MLA Handbook for Writers of Research PapersMLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers Seventh Edition ‘THE MonERN LANGUAGE AssociATION oF AMERICA opr KOTUPHANES' ‘METU LIBRARY‘eho ong Sn rae me "pm earn tn a yy be ‘cei mtn nee omeastaes toes ssp oat erenerbac ay ae ‘Gmina wb tay mg agg enon Dt ee tr ad ah "Shore anzo nh alk ppe IS re s8ge ap tnt an tho Inside bck covr of sch Hook. Ones you sae ona sccunt youl awe comtinoo aco gh ie tthe seventh aon ofthe LA Hanabook ‘Ne 1 heaton the Web ale provide eased waye af con soling rag ad paring th ents of fn MLA Hondo ‘Yu wl ad the fl ext of thin veo te ite elo ‘voto hundred example that donot pps nit The sie ls sents over rach project marth sample paper stig the stop seme tet on sachin a wis {ng papers. Bach reste project maison ty ps {nth repuntin af paper for an nate, The sep ike cin nto MLA Henao 0 yosran move sly bt ‘ection encoatarady det aod be ec pe {sod inthe MLA Handa Salty you reading ton Inthe MLA Henao, you cn go dsl tan epi terench opt natives ht arte the tap of tt ton. You might Erosampie wat tlon thw ur seth he et Ino ining tpi you rad sation 3, Sang Rpe™ ‘Toe snmple pepe demons how te vron een sean ‘td wn eulminta ins empl docuent on tn spe perso inti sostops fr erguisng ae aramet aod ork Ing wih sores. The papers ala serve at model for oman he ‘magn ine spacing, and othr pst ste of printed pp [ich naa shows the nrttrs commen which sl bel ‘ound thy Kind fences nator ave nd what 900 {Sa er om their reading of your work "The Wob site allows howard marching ofthe ni ts ic {ng thle fhe MLA Hondo Thr slo cia ‘eset asad questions ae snwered1 Research and Writi 25 «Form of Exploration ‘Tho Research Paper a Form of Communication Selecting a Topic Conducting Resear 44:1 The Mera Academic mary 1142, Library Rone Sore 443. The Ctl aren Sytem $44, Relrce Wake 145. The Onlin Catalog of ieay Holinge 448, Pull Dates 1147. Ol ier Renuce and Serves 148. Web Sones 48. Summing Up rong «Woking apy 13.2. Creating Comput forthe Working Bibogspby 1.55, Recording ental PoiatonInfrmtion 154. Noting Other Use Infrmation 1135, Weryng Plot norton 1138 Convuting he Working Boppy othe Work cid ee 157. Summing Up tes. Auer 1182. Accurcy and Vriaity1.7, Taking Notes 1.7 Maho of Note-Teing 12, TypecatReteTatng 1175, Reog Pao ference Nambere 134. Unga Computer for Noten 117.8 Amount end Acturaey of Note aking, 16 Summing UP 183. Waking Outine 2.8, tng Defi 201. The Pit Daf 1182, Suheeqont Dats 1183, Waiting wth Ward Proceso 1194. The Pinal Doane Renate Poet Pro 488, Summing Up 1.0, Language and Style 4.1. THE RESEARCH PAPER AS A FORM OF EXPLORATION Penna Hays and Restarch Papers ring your school care you have probably writen many pool ‘sss ta prsonted yur toatl, and epaons td ‘ido raft sy ter soc imation ot as, Somes mets, however aie agony ns pessoal Enea We ‘nlrb osarch wea ee mish o ep a i, pate a re, ‘elt prbiem, erm antigua nla tobe oes be ‘writs. W the snk ot adel aod pelo sources The uta ofeach ingiy spss in thoes pepe ‘Tho tm ororch poperdserite sprain of ade ste that maybe ne peste, an econ ors mined fast, Shs text a ino perma: enadutig vey oot Inui or ering ots inkratary experi. Pty cures ‘inlets dit, btrel cuanto wis of Keats ‘rar Saandary march eth xainton af ste tat therYe ‘Secure hav mae ofessbjec Examples of tory eae ne ‘lr and Boks abot plo fs, historical wate etic ‘inte, or erry wens ae paper depend a lat arly on scondary each, [Nomar bat our ej f ty ering ent si eel ‘ho work of tar ence wl playa mfr en you develo ‘met ea sade Te st oft tat csi tome upedlscovrng, essing and samiatig other mach then aicusting your own os cl nd persue ath ‘otro the eatin exprece ‘Combining Hevnrch nd Original es couch inwaes your inowadg and undetanding of ube ‘Sonatinas enrh wl rm our ear end opis otswl lenge nd modi he, Ba st ley it wl lp to ‘haps you thhing slot your irre specBealy drs you ‘thera, yur rearch paper shoud nt ual) rete public {Ens actor coun of uote fm hm Rathr you should Toon saree tha provide wt nfrmaton, et bp survey ‘ho visors soe taken on pce bjt that end Shot to your point, tat expe or ance you as ha ‘itr mithade or modar of tought you en op tone to fees or tat us optve sampler aunt which you wich ‘Spun a youuu and sorpalualysckolodge sure, howe, ‘Tne some that tho malo purpoue of doing masrch st minaret work of abr to tsi ae ould ad taamin at yourowa understanding a thes. Dire Approach o Research and Writing ‘back ike this aot prot leprae ways of dong ‘rach, Bosse haniont ngs th mecha of prepa {tgetintie oper item ge you he tat preston a osm of rescind wing earch apr flows «xd {atm thin ifn pai anand Sond scomefal ‘Teeuch pp, Some rsarcharsny pune mor esa ‘Srtsoquaen of tom toes ay a harassing ‘equal nadion, erin projects lend theses a Gi oppen whee say el dias teen Ke {agin nod tat wc od poet fe, tis bo cases ‘lotr hat ao wre of esac papers perm, sch o> ‘sling «ute fp senting ree copings etn Tite. ting eater unig and popsring he peer splocton and Dicaery yous writing yours search pape yous el verld ‘benny tn vcs are Ths handok dined hale ys ears to manage complex proses econ. As yo allow he Ente vir on how to looted dames sures, bot fomat Your gaps a set you may be emp tse doing» paper 2 chm ere. ut Maly, wing wer paper tl Tutaly warn es frm of explain that ads to cove {that eset lt o 708 tt ets, Te pecans of ‘horace paper tmpran hough hay a shuld over over } | ‘he inlets calango of pursing a quran tha intersts yoo (end hiatal your ade) Tae peat Soul aie your eae, ‘5d your iting ven though you ast eng how oop ‘esc pope you maya exparooe ome ofthe exe of Arveloping and etn dena oo te gr ttn of ‘oar end ecleetp Research Pep and Profane Wiig ‘Sal dered tom prepricg serch ape aby omens = dare Many oportsand proposals requir nbasons orem, {od ter prfnnone lly rly on ssondyteearh, Ling ow owt a esuch popes then, an blp prepare yo gn ‘ent in your prfeina aor dif think fey pe felon that would nt require yo toca sources of nation ‘Shouts pect mii hs information with you dee, ‘ado preet your oughta, Eading, bd conlsions ofeiay 1.2. THE RESEARCH PAPER AS A FORM OF COMMUNICATION ‘Asser pape fo of ween communication Like oer Sindee cao weiner nytt ey tie, eoke—it should preset ifontion sd tee clorly td te ‘rely You should ot atthe mochan tering asc te sh, tig ots, and docameating sores make you fs to Py ‘Setnowladge sng you have su sou eto wing ‘pane, "his anook i ule forthe popanston ofeach papers. ‘not took aboot espostary weting See 2-4 fr slated it sf fl hooks oo ge, langags, a sya) Noptln oat of ‘anvatons fr prpaings mana cn ple ily ad ns lien weting and no amount of serch and cae a ‘pace fa pone peventation of des Although you tt ally ‘lcument the fata epnios You dew fam your mach, the ‘tocunenttion should only support your stats and provide ‘mele nfarmation abut he sess td should at need our ee dt th radar thn.1.3, SELECTING A TOPIC 1... Freedom of Choice iret couse sd din instructs fe wily varying do fev of nom to student eeting opis for arch paper Th [taco cou ns ci cpio a try. tureenc) ey sup ata pes wh chon or may, toe genet hn per ltt important spect of the cous I yout given the ter opin. roiew ous eng, eda ace o ad topics tat ately ntrertyou. scat slits wth other sents ne with our tse. your ole itd oat lit opis you wl obi ol ‘ede which rpc atop to eplr orb approach we ‘newitng lee, you nay hve more lon ta et atop Tho instar ei gol pce tht ca oer ny Kd strep for Sample, you might be asked a choo «edo tveton aed show wht bts nd probs ths toupt sbot yeu have compl eed to caese tp consider ig «pe {al net on lad lo arch (eed, he one ‘oat ovo, nw techs, ten pols, tho uses fap) ees ios at bn ml fatto pie eres eatovey eg imigaton pli, lal warming, stm al 6 ‘ck eer. “Torii undotand the impoance of choosing on apron pte pe Wen nd is pre [ovale athe renrch prope yes campushare ting eater, End ot bw tomo oof th ear there preeale oni the wlio inthe uly og of our ec. 1.32. Finding an Appropriate Foeas ‘Ayo choot tpi raember th ti allt to ou andthe sad length oftheresach paper. "nterational oles athe mod Emap would truly b oo bod abot aap pr You ty ptr top wih fay gol tapi end thon ‘albeit by thought sn march oer pet one tht can bo fly xpd Ty oma you tpi by foing onan spel of the sbjct or proach tA sade nly intrest nthe oral sujet of vlc othe mod might dai ar cach ‘hovght and ring, owt on “lw alt fearon lene tt rschool chide,” Like, a nee in rites od nd {0 focus onthe del ani contusion of mes Which wuld ‘um be narowed oa amptzon two the et Reman dere td modern sod dre Proiminry rding eel you evaluate ad ree top. ‘Cm npit andlor far, ener rnc ware ches ‘yelp aswel ar ln ud oak nthe secs ou acon fidrng ene 1 on conducting roach} You en loos your Tope by dag sujet sachet In more dass (om 140). din online clogs on 1) and tro noe srr ls ico 134) Sach paiminary adig and vse wl et yo ‘ow ifenongh work ur bee done oth ube! pra fee sa etre ad wher he erties! sr aes Syacctb Slectng am appopltotopicie eld ple miter. Even er ou dlcoar a jt that strats your nee, you ay weld Ynrselreiing our coi modlyng your api caning topes together ater you hav gn nrc 2.33 SUNDING UP Give yours plenty fiw t think through nd ethisk your ‘oie ote "Leak for set Sn ht wll spain ee thghout nme an writing ‘Con iheey mata nd other pit and lectonicinfome tion sores oan the opie oi tse! Wor bs ‘men done onthe subject o mal she opie rhe etch pepe ‘Befresotlng onal ope, mk sre you understand the ‘snout nd depth of ecu ante pea length ‘fear pected. Myeencounts probs ay pot nth project dont ‘tat to consul our irr wher ta lari th segment tt go hep in chosing developing, ot rsching ep or Im preparing he psper A samp tng eater xa caf114, CONDUCTING RESEARCH 14.4 The Mader Academic Library ‘Toe ivary wl omy your mart sulle gude as you conduct ‘meu br pr that no he plied wok of ep [rnc oui fr aha nd quay toe song {hen orn in sarh You sul thf baste thorugh we ‘font wit be ia rubles you and ah flange of ‘Rene nd pro thy provide ois nd ver he nts. ‘he modern acai ty play of sous init md ‘lst ferme and tar sont media og lis, oad ‘ering well scope suvice sch wor prog high “lity pina nd acon tote Whores some portant ‘Sur ar aie i th ary balding (og mt books ‘Sots ubliotons layin pest om, icin aera ‘Gueloclonal youriry pty provides utero Scone cucu bgp and fl nt dass, that 20 ‘Sevotonteough computers the ary bata om ‘tie ough the tbr Wb ite sienaton an natuction Mot cada irre ve roguams ofretation ad instaton ‘tn ne al sed Bom being och te ra ato munis Ask eat intodtry pmlc or anon and {pda re al ers aed class on sing th arya ill sujet lt developing serch stg and ering {he Wor Wide Web, he ia te ly coin scheda {ap Infroson on sock lame wel ot dseptons of ease ferns tnd sevice Tin it ay loaf clin tata ‘Pron Rae brains ely al public and ear rs ave dak tae by poe Smal ene ras who can al you sot ave ns Tim progens and nip you lore ste, Spi ane ‘hee pra nd su, In pint sed lect om, esearch ues to pei ela stay. Contig raran they pont ere my uc tien fn fant may beavis In parson or y tlphono, ema la essing 1142 Library Research Sources ‘Touring or odig shout your Hay wl eel the many important sources of afraatian male allie orc Ilraton ‘ures lino four poe etgaiae ectronk Soaros Yous tery pay ofan worse corn eo 120) tet my omen ‘sh ith ate a.) Yr yay aber ora available in electronic form. a ‘rama ‘ook an Sin Palins “hoary ipl hose vst umber of tks wal tsi iepbaon rch app ond pray uae sks {ie sail se rey roc esate ass ee {Eee oe ookoin tan We toys ‘trie~drng eect Yo ly bot ess on {Ee lery A como ono eth Huy calles of ‘winrar 48 tinh lace rs ual Seapets ae Seaton Ailes an Other Paleatons in Pit Psails ‘he ary ie acee Yo sumer tl and ile wating (ep reviews atrial pula npr paride such ar scl sey furals oewspeprs, and mapas, Additions Sores ost aes provide nonpit sores ich at sound sedis ‘nd vido rearing and posby seo unpubiied weit (eg minus or pratt poh olson).4.43, Tae Cate Informaton Syste) Mos sada saposde a clin cant information sen {ous sient snd sty member to onc ura. The se {euondinaly nl the irr’ call of bldings (hocks, pedals, bctoake arco sedis antaaletesv 143) + ograpic datas, suc te MLA ntti iio ply and Stones Dict + Str eloctonie resources. intudng francs works (ee 1.43) {ltt date o whic he Hiya le 8) and ‘Reotended We tr which he Mary ove ink ae teal + ther infomation shot th trary sch site atone palcee ‘your ears ry door ot hold a wok 390 sk, cone Wel ‘Cavon he Web This dab its th lings oe te thousnd ‘iis and ean help you td a copy auty Urry 144, Refer Works ‘wal way bg esearch je toner ese cn weak Some fnew ik ind and Mapp, ‘saps rah sara by ec ad prove data tht fot Yoo locate wurcar—sutor, edt of pubeston, and ath ‘ter refaenn wera, ike aneyelopadar, sions, andi ‘ual sources, pv bic ifort dat mje This con ‘roves lt ntruction tothe Mn of otra speci ‘fence wars you soul ko bat, Yo ey rah bas ‘sls wott in rat ond eletnie am, * Prin Prot work may beet nee rom Generale sce books, ike dtonaris,enyelopeting, apap orn, Yossi, and gees, my lb sve eter in the place, while spcilind tence boats may be oped 8 ‘ending sujet robles, stn, opal, ‘uso fort The volumes ofrfsanos wens psd analy Inows,ibliogphine and sae oles ely nd ‘pincionceal nd, + Hleroni.Rofeence works avila econ dashes re ‘wally nlne aon CD-ROM or DVD-ROM Seung and ew. Ings fm the ay tno anon Goon he ry ‘ulding an petal em ata wl rte ltr somo elocvnic environmen, you ext serch sve nds wok in singe query Reference Univers, ar exp allows 30 to such the Indexes of mre tan on thnand rece ‘The elacone medium ha obvious adanige forthe serch, sucha crn toa covrgy, ee of dovnlaling cad peitng, ype inks other wor, td sophia seuch cpa tes Bat donot gore pine rfenes wor fo many vdeo works oct oly in pit Sorter wien wok olen ‘wt smd te loonie versten pi ni a he eat son ‘rrids ber covergs. For xampln sms lngtaing rece ‘ubloton such inde bloglines nd enrepedin, hve urs aval spit that hve et bee covet fr ence ‘ubltion You wil want conider heap leonora sees onic verone you conul Reference Works That Provide Data aout Retarch Mates Indes an bibiogrphis a isto puletons uly asia ‘ys Depending oa the spe ent hny ey ule you {Omit in newspapers, apne, dare wala {ngeln books and an aos + TheNow York Tes ndoxcovral ails pbb in the em uring the ii Ws, ou can uw he nde oot events + Reader” Gude to Pro! Literature Indexes te eens of dey casted pecs. Iyou ae wrting boat Ae ‘remen'sfation dig the 197% you ca ety snare a {hr on th top ee * Mos subject amas and schlatydeiptnes have throw pci tan illopepbies. You an son Th Ploapber nd fr ox spl ate st of echolry ounal ec show imal nt thi theory pulsed sine 10 + Some publshrsconbin seve indo ions etonic enn ‘met Using eon CPi Ful ext oem sch si inden,wry eduction, snc, sings, th humans cis IESE maton, with ae ery Por rear projet ab ‘lrutet clown displ, och a et tude, ssc hee ‘rl dw onal arty of ule «Btn nde ter tlograpine ttre blo aso te ena ae prt of took, fn prod Caleta rs snail ul wcles and ter frre Aso lp you se ws reat our re oul oth ou lok fi an eat oly th most pronang uo "Newspaper ADs Coa ovt By mje seespapr nthe Dae Pd Aste wots 8 wie rang of gi ng {emicjonaeandnovengutes a tne or ‘Bose gy ion porate ew ad ‘Sir inoenaton «Rosy in Boo Review Digt pois a saat f= book mp af ana tse ej pubs nd. [vb dr he visa uo am Blp You see tnd bow rok was vlid wha te ie paid + Ny clon feat on apse ein or ab in Blog! Att vn oer 700 onal th cer to round the wel Tadeo bck o plications ‘fou 00 lluminaig he iyo logy wl cota Syren «Simms of doco dsetatons ar val in Diserton Gidea rear soko diet yon tthe moet importnt source of {nfomiton td schol the ae on a revaring, Uae Inde, liogepbie sod calleone 0 bata, which ond 1 ‘ve fr comprebwnsvense and abject in pret Informa ‘So guar oa ae uly elective nd vlan, + Some reseach ules cover ent Sed uch Leary Resch ‘ae An Annette iting of efrnc Sure n Bish iter ly Studies and Philosphy A Gudea the Refrece Lata + Sion guide to wnre tv deve to specie sujet within eld (es, Reference Gude o Mystery ond Detect Pict. ‘Toler of ny pide tat might slo your rjc conault the ates elton ofthe Areca trary Actions Guide Refer ence Boks your intro lira. efrece Work Tat Give Bai Information about Subjects Dione provide Infra, wally concise ons about vont orp. Among the mat ethrtatv dco fo agi words re Websters Tid No ltentina Dictonay of the agit Len sung an, epecily thr of mrt ening nd ‘es The Oxford gh tna + Msscnth ep itn se ecto student wu rs The meen Hoge Clee cto Mer ‘attests Clete stony so The New Oxford inet. an Deon + Dual engine diconare pial pest words in ne language flowed by tanto of thre words no moter ngage fointance, The New Wr Spot gts ng Spanth Dic onary (tle eWorld donro copa igi ng ‘Spa Some ngigs dion asp else ‘ligula sh swt Ditonryof vont [tng rnc, Spt ad Sate. +A insur it rnp feng words with sar man {ages ntl or wees whew od th met ree ed {ova prea cnt of yt olen of worde amples 5 rams alg Ths op + Nie fl stay be pind dion, such Blacks {ay Ditinay, Dolan sted Msi Dtonary, The New (Grove Dictionary of Mi and Masta, td The Fegan Di tonayof Soil. ncylopedia pv ntodtaryinforniaton sont abet + Popular general encyclopedias ae The Columbia Bneelpedi, "he jp enon Th yelp ene + Sein cay nda The Cri no of rl ence and Stanford Encyclogph sn oe te pie pin * Bopophy the iene! 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