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    7 views13 pages

    1972 QP Questions

    Uploaded by

    Mazin Alahmadi
    qre

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 13
    T October, 1972 Volumes Nom BB gthe Monthly News Magazine of the American Society for Quality Control quality progress Articles 42 Statistics, Techniques and Problem Solving PAR Prabhu Tincavtcle concerns the management of problem solving, diferent approaches, technique orientation and problem orien aton. The degree of success and achievement of objectives is determined by the participation of people involved 14 Motivating People in Japan Wiliam Fe Pabst J. “Tit Japarese have learned to produce high quality products 0 wel that rumblings of protectionism are being heard. Quality qoaiso practitioners must temember that-better quality at cheaper costs, the quality motto trough the years, does not stop, tt national frontiers. We must be proud of our accomplishments, 19 ASQC Quality Engineer Certification Exam uaro.ot the noe for belle preparation materials for ASQC certification examination applicants, the Education and Training Institute offers nere the questions and anwors of @ past certified quality engineer exam. Publication Staff News Highlights Special Features | Editor-in-Chiet 4 ASQC President stresses modern quality functions 42 Books SBryant VanCronknite CSraraa Prunddicyectetneconbuvone qual: | 47 Events oe ater {iy enpiooting can make 19 sore @ Mectngs Barone 6 Sonmict 45 publoners Volumes List 7 40 QP Review: Assistant Editor ways to remove the so So eee ee ae tiaren Lao Jacaves one false Production Editor eee 2 Viewpoint | Production 2 Tyegownapatnenhipteveenmescheansauty | Mer tay Assistant to the Eator "omeacical quolity contol tachniques ais the med: San asonmann fal and paramedial professions. Publications Assistant 31. Industry’s priority — world quality competition Fosaind Merzjewaki te agone Fears aiscasses the contbutions Contibutng Eator ‘ualiyand flality ean make to te national SoSogh Saran cere ‘Advertising 32 Computerized testing saves company tine, manpower Ropresentativ Comptoed esta yr oes ayo lie Sctanoo att Teleconmunicatons vty behanara 234 ust control in raphe at Loe Set ASE Commies aoe win other professional bee Paine, 60016 groups to buld qual contol programs upen the Sree 88 Irate tautsbnal foundation of cratemsnan. Northeast tittam Laure 3 Captams Walk er Photograph Rowayton, Conn, 06853 oo jotograp| 202 886-1140 S56 cacti ett Introduction by David C. Leaman, Director Education and Training Institute In 1968, ASQC reached a key dacision that launches one of the. most important programs in its history. That decision was to rovige the framework for identiying. and Sbtaining recognition for the fast-growing field oh Quality engineering. Time nas proved this to be a pioneering step in what how is recognized nationally by many other cnginecring sociales ae a necessary and Altemate “means of granting professional Slature fo the engineer otter than trough Slate licensure. Today there are a least we Separate" society-sponsored certifeation programs and the Engineers Joint Counell fase force on national certieation is well long on planning far integration ofall pro- gram into & universal scheme ‘This major step forward took ASQG into the public arena in @ way never before ox Derienced and has placed us on an Irevo: Eable course of action. As Prof ack Henry hes saig; if has become the "cutting edge bf the Society revitalizing older members, Stinging in new ones ano. stimulating an explosion of educational programs, both it~ Stlutional and. at the section revel. With S848 quality engineers certfed: 37 writen endorsements. pubile advertising, rms ane Contracie requiring certification” other 30- ties til2ing oUF program as @ guide, ana {he BJC activiy. the evolution of valid. vie bie, equitable and reliable examination is Sf ulmost concern ‘The several revisions in examination for mat and procedures are evidence that the Ett Board COE committee shares this con ern. AS the. publishing of a. past-exam- ‘nation on the following pages {tne latest Stop in this evolutionary process, t might be Well fo brelly review tho key" milestones fleng the way In the program's Tive-year story ‘The first major change was to eliminate the option format in favor of 2 WO-part xan covering “principles” and thei “appl fallon® to real problems. This was done in Fecognition ofthe need for qualified profes Slonals to be knowledgeable in all areas for teue certiieation ratnor inan to be special Tsien one or a few. It also improved admin- 'stration of the exam whieh enhanced Its Integnty and fairaess. ‘The original exam fang early changes wore the result of the Sintiing efforts of such men’ as Hy Pit Gayle hcelrath and Jack Henry. The next step was a big one — comput cezation of the exam to provige more accu: fate. rapid Searing and grading. plus item naive for future exam mprovernent. This analysis ineludes a correlation coetlicient ASQC Quality Engineer Certification Examination for each question/answer plus frequency Sxtoution of resus by examinee “he third stago of evdlution foung the ex. amination. commits. chaired. by Pal irensky, evaluating the areas of expertise thought to be germane to's mocern gualty tngieering practice This commitoes come posed of representatives of dustry nd eau- Eston, including itary "and consumer ood’ expanence, dotermined that thers ‘tore sight aroas ol expertise making up te ouy “or knowledge required to practice ually” engineering. They sito seperately SNatutes! he reatve weight or percentage fen category anould occupy or # bal snced exam Surpraingly.seopite the com- iitoe's varied bsckgrourd, al sight group percentage breaxgrounde. were wine 23 poreontoF each oiher These areas are Be Findemental” concepts. of probaly Sialstcal quality control and design xporimonts Gusity planning end management Rtapity and harntainabiy Quatty coat analysis Metology:inepedtion and testing Data proctaing. Gueity auating mat factors ind motivation Within these areas, "shangos”are_ being made to retest the resi nd changing world thea ence fc, (above Gradually has boon shied from nargware Srentavon te software tecogntion ofthe Srowng. imporance. ot quay “systoms Management Thus. ine nw te wil be dala collection, analyte and reporting." it also should be noted inl oespie the new ‘olabinty enginaor exam the COE wil con {inue tobe required to know baste relabity nd mainianabilty concept. Applying The Knowledge Throughout this evolutionary. process there nas been "a. concern for improving ways and moans of measuring a man's able Iy'to apply what he kaows! Ideally. an oral Comprehensive or a Several thousand word fssay might be best The latter's required In Some otfer society programs, but the for ‘ers almost an administrative impossibihty fn a nationwide scale. Thus, several "Word Problems” nave been introduces into tne SEhemaon portion of the exam in which ex: franeous information and. factory floor in fusions are included to forea situation eval- ation and. problem. solution. This is, thought to bean interim step toward full ‘case studies In which ihe examinee can de ‘velop nis thoughts and solutions, with orad> Ing on approach as well as solution. eanwmnile, the examination ‘committee, now chaired by Dr. Max Astischan, has own increasingly aware of the need Tor Ectter preperation materials, especially for applicants living in mote remote areas which donot enjoy the highly developed eesher ‘courses Thewe courses and prior exam experience may give some appl Gants‘ advantage over offers, In edton, continual fewsion ‘of format and improv ment of questions hag imited the “memory Poo!” for new exam development However, the ET! Board. at iis May 1972 meeting. determined that the time Nad come wtnen we Could publish past exam questions und take appropriate steps to develop that pool” for computer development of the exam by random selection 84 well 3s com" puter correction. also was felt that with {he help of those steady certied, a belle balance trom current practice could be ob- tained by soleting questions, hereby pro- viding an adequate working pool Alreacy, the tsponse te this request which many of you" nave receWed, has wean most. grat Ting! Mopetuly. Im Sue time, we may be bie to publish 4 hanabock of exam ques. fons °ftom which “current exams” are Seveloped “There have been other changes, mosty of an administrative nature. such as the acr= Yon of a woryearexperonge wave for an ‘AAS degree, the open-boak provisions cur Fenty ate under feview with several alter Fate’ approaches to. mitigate some current roblem® in ming However of primary importance here is tne publishing of past examination ques one. While these’ do not rellect all the Changes. "and “improvements mentioned Stbove, they do give a far more representa five picture than the 30 questions contained Inthe stuay ils. We plan continued tev Sons. toward" improvement ofthese hit Sampie questions wil remain. A the same time, tute issues of Quality Progress may Eontain additional” questiong for greater ‘wareness and better preparation. “ne correct answers in the following are printea im tales, and the questions. and fnultple ‘choice “answers. are exactly as they "appeared on earlier” examinations ‘There 1 of sourse. no guarantee that any of these’ il appear on future exams 18 the form "or sive shown. However, it Is hopes that this Tatest- developmental step vwil-enrigh the exam and provide amore Equitable and valid "certiieation program fotour guaity engineers APPLICATIONS 1. Given that random samples of process A produced 10 detective ‘and 30 good units, while process B produced 25 detectives out (of 60 units. Using the chi-square test, what is the probability that tho observed value of ehi-equare could resull, under the hypothesis that both processes are operating at the same qual= ity ever? 4 Lees than 5 percent. . Betwoon 5 percent and 10 percent.” ©. Greater than 10 percent, 4d. 60 percent 2. How many degrees of freedom should you use in the above problem? at be e3 aa 3. On the basis of the data in the previous problem, what would you conclude? 8. Nothing. The facts involving the consequences of a wrong ‘docision are unknown. b. The two processes are comparable. ©. The two processes are significantly diferent, 6, Reject the null hypothesis. 4, Color can be described as 2. One dimensional . Two dimensional ©. Three dimensional 8. Photometric, 5. Wear allowance on a go plug gage permits gages to be a. Sightly smaller in diamater than the low mit of specification, 1. Slightly larger in diameter than the low limit of specification. © Right on the low limit of specication, 4. Sight larger in diameter than the high limit of specication, 6. To insure success of a quality audit program, the most impor: lant activity for a quality supervisor is 2. Setting Up audit trequency, . Maintenance of a cnecking procedure to see that al required uci are pertormess &. Gotting corrective action as a result of audit tnaings. 4. Checking thal the aucit procedure is adequate and complete, 7. Measurement gaging is preferable to go-n0-go gaging in a Quality characteristic because: 2 itis more scientitc, provides the most information per piece inspected. © Itrequires greater skils 4. It requires a largor sample than gaging doos 8. Characteristics of a good incoming Inspection Department are 4 Witten and visual quality standards ». Proper inspection equipment and gages, Inspector knowledge of sampling techniques. J. Allo the above. 9. The technology for predicting human reliability in production processes 2° Is inevitably correlated with monetary rewards ©. Is represented by the many motivation programs in effect, 6.15 sil in the developmental stages 4. Is based on the determination of the workmanship error rate, 10. in planning for quality, an important consideration at the start '& The relation of tne total cost of quality to the net sales. ©. Tho establishment of a company quality poliey or objective. © Deciding precisely how much money is to be spent 4, The selling of the qualily program fo top management, 11. The sample size for a product quality auait should be 4 Based on MIL-STD-1050, , Based on the lot size ©. A stated percentage of production @. Very sath Which of the following nondestructive testing methods is best for rapid inspection of in. diameter carbon steel rod one foot long for surlace cracks? ‘8 Radiography ©, Ultrasonic ©, Magnetic particle 4. Liquid penetrant 13. To measure an angle on & work piece the most acute method would involve the use of 2 Asine-bar. A sotof plastic tangles. € A bevel protractor 4. None of the above. 14, Who has the initial zesponsibilty for manutactured product quality? 2. The inspector. b. The vice president © The operator @. The quality manager 15. What type of gaging instrument would you use to determine the Hactional part of an inch that can be read by multiplying the denominator of the finest subdivision on the scale by the total fhumber of divisions on the second scale? 2 Vernier B. Micrometer. © Comparator & Demonmeter. 18. Given the following results obtained from a fixed factor rando mized block designed experiment in which the production ou puts of three machines A, 8, C are compared a 485 7 6 B 201-24 C31240 How many degrees of treedom ace used to compute the ertor 22 3 12 17. What is the eriical value of F at 005 risk for the previous problem? 2399 b47s e340 4 #60 18. What is the sum of squares for the error term in the previous problem? 2170 8 330 240 14 18. The purpose of such an experiment described in the previous problem isto compare: 4. The output variances of the three machines. 1. The vanance of the machines against the errr. ©. The output averages of ihe three machines . The process capabilites of the three machines. 20, The term "random access" dentiies inform. ion stored a. Where all parts of it are designed tom. equally accessible when needed, ». Somepiace inside a computer, whose address only the com- puters scanning device can locate ‘6 Outside a computer, soit has to be sought by humans rather ‘man electronically 4. in the special part of the processing unit for temporary stor age only 21, Assume a large lot contains exactly 4 percent detective tems Using the Powson distribution, what © the probabilty that a random sampia of 50 items will not reflect the true lot quality? 227 273% © am 9. 67% 22. When setting up a sorting operation for 8 visual detect, which ‘one af the following is most important? 5 The importance of the detect . Whether the operator oF inspector does the job ©. The percent detective estimated to be in the fot 4, The quality standara. 23. A device used to measure viscosity oF consistency Is ». Faninagrapn ©. Consistometer. 1 Allof above 2 2. 28 2 30 a a 34 Which one of the following tasks has been shown to have the most incentive or motivational value tothe quality engineer? 4 Ailend detect control meetings, D. Document action taken on special problems, ©. Investigate product quality problems. 4. Initate correcive action to solve nonroutine problems Wen planning the specications for product quality In he so- callea “mechanical” industries: 8: Market research helps to establish economic tolerances. », Quality control develops products possessing qualities which ‘moat customer neods Produet research issves official product specifications. Product design assumes prime responsibility for establishing economic tolerances. In tne 90-callo " process” industries: 4 Quality conteol_has some responsibilty in choosing the process. », Quality contra! may help to establish process tolerances. © Process development issues process specications Al ofthe above. Snewhart X control charts are designed with which one of the following objectives? a. Reduce sample size Fix isk of aecepting poor product © Decide when to hunt for causes of variation. 6 Establish an accoptable quality level. If the probability ofa success on a single tial is 02, and 3 tials fre performed, what is the probability of at least one success? 2.0008 038 ©, 0.488 40.600 AR process is acceptable it Its standard deviation is not greater {han 10. A sample of four items yields the values 52,58, 53,55. In order to determine if the process be accepted or rejected, the following statistical test shoula be used: a test, B. Chiesquare test © Zest 4, None of the above. Umer planning the aly aspects of packing and shipping ts ‘not usual that the 4. Product design department specity packaging and shipping procedures b. Shipping department operations. ¢, Inspection department determine package specitications Inspection department check the adequacy of packing and shipping operations the aistibution of defectives among various lots is found to follow the laws of chanee, we can conclude that 2, The product was well mixed before dividing into los. ». The manutacturing process is not predictable © All ote should be accepted 6. None ofthe above is true Wmen purchasing materials from vendors, it is sometimes ad- vanlageous {0 ‘choose vendors whose prices are higher because 4. Materials which ost more can be expected to be better, and "you get what you pay Tor '. Such vendors may become obligated to bestow special favors. ‘6. Such a statement is basically incorrect. Aways buy at lowest bid price 4, Tho (uo cost of purchased materials, which should include noms such as. sorting inspection, contacting vendors and production delays, may be tower. Ina scanning type inspection task, inspection accuracy is likely to be greater it 8, The product moves toward the inspector rather than laterally past him, b. The inspector search the product, area by area, fr all types fof defects rather than the entire product for the type of efect ata time c, The magnification Is increased. {The product is scanned while i stationary rather than while ‘tis moving. In which one of the following is the use of an X and A chart laple to be helpful as a too! 10 control a process? ‘2. The machine capability is wider than the specification ®. The machine eapabilty is equal tothe specification conduct packing and shipping 35 36. 37 w, 40 2, «6 44 4s 46 The machine capability is somewhat smaller than the speciteation. 4. The machine capability is very small compared to the specification. ‘The basic concept of MIL-STO-105D sampling tables and procedutes is that 2 Poor product is accepted infrequently . Good product is accepted rarely. €. Poor product is accepted consistently. 9. Good product is accepted most of the ime. In acceptance sampling, the probability of accepting a rojecx tale fot is calle: 4. Bota B. AOL, © Alpha, 6 LTPD. Wnen performing calculations on sample data ‘a. The cumulative relative frequency graph that is often used is called a nstogram. . Rounging the dala has no effect on the mean and standara ©. Coding the data has no elfect on the mean and standars ‘deviation . Coding and rounding affect both the moan and standard ‘oviation. wren analyzing quality cost, @ helpful method for singling out the highest cost contributors is: 2. A series of interviews with the line foreman, . The application of the Pareto theory. ©. Ar aut of budget variances, {. The application of break-even and profit volume analysis. ‘One’ of the most important techniques in making & training program eltectve i 10 '2 Give poople meaningtul measures of performance. Transmit al of the information that is even remotely related to the function, «. Set inaiviaual goals Instead of group goals 1. Concentrate only on developing knowiedge and skills needed {0-do a good job ‘The Dodge-Aomig sampling tables for AOL protection. a. Require sorting of rojecied ots. ©. Are the same in principle as the MIL-STO-1050 tables. 6, Do not depend upon the process average 1 Require larger samples than MIL-STD-10SD for equivalent quality assurances. EVOP should be used ‘When there isa manutacturing problem, ®, When a process Is notin statistical contol. When an experimenter fist begins working on a new product. 4, When a provess is producing satisfactory material ‘Tree parts aro adcitive in an assembly. Their design speci tions for length and tolerance are 0.240 20.006, 0.3200 =0.0006, fand 1.360 20.008 respectively. Assume that each of the dis- Trbutions is normal. Combine these dimensions statistically {0 Sve a tinal length and tolerance to three decimal places. 21.360 =0.008, ». 0799 20.565, ©, 0640 0.010, 1920 s0.007 if a process is out of contol, the theoretical probability that four eonsecutive points on an X enact wil fall on the same side of the mean i 2. Unknown. ba © 20h Yet ‘An incomplete block design may be especialy sutable when: 2 There 1s missing data », There is need for fractional replication. €¢, It may Not be possible fo apply ail treatments in every block There Is need to estimate’ the parameters during the experimentation A cont esimale associated with average outgoing quality pro {ection is usualy determined from the: ‘8 Average fota inspoction. . Average outgoing qual, © Average sample size. 6, Acceptapie quality tinit Using 10 percent sample of each tot, with an acceptance rhumber of 2F0, regardless of lt sizo: {2 Results in a constant level of protection against bag product, ‘sty rors Oca, 172 21 a7 48 “a 0 51 sa 53 56. 56. 97. ». Assures a constant producer’ isk. © Abdicates the responsibilly for pre-determining quality requirements. 4g. Provides an AQL of 2010 and an LTPO of 10 percent Estimate the variance of the population from which the follow: ing sample data came: 22, 18,17, 20, 21 243 bey 619 6.50 ‘The operating characteristic (OC) curve of an acceptance sampling pian 4, Demonstrates how the plan wil reject all of the lots worse than the AQL. '. Shows the ability ofthe plan to distinguish between good and ad lors ©. Shows the relative cost of sampling for various levels of Quality 6. Demonstrates the advantages of double sampling over single sampling The quality cost of writing instructions and operating proce- {ures for inspection and testing should be charged to: 4. Appraisal costs © Internal lalure costs ©. Prevention costs, &. External failure costs, In a normal cistibution, what is the area under the curve be- ‘ween 20.7 and 11.3 standard deviation units? 3. 02908 © 0.7580 ©, 02580 4. 0.482 A uselul tool to determine when to Investigate excessive var lion in a process is 3. MIL-STD-1050. . Control char. ©, Bodge-Romig AOGL sampling table. 6. Process capability study. Calculate the standard deviation of the following complete set fof data: $2, 20,24, 91,95, 42, a. 108 oie © 128 6.138 Tis generally considered desirable that quality audit reports be a. Stated in terms different from those of the function being audited, ». Simple but complet. Sent to the general manager in all cases. Quanttate in all cases, Establishing the quality poliey for the company is typically the responsibility of 4, Marketing department . Top management. © Quality control . Customer. ‘Two balance scales are to be compared by weighing the same tiva items on each scale, yielding the following results: tems #2 Saks Scale “t1g 93 Tips ooeB 2 mS AL ‘The sharpest test comparing mean etfects is obtained by using which one of the following 2. Paired data fest of significance with 4 degrees of freedom. B.,_XacXe for 8 dogrees of freedom, 1nce for randomized blocks. 4. Detormining the correiation coetticient « "Determine the flux meter reading of the part per specification ‘This inspection instruction wolates which of the following Quid- Ing principles: aA. specific objective should be established for each inaction. b. Only necessary words should be used ©. The correct inspection method should be stated In oper- ational torms 6. Alvof the above. 2 value of 0.9973 refers to the probability that: 2. The process isin control B.A correct decision will be made as to control or lack of Control of the process, 58, v3, 60. 6 62, 64 66, 67. . The process is unstable. . 4. A point will fall inside three-sigma limits for an X chart it process isin contro. [A chan for number of defects is called: a. np chart b ponent ©. Kohart @, cena. Wien considering EVOP as a statistical too: a. A change in the means indicates that we are using the wrong model, b. An external estimate of the experiment error is necessary ©. EVOP may be extended beyond the two level factorial case. 4. We ave limited to one response variable at a time. A new EVOP should be run for each response. The Dodge-Romig tables for AOQL protection are designed to provide: 3. Minimum average sampling costs. ». Maximum protection against poor material. €. Maximum Fisk of accopting good lots 4%. Minimum average tote! Inspection for @ given process average Each value below is the number of defects found in a group of live subassemblies inspected. 77 6159 22 4 49 54 92 75 65 41 89 49 9% 45 87 55 33 48 77 40 25 20 Assume that a ¢ chart 18 to be used for future production Calculate the preliminary tree-sigma control limite from the above data: 2 825,289 ». 156.66 657.457 78.2, 932 Retering t0 the data in the preceding question, it points are ‘outside of the contol limite and we wish to set up a contol ‘chart for future production ‘2, More data are needed 1. Discard those points falling outside the contro! timits, for whieh you can ldentily an assignable eause, and roviee the limit. ‘© Check with production to determine the true process cepabily 4, Discard those points falling outside the control limits and fowse the mit Included as a “prevention quality cost" would be. 4. Salaries of personnel engaged in the design of measurement ‘and control equipment that Is "0 be purchased, b. Capital equipment purchased. ©. Training costs of instructing plant personnel to achieve pro- duction stanaaras 4. Sorting of nonconforming material which will delay or stop production, “The modern concept of budgeting quality costs isto: 2, Budget each of the four segments: prevention, appraisal, n- ternal and external failure ». Concentrate on external failures; they are important to the business since they represent customer acceptance, «Establish buaget for reducing the total of the quality casts, . Reduce expenditures on each segment ‘The percentages of total quali cost are distributed as follows: 56 2 Prevention EY Appraisal 33% Internat Failure 35% Exieral Failure 50% We can conclude 2. Expenditures for failures are exces © Nothing. ©. Wa should invest more money in prevention. {The amount spent tor appraisal sseme about right Specitying a tolerance by *0.000,-0.001 ls known 28 2 Bilateral tolerance. Limit gimensioning © Manufacturing limits & Uniateral tolerance Component 1 has an exponential failure rato of 3x10 failures er hour. Component 2 normally is distributed with a mean ot 500 nous and standard deviation of 200 hours. Assuming inds- endence, calculate the reliability of the system after 200 hours. _—— 6s, 6, 70. 7 7. 73 74, 75. 16. 78, 2. 087e—} > bo98 © 0940 6.0977 ‘The main objection of designed experimentation in an indus tral environment is 4 Obtaining. more information for less cost than can be ob- tained by traditional experimentation b, Getting excessive scrap as 2 result of choosing factor levels that are 100 extreme. «6. Veniying that one factor at a timo is a most economical way to proceed, 4, Obtaining data and then deciding what to do with it Using the range method, calculate the machine capability tan- dard deviation to nearest 0.0001 of the following BAM OAM OAM. TTAM. ‘oot ‘0.003 ‘0.001 0.008 3001 6.008 8.002 0.006 6.003, 003 = “0.003 8.008 9.002 ‘.004 ‘o.002 8.008 Soot 6.002 6.000 6.008 2. 00028 ». 00870, 2 00013 4.00020 ‘The purpose of a written inspection procedure is to: a. Provide answers to inspection questions. ©. Lot the operator know what the inspector is doing, ©. Foot-proot the ingpection function 4. Standardize methods and procedures of inspectors. ‘The smallest size ain, micrometer can measure i asin bin e Tin 6.2510 Siudies have shown that the most effective communications method for transterring information is 4 Oral only '. Watton only. ©. Combined writen and oral. 4, Bulletin board Maintainabitty of an equipment may be measured in terms of 8 Maintenance collar cost. ®, Maintenance manhours ©. Repair time. 4. Allo the above, ‘Assume that the cost data avalable to you for a certsin period fare limites to the following: $5 20.000 - Final tost ‘350,000 - Field warranty costs 470,000 - Reinspection and retest 45,000 - Loss on disposition of surplus stock 4,000 - Vendor quality surveys 30,000 = Rework ‘The total of the quality costs is: a. $619,000 $574,000 «. $615,000 4. $570,000 In the previous problem, the total failure cost is 2. $580,000 ®. $30,000 «$350,000 $380,000 In analyzing the cost data in quostion 74, we can conclude that 4. Provention cost is too low @ proportion of fotal quality cost Total of the quality costs is excessive. ©. Internal falure costs can be decreased 1. Appraisal costs should be creased, ‘The design function which assigns probability of failures be- {ween components or subeystems i called 12 Apportionment. ©. Signiticance. ©. Confidence. © Quatitieaton ‘An important aid to the quality supervisor in the area of record keeping and data processing is: 2 Adaptability of records to computer processing '. Using weledesigned forms and records. €. Getting sufficient copies of records and reports distributed 10 key porsonnel @. Training. inspectors to follow inspection instruct procedures. 79, wnat piece of data processing equipment can facilitate the handling of common quality control calculations on EDP ‘equipment? {Boolean algobra transiator. Collar. ©. Matrix inverter. Tensor analyzer, 80, Tabular arrays of data and graphs on the same page are espe- cially useful in quality control work because: ‘1. Both are there for those who don’ like graphs only '. Graphs help spot data transposition or errors. © Control imits can be easily applied, 4. Allof above. For complex slectronic equipments, the major contributor to repale time is generally 2. Diagnosis. B. Disassombiyireassombly ©, Remove/replace, Final enackout 82, What is the major drawback to using punch cards in a sophis- tteated information rerieval system? 4. They angwer only one question in a complete pass ofthe fle. Bb. They do not store suicent information. They take up too much space {2 Thay are not a8 fast as magnotic tape. 83, The sequence of punched fields for punched cards generally should be the same as fa. The data trom previous reports with similar source data ©. Prescribed trom the output report. ©, No generally accepted practice can be prescribed. 6 a ne and 8 The data fo be punched from the original documents. reliability test conducted during the pre-production slago Is calles 1 Demonstration test ®. Acceptance test. © Significance test 4. Qualification test 185. How many standard deviation units, symmetrical about the mean, will span an area around the mean of 40 percent of the {otal area unger the normal curve?” 2088 B02 e528 9-025 186. process is checked at random by inspection of samples of four shatts after @ polishing operation, ang X and R charts are ‘maintained. &\ person making a spot check measures two shafts Accurately, ang plots their range.on the Rchart. The point falls Just outside the control limit. He advises the department fore- man to stop the process. This decision indicates that 2. The process level is out of contro} The process level is out of contro! but not the dispersion. © The person is misusing the chart 4, The process elspersion is out of control 87.11 X and ¥ are dependent random variables, and it X has vari- ance 4 and ¥ has variance 3, than the variance of 5X - Vis "108 B28 ei 1. Unknown, 88, Test and inspection equipment should be: a. Replaced periodically. Bb. Coveres when notin use, © Calibrated periodically. 4. As sophisticated as possible 89.4 process is in control with = 0.10 and n » 100. The three- ‘sigma limits of the np-control chart ar: a. fand 19 B. 9.1'and 109) ©, 00rang 0.19 6, 007 and 0.13, 90 The metric system: ‘a. "Is based upon the circumference of the earths equator B. Originated in England © Is etter than the ineh-pound system, 4. Is logal in the United States, Failure Rate _ = THEORY ‘Accuracy is ‘2 Getting consistent results repeatedly », Reading to four decimals, €. Using the best measuring device available . Gotting an unbiased tre value. Classification of cnaracterstics fle the same as classification of defects 5. Can only be performed alter product 's produced ©. Must have folerances associated wilh it 4. Is independent of defects. th planning EDP applications, which element is necessary 10 reduce computing costs: a Selecting quality control applications having litfe input and output but extensive calculations », Selecting applications with high volume input and output but simple calculations, € Alimited number of highly repetitive jobs. {6A group of obs where output of one detormines the input of another. A Latin square design is an experimental design which: ‘2. Cannot be used when an estimation ofthe interaction effcts ‘eaosired ». Alfords a good estimate of interaction effects. Is usoful Because the underlying distributions need not be nrmal «@, Avoids the need to assume that the elfects are additive Measurement error: 8. Is the faut of the inspector. 3. Can be determined. Is usually of no consequence. . Can be eliminated by trequent calibrations of the measuring device, Precision is 42. Getting consistent results repeatedly ». Reading to four or more decimals. ©. Distinguishing small deviations trom the standard value {9 Extreme care in the analysis of data. ‘The concept of accelerated cycling or burn-in program of all evices for six months under normal operating conditions would 2. Reduce premature falures in use. 5. Improve constant tile rate probability © Be of lite usa, 6. Assure an acceptable quality to the customer. In the failure rate model shown below. the part of the curve Ientiliog a8 A represents: a. The “bath tub" cune 5. Random ang independent falures fitting a Poisson model 6 The debugging period for complex equipment. . The wear-out period, ‘What results can you expect from OIE in the area of quality Lowered equipment utilization factors », Reduced percents defective for both serap and rework, €. Less extensive and complicated equipment maintenance 4, Decreased quality control direct and indirect labor. ‘The most fective too! for action in any quality control pro- gram is 8 The effect on protits. The type ana scope of quality reporting 1% 16. 20. 2 5 @ ‘& The dynamic nature of the quality manager 4, Vala feecback ‘The. application of {2 Identies reasons why errors are made. » Is practical example of using psychological techniques on workers «. Ig identified with a formal quality motivation program. 4. Relates attitudes and prejudices among plant personnel 2 goal of quality cast report should be to 1. Got the best product quality possibie ©. Be able to satisty MIL-0-8858A. €: Integrate two tinencial reporting techniques. 1. Indicate areas of axcessivo costs, ‘The concept of quality cost budgeting a. Involves budgeting the individual elements B. Replaces the tractional profit and loss statement © Does not consider total quality cost 4. Considers the Tour eategories of quality costs and thair gon eral ends. When anew manutacturing process is contemplated, an impor {ant reason for scheduling a trial production otis fa. To prove engineering feasibility '. To prove thatthe pilot plant results are the same as those in the production shop «6. To prove thatthe tools and processes can produce the prod: uct suocesstuliy with economic yields. 4. That itis inexpensive. ‘The ettectve supervisor: a. Secs his role primary as one of making people happy. ©. Sometimes does a job himself because he can 60 it better than others, €. Has objectives of growth and increased profit by working ‘through other people. 4. Assumes the functions of planning, decision making and monitoring performance, but leaves personnel development {othe personnel department Sources of quality cost data go not normally include: a. Scrap roports. Labor reports, ©. Salary budget reports & Capital expenaiture reports. To achieve consistent let-by-lot protection the receiving ins spector should 4. Allow no detective product into the shop. ». Return al ejecteg lots to the vendor. ©. Not know how the vendor inspects the product 4. Use a sampling plan basod on LTPD. Wrich one of the following would most closely describe ma- chine process capability? '. The process variation. ©. The total variation over a shift ©, The total variation of all cavities of @ mold, cavities of a de cast machine or spindles of an automatic assembly machine 4. The variation in a very short Yun of consecutively produced parts. A correlation problem: 2. Is solved by estimating the value of the dependent variable for various values of the independent variable '. Considers the joint variation of two measurements, nolthor of which is restricted by the experimenter. Is the one case where the underlying distributions must be geometric. 4.16 soled by assuming that the variables are normally and human factors in a plant production Independenty alstrbuted with mean = O and variance ‘The ratio” probability density funetign(t) 1 called retabiiiy 2. Usetul life B. Faiure rate © MTBF 4. Median, For the exponential model, the reliability at mean time to failure ‘s about a o7% . 50% ar 73% 1" chart: Gan be used for only one type of detect per chart Pots tha number of defects in @ sample Plots either the faction or porcont defective in order of time, Plats variations in dimensions. Maintainabity i ‘2 The probability that a system will not fall B. Tho process by which a system is restored to operation after failure A characteristic of design and instalation. The time required to restore a system to operation ater 24, The basic reason for randomness in sampling isto: 44 Make certain thatthe sample represents the population, 3, Elina personal bias, ¢. Guarantee to reaice the cost of inspection @. Guarantoe correct it inferences 25. To site that the levels of a factor are fixed indicates that: 4. The loves are 10 be set at certain fixed values. ©The equipment trom which tne data ae collected must not be moved! «, The factors under consideration are qualitative {The levels were chosen from a finite population, 26.When considering qualitative and quantitative factors in the same designed experiment 2. The sum of squares for the qualitative factors can still be calculated even though no numerical scale can be attached (athe vols », Tables of orthogonal polynomials do not apply because no ‘numerical sale can be attached to one of the factors. «The interactions between qualitative and quantitative factors fo longer make sense ©, The tables of orthogonal polynomials apply to both types of {actors if the levels of each are equally spaced. Quality information equipment (QIE) 1s the physical apparatus vwhich is concorned with: Data collection and analysis. 5 Data collection, storage and retrieval. ©, Data collection and storage, 4. Data collection, analysis and feedback 28. When constructing a factorial experiment, one of the folowing {Factorial experiments may not contain any number of levels per factor They must be the same for each factor. Confounding takes place in factorals when we run a frac- tional part of the complete experiment. «, Contrasts ang teatment combinations are the same. In factorials the factors must be quantitative 29. Characteristics are often classitied (critical, major, etc.) so that: 2. Equal emphasis can be placed on each characteristic. ®, Punitive action against the responsible Individuals can be equitably distributed «, An assessment of quality can be made. 4. A quality audit is compatible with management desires. 30. Tue testing variability can be obtained in a destructive testing situation under one of these conditions: ' Enough samples have been tested cannot be obtained. €. All samples ere taken closely together. 43 The same person and instrument are use. 51, Recagrizing the nature of process variability the process capa- bility target usually ‘2. Looser than product specications ». The same as product specifications Tighter than product specifications. 4. Not related to product specifications 82, There are two Basic aspects of product quality a In-process and finished product qually ©. Appraisal costs and falure costs, ©. Quality of design and quality of conformance. 6. Impact of machines ang impact of men. 38. The error term €j, of the population model is usualy considered 12 Normally and independently istributed with mean = 0, vari ». Normally and randomly distributed with mean = 0, variance 1 a ¢, Randomly distributed with mean 6 x 4 2 Xy rH Ty 6 0, variane a 36 m Ea 0. “ 2 4 46 4. Normally and independently distributed with mean = 0. vari- ance = Oy" ‘random variable {2 May be either discrete or continuous, Is callea. “random” because it depends on the normal distribution «Ie called “variable” because it refers tothe variance, Is allot the above Wich one of the folowing isa tue statement of probability? 3 PIE and F) = PIE) PIF) 5. Pte orF) = PLE) PEF). ©. P(E or F) = PIE) * PIF) - PE and F. 4. P(E and F) = P(E) = PIF) ~ PIE and F). When finding @ confidence interval for mean jt based on a sample sizo of: 2 Increasing 1 increases the interval. D. Having to use sy instead of | decreases the interval {© The latger the interval, the bettor the estimate of 4. Increasing n decreases the interval ‘A parameter Is 2 arangom variable ». A samp value. ©. A population valve. 4. The solution toa statistical problem Which trigonometric function finds the most use in ordinary lnguler measurement? a. Sine ®, Cosine. ©. Tangent 4. Cotangent In the pre-production phase of quality planning, an appropriate activity would be to: 4 Determine responsibilty for process control ». Determine the technical depth of availablo manpower. 6. Establish compatible approaches for accumulation of pro- cess cata 4. Conduct process capability studies 10 measure process expectations Process acceptance involves decision making with regard to: 12 The type of equipment or machinery used to process items during menutacture. i. tems not yet made; that is, approval of “tirst piece periodic chocks during a production run. «. tome already made regardless of the technique used to con- tWol quality during processing 4, Aeceplance sampling using MIL-STO-1050. The control chart that most sensitive to variations in a mea~ ap chart ». pn chart ©. gchar 4 Xand @ chart Winen one fist analyzes quality cost data, he might expect to fina that relative to total quality costs: 2. Costs of prevention are high, ©. Costs of appraisal ae high ©. Costs of failure are high 6. Allof above ‘The assumed probablity distribution for the control chart for number of detects i the 2. Binomial distribution Poisson distribution. ©. Normal distribution 6. Student's "distribution B statistic 8. The solution to problem. 8. A population value. ©, A positive number between 0 and 1 inclusive. 4. A sample value. Sensitivity i: a Extreme care in data analysis ©. Abinty to distinguish differences in the response variable, ©, Gotting the ue result. 4. Using the best measuring device. ‘Quality costs shoula not be reported against which one of the following measurement bases, 2. Direct labor. Sales. ©. Net profit, 4, Unit volume of production. and 47 49, 51 52 53, 58. 66. 67 59, A computer “program” is: ‘4. The overall computer projet for an entire company. B.A set of instructions fo accomplish a given set of eatculations . A subset of instructions lator patched into a larger project. Instructions written only in basic computer language. 1A experiment indicates: 4. Two levels of three factors ©. Three indepandent variables and two dependent variables. ©. Three lovels of two factors 4. Two go-no-go variables and three continuous vanables. Information generated ina designed experiment 2. Always results in an analysis of variance table. ». Is based on the fact that “the variance of the sum is the sum of the variances. c. Must always be quantitative 4, May be based on values which are not necessarily numerical Historically, under the sorting-inspection type of quality control function ‘2. When failure costs rise, appraisal costs fall '. Failure and appraisal quality costs trend together. €. When failure costs fal, appraisal costs rise. 4. Failure and appraisal costs generally remain unchanged. ‘A classification of characteristics makes it possible to ‘2 Separate the "vital few" trom the "Wal many” kinds of detects ». Direct the greatest inspection effort to the most important quatty characteristics, Establish inspection tolerances, {, Allow tne Inapector to choose what to inspect and what not to inspect A trequency polygon: {2 [5-2 plot of connected points whose ordinates are propor- tonal to cell lrequencies. b. Is also known as a cumulative relative frequency graph, 6. Is also known as a Sampie distribution function 4. Apples only to dsereta random variables, The beta risk i the risk of ‘Selecting the wrong hypothesis. ». Accepting an hypotnesis when it is false. © Accepting an hypothesis when it is true 6. Rejecting an hypothesis when is true It two-sigma limits are substituted for conventional three-sigma limits on 2 control chart, one of the following occurs "Decrease in alpha risk B. Increase in beta risk. ©, Increase in alpha risk. ©. Increase in sample size What conaitions are now developing which slallation of QIE for continued quality contol effectiveness? ‘8 Need for better vendor-vendes relations, 'b. Mechanization and automation of manufacturing operations. © Automation and mechanization of data processing activities. &. Now and more accurate measurement methods ‘The hypergeometric distribution is: 4. Used to describe sampling without replacement trom a finite population where there are several Outcomes for each trial ». A continuous sietbution ©. A discrete distibution with its expected value equal to its 4. The limiting distribution of the sum of several Independent discrete random varables. ‘The two factors that have the most to do with determining an attributes sampling plan (assuming a binomial aistribution) are 2 Sample size and rejection number. ©. Lot size and sample size «, Lot size and acceptance number. 4. None of above. Ratios of two variances drawn from the same normal population ate deseabed by which one of the folowing distibullons? ar ®, Students “t © Chissquare. 4. Normal Deining the required data output should be: 42 Performed next after the use of & Computer is economically |ustiieg », Performed next atter input preparation, © Done in such a way as to optimize computing formulas, «, The frst step in computer planning. 6 Ca a, 65, or. Quality cost trend analysis ig taciitated by comparing quality costs to 4 Manutacturing costs over the same time period ». Appropriate measurement bases. © Cash flow reports. 6. OC department budget. 100 percent inspection fs: 4. Used fo sort toms, B. At bast only 60 percent effective. © Assuros.a satisfactory outgoing quality lev. 4. Is theoretically unsound but ig an excelent practice. “The basi statistical principle in EVOP ts the: ‘a. Ability to find small significant differences through terge samplo sizes. », Operating with low levels of confidence {Making large changes in independent variables 4, None of these. ‘The following is an example of what type of response surtace? a. Rising ridge. '. Maximum or mieimum © Stationary ridge Minimax When considering a factorial experiment, observe tht: 1. This experiment cannot be used when complete randomize tion is necessary, b. A main otfect may be confounded. This type of design is not encountered often in industil ‘experiments, 4. One of the advantages is that an exact test always exists for ail effects, “The factor Dy used in K and R control charts is: 4. The distance between the mean and the upper control limit of 4 range chart. ', The numbar of defects in a second sample, © The constant whien corrects the bias in estimating the popu lation standard deviation from the average range of randomly drawn samples 4. The probability that is in control “The power of efficiency in designed experiments les in the: 2. Random oraer of performance, ©. The sequential and cyclical procedure of conjecture to de sign to analysis and back to conjecture. ¢. Hidden replication 4. The large number of possible combinations of factors. In planning process controts: 22 Deciding whether the process runs or not is determines by ‘whether the resulting product conforms or not 'b The basic approach follows the servomechanism oycle so common in engineering. «© Collection of information goes hand-in-hand with decision ‘making, 1. Mecting process specification tolerances is the same as meeting product tolerances In the planning Tor quality information equipment, an appro- rate activity would be to: {8 Review present process capabilities to permit correlation with newer processes. ». Establish training plans as required for tho operation of the equipment. ‘, Establish the routine for eneckout and calibration tooling. 8, Evaluate process cost relative to performance, ‘The most important reason for'a checklist in a process contol avait is to oe 10. 7. = 18, [Assure thatthe auditor is qualitie. Minimize the time required for audit. Odtain relatively uniform aut NNotty the auaited function prior to audit the analysis of variance! ‘The total gum Of squares of deviations from the grand mean Js equal 9 the sum of squares of deviations between treat- ‘ment means and the grand mean minus the sum of squares of Gevlations within treatments The tla! standars deviation is equal to the sum of the stan- ars deviation for the treatment effect plus the standard do- ation of the random ertor , The degrees of freedom are additive. ‘S.A basic population model can be constiucted to represent the behavior of the experimentation. It has been found that the more complex the inspection task the less accurate the inspection becomes. This can be partially overcome by. 4 Using several inspectors in a team approach ». Reducing the inspection task to a seanning operation ©. Proviging inspectors with an unlimited amount of inspection 4, Restricting inspection time in order to encourage incroased concentration on the part of the inspector. In linear measurement, what overriding consideration should guide the quality control engineer in specifying the measuring instrument to be used? 3: The ability of the instrument to be read to one decimal place beyond the places in the base dimension or tolerance. The ability af the insirument to meet an error Gesign goal of 10 porcent «. The combination of base dimension and tolerance as they relate to measurement error. 4. Tho ability of ine instrument-nspector system to obtain the necessary correct information at minimum overall cost ‘oouble sampling Is beter than single sampling because: It involves les inspoction regardless of lot quality Bult tho first sample rejects the lot the second sample will accept it «tis more economical except when lots are of borderline ‘uly 4,18 easier to administer In every experiment there Is experimental error. Which one of the folowing statements 1s rue? 2 This error is due fo lack of uniformity of the material used in the experiment and to inherent variability nthe experimental technique. ', This ertor can be changed statistically by increasing the degrees of freedom, «The error can be reduced only by improving the material. 4. Ina well-designed experiment there s no interaction effect, ‘The intentional difterene in tho sizes of mating parts is the a. Specification. Clearance. ©. Natural tolerance. 4. Satisfactory functioning The uilimate standard for U.S. units of measurement, used to voniy al masters is 2 The official meter, The imperial yard €. The length of alight wave. 4. The Geiger counter ‘The primary visual consideration in designing an inspection workspace i 1. The environmental color decor because of its psychological ottect », The size an shape of the inspection table or bench. ©. The ilumination and how itis provided. 4. The trafic flow in oF Rear the ingpestion station. Let X-be any ranéom variable with mean #t and standard de- Viation o”, Take 2 random sample of sizen. AS m ncreases and 48.4 result of the Cental Limit Theorem 4 The distribution of the sum Sq=% +X... +Xq_ ape proaches a normal distibution with mean. and standard Seviaion o//a b. The distribution of Sy=X, + Xs+. .. ¢Xq approaches a normal cistributlon with mean {Land standard deviation of ¢. The distribution of X approaches a normal distribution with mean nt and standard deviation on 4. None of the above. 7 80, at 22 3, oa 8s, 86, 7 88, 8, Inthe regression equation y = mx + b, y increases with x in all ait is positive B.Itbis negative. ©. I mis postive. 9. ms negative. ‘The basic objective of a quality cost program isto: a, Identity the source of quality failures. ©. Determine quality contro! department responsibilies, «Utilize accounting department reports 4. Improve the profit posture of your company. Management is constantly seeking new ways to make profitable use of their expensive computers. Which of the following com- ulor applications promises 10 be the most beneficial from managements standpoint? 2 Decision making’ help techniques. », Wider Use as an accounting machine. ©, High density Information storage ang rapid retrieval 4. Solution of complex mathematical formulas. In comparing the philosophies of "tight tolerances loosely en- forced" and "realistic tolerances righly enforced,” we can con clude thet a. The first one is prefered . The second one is preferred. ©. Neithor ¢ realy practical, 4. Bath have a place in any production operation ‘Good forms design and layout are essential In both manual and lactronic data processing because: 12 They are easier to read, check data, use and fit B. They are cheaper (faster) to use although initial cost is higher than quickly made forms, «6. They help to avoid typographical errors. 4. Allof above Fandom selection of a sample ‘Theoretically means that each item in the fot had an equal hance 10 be Selected in the sample b, Assures that the sample average will equal the population average, Means that a table of random numbers was used to dictate the selection, 4. 1s a meaningioss theoretical requirement. ‘The binomial distrbution is @ ciecrete distribution and may be uses to desoribe: 2 Sampling without reptacement from a finite population. b. The case of n independent Irals with probabilties constant from tral f9 tral ce. The case of m independent trials with several outcomes for each tral 4. Sampling without replacement from a finite population where there are several outcomes for each tial ‘one defective is ‘8. An item that is unacceptable tothe inspector. The same as one detect ©. Acharacteristic that may be unacceptable for more than one 4, An item that fils to meet quality standards and specifications. ‘The permissible variation in a dimension isthe in combination with simulation a. Clearance ©. Allowance , Tolerance. 9, Measurement. _ This expression nlp, janx isthe following: pt aTTaeP (VPI ‘2, General term for the Poisson distribution ©, General term for the Pascal distribution. ©. General term for ie binomial distribution, 4. General term for the hypergeometric cstibution ‘Te standard deviation 2s @ percent of the mean is calle: a. Relative precision 'B. Costfciant of variability. Standard deviation of the mean. Standard error. Monte Carlo method refers toa technique for 2. The simulation of operations when random variations are an ‘essential consideration '. Programing roulette for maximum return. ©, Random sampling from homogeneous population 1 Establishing quantitative values to unknown restrictive vari= ables in inear programing. ‘We provaly recognize the folowing 263 ad- ditions to the elite ranks of American ‘Society for Quality Control cerified — qual ity engineers. These new CEs were among 4480 poople wino took the exam in 48 loca- tions, our second largest exam on record. ‘The ranks of quality engineering profes- sionals has grown to $448 with the com pletion of the June exam, | ‘actos 4 Wost-~ Wesnngnoubo focine Corp Boxe Sit enn Bots Cor, BRIN Soca Senseo matics 35 ae ‘Feta t. MeCann xe — Unted Stats Air Force ec, FSGy) tw — Gna Sta Department of en an i Se cor. ioe e SERAIPEBandanto at ne 28 Out Popes: toe 972 June CQE Exam Results SEINE ate Boson cov. ‘Baws nde Srna GSS aes’? ays tfemaran ne tetra Manutactning Co, ‘Bea Rocco ~ Revais Chemea! Ca Sips Soe see Ses Se Se ie Saco ot — eon cor al ieee Scag = Sats ae ee ESSERE enter com, BEBE mene — Acne Oo FESS sumpaige 010 corm soe Seiee ace = ene re Sees, ie fe cere ee Seta Sete, Matic ese 8 Space co Cat 6. Taper — iestnghouse Electric Com Se ein O'S Gonerment OAS fox MY tloyen a — Suparssr of Snipoutang See lee Gore, — E T I The Education and Training Institute Announces the1972-1973 Short Course In QUALITY CONTROL ENGINEERING * WHEN * 2603 November 13-17, 1972—Milwaukeo, Wi 3608 February 1923, 1973—Miiwaukee, Wis. 605 April 30-May 4, 1973—Mllwaukeo, Wis: * WHAT * Qualty Conta! Engineering is a total quality contro! concept! encompasses the planning, evaluation. control and reporting part of the ASQC management course, this vital subject ie expanded in Gepin to provide an intensive woek of stUdy into the rola of ‘ually engineering as an effective arm of management from {design and vendor control through manufacturing and tost; to packaging and shipping, with emphasis on reliability assurance fand customer service through timely feedback and effective Corrective action. QC Engineers perform the diagnostic ser- ‘ices of the quality function and as such are equipped with ie latest statistical techniques and other objective problem solving tools £0 they can provide thelr management with the ‘rection and correction basi to the economies of better quality at reduced costs yelding Improved profi. The student is shown tte key elements of a total quality system and how to plan,

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