpsg eneibH oxertZovrar kot abAnhoe- Eoprsivrar o' avtyf ur ovyxexpipévn pedéry 1 xevrpucr| (op- yavixri) eoloyia tov atoptopod efver vmesBuvy yr THY Seoloyextj KataOKeLH Tov avénnpov atpov. H xataoKev- Af avn ouvteletton, efte @s avefBeon oro Ucays Odpa Ket vou efte «as Eva mpSPAnyar avyKeKprpEvo eMBoug Siapséoov “ays terpixonoinane tg avarmpias. Een ovvéxera Ga pe) “jooupe emotapévas tov tpdrovs He ToVs oTFo{oUs M}pe odpKa. Kou ood cevtr 1 tSeohoyiKt} KaraoKEDH}. H e€atopixevon Kat vatpuxomoinon tng avannpiag Me notous tpértovs oudy, 1 avarmpia éprave ve yiverat avin péoa and uy Keyepuxt] eoloyie tov aropiKi- oyo8 oc Eva cropxs nIpSBh|Ra, pnopet ver KoavonGet e- napKés, He THY avapOpE aug pEhétes tov Foucault Kau - Sraitepa omy peAgey tov yla tHY tpéha (Foucault, 1965). H orituxt] tov prropet ver S0Get meprnnTKd «og Eris: Avtuxetpevo tov epevvesy tov eivan axpipids 1 tSecr itt 1 «pe Aor eiver arvoptir} naBoloyia, apyytiKd pauw5pevo, ehérro- pa ov npénet ve SropGaber. Aver 4 éwoue ts wpEhas Sev ivan to enicevypia tou poxtarpixod opPoAoyiopoU. Efvot mie- proadrepo Ever aBvOET KaX fin OKOTIHO KOOKS npOtsy, Tov oXnpanoe 1g Péoes ya THY woxLarpURy. (Hirst & Woolley, 1982, ved. 165) 121 Michae! Oliver Tipdypor, yie tov Foucault, 1 yoxtarpuxr] as opyavopévn, enayyehparixi) Spaotapwsera.yiveren Sovers] HOvO dra (i) 1 1péla €xet peraoxnperiotet cats Bréapopes Koweovines &- Kupifoeis oe pra opowpopey KatHyopia HaBoloyfas, Kat Gi) 0 tpeldc Eyer anoxherotet and 11 qvorohoytxt] KoWor- xij Yor} Kor Eyer amopovobet ae ever ekerSixevpevo xe5po- Kevipixe onpeio oto emyetpnye tov, efvur du dev proper ver undpyet Kou oa tay tpEha, opts tRAY 18Ea tS «pH TPE Jag» ag Aoyurfs, xopts thy t8Ea tov apahoyou. ‘Ay ovvexiooupe avur um) oxéyn He avagopé omy ava- mnpta, t6re fowg va npéypaca va yévouv mo KexdéBapa. H évouc THs avarnpias os crop MABoAoyia: yiveren Bove “i povo Grav éxoupe pret w6éa ya THY atopURY} COT t+ xavémyta nov, éas SiagavyKe rapandve, owvdéerat Gpe~ oa pe thy dvo8o tov Kamtaouos Kot THY averTTEH TS oBours epyaotos, Fpw an’ avis t3 xpovuxr) otypE}, 1 ov- verogopé tov aréyov ouy oKoyévela, THY KoWSTATA, TY opdba, pe Spovs epyaotas, Hfrov onpavcux, napdho mov onpersvoveay Siapopés om ovveropopd tov KaBéva, Ka ovxva emBEMoviay Kupsioets: Ta Grope oF yevuxés yPoH- és Bev vpforavear caoxetops. Brov xamtrahops ovveBy axpiBic to crve(Bero, n evarmpta éytve atopy} HeBohoyler ot avémmpor Sev proposoay va avtanoKpiBosy ouig caer ijoeig tHg GLOpUAI|s pLoBwD|s epycofas Keu pROoporioay ve eheyxBouv pdvo Péow tov anoxietopot tors. Aon} 1 Stadixacia tov arroxdewopos StevxohsvOnke ans ay eotiaan ovo adpe tov anspor. Me thy GvoB0 tov Ka~ mraopoy 1 Kipia opG6a nov emxévepooe ty poud TS 122 H adeohoyen araoxeny rs avemeptas oto oSpa tay avti] nov eEaoxooe to tarpixs endyyehya. Kabddg ot ervetmpot Heer pépos ts StaSicaofas tow eMy- yoo pow tov amoxderopos, 1] vexpuxortofqon tS evannpe ‘ac ovvéOnxe pe thy dvoSo TOD LerrpiKos erayyEApartos Ket any evan mys “Bewpag vov naBoysvioy prxpoRley Yue “uy appdoner Kan ty aobEvecer Mia xhaouxr exxdver tov tatpiKov HoveEhou efvur Oempie Tov naBoySvev pucpofioy, ov aveAet emxerprfpars and TS emounpovxés atpixés pehétes 100 Pasteur xat tou Koch tov Béxaro Evaro cava. H Sovkerd rovs Kabiépode pus eMoT oma Bion orqy terrpuxr} Kas UyY expoBtave He KeNOTON syne] yvson, To tarpucé povrsio Bey evdiagépere: emipaxa ia Snrriyore ripslnyms, plas Kar mpooeyyet vo mOpANBE amg appdotias jié9w ths Bemplas way naBoySrow jrxpoplor, jponoia ompterar oe pac: yd apepparixy Kar eBelBuceN siden pope roxprxris mpaxcuas, H Bepla tov naBoyévev uxpofiioy Ffrav arhas pa epedpeon ts evpsvepns emotr powuaiig eiavdoraons om Buccapiave tarpusf, (Turner, 1987, oeA. 214) “Avni 1 mpoogyyion, Bacropévy meéven TO 1aTpIRG povee- Ao, ayvoet try epmerpta THs appcotias Ker napopedet Sn- -ujperta mpéhnypns. EmurAgov, om oSyxpovn Kowovia, Took: Aés and ug KGpies avopaAles Sev éxoLV yout] froxnptAt avcia # Sev avrastoxpivovtat ce tarpixés ayoyes. Tehtxd, vty 1) npooeyyton ayoet tHY emtppor| HOU pHOpet va E yoov otny rropeta ms aoBEveres Hapayovees KovktOspass Hh entpépovs xovhcodpes; Tapsto no avrés ot xprxeés efvat waootés 08 MOMOVG, efvat cAr|Ge1a Set oTOV exKoots aucsve 123 Michael Oliver Exoupe yiver péptypes prac avkavoperns rerprxornofjons “ns Kowaviag’ 1 ratpuxt Gpxtoe va pier Kat va xerpercr Eva OSKANpo ipdopa KetaoTéoE@Y Ke MpOPANPELOV NOV Lote Oa proposaay ver OewpnBosy Unr{pora OrK}s ¥f xowovirrs mpoéevons (Conrad & Schneider, 1980- Manning & Oliver, 1985). Asy undpxst Kaytee apeifolta éu 1 avennpta éyet 1a tpikonom@et. Or yratpot éxovv epmaxel pe KaBoproaxs ‘pdm ots Cots tov avénn pov and Tov KaBOpLOLS av éva. EuBpvo exe KGro10 petovérnpcr H 6yt, Expt 10 Béverro LO YEpSvIoV HOV Ady TPuKag EYouv anOKLfoEL KérOLA Hop@r avemnptac, Ze Kénores an’ avrés Tig nEpUTEoEIS 1) epmoxt{ tov yrotpod efvat evtelds anrapatent, Sos oc diéyvoon ms Plans, ty otaBeportofjan TS LeTpUEr|g KA ‘dotaons peré and tpawpe, tH Sepanteta appdotiag nov a- navréren aveFdptyta and aveumpies Kat ty mapoyy poor xajs arroxertdéoraons. Ot yratpot, Spas, epniAgKovean orqy aFtolsynon wg oSnyMTUKY|s uorStETEG, oH ovvtayoypa~ non avarnpudy Kapotasy, ctov KaBopIops «ys xopr- yong oKovopixcy emBopdeov, omy emdoyy} exrranBeun- KGv mapoxdy Ket om HETPRON KavsuTAG KoL Suversey- Tas epyaotas: oe Kays an avis nig nepuTTdsoeis Bev efvar Gpeoa gaveps Gu 1 atpixt} exnaievon Ker te atpuKd Mpoasvta KaPiotosy Tovs yLertpaus tar Mo KertAAAN Aa G10 Hat yta ig Mapandveo evépyeres. “Oxi pOvo avtd, aAAG Kon ropa o€ vées tatpiKés napasarprxés erdixduytes Sr109¢ OF puowBepanertés, or epyastoBepanevtés, 01 emoxéntes v- yetos, ot voooKSpor axk6 yin Kent 01 FBGoKovtes THY taTpIKK, 124 H sbeohoyon} naraoneny 1s avanpicg epyd¥oveen oe opyaveoers nov tepapyKé Kuptapyotvee a- 16 yrorpovs kat Exouv Soprfoet thy emayyelporixr TOUS ripaxtixa} oe évav A6yo Nov Bactetan oto vaTpIKs poveédo. Lagas undipyouy ovorcotiké KépSy and cevey} THY LaTpL- Konofqon mg avarmpias, prag Kor éxet avérfoet ta MOG0- ord ernBioons, éxer empnxtiver to mpooboxdspevo épro Yo- iis yta. sloMowg avénmpoug Kan Eyer Bor Oyjaet oto yer ant0- pevxOouv Keno1es KeraoréaEIG HOV Ga OBYOvOaY oTHY a vamnpia. AIAG 10 Uifuype, oto Télog Tov etKOoTOS ardva, Sey evar avr6 tov npoaBoxdpevon opfov ms Loris, aAAG oF npooboxtes ond ty Yor). Ee awts axpiBids to onpefo, Sha 8H, ony apurprUct Kan peprEt] OMTUKr] HOV oroxedet y LaTPL- xonoijon, €xet coxnoet xprtuc. To vetpiKs povtého us avamnpias Siver unépperpn Epperon, ouqy khwvuxt} Stéyvoon, 1 npaypernext] Poon TAS OMoKas, e yeu porpato va oBnyet oe pepuct ker apyrrtixr} Bécon tov a vénnpov. Tia va Katavorjooupe thy avamypta os epnerpte, os BO- 0a Karéoraon, xperaXépacte mols meproodtepa and ve 10 3piKé «yeyovdta», doo onapatente Kt ay efvar ved oTOV Ka Sopiops tHs puppHexetixtis ayoyrfs. To mpsPAnpa yiveren e- Yeov6tepo Stay or yertpot anowpaattovv dy HSvO to 60s eS ayoyis (edv 9 eyoyt, BqAad, efvar 9 xoTGAAMAM), GAAG ent ons Kau to efb05 mys Garis tov 8a yjoet to GtoHO MOL even a- yérnpo. (Brisenden, 1986, oe. 173) “Evor, ofjpepa, 1 weepixonoitjor ws KeONpEpLN|s Loris efver yeyovds yia THY meron gfe. tov HOVOHOS, OAAG Kar Tv avérnpov avapeaé ToVs, ey ouvéxerct Oct peheryBel to 125 Michael Oliver dg Npokkvipe avTS to parvspero yevinG Kat eX5iKG, SooV apopé thy avannpia. Na va SeuxohvvGospe 0” vey uy pe- Rémy Ba emtorpéiyoupe oro 1otopuns mAaforo nov crveerts- xOnKe anid tov Abrams (1982) xen ovtqtfOnxe oro pon youpevo Kepalaio, evoparsvovtas uig Bewpies tg Sia- gations, THs avayKeuduntas, mAs Bpdons Ke IHS EEOvotas yg npévouas. Ocewpieg vatpuxomoinong H Gewpia ms Sragauons ya mY tatpixonoiqon vmot]- piZet Su n exprxonoijon efven ovvénera tg Hpossou THs emonipys Kon ts eEEMENs tov avOpomouxey Wey. S6p- qova paver my eppnveta, 1 rarpiKonotqon Seopettar oe peyGho BaOpS evepyerucr} Kau mpooBeuttxt, Ko0ds Cepa- neger tov aaGevii, Sev tPOpet tov aPEptAs, odte otepet uy ehevOepia and tov eykAnporta. Kr eves xérut této10 ep- gaviteron «og npoodevuxd, n Oepaneta Bev Busveran Berixct Katt OL ovvénetes TNS LaTpIKK}s enIKeTOMOM|ONS efver KaBOpt- ouxé apyqtixés. Yndpyouv avespopés yr’ aut oxenKé pe uy enthyyto: Ma®ape moAAd yiee ty emqyta tic nptres Sexaeries av10s tov auciver xen cog cmoréhegpe aves THs yvGaNG, OL yterpOt a néxujoay Kalvtepo éheyxo Tov emAnmTUKOd status (L6vO KE- motes gopés 0 enthnircixds Kervarfyet o€ Kpioets). ‘Opes, 1 & mOvpia yie éAeyyo mS cobéveras pariveren Set GopPaber pe ‘yy emOvpice yre eyo tov avérmpov. “Exot, or enthynriKot 126 H sbsohoy xaseonerd rye svamptas kar BonSfOnKav Ghhé Kar UypsOnKav’ opes{Onxav oro Babys nov n Béyvoon ms appsotiag e%ver axpiBifs Kar Mc yor efvan 4 xaddtepry SqPUGENKeY oto BAbRS TOV, «os nPS- cone, onypariorKay Ka KOWOVIKG atloHOVEanKAY... Xpewdornxay Sexaeries Sovketds, nov pépos ts Bev éxer te Dewsoet axdpn, yua ve Gradvbos KémTores ans 11g KoTaBOVA arenes Kowovunts emdpéoes ts aarprxris Siabuccofagy via may emAnyia, Ken ve anoxerrcoradet 0 emdgireurds ocny xowovua] 8¢on mov anohdpBave npw n appsotta 100 yivet xeravorrn}, Akosyetan, Aounsv, napaSoko, aAAG 6,tt efvat Ka AS yser uy emthnyyta pirtopet ve py efven eS yuee tov em mruxé, (Szasz, 1966, 0€A. 3) “Eyovtas kad vou ta napandve, onyospaate eneyo- yee om Seopicrtys avayxenéeqtas yia THY texprKONOt|ON, 1 onofa roviger thy aveyxn va Tebet THEN oer vEe. Fropnya- ‘vixi} Kowavia: Kat neplypagel tov TpdTIO YE Tov orTofo 1 10~ xpi] gywe 0 xépiog Heoohafintys oF avty 1H Staduxcotee kowavixos ehéyxoo (Zola, 1972). Aun} n Geopta exer 5v0 mevpés’ n pte avrperoniter my tetpixyf og pa aveBépry “ry KOWOVIKH] KaH EOAOVIKY] SdvapIN KaL Ny GAAN OG TOV He- cohaByu} TS dpyovocs Kamrakorueis xéE|S Nov avp- BéMeL om «voptpono{on tov Kamrahopos (Navarro, 1976). H otvSeon vorpixonoijong Kat KoWwoVIKOS zAEyXOU Béoer tov napandve oxermxos, éxer aovapiies, enerdi v- noompiter én prropet ver undpket éva aSorn pe KoWovIKOS AA€yyou , 1] Kupapxta, Brha- Sif, too tetpiKos enayyéAparos oto optops Ken oxo XeIpT- on6 Kowovixdy garvopévov. H ovyxexpypérg Geopia bev efqyel tous tpénous pe ous orofous emrfAGe cry 1 enttoxtar tov LaTpLKOS er1ayyEA- patos Ye THY KaTdaERON avEs THs Keptapyns OFons. H Ovykexpipévn eppnvela avabviern Kuptos and 1 Sepia 128 Hf weohoyne naanxeuy ns avanpiag ays efovotag mg tonprKonotjans. YuEpxovy tovkGyworov pers exSoyés cwn}s rns Oewplas; 3 npr onocepHer Sut cour 1 xuptapyta éxer emrevyBet eFarriag tH averepomy- eas Tyg tertpIKtig WGONS (KaBds Eyer emotpovrRt} Bon) oe avifOeon pe GAhar efBn yvGons’ n Gestepy woxupierar d- wy G€0n eEovorac éxer xervoucry Get enerby 10 terrprxé endy- yelna rfrav nos KaAG opyavopévo Kar Katetye avéKadev -ac OéaeIs eEovotas om yparperoxparicr—avandonaoro TA} par tov e€opBooytopos ts Koweovias’ 1 tptmy Biver Eppa- ‘on, org oxEoeg avapeca ovo Lerpixd endyyehper Kat TY xamtrahortki dpxovac 148, ‘Ay Kaveis eEerdoet, avrés us eppnvevtixés ewpies Xo pioré, Ba Sramorsoe Sui mpoopepovr pic pEpriy Bechpr- on yg Brabucaotas rs waxpKoMosjons. Xopts aprBonla 1 rarprxortofjon Siapopponxe and thy EE ou ext- ormmpovext) ker verspuc yvson, am6 thy arveyn Yio THO c1O- TeAeoPOTUKEs Kon avaNdgeDKTES POPPE KOIVEVIKOS EEY- Yoo, ar16 10vs aysives avepeoe oe Kowwoovuxds opaBes Ken o- 6 1H Soptt Kan Tig Béoets TOV LETPGY OTHY tepapxta THs & Rovoiag, Avis nov anopéver efvat nj Snprovpyicr pias Gee plag nov va evooparéver Sha avtd ta otorxeia’ Tow va & navervonparobotet my tarprxt] nape Ban «5 KoWwoviRd &- eyo, THY texptxr] ywidon os eoloyia KaBKds Ken tH O6V- Seon avtay tov B60. Tipw emyerprjooupe Spos va Grerve- néooupe pic téro1a Beopia, xperdZeren va emonpavoupe to yeyouds Gut Myor avyypagpers Exouv mpoorradijaet ver BN yrjoowy to Sfrpar ths tarprkonofjons THs avarmptos. Evo vndpxet pra yevixeds avOnpy) BrBhoypapia yea uy 129 Michael Oliver Lertpikonofijon Tov KoWoVUKGY pOPApETa, AfyES TIpO- ondees éxouv yiver ya va owt Get n romprconoion tS evarmpiog, efte ota totopiKé efte ora oxsovta ovpPpALS- neva. Ké8e popé nov 9 cavarinp(e pehercren, Sey appopin- ‘efron 1, Koprapyfa tov tarprKod povtélou Kat, oMKévtG, OF epynvetes yo TY Hapoyy] terptxcv umpeorsy Senepvosv 1 Geapla Uys Suupeonons ya cqV MPsvora. Ee cord erepr~ fess 10 onpreto npénter ver onperdooupe Bvo eEaipgoeis, 1100 evrontoape om BiBhioypapic. H porn art avtds epnepexerat om Sovherd ts Stone (1985), 1 ortofe an08(Get atovs prarpots vo pho tov «nps- Ovpov tpaepradwon. H Stone (1985) vnoompéet du ke anyopfa tng avarmptag hertoupyet Siaxpivovtas tous av- Spstiovs orm Béon S80 cvoTHBsTOY KaTyyopLoHOHoNs, “ing epyaotag Ken mys averyKns. Me avidy tov tpén0 opGer Kat og aneipateney thy Katavopy] NapoxGy, Gove vor crvee- eEEABet 0 GUTS 10 KOIWOVIKS KaBY}KOV. AvES enttEbXONKE Grew 1 avarmnpte éywve pra xAwvuer{ Ewvore Kar Etat, 0 pdhos ov KETAVERNTH HEPOXGY B4GNKE oro Lerrpucd eméyyeAncr ‘Opes, 1 moxonoiqon THs avanmptas Fray Eva! KaBrfKOV TOY to & néyye\pa Bev Bede ver avedfer. Ot neproasrepor yrarpot niorevav Gut tarpuks emonrfpin Sev etye TY 1KeGUHEOL Vet E+ -xnyifoet tqy avermpfe xen Set vroBErHON TOV PSROV MLETO- nofnjons 6c Sqstoupyosoe tepdoties evecors aveipecd. 070K jyexpovs xan tovs aoBevets xors, (Stone, 1985, oeA. 112) Evtosrors, and my owypit ov éywe gaveps Sui y rocpt- Ki] movortofqjon, Oc antoteAosce To pHXeMOpS Kecavopis 130 Hi seohoyan warcoesur ne avanpiag napoxsv, to endyyelpa avéhafee vo pAXo, ans +o POR StL ev Sev tov avarhGBet, 11 xvpEpynon Oa E_provpyose Kye csp yterpav 1100 (ous Oa exvrayonrZérav ty entayyehpor ‘ux to0vs iSeHEA ‘Ay xat efvan adr{Oeta Ger ovyKexpypéver 8puTtKS péhn, ang Apepicamxris Terpuxifg “Evwons (American Medical Association) apvosvray ya 1a ovyKexpipévn XpovuRd] HEP E 080 va avahéBouv avrdv 10 pSo, ei51K6 Goov axpopd HY avannpta, Bev jutopodpe Va toxvpiorospe To *ro year TO > errpixs endyyehpe oto a6vOAS tov: to orrofo, Ts PlopN|X- vuxés Kowavies, eke apodpH emBuyic: yneprahopos, xopling, o€ Ges terpixés

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