2012

1.1

1. -


. +3 +2 = +5
+3 -2 = +1
-3 +2 = -1
-2 -3 = -5

, = + . 3= +3

2. , -
(+) ,
(-)

. +3(+5) = +15
+3(-5) = -15
-3(+5) = -15
-3(-5) = +15

3. ( )
( , , )
. 3x +2 = ( x )
5x2-4x = ( x2 x)
6x2+3 = ( x2 )
3x + y = ( x y)
2+3 = ( )
3x +7x = 10x
2 x2-5 x2= -3x2
8 -3 = 5

x
1x = 1x = x
0x = 0x = 0
x + x = 2x
x x = x2
x x2= x x x = x3
2 3x = 6x
3x 4x2 = 12x3

4.
.

A=3+4-7-8+4-6-7+1-5+6+2-4
(+), (-) ( )

A=3+4+4+1+6+2-7-8-6-7-5-4
(+, -) ,

A=3+ 4 +4+1+ 6 +2-7-8- 6 -7-5- 4

(+) (+), (-) (-)
= +10 - 27

= -17
2

. , x2, x,

B= 3x-5x 2 +6-3x-7-2x+5+7x 2 -5x-2+4+5x 2 +6x 2 -3x-8x 2 -4-6x-11-4x

x2, x, ( )
( )

B= -5x 2 +7 x 2 +5x 2 +6x 2 -8x 2 +3x-3x-2x-5x-3x-6x-4x+6-7+5-2+4-4-11

B= + 7x 2 +5x 2 +6x 2 -5x 2 -8x 2 +3x-3x-2x-5x-3x-6x-4x+6+5+4-7-2-4-11

(+, -) ,

B= + 7x 2 + 5x 2 +6x 2 -5x 2 -8x 2 + 3x -3x -2x-5x-3x-6x-4x+6+5+ 4 -7-2 -4 -11

(+) (+), (-) (-)

B= + 13x 2 -8x 2 -20x +11-20

( x2, x, )

B= + 5x 2 -20x-9
, ( )

5.
(-) ,
(+) .
. (3x3-5x+4y-2+3)= -3x3+5x-4y+2-3
+ (5x3-4x+8-3x2 +9)= +5x3-4x+8-3x2 +9
6.

( )
( )
( , )

5 x 2 7 x) 6 10 x 2 14 x ( , ( ) -2)
. 2(3
x 2 3 x x 3 ( )

= 2( x 2 3 x x 3) 2 x 2 6 x 2 x 6

-2

( , ,
)

2
2

3 3x 4 3 3 x 2 3 x 4 42 3(9
x 2 24 x 16) 27 x 2 72 x 48

( , ,
)

7.

a

...

0 1

30 1

51 5

2 '' '' 72 7 7 49
3 '' ''

: 2 ( 2 ) 2
2

33 3 3 3 9 3 27
-32= -9 , (-3)2= +9

1
1
, 7 1

7
1
1
1
1
1

. 43 3

4
4 4 4 16 4 64

8.

( )

.
1.
2.
3. -

4 23 8 : 2 2 61 : ( 3) 42 : 2 62 : 7 0 52 33 : 91 7 : 20
2

4 8 8 : 4 6 : (3) 16 : 2 36 :1 25 27 : 9 49 :1

32 2 2 8 36 25 3 49

32 8 36 3 49 2 2 25

(+) (+), (-) (-)

128 29 99

.
(1-2-3) ,

( 1-2-3)

2(31 7 : 20 ) 7 2 6 : 2 2 52 22 3 42 : 8 4 5 4 4 3 2 5 6 : 4 5 : 5
2

2(3 7 :1) 49 6 : 2 2 25 2 2 3 16 : 8 20 4 12 3 6 : 4 5 : 5
2

2(3 7) 49 3 50 22 3 2 20 16 3 6 : 4 5 : 5
2

2(4) 3 50 49 22 5 4 3 6 : 4 5 : 5
2

2(4) 53 49 22 5 4 3 6 : 4 5 : 5
2

2(4) 4 22 5 4 3 6 : 4 5 : 5
2

2(4)16 4 5 4 3 36 : 4 5 : 5
128 20 12 9 1
12 9 128 20 1
21 149 128

. , ,
()
. ( )
( , , )

2 3 x 2 x 3 x 7 x x 4 x 2 2 3 2 x 1 4 x 3 x 5 x

2 3 x 2 x 21x 3 x 2 x 4 x 2 2 6 x 3 4 x 3 x 5 x
2 3 x 2 x 42 x 6 x 2 2 x 8 x 2 2 6 x 1 x 3 x 5 x

6 x 4 x 84 x 12 x 2 4 x 16 2 x 4 2 6 x 2 18 x x 3 5 x x 2
4

 6 x 4 x 84 x 12 x 2 4 x 16 2 x 4 12 x 2 36 x 2 x 6 5 x x 2
, x2, x,

12 x 2 12 x 2 x 2 6 x 4 x 84 x 4 x 2 x 36 x 2 x 5 x 16 4 6
(+) (-), x2 , x,

12x 2 x 2 12 x 2 6 x 84 x 4 x 4 x 2 x 36 x 2 x 5 x 16 4 6
(+) (+), (-) (-),

x 2 90 x 53x 26
x 2 37 x 26

9.

, a

a
7
. 7
1
1

, .
( ).

2 5 2 5 10

1,
, ,

3 7 3 7 21

2 5 2 7 2 7 14
( )
. :
3 7 3 5 3 5 15
2
(
. 2 5 3 2 7 14
,
:

)
3 7 5 3 5 15
7 , (/)
(+),(-) ,
2

6 2
2 7
7 5 2 2 3 7 6 5 4 21 30 4 21 30 4 30 21 34 21 13
5

3 2
3 2 1 2 3 3 2 6 1 6 6 6
6
6
6
6

10.
, , .

. 2 3 =
2
2
,

3,
5

5
2 3 =

5
2
5
3

2 3 2 8 2
3 6 3 4 3
3 5 3
2 4 3 12 6

3 7 2 7 6

3 32 9 3
2

0 0,

1 1,

9 3 , .... ,
2

6 7 42

4 2
64 8

3 2 3 2 9 2 18
2

 -
-
1. ,
.
.
.

. ..
. .

. ..
.
. ..
1 = (-1)
.
.
.
.
1 = 0 = 0.
0
1
1
2. :
2 1 1 1 1

) 1 :
3 4 2 3 6

) 2 3,1 2(5 3,2 4) 4( 2 1,6)

3. :
2
5
5
3 2
3
1

6 )
6
) 3
) 4 3
4
1
3 2
11
2

1
3
2
4 3
3 4

1 1 5
1 5
) 2 : 1
4 2 6
3 6
)5 ( 2 7,5 4) : 0,5 1,2( 2,1 3,5 4,6)

3 4 5 4

4 5:6 5
3 4 5 4

4 5 6 5

2 1

) 3 4
2 5

3 6

1 1

4 5
2
3
5

4. -7x+(-4y+2x)-(3x-5y)
x=-3, y=-4. -12x+(-9y+4x)-(x-7y)
x=-2 y=-5.
5. = -1 + = 7
:
1 = -2 + 2 +5 +5
2 = 4 . ( + + 5) - 20
3 = 2 + 3 - 5 + 7 + 2 +5

4 = + + 8 3 + 4
5 = +

6. .
2
3
1
( ) ( )
3
5

2
=
:
=
: (5)
2 : (3 2) 2
3 2
7
14 7
1 7
2

2 :

3 3
4004

1
3
=
1
1
1
1
3
2 (2) (5) (10) : (2) (3) 2 1 4
=

:
2

2
3
6:
3
2

7. :
5 + 2 - 5 + 1 =
.: 5 + 1 .: 5 .: 45 + 1 .: 5 .: 5( + 2):( + 1)
43 + 3 - 103 + 2 = .: -63 + 1 .: -63 + 5 .: -632 + 5 .: 183 + 2 .: 23 + 2
4 + 2 +6(-2)2 + 1 = .: 22 + 1 .: (- 2)2( + 1) .: 422 + 1 .: (-2)2 .: (-2)2 + 1
8. 5x 5 , o x . .
.: 1
.: -1
.:
.:
.
x

9. 1 , ;
.: = .: + 0
.: = 0
.: 0 = -

10. 0 , : ()2 =
2 2

.: 3 .:
.: 2
.

.: 3

11.
)

(1) 7 (3) 3 14 (2) 6

22
32

2

3

1
1
3
)
:
3
1
5
1
5
(1) 1 2
2

12. N
1
1
=36(- )2-3-2 9 +-3+2(-1)3] (2)3 =23+81(- )3-2-3 24 +[ (2) 2 8 5 ](-2)3
2
3
1
=18( )2-2-2 4 +-3-2(-1)3] (2)3
= (1520.810.27-5):(1019.125)
3
1
3
13. = , = , =-1
2
2
3
2

= 2
:
2
2 2

14. =-2 +=6

0 0
) 2 2 ( 2 ) 2
) (-2-3)0:(-1+-1

15. .
1

1
1
=8 9 5 , =(3 ) +3 : 9+3 3 -2 3 , = 32- ,
4
64
2

4 2

10

12
1 4
1
= +310 9-1+ 81-1
3
3

2 7 105 ( x) 4 y 8 58 8 2
103 2 18 ( 5)10 y 2 x 4 8 1

16. :
1
A=
x

6 x

1
x

5 x x
3

x 3

x=-3

17. x=-

1
1
y=-1 z= =-6x2-2y-3+4z-1
2
3

18. x=-

1
1
y=-1 z= =-4x3+5y-2-2z
2
3
2

19. N : A=(-2 ) : 2 =-1 ,=2, =1.

2

3 3

20. x :
) 4

3 x 2 x

=1 , ) 2

x1

1
=
2

8
9
, )
, ) 2x =2x
4
27

21. x .
i) 3 =3 3
16

4x+1

x+2

22 x 2 , y 3 2 3

1
-x+3
=27 iv) 8 =1
9

ii)(0,2) 5 =125 iii) (-3)

-3

x y

x + y , , x , y , 1
-1

-1

23. : [ 9 32 3

27 ] (3 2)3 27 1 , , .

.
24. , : 2 2 3 22 .
25. .
.
) :
1 .
2 .
3 .
.

) 1m
6,25 cm.
) 10
2-9 m.
26.

A

-13

2
2 3 3
3 2 2
y (x y ) (x y )
4 3 4
(x y )

(x3 y)3 (x2 y 3 )1

(x3 y 2 )3 (xy 3 )2

x = (-10)2

y = -106 .

x = (-2)-3

y = - 23

2 2 3
1 2 4
(x y ) (x y )
5 2 3
3 1 2
(x :y ) (x y )

3 3 4
) x
2 3 2 6
(y : x ) : y

x = 2-2

(x

-2

:y

x = 105

y = (-0,1)-2

y = -44

(x-3 :y 2 )1 x
y 6 :(x2 )2

= - 33 y = 3-3

27. : ) 0,04 .... ) 225 ... ) 106 .... )

16 .....

28. :
) 0,02 0.08 .... ) 2003 2003 ... )

a5
.... )
a

16
200 .....
2

29. :
a x , ..

a 2 a

a 0

a 0 a a .......
x 0 5 x x 2 .......
x2=5 x 0 x=.
x2=5 x<0 x=.

a 2 a ,

a 2 .......

.......

30. :
7
1 75
200
12 5
)6
)
)x
)
2
9
5 16
x
15
)

12 5 6
80 2

)10

x6
25

x 0

31. :
7 32
1) 5 320 2)

3)3 8 4 5 2 90
8
7
5)

32
50

6)

63
28

7) 48 75

4)5 8 7 6 2 12

8)8 28 5 63

10

32.
1)6 8 3 50 9 98

8)3

5) 24 6 30 54 : 3 2

2 5 3 4 2 3

3 5 3) 3 1 24 4) 3 2
6)5 2 5 2
7)8 3 8 3
3 11
5
3 9)
:
10) 2 8

2) 5

3 2

2 98 7 22

33. N : A=

54
6

60
15

34. . : i) 3 5 4 20 5 45 , ii) 8 24 2 54 3 150

35. N = 24 2 10 2 6 40
= 18 4 2 8 162 .
36. 1 2 1 3
32-6+3=22-4+2.

37.
9 5
12 3
20 5
5
)
)
)
)
15
3
10
2 1
38. :
10
12 12 2
35 2
1)
2) 24
3)
16
2
3
2 2

4)

4
2 3

39. :
4
1 4
1
A= 2
: 1 : 5
1
5 3
5
3

25
3
, y=1, z :
16
4
3z 4
x y xy
x z2

40. x

x y

41.
1) x=4

x 3

3x 1

2) x=-2.

11

42. :
A=

6 5

6 5

20 4

, B=

20 4

43. N :
A= 13 7 3 1 , B= 5 10 31 25 , =
44. :

45.

6
5 3

32

2 6

25 2 10 2 2

5 3 0.

2 3 2=4

=-2.
46. ,
) 3 2
) 3 32 2

47. :

= 1 43 31 15 100 18

4
3

12

9 1, 5

48. , , 3 300 , 90 , 1

49. 5 ,
: = ( 2 )3 125

50. x y 2012 .

2012

6 10x 2 4x y 3

2 x
3 x z 3 y z

1
2y
3

(: -2012)

12

51.

:
= (200 + 196 + 192 + + 8 + 4 ) (198 + 194 + 190 + .+ 6 + 2) (... 1999)

3 , :

2 3
4 3
=
,
=

3 4

52. , :
=

53. :

1 1 1

54. : A=
5

, x=(-10)

x 4 y 2 x 1 y 2

x2y

x y

y3

y=10 .

2 3 1 3 2

55. : A=

3
3

, ,

56. , , : 2 = 2 + 2.
: 2 2 2 2

57.

3x y
x 2 2y 2
. ( 3)
5 ,
2x 2y
xy

58. A

16 2

81

8
2 2 8 , 7.
2

13

59. , ,
A 49 2 4 2 2 . ( : =7)

60.

2 2

61. :
1
1
1
=

1 2
2 3
3 4
1
1
1
1
1
=

.......
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
99 100

62. 5 ,

A (x x 2 )3 125

63. :
=

2 2 2 2 2 2
0

2 1

7.

14

1.2

1.
, ,
().

, ,
.
( )

:
,
,
,

2.

,
.
.
.
(), .

, .

15

 ( ),
,
.. 35z, x, y,
z, 9
( 3+5+1=9).

, ,
.. 02

, .
. 34 -74 , 32 , 32

, .
.. 332 -332

3.
,
.
.. 3+2 = .......,23 -73 = ....... , 22+32 .
, .
, ,
.

,

.
.. (223)(-3564z) = ........................

, ,
. ( ).

16

 -
1.
3x 2 z
) : =
, =-3,1y2z3, =2x3z, =4xz, =-3,14y2z3.
4
:
. , ,
. ,
. ,
. ,

) -x2 :
. x
. -x
. 1
3

) 2 (22) :
5

6
6
6
. - 2
. - 422
. - 422
5
5
10

. -1.

) -234 4 :
.
. .
.

2. ; ( , ;)

3+ , 37 , 2-1 ,
, (+1) , 4

3. ,
.
3 . 22 , 32 ,
4. 4
34 , 42 , -434 , 534 , 62 , -44 , 43 , -43
5. ,
) 23+53

) 23+63 ) 45-75 ) 35+42

) 2+2

) 2+

) +3

) 2-

) 4+34
) 34-44

) 22-22
) 3-33

6. .
) 34-23+52-4+32+4

) 22+32+5-322+22+52-422-

7.
17

) (22)(-52)

) (35)(442)

) (-2)(-4)

) (-3)(2)

8. :

x
y

4x3y6

-3xy2

1 4 7
xy
3

2 x4

-
9. 2 x 2 y 3 3x y .
, , :
i)
ii)

10. 3

1 1 2
3
1 2 4
x y
x y

2
2

, , :
i)
ii)
iii)
1

11. 2x y 3x y .
, .
2

12. . x=-2 x4+x2+1

. x=-2 x2-3x+4
. x=-2 x3+1
. x=7 3+x+ x 2
13. ,

A 3x4 y 2 1 8x 2 y 3

18

1.3
1.4

1.
, ,
.
, ,
.
( )
(
).

.. 2x3 + x2 +-7 P(x) Q(x) A(x)
,
,
. .. 23+32-5+7
( 23 ),
(. 7).
,
.

4x5 y 3 2x6 y

B 3x 4 2x 2 x 1

19


, .

(2-)x3 - 5x2 + 3x+ 1 x2 + x + 1 , = 2 = -5 ,=3

2.

( ) ,
.
, .
.
.

:
.

A(x) = 5x3 - 3x2 - 7x - 1 B(x) = 3x3 - 2x2 + x

:
A(x)+B(x)

= (5x3 - 3x2 - 7x - 1) +
(3x3 - 2x2 + x) =
= 5x3 - 3x2 - 7x - 1 + 3x3 - 2x2 + x =
8x3 - 5x2 - 6x - 1.

)
(
)

A(x)-B(x)

= (5x3 - 3x2 - 7x - 1) - (3x3 - 2x2 + x)

= = 5x3 - 3x2 - 7x - 1 - 3x3 + 2x2 - x =
=2 x3 - x2 - 8x - 1.

20

3.

,
.

3x2(2x3 + 7x) = =3x22x3 + 3x27x = 6x5 + 21x3

,
.

2x

xy 2 2x 2 x 2 2x2 xy 2x2 2 y x2 y xy y 2

2x 4 2x 3 y 4x 2 x 2 y xy 2 2y

,

.

-
1.
) 5x2-3x3+5-(7x2-2x+1)
:
. -2x2-3x3+6-2x
B. 5x2-3x3+5-7x2-2x+1
2
3
2
. 5x -3x +5-7x +2x-1
. -
) (+)(-) :
. +-
. -
. -+-

. +++

2. (), ()
.
) P(x) 2 Q(x) 4,
P(x)Q(x) 8.
) P(x)Q(x) 6 P(x) 3,
Q(x) 2.

3. ;
A 2x 4 4x 3

1
x

, A x 3 y 2x 2 y 2 3x

1
2

, x 4 4x 3 2

21


4. ,
) 23-4+
) 2-45+26-4+-3
) 23+33 422+-+1
5.
) (+3) ) 3(-2) ) 4(2-4)
) 23(2-3)

) 4(3-32+4-2)

6. ,
.

) (x-3)(x+2)
) (x+3)(x+3)
) (2+1)(3-2)
) (x2+5x+1)(x-2)
) (x-3)(x+2)(x-5)

) (x2-1)(x2+1)
) (x2-3)(x+2)
) (3-3)(2+2-4)
) (x2+4x-1)(3x2-6x-2)
) 2x(x+3)(x-4)

) (2x+3)(3x+4)
) (x2+1)(x-2)
) (2+-3)(+2)
) (3x2+1)(4x-2)
) (2x-1)(4x+2)(x-1)

7. : 3x 2 5x 3 x 4x 2 2x 2 6 2x2 5x

8. : 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2

9. : 2 2 2 2 2

10. : 2x 2 8 x 3 x 2 2 3x 1 2x 2 x 1

11. =x2-2x+1, B=2x2-3, =-x3+5x2-2.

) 2 ) . x=-1
12. x 2x x 2 3 Q x x 2 5x 8 .

N P x Q x , 3 P x 4Q x P x Q x 2

13. : 3 2 2 5 4 2 3 8

14. :

3x x 2 1 4x 2 x 2 4 x 2 1

15. :

3x x 2 5 4x 2 x 2 x 2 4 x2 2x

x x3 x2
1
1
16. : x 2 1 5x
3 4
2
2
2

22

17. A 3

1 1 2
3
1 2 4
1
x y 2 B 2 x y
2

, , , .
3
2
18. A x 3 6 x 2 x 1 x 3

B x 2x 2 3x 2 . , , , .
19. Q x, y 2x 1y 2 3x 2 y 1 x 2 2 .
,
.
20. x x 3 4x 2 3x 1 Q x x 4 2x 2 3
:
) P x Q x
) P x Q x
) P x
) P x P x

) Q 2x

) 2P x 3Q x

) P x Q x

) P 1 Q 1

21. P x 1 x 3 2x 2 3x 4
) P x
) 1
) 1 , P 2 P 2

22. P x 2 2 x 4 2 4 x 3 2 2 x 2 x 3
) P x
) , P 0 2012
) 0
) 1 , P 1 P 1
23. x x 2 x 1 Q x x 2
:
) P 2 Q x 2 2
) P x Q x 2 x 2
) P 2 Q 2x 1 P x

2
24. P(x) x 3 2x 1 , Q( x ) x x 1 H( x )

: Q( x ) H( x ) P( x ).
. x .
. x . .
. A x P(P( x)) A 1 0

23

1.5

1.

.
.
:

1. (+)2 = 2 + 2 + 2
2. (-)2 = 2 - 2 + 2
3. (+)(-) = 2 - 2
4. (+)3 = 3 + 32 + 32 + 3
5. (-)3 = 3 - 32 + 32 - 3
6. 3+3 = ( + )(2 - + 2)
7. 3-3 = ( -)(2 + + 2)
8. (++)2 = 2+2+2+2+2+2

2.
2 + 2 = ( + )2 - 2
2 + 2 = ( -)2 +2
3 + 3 = ( + )3 - 3( + ).
(2 + 2)(x2 + y2) = (x + y)2 + (y - x)2

( Lagrange).

24

 -
1.
) (2x-3)2 :
. 4x2+9
. 4x2-9

. 2x2+9-12x

. 9+4x2-12x

) (--)2 :
. 2-2+2 . 2+2+2 . 2+2-2 . -2-2-2
1
1
=4 x2+ 2 :
x
x
. 16
. 4
.18
. 14

) x+

) (++)(-+) :
. 2+2-2 . (+)2-2 . 2+2+2-2 .
) T (-x-y)(x-y) :
. y2-x2
. x2-y2
. x2+y2

1
) 4x2+ -2x :
4
1

. 2x
2

. 2x
2

) (x-y)3 :
. (y-x)3
. (x+y)3

1
. 4x +
2

. (-x-y)3

) (x+y)2 x2+y2:
.
.

. [x+(-y)]3

. x=y=0

. x=0 y=0

2. (), ()
.

) x 1 x 2 1
2

)
) 2 2
2

) x y x 3 3x2 y 3xy 2 y 3
3

) 2x 3 2x 3 32x 2 3 32x32 33
3

) 3x 1 3x 3 3x 1 3 3x 12 13
3

25

3. , .
2

8. (+2) =

9. (4-3) =

15. (+2) =

10. (+3)(-3) =

16. (-1) =

11. (2-1)(2+1)=

17. (3-2) =

12. (4-3)(4+3)=

18. (/2-3) =

1. (+3) =

2. (-2) =
3. (+1) =
4. (+2/3) =
5. (+1/) =
2

6. (/3+/2) =
2

7. (2-3) =

13. (-2/)(+2/)=
14. (/2-/3)(/2+/3)=

4. :
2
) 3x 2 4 2x 1 2x 1
) 2x y 2 x y (x 2 xy y 2 )
3

5. :
1.
2.
3.
4.

(x - 3)2 + (2x -1)2

(x2 + 1)2 - (x2 - 5)(x2 + 5)
(x + y)2 - (2x - y)(2x + y) + (2x y)2
(x - 4)2 + (x + 4)2 - 2(3x - 1(3x +1)

5.
6.
7.
8.

( + 1)3 + ( - 1)2
( -2)2 - ( + 2)(2 - 2 + 4)
(2 + )3 - (2 - )3
(4 - 1)3 - ( + 1)( - 1)

6. :
( - .) = 2 - .. + 2
( - .) = 3 - .. +.. 3
( + .) = 2 + .. + 2
( + .) = 3+ .. +.. + 3
( )(. + .) = .. - ..
3 3 = (. - ..)(.. + .. + ..)
3 + 3 = (. + ..)(.. - .. + ..)

7. :
(2 + 5)2
(2 + 5)2
(2 + 5)2
(2 + 1)2 2
x5 3

3
5

( 4)2
(1 3)2
(3 2)2
(3 2)2
3
2

4
3

26

8. ( + )( ) = 2 2:
( + 3)( -3)
( 1)( + 1)
(2 - 5)(2 +5)
(1 3)(1 + 3)
(2 + 5)(2 5)
(3 2)(3 + 2)
2
2
( + 1)( 1)
(3 2)(3 + 2)
x5 3 x5 3
3 2
3
2

3 5
3
4 3
4
3
5
9. :

( + 1)3
(2 + 3)3
( + 5)3
(2 - 1)33
1

x
x

( + 2)3
(1 + 3)3
(3 2)3
(3 2)3
3
1

10. :
2
1

(- + 5)2
(-2 - 5)2
(1002 - 1)22

x
x

(-1 )2 2
3 x

x 3

( )2

11. ( + )( ) = 2 2:
( + 3)( -3)
( 1)( + 1)
(2 - 5)(2 +5)
(1 3)(1 + 3)
(2 + 5)(2 5)
(3 2)(3 + 2)
(2 + 1)(2 1)
(3 2)(3 + 2)
x5 3 x5 3
3 2
3
2

3 5
3
4 3
4
3
5

12. :
8x3 - . + . 27 = (.. - )3
1 + .. + .. + 33 = ( + ..)3
646 - .. + .. 9 = (. - )3

13. 2 2 =( )( + )
:
= 2002 1902 =
= 1112 - 112 =
2
2
= 47 43 =
= 7,552 2,452 =
27

14. :
2
2
4

3 3 3
3

3 3 3
3

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2

15. ) :
2
i) 2 2 2 2 2 2
ii) 2 2 2 2 2 2
2

) :
2
2
A x y z x y z
B x y z x y z
2

16. :
) a
4

2
2

9 3
3 3
)

4
2 2
3

3
3
2 2 27
3 3
)


27
2 2

1
1

) 4

) x y y z z x x 2 y 2 z 2 x y z
2

) 3 3 3
3

3 3

8 3
3

) 8
2

17. :
i)
ii)

2 2 2 2
2

2 2 2
2

28

18. :
2
2
i)
1 2 x x x 1 2 3 x 2 3 x
ii)
iii)
iv)

2 2
3

1 x 1 x x 2 2 x 1
2 x 1 2 x 1 1 2 x 2
2

19. 5 4 , :
i) 2 2
ii) 3 3

20. ) :
2
2
i) a 2 2 2 2

ii) 3 3 3 2 2
3

iii) 3 3 3 2 2
3

) x

1
a , :
x
1
1
A x 2 2
B x3 3
x
x

) x

1
, :
x
1
1
A x 2 2
B x3 3
x
x

21. ) ( + + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 +2 + 2 + 2.
) + + = + + ,
= ( + 1)2 + ( + 1)2 + ( + 1)2 3 .
) :
i) a 3 a 3 a 2 3a 9 a 2 3a 9

ii) x 2 x 2 x 2 2 x 4 x 2 2 x 4

22. :

3 2

3 2

) ,
) 1

29

23. a 5 3 5 3
) , .
) 2 + 2 = ( + )2 2,
, .
24.
( - )2 = 2 - 2 + 2.

20. 2 2 .

) .
)
)
) .
21. :
12 22 32 42 52 6 2 ........ 9992 10002 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 ......... 999 1000
22.
2 2 = ( )( + ).

30

23. + = = 2 , ,
4.
= (3 + 3) (2 + 2) + 4.
= (3 3) (2 + 2) 4
24. 8 = 8 + 2002 , :
( )( + )(2 + 2)(4 + 4)

25. )

) , = 3 + = 4
) 4 + 2 3 .
) 4 + 2 3

26. ) ( + + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 +2 + 2 + 2.
) + + = + + ,
= ( + 1)2 + ( + 1)2 + ( + 1)2 3 .

27. 2 +2 + 2 =( + )2 , 2 - 2 + 2 =( - )2
:
= 992 + 198 + 1 =
= 10012 2002 +1 =
= ( 1)2 2(2 1) + ( + 1)2 =
= (3 )2 + (3 + )2 - 2(2 9) =

31