FISO Telecon

Michael Roberts CASIS

21 October 2015

FISO Telecon 21 October 2015

ENABLING RESEARCH ON THE ISS NATIONAL LAB

FOR THE BENEFIT OF EARTH
Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS)
2

MICHAEL ROBERTS, PHD SENIOR RESEARCH SCIENTIST

MROBERTS@ISS-CASIS.ORG

ISS NATIONAL LAB CONCEPT

1980s-early 90s
1960

1960s

The Shuttle is
conceived to
build an
orbiting
station

1970

1980

NASA HQ lays
groundwork for NGO
management of station
utilization

The vision for the station takes

shape: discovery science,
interdisciplinary cooperation in
R&D, commercial / industrial use

1990

2011
1997 2000

2005

2010

Congress designates the U.S. portion

of the station a National Lab
NASA Authorization Act mandates
creation of a nonprofit NGO to
manage the National Lab

Pres. Clinton announces plan for

NGO management of station
researchshortly after, discussion of
National Lab gain traction

NASA issues a competitive call for a

cooperative agreement, and CASIS
begins operations in summer 2011

CASIS AND THE ISS NATIONAL LAB

Creating opportunities for research and discovery in space
targeted to definitive impacts here on Earth
The opportunities are wide-ranging:

ISS STAKEHOLDERS

Research enabled by
access to space:
scientific research in
the life and physical
sciences that takes
advantage of unique
aspects of the space
environment to
significantly advance
fundamental
scientific
understanding.

Mission:

Mission:

Science in space for

the benefit of Earth.

To advance exploration of
the solar system, scientific
research, and enable
commerce in space.

Mission:
The use of ISS in support of
respective national goals.

Research that enables

space exploration:
scientific research in
the life and physical
sciences needed to
develop advanced
exploration
technologies and
processes affected by
operation in a space
environment.

HOW TO ENGAGE THE ISS NATIONAL LAB

Unsolicited Proposals
Sponsored Research Programs
Grand Challenges

ISS NATIONAL LAB REVIEW PROCESS

CASIS
MERIT/PEER
REVIEW
PROCESS
SCIENTIFIC
REVIEW

FLIGHT OPS
REVIEW

OGA
MERIT/PEER
REVIEW
PROCESS

ECONOMIC
REVIEW
FLIGHT
OPERATIONS
PLANNING*

SOLICITED
PROPOSALS

Response to
CASIS RFP

UNSOLICITED
PROPOSALS

Submitted
anytime

NSF
Submitted
anytime

DOD

DOE
NIH
USDA

OTHER
GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES

*CASIS + Implementation Partners:

Payload Development !Prioritization !Mission Integration !ISS National Lab
7

CASIS COMMERCIAL UTILIZATION

CASIS RESEARCH ORGANIZATION PROJECTS

Collaborative, multi-year, targeted, theme and unsolicited

Baylor College of Medicine

MD Anderson
Mayo Clinic
Houston Methodist Research Institute
NIH - NIAMS
NSF
National Space Biomedical Research Institute
National Jewish Health
Veterans Administration
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
9

INNOVATIVE STARTUPS USING ISS

MassChallenge Awards

Neural Analytics Non-invasive measurement of intracranial pressure

Quad Technologies Stem cell separation technology
Benevolent Technologies for Health Low-cost reconfigurable material designed for prosthetic sockets
Ras Labs Synthetic muscle and nanomaterials
Vecoy Nanomedicines Nanomedicines for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis-C and other viral infections

Silverside Radiation detection technology

Cam Med Electrolysis generates bubbles in order to improve the methods of dosage control in a device that
can deliver multiple medication through the skin

Novopyxis Seeking to improve a drug delivery device by studying how the drugs penetrate and spread once
theyve entered a substance mimicking human skin

SQZ Biotech Novel method for delivering large molecules into cells by using a microfluidic chip to physically
squeeze cells

Rice Business Plan Award

A-76 Technologies Thin film protective coatings

DexMat Carbon nanotube cables

10

CASIS RESEARCH PORTFOLIO THRU FY15

Academic

40%

Commercial

57%

Tech
Development
24%
Remote
Sensing
13%

OGA
3%
11

Life Sciences
44%
Physical
Sciences
20%

CASIS PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW

12

12

THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

13

THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT: MICROGRAVITY

Microgravity alters many observable phenomena
!Thermocapillary flows!

Flame structure in space

Space

Earth

!Breast cancer tumor cells

Earth

Space

Swan et al. PNAS 109(40); 2012

Other images courtesy of NASA
14

THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT: EXTREME CONDITIONS

Exposure to
Extreme thermal cycling
Ultra-vacuum

Atomic oxygen
High energy radiation
Debris impact

Radiation-induced darkening

AO satellite-preservation technique
used for art restoration

Structural degradation

Debris damage

15

THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT: LOW EARTH ORBIT

Orbital path over 90% of Earths population
Altitude ~240 mi (400km)
Improved spatial resolution
Variable lighting conditions

Space remote sensing: X-ray monitoring

X-ray nova

Oct 12, 2010

Oct 17, 2010

16

BIOSCIENCE
National Lab Opportunities

17

LIVING IN
SPACE
AFFECTS
HUMAN
PHYSIOLOGY
IN WAYS THAT
MIMIC SOME
EFFECTS OF
AGING
18

www.nasa.gov/content/twins-study

time.com/meet-the-twins-unlocking-the-secrets-of-space/

THE TWINS STUDY:

NASAS FIRST INTEGRATED OMICS STUDY

19

To capitalize on this unique opportunity, NASAs Human Research Program (HRP) and
the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) initiated a pilot demonstration
project focused on the use of integrated human -omic analyses to better understand
the biomolecular responses to the physical, physiological, and environmental stressors
associated with spaceflight.

20

HUMAN HEALTH UNDER SPACEFLIGHT CONDITIONS

Disease Analogs

Muscle wasting

Muscle mass and strength decline similar to Sarcopenia

Rodent model to evaluate pre-clinical therapeutics

Osteoporosis

Bone mineral density decreases more rapidly

Rodents, medaka, and quail models for accelerated testing

Cancer

Stem cells accelerated proliferation and improved differentiation

Elucidation of critical mechanisms through cell/tissue culture

Immune Response

Alteration in lymphocytes, cytokines, granulocytes and T-cells

Increased microbial virulence
Cell culture/animal models for therapeutic evaluation

21

2012 Medicines in Development

CANCER BIOLOGY IN SPACE

MICROGRAVITY CULTURE CONDITIONS

Loss of gravity-dependent convection

Negligible hydro-dynamic shear
Lack of sedimentation
THEREBY

Observed evidence of enhanced cancer-matrix interaction with

prostate cancer cells forming golf ball-size tumor aggregates in
space when compared to the same 3-D culture under
microgravity simulated growth conditions on Earth. courtesy Dr.
Leland Chung

Cells colocate, coalesce and form complex multicellular

aggregates and organoids, which can be sustained for days or

months in microgravity

Crystals form and are more pure, uniform and much larger

Zeolite Earth (right); microgravity (left)

22

CANCER BIOLOGY IN SPACE

Harnessing spaceflight effects

Gene expression patterns

Taken together, this study shows that spaceflight experiments are of great
value for cell biology research in general and for cancer research in particular.
Our experiments indicate that microgravity, preferably real as in spaceflight, but
also in some respects simulated on the RPM, induce changes in the expression
and secretion of genes and proteins involved in cancer cell proliferation,
metastasis, and survival, shifting the cells toward a less aggressive phenotype.
Further studies to investigate the involved mechanisms in more detail are
expected to yield novel targets for cancer therapy, which may then be
exploited in the form of new chemotherapeutics. - Dr. Daniella Grimm, Institute
of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark

23

GOOD HEALTH CAMPAIGN

A CASIS initiative in partnership with NASA to translate observations in
microgravity to health benefits on Earth
Goals and objectives:

Understanding the systems that underpin the transition from wellness to

diseasewhere the process is accelerated by microgravityso that
interventions can be designed to improve health on Earth

Leverage data, technology and resource infrastructure developed by NASA

and other government agencies to ensure the highest probability of
campaign success.

Integrate systems biology and meta-data from humans and non-human

models into an open science platform.

24

HUMAN MODELS FOR GOOD HEALTH

The NASA Biological Specimen Repository (Repository) is a storage bank that is used to maintain
biological specimens over extended periods of time and under well-controlled conditions.
Samples from the ISS, including blood and urine, are collected, processed and archived during
the preflight, in-flight and post-flight phases.1
CASIS seeks to build an Astronaut Cohort for the Precision
Medicine Initiative Consortium of Cohorts2
Expand the NASA Repository to include samples from US and
international crew on the ISS
Enhance sample collection and preservation protocols to
accommodate inclusion of astronaut data in omics based
analyses for an Astronaut Longitudinal Study and the NIH
Precision Medicine Initiative
Develop data and privacy standards for inclusion of crew
data in the GeneLab Data System open-access repository.

1. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/981.html
2. http://www.nih.gov/precisionmedicine/workshop.htm
25

DISEASE MODELS FOR GOOD HEALTH

In addition to crew, human disease priority areas for study by CASIS on the ISS
National Lab can be accommodated using model organisms (e.g., rodents,
zebra fish, fruit flies, roundworms, flatworms, yeast, etc.) and/or cell lines
adopted by the NIH and Science Definition Teams composed of nationallyrecognized researchers in specified disease areas.

Identify institutional partners for disease model resources on the ISS National
Lab
Define the required ISS resources and data requirements to generate
integrated systems biology data to advance knowledge for transitions from
wellness to disease

Define Good Health reference missions to the ISS National Lab where model
organisms and/or cell models for disease research can be flown to the ISS
and exposed to microgravity to accelerate the onset and progression of
disease.

26

DISEASE MODELS FOR THE ISS NATIONAL LAB

Non-human Model Organisms

3D Mammalian Cell-based, Spheroid, and Organotypic Models

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Images: Courtesy of the National Institutes of Health unless otherwise noted.

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ORGANS ON CHIPS RESEARCH

GRAND CHALLENGE Due October 16, 2015
This funding opportunity seeks to accelerate the development of human microphysiological
systems, tissue-on-chip, organ-on-chip, and related technologies that address challenges in
predictive toxicity assessment during the preclinical phase of drug development or in tissue
engineering for regenerative medicine to benefit human disease research on Earth. One or
two respondents will be selected to share an award of up to $1M in research grant
sponsorship to support a flight project to the ISS National Lab.

28

THE FACILITIES
National Lab Modules and Logistics

29

ISS CARGO VEHICLES

Cygnus
(Orbital)
Cargo Capacity
2,000 kg

30

Dragon
(SpaceX)
Cargo Capacity
3,100 kg ascent

HTV
(JAXA)

Progress
(Russia)

Cargo Capacity
5,500 kg

Cargo Capacity
2,250 kg

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ISS INTERNAL RESEARCH FACILITIES

32

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SCIENCE HARDWARE

Techshot CellCult
Bioserve Space Bioproduct Lab - Incubator

NASA ISS Microgravity GloveBox

Bioserve BioCell

33

NASA ISS Freezer

NASA WetLab2 PCR SmartCycler

MATERIALS TESTING AND REMOTE SENSING

National Lab Opportunities

34

EXTERNAL PAYLOAD ATTACHMENT LOCATIONS

External Sites on
the U.S. Segment
External
Workstations (9)
on the Russian
Service Module

35

GOOD EARTH FRAMEWORK

Hyperspectral

SAR

LiDAR

Supporting Technologies

Diverse Sensors & Technologies

TRL Advancement
Commercial Application
Humanitarian & STEM benefit

Enhanced
Imagery Products
& Data Fusion
Direct End-User Engagement

36

Thermal

GOOD EARTH GAP ANALYSIS

Investigation Areas:

Strengths and weaknesses of ISS as a remote sensing platform

Commercial applicability of NASA remote sensing science data
Market research on potential sensor technology demonstrations
Purpose:

Align Good Earth Strategy with ISS infrastructure & capability

Inform and prioritize CASIS BD outreach
Inform CASIS engagement with ISS Program Office
37

SPONSORED PROGRAM:
TARGETING YOUR ORGANIZATIONS CHALLENGE

Tailored program aimed at solving an organizations challenge and/or driving new innovation by
finding and flying cutting edge research

$0 program cost
$7.4 million dollar value
Minimal Time to investment

Program elements

Identification of and outreach to best research and technology development resources

Advertising and outreach to pool of relevant innovators
Information and education sessions on program goals
Cross-disciplinary and collaborative solution development
Subject matter expertise
Translations of ground based goals to space

Branding

Space Is In It markings
Custom flight patch
Launch participation
Media outreach

STEM program wrappers

38

THANK YOU
Explore CASIS Online:
www.iss-casis.org

www.spacestationresearch.com
/ISSCASIS

@ISS_CASIS

Photos provided courtesy of NASA. CASIS is the sole manager of the U.S. National Laboratory on the International Space Station.

CASIS

@ISS_CASIS

CASIS PROVIDES VALUE

projects
Brainstorming with researchers to identify optimal
based
Translation of ground based science goals to space
environment
other
Use of labs (if needed) at Kennedy Space Center and
NASA facilities
software
Logistics for data acquisition, sample recovery, data/
interfaces
AVERAGE VALUE OF $7.4 MILLION

Transportation to and from the ISS

astronaut
Support of real-time, in-orbit operations (video,
involvement, etc)
provide
Working with 3 Party Hardware companies to
hardware and facilities that support the
rd

project
Coordinating contingency plans to preserve science
objectives

MARKETING AND BRANDING OPPORTUNITY

randed campaigns around payloads

B
ission patches
M
Trademarked product endorsement
Showcases first to market/industry
Brings awareness of ISS National Lab in R&D