1.

_________________________________________________


: , .
,
.
1
299.792.458- .
1 km

1 000 m = 103 m

1 hm

100 m = 102 m

1 dam

10 m = 101 m

1 dm

0,1 m = 10-1 m

1 cm

0, 01 m = 10-2 m

1 mm

0, 001 m = 10-3 m

1m

0, 000 001 m = 10-6 m

1m

( ) : , , ,
, .
, , (
0,1 mm, 0,01 mm).
:
1. ( ).
2. .
:
,
:
- .
( ) .
-
- .
- 1.

 1.

a
(mm)

asr
(mm)

a
(mm)

amax
(mm)

a
(%)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.

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2.
_________________________________________________


,
.
:

(S = . b).

...

S=a.b

...

S = a . a = a2

( , S ).
( SI ) (m2).
e :
1 ha

10 000 m2 = 104 m2
100 m2 = 102 m2

1 ar

1 m2

1 dm2

0,01 m2 = 10-2 m2

1 cm2

0, 0001 m2 = 10-4 m2

1 mm2

0, 000 001 m2 = 10-6 m2

ha ,

ar -

:
1. .
2. .
3

:
,
:
-

.
.
2.

.
.
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

a
(mm)

asr
(mm)

a
amax
(mm) (mm)

b
(mm)

b
bsr
(mm) (mm)

amax
(mm)

S
S

2
(mm ) (mm2) S

2.

:_________________________________________________________________________
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3.
_________________________________________________

.
: s vo t
: a

2s
t2

at 2
. (vo = 0)
2

(1)

:
1. , (1).
2. .
3. :

s = f(t) s = f (t2)

4. s = f (t2) (1).
:
, , .
:
.
(1).

() ().
() 10 cm .
() 10 cm ().
- (2) .
,
(),
.
(4) .
(3).

2.

 , .
() ,
().
(t) () (),

( AB s ) .

() () 20 cm, 30 cm, 40
cm, 50 cm, 60 cm 70 cm.
.
:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

s
(m)

t
(s)

t2
(s)

a
(m/s2)

a
(m/s2)

(4):

3.

s = f (t2): s = __________

, t2 = ___________ .
6

 : = ____________
:____________________________________________________________________________
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_

4. _____________________________________

(E = Ek +
Ep = const.). :
(1) (2) ; Ek = 0,
Ep = mkgH + mTgh , : E1 = mkgH + mTgh (1)
, (1) (3), ,
m v2 m v2
E K T K , E P m K gH ,
2
2
:

m K mT v 2
(2)
E2
mK gH
2
:
, . (1)
(2), . (1= 2)?
:
(1), (2), (3), (4), , , .

4.
:
7

 (mK) (mT).
(1) (3), ,
, . ( ).
() ( ) ( = s)
(v).
( )
() . (3) . ,
(), (h)
(1), .
. . ()
().
5
:
:
:

mK = ___________

mT = ___________

s = ___________
v

h (m)

t (s)

s
t

v (m/s)

E1 (J)

E2 (J)

E (J)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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5.
_________________________________________________

:

:
, ,
:
1. .
2.
3. (). ,
( )
(Ftr).
4. , . (Fp).
5. :

Ftr
.
Fp

6. ,
.
7. : (sr).
8. .
:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Ftr (N)

Fp (N)

sr

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6.
_________________________________________________


.
FTR k N , :
k - ,
N - .
.
( )
, .
F < FTR. F = FTR ( ),
.
(k):
k tg

h
d

(1)

5.
:
1. - , - , (1).
10

2. .
:
, , , , ( ).
:
.
.
( ) .
.

. .
( ). = d
OB = h.
.
.
:
I :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

h (m)

d (m)

k ____________

k ____________

k ____________

k = ____________

II :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

h (m)

d (m)

k ____________

k ____________

k ____________
11

k = ____________

:____________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________

7.
_________________________________________________
(
)
.
, ,
.
. :
M I
:
M r F
M

a

r
I , I

:
.
:
, , , ,

12

 6.
:
. (2).
(1)
. , ().
5 .
r1 r2.
() () s .
, r1.
.
, (),
() ( ).
, ()
(), s ( ). t s.
.
5 r2.
:
:
..
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

r (m)

m (kg)

t (s)

a (m/s2)

(rad/s2)

F (N)

M (Nm)

r1

r2

13

2s
t2

F m g a

, (, , : = f ().

(2)

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8.
_________________________________________________

:
E

F L

S L

(1)

: F , S , L , L
.
:
1. (1).
2. .
3. L = f(F)
:
E

L F

S L

(2)

:
(1), (2), (3), (4), , .
14

 7.
:
1 -
2 -
3 - (500 g)
4 -
5 -
6 -
-
B -
:
.
, , L, . .

: S

d 2
4

(5) (6) ,
.
( ). ( m1).
2-3 ( L1).
.
.
.
:
:

L = _________________

d = _________________

S = _________________

T = _________________

1.
2.

m (kg)

F = mg (N)

L (m)

E (N/m2)

15

3.
4.
5.
:
:

E ___________

E ___________

E __________

T = ___________

F = ____________
L = ____________

8.
, (2) :
E = ____________

16

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9.
_________________________________________________

,
. . (.2.)
.
.2.

,
. ( ) h..

17

 x
hx ( ),
.

(0 = 72 10-3 N/m), h0
. .
.

hx (m)

h0
(m)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

x (kg/m3)

810

h
x x x 0
0 h0

0
(kg/m3)

0
10 (N/m)

1000

72

-3

x
(N/m)

kg
810 3 000000
N
m
x
72 10 3
m
kg
1000 3 000000
m

18

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_

10.
________________________________________________

.
:
Fo 6 r v

:
r -
v -

-
Fo - ( ).

19

Slika
(.1) v
. , , : (mg)
Fp. F = mg Fp
(1), : mg Fp = 6rv; ( v

l
).
t

( ):

t o t C

(2)

:
C

2r2g
9l

-
t
t l.
:
, (2).
:
(1), , , ( ),
(2), .
:
.
.
. . .
.
20

 .
.
( ) .
.
:
:

t = ___________

r = ___________

l = ___________

T = ___________

2r2g

9l

t (s)

(kg/ms)

kg/ms

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
:

____________

____________

____________

i i

100%

,
.

21

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_

11.
________________________________________________

( ),
.
:
( I II).
( ).
(. v = 1000 kg/m3).
:
____________________ ( ).
:
m ().
m = _________
22

 m1 () . (
). .
m1 = _________
m2
.
m2 = _________
V

m1 m2
; t m
v
V

:
t v

():

m
m1 m2

(3)

t = ____________.

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_

12.
________________________________________________

; ( ); ; -;
; .

23


(h = 0),
E1 = mgh.
. s = vt, ,
, .
E2

mv 2
mgs 2
, E 2
.
2
4H

/ .
,
.
, -,
.
h , H s , m .
g = 9,81 m/s2. :
..

m (kg)

h (m)

H (m)

s (m)

E1 (J)

E2 (J)

E1 E 2
100%
E2

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

/
.
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24

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Modul torzije

25

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