Discussion

Distribution refers to the region where an organism is found. Abundance is

the number of individuals in the area. Both distribution and abundance
can change seasonally or yearly. Abundance is usually described as
density which is the number on individuals in a certain area as this gives
an idea of crowding. The factors that determine distribution and
abundance can be divided into few factors that are physical factor,
chemical factors, biotic factors and dynamic factors. Ecology is often
referred to as the "study of distribution and abundance". This being true,
we would often like to know how many of certain organisms are in a
certain place, or at a certain time. Therefore, we usually have to estimate
the abundance of organisms by sampling them, or counting a subset of
the population of interest. Obviously, we would like our method for
sampling the population to produce a good estimate. Random sampling
avoids the source of bias. A random sample is one where every potential
sample plot within the study area sample has an exactly equal chance of
being chosen for sampling. The usual sampling unit is a quadrat. Quadrats
normally consist of a square frame, the most frequently used size being 1
m 2 . The purpose of using a quadrat is to enable comparable samples to
be obtained from areas of consistent size and shape. The main reason of
undergoing quadrant technique is to estimate the population density of
each species given community. Therefore, once population densities for all
quadrats are determined; the population size within the larger area can be
estimated. Furthermore, there are few assumptions when applying
quadrant sampling technique that are the number of individuals in each
quadrant is counted follow by the size of the quadrant is known thus the
quadrat samples are representative of the study area as a whole. After
placing the formation of quadrant towards particular places, few
observable plants were counted follow by a technique called plan sketch
that is an aerial or surface view of a representative area within an
ecosystem. It shows to scale the distribution of organisms in a measured

and plotted view. It is an effective method that gives more in-depth and
accurate result towards this experiment.