Describe the working principle of 2-Stroke petrol Engine? Describe the working principle of 4-Stroke petrol Engine? What is Suction Stroke? What is compression Stroke? Describe Expansion / Power Stroke? Describe Exhaust Stroke? What are the construction details of a four stroke petrol Engine? What is the main deference in 2-Stroke Petrol Engine and 4-Stroke Petrol Engine? SIA aeN Describe the working principle of 2-Stroke Diesel Engine? Describe the working principle of 4-Stroke Diesel Engine? What is compression Stroke? Describe Expansion / Power Stroke? What are the construction details of a four stroke Diesel Engine? What is the main deference in 2-Stroke Diesel Engine and 4-Stroke Diesel Engine? Describe the deference in 2-stroke Diesel Engine & 2-Stroke Petrol Engine? Naveen 1. Explain the air-fuel ratio? 2. What is Injection Timing? 3. What are the methods of available for improving the performance of an engine? 4. Distinguish between power and specific output? 5. What is the importance of specific fuel consumption? 6. What is the torque of an engine? 1. Define the morse test? b What is transmission dynamometer? What is need of measurement of speed of an I.C. Engine? ‘What is a smoke and classify the measurement of a smoke? yey ‘What is the break power of L.C. Engines? What is volumetric efficiency? What is air fuel ratio in two stroke single cylinder petrol engine? What is air delivery ratio in two stroke single cylinder petrol engine? What is tapping efficiency? Define pressure lose co-efficient? Define excess Air factor? ay eee1. What is fan dynamometer? 2. Explain an automatic fuel flow meter? 3. Explain the method of measurement of smoke by comparison method? 4. Define the friction power? 5. Define Willian’s lines methods? 1. What is break power ? 2. Define speed performance test on a four-stroke single — Cylinder diesel engine? 3. What is Air rate and A/F ratio in a four-stroke single — Cylinder diesel engine? 4. What is combustion phenomenon? 5. What is indicated power ? 1. Mention the simplified various assumptions used in fuel Air-cycle Analysis 2. Explain the significance of the fuel-Air cyele ? 3. What is the difference between Air— Standard cycle & Fuel — Air cycle analysis? 4. Define carburetion? 5. What are the different Air— Fuel Mixture on which an Engine can be operated? 6. Explain the rich mixture, Lean Mixture & Stoichionetric Mixture ? 1. Define valve timing in four stroke petrol engine? 2. Whatis overlapping? 3. What is inlet valve? 4, What is exhaust valve? 5. What do you mean by ignition’ 6. What are the various types of ignition systems that are commonly used?Give classification of internal combustion engines. Give a sketch of simple one cylinder internal combustion engine and label important parts. ‘What is meant by spark ignition and compression ignition engines? Explain the working of 4-stroke SI engine. Describe the working of 4-stroke CI engine. Explain working of 2-stroke CI engine. Explain working of 2-stroke SI engine. What is meant by indicator diagram? Describe the arrangemeat for gett Explain the power measurement using indicator diagram arrangement. Explain the combustion in ST engines. Explain the combustion in CI engines. Describe some IC engine fuels. ‘What is More test? How is it carried out? Compare SI engines with CI engines. ‘Compare 2 stroke SI engine with 4-stroke SI engines. Write short notes on the following: Brake power, Indicated power, Brake specific fuel consumption, Indicated specific fuel consumption, Brake mean effective pressure, Indicated mean effective pressure. Mechanical efficiency. Brake ther mal efficiency, Indicated thermal efficiency. 10-7C What four processes make up the simple ideal Rank- ine cycle? 10-8C Consider a simple ideal Rankine cycle with fixed turbine inlet conditions. What is the effect of lowering the condenser pressure on Pump work input: (a) increases, (b) decreases, (©) remains the same Turbine work (a increases, (b) decreases, output: (c) remains the same Heat supplied: (a) increases, (b) decreases, (c) remains the same Heat rejected: (a) increases, (b) decreases, (c) remains the same Cycle efficiency: (a) increases, (b) decreases, (¢) remains the same Moisture content (a) increases, (b) decreases, at turbine exit: (c) remains the same10-9C Consider a simple ideal Rankine cycle with fixed turbine inlet temperature and condenser pressure. What is the effect of increasing the boiler pressure on Pump work input: (a) increases, (6) decreases, (0) remains the same Turbine work (a) increases, (b) decreases, output: (c) remains the same Heat supplied: (a) increases, (6) decreases, (©) remains the same Heat rejected: (a) increases, (b) decreases, (c) remains the same Cycle efficiency: (a) increases, (b) decreases, (0) remains the same Moisture content (a) increases, (b) decreases, at turbine exit: (c) remains the same 10-10C Consider a simple ideal Rankine cycle with fixed boiler and condenser pressures. What is the effect of super- heating the steam to a higher temperature on Pump work input: (a) increases, (0) decreases, (c) remains the same ‘Turbine work (a) increases, (b) decreases, output: (c) remains the same Heat supplied: (a) increases, (b) decreases, (c) remains the same Heat rejected: (a) increases, (6) decreases, (0) remains the same Cycle efficiency: (a) increases, (b) decreases, (c) remains the same Moisture content (a) increases, (6) decreases, at turbine exit: _(c) remains the same 10-12C Compare the pressures at the inlet and the exit of the boiler for (a) actual and (b) ideal cycles. 10-13 The entropy of steam increases in actual steam tur- bines as a result of irreversibilities. In an effort to control entropy increase, it is proposed to cool the steam in the tur- bine by running cooling water around the turbine casing. It is argued that this will reduce the entropy and the enthalpy of the steam at the turbine exit and thus increase the work out- put. How would you evaluate this proposal? 10-14C Is it possible to maintain a pressure of 10 kPa in a condenser that is being cooled by river water entering at 20°C?10-1 Why is excessive moisture in steam undesirable in steam turbines? What is the highest moisture content allowed? 10-2C Why is the Camot cycle not a realistic model for steam power plants? 10-3E Water enters the boiler of a steady-flow Camot engine as a saturated liquid at 180 psia and leaves with a quality of 0.90, Steam leaves the turbine at a pressure of 14.7 psia. Show the cycle on a 7:s diagram relative to the satura- tion Fines, and determine (a) the thermal efficiency, (b) the quality at the end of the isothermal heat-rejection process, and (c) the net work output. Answers: (@) 19.3. percent, (8)0.153, (c) 148 Btu/lbm 10-4 A steady-flow Camot cycle uses water as the working fluid. Water changes from saturated liquid to saturated vapor as heat is transferred to it from a source at 250°C. Heat rejec- tion takes place at a pressure of 20 kPa. Show the cycle on a T:s diagram relative to the saturation lines, and determine (a) the thermal efficiency, (b) the amount of heat rejected, in kifkg, and (c) the net work output, LI-4C Does the ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle involve any internal irreversibilities? 11-SC Why is the throttling valve not replaced by an isen- tropic turbine in the ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle? 11-6C It is proposed to use water instead of refrigerant- 134a as the working fluid in air-conditioning applications where the minimum temperature never falls below the freez- ing point, Would you support this proposal? Explain, 11-7C In a refrigeration system, would you recommend con- densing the refrigerant-134a at a pressure of 0.7 or 1.0 MPa if heat is to be rejected to a cooling medium at 15°C? Why? 11-8C Does the area enclosed by the cycle on a 7°s diagram represent the net work input for the reversed Carnot cycle? How about for the ideal vapor- compression refrigeration cycle? 11-9C_ Consider two vapor-compression refrigeration cycles. The refrigerant enters the throttling valve as a saturated liquid at 30°C in one cycle and as subcooled liquid at 30°C in the other one, The evaporator pressure for both cycles is the same. Which cycle do you think will have a higher COP? 11-10 The COP of vapor-compression refrigeration cycles improves when the refrigerant is subcooled before it enters the throttling valve. Can the refrigerant be subcooled indefinitely to maximize this effect, or is there a lower limit? Explain.