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, . 1945 2.912
1998 1.843 2008 1.550 .
:
Endthia parasitica,
.
,
.
: pH 5.7 6.4,
0.60 4.40. (42-50%), (13.6-19.6%)
(30-44%)
:

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.
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: , .................................... 1
............................................................................................................. 2
.............................................................................................................................. 4
1. ............................................................................................................................... 5
2. ........................................................................ 6
3. .................................................................................................................. 8
4. 1945 2008 ....................... 9
5. ......................................................................................................... 15
6. ........................................................................................... 18
7. ............................................................. 22
7.1. ............................................................................................................ 22
7.2. ............................................................................................................ 24
8. ...................................................................................................... 25
8. 1. .................................................................................................... 28
8. 2. ...................................................................... 28
9. ..................................................................................................... 33
10. ......................................................................................................................... 34
......................................................................................................................... 36

1.
,
,
.
.
,
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.
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80
.
,

.
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2013).

.

2.

800-1200 m
, 619.555 ( 1997,
2000). ,
(
1997).
.
, 2414.945
( 3034.5 )
.. 11
(.49538/6-41955 .47985/../14-2-1958)

. 4-3-1967
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, 37/1963
619.555 18
.
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.


....

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HELLAS, Oikoskopio)

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3.
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).
,
.
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(Conedera et al 2004;
Walker 2004).
, .

(, , ).

.
,
(. 10, 1945).
,
.
,

(Conedera et al 2004).

16 (Kizos and Plieninger 2008).

(Diamandis 2009).

4.
1945 2008

1945 ( 1) 1998 ( 2)
2008 ( 3).

,
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(
4,5,6).

1. 1945 (
). , .

10

2. 1998 (
). .

11

3. 2008 ( ).
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1945, (
7,8,9).
.
: 1945 2.912
1998 1.843 2008 1.550 .
1945 2008 50%
. 1945-1998.

12

4. 2008
. .

5. 1998
. .

13

6. 1945
. .

7.
1945-1998.
.

14

8.
1945-2008.
.

9.
1998-2008.
.

15

1945-2008
. pixels
. 1945 748.708 m2, 1998 757.046
m2 2008 882.876 m2. 1945 (
)
( 10).
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.

10. 1945
.

5.
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,
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16

,

. ,

. 50 .
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1

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700

693

714

693

385

(cm)

115

111

110

114

110

62

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349

363

388

195

3.4 /cm

2.8/cm

1.2/cm

()

17

11.
.

12.

18

Krebs et al (2012)
500
7 .
,
.

6.
10
5 x 5 (5 5
)
.

0,5 x 0,5 ,

Species Diversity & Richness 4.1.2,
( 2).
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52

59

Shannon-Wiener

2,566

2,162

Simpson

0,890

0,824

Pielou

0,762

0,722

- Whittaker

1,806

0,600

. -.

19

-

, ,
.
Jaccard
25,6%,
.

,

.
Allium orestis
2012
.
,
,

. ,
,

:
1. ,
. Erica arborea,
Pteridium aquilinum, Luzula forsteri, Trifolium physodes, Anthoxanthum
odoratum, Doronicum orientale, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Symphytum
bulbosum, .. .
Allium
orestis,

2012 ( 13).
(2012)

20

.
,
.
2. ,
.
,
.
Cerastium glomeratum, Holosteum
umbellatum, Stellaria media, Geranium molle, Rumex spp., Galium aparine,
..
3.

.
,

,
,

.
, .. Cerastium comatum, Paronychia macrosepala,
Hypochaeris glabra, Teesdalia coronopifolia, Petrorhagia dubia, Moenchia
graeca, Trifolium uniflorum, Sedum amplexicaule, Aira elegantissima, ..,
(Viola euboea,
Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta, Crepis hellenica).
,
,
. ,
,
.
4.
.

21

, ,
.

.
: Phragmites australis, Apium nodiflorum, Veronica beccabunga,
Catabrosa aquatica, Juncus spp., Ranunculus sardous, Montia arvensis,
Solenopsis laurentia, Isolepis cernua, ..

,
. ,
,
,
,
-.

13. Allium orestis, (2012)

22

.
,
.
, ,

.

,
-.
,
,

.

7.
7.1.
Endothia parasitica,
Diaportaceae
, , ,

.

.
.
, ,
. , ,
, .

23

,

. ,
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,
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8-10 .

24

7.2.
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.

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( 2004).
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.
.
,
.

25

14.

Endthia parasitica,
.
,
.
.

8.

(E2, 2)
(5cm, 25cm 40cm).
2 ( 15)
, ,
,
.
. ( 16)

26

.
.
,

. 2 ( 17)
,
, ,
.
.

15. 2

27

16.

17. 2

28

8. 1.
pH 5.7 6.4,
0.60 4.40. (42-50%),
(13.6-19.6%) (30-44%).
( 3).
3. .

pH

C%

5.72

3.6

42.4

13.6

44.0

25

5.74

0.60

47.8

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34.7

40

5.82

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34

25

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40

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25

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40

5.7

2.40

49.8

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30.7

8. 2.

2g

20ml

(PBS)
.

PBS 1:10, 1:100,

29

1:1000 ... 1ml

Petri.
45C
.
30C 24h.
: 2,25 g Nutrient Broth/ 0,75l H20, 3,75g Peptone / 0,75l H20,
1,5%

1% ,

.

(103
cfu/g )

70
60
50
40

30

20
10
0
5

25
(cm)

40

18.
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30

20

5 cm

(103
cfu/g )

18

17.5

16
14
12
10

8
6
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4
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.

70

cfu/g )

103

60

25 cm

60.5

50
40
30
20
10

5.5
0.5

0
2

20. 25cm
.

31

(103
cfu/g )

40 cm

5
4
3
2
1

0
2

21. 40cm
.

22.
.

32

2
( 18).
40 cm, 5 cm
( 18, 19, 20, 21, 22). , 40 cm
,
( 21) , 2


.
.

25 cm (
18). ,
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22). ,
.

,
.
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5 cm,
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, (97%)
5 cm ( 19, 22).

,
.
.

33

,

,
,
.

9.
.
, ,
( 23). 150200 ( ),
150-200
.

23.

34

10.


.

,
.

.

, , ,
, ( )
.

.
.
.

, .

.
.

.

.

.
(
).

.

35

( )
,
(.. ).

36

. .
. 2000. . --. ,
, . -
.
. 1986.
. .
/,.
. .
. Enquiry into plants. (translated by A. Hort). Harvard.
. 1997. , .
. .
Conedera M. Krebs P. Tinner W. Pradella M. and Torriani D. 2004. The cultivation of
Castanea sativa (Mill.) in Europe, from its origin to its diffusion on a continental
scale. Veget. Hist. Archaeobot. 13: 161-179.
Diamandis S. 2009. Greece. In: Following chestnut footprints (Castanea spp.).
(Avanzato D, Ed. International Society for Horticultural Science, Publ.
Krebs P. Koutsias N. and Conedera M. 2012. Modelling the eco-cultural niche of giant
chestnut trees: new insights into land use history in southern Switzerland
through distribution analysis of a living heritage. Journal of Historical
Geography 2012: 1-15.
Kizos T. and Plieninger T. 2008. Agroforestry systems change in the
Mediterranean: some evidence from greek and Spanish examples.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Studying, Modeling and Sense Making of
Planet Earth. Mytilene, Lesvos, Greece.

37

Walker K. G. 2004. Archaic Eretria. A Political and Social History from the Earliest
Times to 490 BC". Routledge, London.