Conclusion

In this experiment, we have prepared the green sand mould and molten
metal to produce casting aluminium product and we have used the pouring and
cooling approach. We also obtained several defects in the final casting product
due to several unintentional errors made. The visible defects are hot tear,
misrun, blowhole, wash, pinhole, shrinkage and sand inclusion. The hot tear
defect can be avoided by improving the design of the casting. To avoid misrun
defect, we must pour the molten metal smoothly and fast to allow the molten
metal to reach every corner of the mould before it freezes. For blowhole and
pinhole defects, it can be avoided by either reducing the moisture content in the
sand or reducing the hardness of ramming process to increase the gas
permeability of the sand mould. Next, we must increase the hot strength of
moulding strength to avoid wash defect from happening. To avoid sand inclusion,
we must make sure that the flow of molten metal into the mould is not in
turbulent state because it will rupture the inside wall of the mould and cause the
sand to be trapped in casting metal product. In conclusion, we have learnt the
process of mould casting and produced an average product result.

Recommendation
There are a few recommendations to improve the final result of this
experiment :

1. Make the parting agent smaller to allow smoother surface of the casting
product.
2. Clean the pattern carefully to avoid any defect of the product.
3. Make sure the spure pin in straight position to any misalignment.
4. Ramming process must be made a bit longer to allow uniform texture of
the mould.
5. The pouring of the molten metal must be made more carefully and faster
to avoid any major defects.