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INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE ORGANIZATION

PHYSICS DATA BOOKLET

November 2002

To be used in the teaching and examination of

IB Diploma Programme physics
Valid for examination sessions from May 2003

Physics Data Booklet

First published August 2001
Reprinted November 2002

International Baccalaureate Organization 2001, 2002

Organisation du Baccalaurat International
Route des Morillons 15
Grand-Saconnex / Genve
CH-1218
SWITZERLAND

Fundamental Constants
Quantity

Symbol

Approximate Value

Acceleration due to gravity

(Earths surface)

9.81 m s 2

Gravitational constant

6.67 1011 N m 2 kg 2

Avogadros constant

NA

6.02 1023 mol1

Gas constant

8.31 J K 1 mol1

Boltzmanns constant

1.38 1023 J K 1

StefanBoltzmann constant

5.67 108 W m 2 K 4

Coulomb constant

8.99 109 N m 2 C 2

Permittivity of free space

8.85 1012 C2 N 1 m 2

Permeability of free space

4 107 T m A 1

Speed of light in vacuum

3.00 108 m s 1

Plancks constant

6.63 1034 J s

Charge on electron

1.60 1019 C

Electron rest mass

me

9.11 1031 kg = 0.000549 u = 0.511 MeV c 2

Proton rest mass

mp

1.673 1027 kg = 1.007276 u = 938 MeV c 2

Neutron rest mass

mn

1.675 1027 kg = 1.008665 u = 940 MeV c2

1.661 1027 kg = 931.5 MeV c 2

Unified atomic mass unit

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Metric (SI) Multipliers

Prefix

Abbreviation

Value

tera

1012

giga

109

mega

106

kilo

103

hecto

102

deca

da

101

deci

10-1

centi

10-2

milli

10-3

micro

10-6

nano

10-9

pico

10-12

femto

10-15

Unit Conversions
1 light year (ly) = 9.46 1015 m
1 parsec (pc) = 3.26 ly
1 astronomical unit (AU) = 1.50 1011 m
1 radian (rad) = 180/
1 kilowatt-hour (kW h) = 3.60 106 J
1 atm = 1.01 105 N m-2 = 101 kPa = 760 mm Hg

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Electrical Circuit Symbols

cell

battery

lamp

ac supply

switch

ammeter

voltmeter

galvanometer

resistor

potentiometer

transformer

heating element

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Equations
Core

Additional Higher Level

Topic 1

Physics and physical

measurement

AV

AH
AH = A cos
AV = A sin

Topic 7

Measurement and
uncertainties

If y = a b
then y = a + b

If y =
then

Topic 2

Mechanics

y a b c
=
+
+
y
a
b
c

Topic 8

vav =

s
t

g=

aav =

v
t

g =G

ab
c

Mechanics

F
m
m
r2

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Core

Additional Higher Level

Topic 2

Mechanics (continued)

v = u + at

s=

F =G

u+v
t
2

s = ut +

Topic 8

at 2

Mechanics (continued)

m1m2
r2

Ep = G

m1m2
r

m
r

v 2 = u 2 + 2as

V = G

s : displacement
t : time

T2
= constant
R3

u : initial speed

Ffr s FN

v : final speed

Ffr = k FN

a : acceleration

= Fr sin

F = ma

p = mv
p
t

F =

Impulse = F t = mv
W = Fs cos
Ek =

Ek =

p2
2m

mv 2

Ep = mg h
F = kx
Eelas =

power =
a=

kx 2

work
= Fv
time

v 2 4 2 r
= 2
r
T

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Core
Topic 3

p=

Additional Higher Level

Thermal physics

Topic 9

Thermal physics

W = pV

F
A

Q = U + W

Q = mcT

+Q = thermal energy transferred to the system

Q = mL

+U = increase in internal energy of the system

pV = nRT

+W = work done by the system

efficiency =

Qh Qc
Qh

Qh Qc
=
Th
Tc
efficiency =

Topic 4

f =

Waves

1
T

v = f
sin 1
v
= 1
sin 2 v2
n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2

c
n=
v

(Carnot cycle)

Th Tc
Th

Topic 10

1
f = f
1 vs
v

(Carnot cycle)

Waves

moving source

f = f 1 o moving observer
v

f beat = f1 f 2

d sin = n
s=

D
d

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Core

Additional Higher Level

Topic 5
F =k
E=

Electricity and
magnetism

q1q2
1 q1q2
=
2
r
4 0 r 2

F
q

E=k

q
r2

q
t

R=

V
I

V =k

q
1 q
=
r 4 0 r

E=

V
x

= Bvl

= N

Vp
Vs

P = VI = I 2 R =

Electromagnetism

= BA cos

V
E=
d
I =

Topic 11

V2
R

R = R1 + R2

Np
Ns

I rms =

I0
2

Vrms =

V0
2

1
1
1
=
+
R R1 R2
F = qvB sin
F = IlB sin
B=

0 I
2 r

B = 0

NI
= 0 nI
l

F 0 I1 I 2
=
l
2 r

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Core
Topic 6

E = mc 2

Additional Higher Level

Atomic and nuclear
physics

Topic 12

Quantum physics and

nuclear physics

E = hf

hf = + Ek max
hf = hf 0 + eVs
p=

N = N 0 e t
T1 =
2

ln 2

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Options Standard Level

Option A

g=

Mechanics extension

F
m

g =G

m
r2

F =G

m1m2
r2

Ep = G
V = G

m1m2
r

m
r

T2
= constant
R3
Ffr s FN
Ffr = k FN

= Fr sin

Option B

Quantum physics and nuclear physics

E = hf
hf = + Ek max
hf = hf 0 + eVs
p=

N = N 0 e t
T1 =
2

ln 2

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Options Standard Level

Option C

Energy extension

W = pV
Q = U + W
+Q = thermal energy transferred to the system
+U = increase in internal energy of the system

+W = work done by the system

efficiency =
Qh Qc
=
Th
Tc

(Carnot cycle)

efficiency =
power =

10

Qh Qc
Qh

Th Tc
Th

(Carnot cycle)

Av3

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Options Standard Level/Higher Level

Core (SL + HL)
Option D

= 10 log

Biomedical physics

I
where I 0 = 1012 W m 2
I0

I = I 0e x
x1 =
2

Extension (HL only)

Mechanical Advantage =

load
effort

Velocity Ratio =

distance moved by effort

distance moved by load

Absorbed dose =

Absorbed Energy
mass

ln 2

Exposure =

total charge
mass

Dose equivalent = quality factor Absorbed dose

1
1
1
=
+
TE TB TR

Option E

The history and

development of physics

Any formulas required will be found in the

core topics.

1
1
= RH 2 2

m
n
1

xp

h
2

E t

h
2

Any other formulas required will be found in the

AHL topics.

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

11

Options Standard Level/Higher Level

Core (SL + HL)
Option F

Astrophysics

v = Hd

L = AT 4

max (metres) =
d ( parsec ) =
b=

Extension (HL only)

2.90 103
T (kelvin)

v
c

1
p ( arc-second )

L
4d 2

Option G

p = m0u

v2
c2

t = t0
L=
u x/ =

Relativity

L0

ux v
u v
1 x2
c

E 2 = p 2 c 2 + m02 c 4
g h
f
= 2
f
c
RSch =

2GM
c2

m = m0
E0 = m0 c 2
E = mc 2

12

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Options Standard Level/Higher Level

Core (SL + HL)
Option H

Optics

n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2
1
n=
sin c
1 1 1
= +
f
u v
m=

hi
v
=
ho u

M =

i
o

Extension (HL only)

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

= 1.22

d sin = n

13