Nature

Nature of
of Intelligence
Intelligence
AET/500
AET/500
Instructor:
Instructor: Michael
Michael Burnett
Burnett

Karnita Gibson-Banister, Jessica Hanfland,

Cynthia McElveen, Rebecca Ralph and
Marquita Smith

Howard
Howard Gardeners
Gardeners Multiple
Multiple Intelligences
Intelligences
Introduction
Introduction

Gardeners Theory:
We are all able to know the world
through language, logicalmathematical analysis, spatial
representation, musical thinking,
the use of the body to solve
problems or to make things, an
understanding of other individuals,
and an understanding of
ourselves
Where individuals differ is in the
strength of these intelligences the so-called profile of
intelligences -and in the ways in
which such intelligences are
invoked and combined to carry out
different tasks, solve diverse
problems, and progress in various
domains."

Gardeners Argument:
A contrasting set of
assumptions is more likely
to be educationally
effective
Students learn in ways that
are identifiably distinctive
The broad spectrum of
students - and perhaps the
society as a whole - would
be better served if
disciplines could be
presented in a numbers of
ways and learning could be
accessed through a variety
of means."

Gardeners
Gardeners Seven
Seven Distinct
Distinct
Intelligences
Intelligences
Visual-Spatial

Think in terms of physical space,

as do architects and sailors
Very aware of their environments
Like to draw, do jigsaw puzzles,
read maps, daydream
Can be taught through drawings,
verbal and physical imagery
Tools include models, graphics,
charts, photographs, drawings, 3D modeling, video,
videoconferencing, television,
multimedia, texts with
pictures/charts/graphs

Bodily-kinesthetic
Use the body effectively, like a
dancer or a surgeon
Keen sense of body
awareness
They like movement, making
things, touching
They communicate well
through body language and be
taught through physical
activity, hands-on learning,
acting out, role playing
Tools include equipment and
real objects

Gardeners
Gardeners Seven
Seven Distinct
Distinct
Intelligences
Intelligences Cont.
Cont.
Musical
Show sensitivity to rhythm and
sound
They love music, but they are
also sensitive to sounds in
their environments
They may study better with
music in the background
They can be taught by turning
lessons into lyrics, speaking
rhythmically, tapping out time
Tools include musical
instruments, music, radio,
stereo, CD-ROM, multimedia

Interpersonal

Understanding, interacting with

others
These students learn through
interaction
They have many friends, empathy
for others, street smarts
They can be taught through group
activities, seminars, dialogues
Tools include the telephone, audio
conferencing, time and attention
from the instructor, video
conferencing, writing, computer
conferencing, E-mail.

Gardeners
Gardeners Seven
Seven Distinct
Distinct
Intelligences
Intelligences Cont.
Cont.
Intrapersonal

Understanding one's own interests,

goals
These learners tend to shy away from
others
They're in tune with their inner
feelings; they have wisdom, intuition
and motivation, as well as a strong will,
confidence and opinions
They can be taught through
independent study and introspection
Tools include books, creative
materials, diaries, privacy and time
They are the most independent of the
learners.

Linguistic

Using words effectively

These learners have highly
developed auditory skills and often
think in words
They like reading, playing word
games, making up poetry or
stories
They can be taught by
encouraging them to say and see
words, read books together
Tools include computers, games,
multimedia, books, tape recorders
and lecture

Gardeners
Gardeners Seven
Seven Distinct
Distinct
Intelligences
Intelligences Cont.
Cont.
Logical-Mathematical
Reasoning, calculating
Think conceptually, abstractly
and are able to see and
explore patterns and
relationships
They like to experiment, solve
puzzles, ask cosmic questions
They can be taught through
logic games, investigations,
mysteries
They need to learn and form
concepts before they can deal
with details

Graphic

Robert
Robert J.
J. Sternbergs
Sternbergs Practical
Practical Intelligence
Intelligence Intro
Intro
One theory of intelligence that Robert J. Sternberg
proposed as part of his three intelligences in human
cognition (Meunier, 2003)
Moves away from the concept of academic intelligence,
such as using problem solving for everyday life
(Merriam, Caffarella, & Baumgartner, 2007)
Does not help an individual much for an individual
When applied with the academic intelligence, it creates a
well-rounded intelligence for the individual
A student excelled in medical school but underperforms as a
doctor is lacking in practical intelligence to allow for success in
his field

Measuring
Measuring Practical
Practical Intelligence
Intelligence
Sternberg measured practical intelligence
with a concept titled tacit knowledge
(Meunier, 2003)
This was done by applying knowledge instead
of the knowledge itself
The knowledge is also commonly gained
naturally through academics by possible
personal interest (Meunier, 2003)

Daniel
Daniel Golemans
Golemans Emotional
Emotional Intelligence
Intelligence
Intro
Intro
Emotional Intelligence is also known as EQ is the ability
to identify, use, understand, and manage emotions in
positive ways to relieve stress, communicate effectively,
empathize with others, overcome challenges, and defuse
conflict. (Segal & Smith, 2014)
Daniel Goleman wrote a book in 1995 about emotional
intelligence which talked about four attributes: selfawareness, self-management, social awareness, and
relationship management
Mr. Goleman thinks that emotional intelligence should be
taught in schools along with regular academics

Four
Four Attributes
Attributes to
to Emotional
Emotional
Intelligence
Intelligence
Self-awareness

You recognize your emotions and

how they affect your thoughts and
behavior, know your strengths and
weaknesses, and have selfconfidence.(Segal & Smith, 2014)
As an adult learner self-awareness
is very important
When adult learners further their
education they have the potential
to form groups that provide
support for each other

Self-management
Youre able to control
impulsive feelings and
behaviors, manage your
emotions in healthy ways, take
initiative, follow through on
commitments, and adapt to
changing circumstances.
(Segal & Smith, 2014)
In relation to adult learners
self-management is a great
tool to have when coming back
into the higher learning field

Four
Four Attributes
Attributes to
to Emotional
Emotional
Intelligence
Intelligence Cont.
Cont.
Socialawareness
You can understand the
emotions, needs, and
concerns of other people, pick
up on emotional cues, feel
comfortable socially, and
recognize the power dynamics
in a group or organization.
(Segal & Smith, 2014)
As an adult learner you can
use these attributes in team
building within the classroom
and to better understand all
sides of a discussion

Relationshipmanagement

You know how to develop and

maintain good relationships,
communicate clearly, inspire and
influence others, work well in a
team, and manage conflict.
(Segal & Smith, 2014)
Managing relationships,
according to Daniel Goleman, is
the culmination of all the other
attributes of emotional intelligence
Adult learners can use all of these
skills to accomplish their goals of
completing their coursework and
getting a degree

Cultural
Cultural Impact
Impact on Theories
Gardener

Gardner proposed and

popularized the idea that there are
multiple facets to intelligence
(Gardner, 1983, 1998)
He argued that his intelligences
exist on the basic on their cultural
significance and their relations to
underlying brain structures and
functioning
On multiple intelligence Gardner
states, It is the culture that
defines the stages and fixes the
limits of individual achievement

Sternberg

Sternberg stated in an article that

intelligence cannot fully or even
meaningfully be understood
outside its cultural context
Behavior that is considerate
intelligent in one culture may be
considered unintelligent in another
Its important that we learn about
the different cultures in order to
understand how their multiple,
practical, and emotional
intelligence effect their lives.

Cultural
Cultural Impact
Impact on
on Theories
Theories Cont.
Emotional intelligence can be shaped by culture
depending on life views
When it comes to the affect of emotional intelligence
culture plays a huge impact
Depending on cultural views, one can lack emotional
intelligence. It has been stated that people who come
from a healthy culture usually are emotional intelligence,
and those with unhealthy cultures usually lack emotional
intelligence and have to work a lot harder to get and
keep their emotions together.

Resources
Resources

Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences.

New York: Basic Books.
Lane, Carla. The Distance Learning Technology Resource Guide
Merriam, S. B., Caffarella, R. S., & Baumgartner, L. M. (2007). Learning in
Adulthood (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.
Meunier, J. (2003). Human Intelligence. Retrieved from http://
www.intelltheory.com/practicalintelligence.shtml
Segal, J. & Smith, M. (2014). Key Skills for Raising Emotional
Intelligence. Retrieved from http://
www.helpguide.org/articles/emotional-health/emotional-intelligence-eq.htm
Gardner'sMultipleIntelligences www.tecweb.org/styles/gardner.html.
Intelligenceandculture:howcultureshapeswhatintelligencemeans,
andtheimplicationsforascienceofwell-being.Sternberg, RJ and
Grigorenko, EL