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.ooomoru~<6> .

1. Gilles Deleuze, 'Langu8gl": Major andMinor' .in Deleuze


Reader, 1993,pp. 144-51.
2. Gilles Deleuz.e, Kafka: Towards a Minor Literature,
1986, pp.16-27.
J. MartinHeidegger,On tbe Way to Language,Harperand
Row, 1982
4. <iJnilL11~n1I, /lI!)ImJ&~11l1 ~.p"--".1:l'll1il, 5i,e':aSJ6n/<$ 29,
2006

5. {l))mCl?l (f)l{l)l.e6>~, lZlortn~S~12l1

rnlq)< .oJ<;Hmfli]. 'l'<m~r'l.J.-ol

5,

2014

Ibid.
7. Ferdinand De Saussure, A Course in General Linguis
tks, Philosophical Library, 1959.
8. JacquesDerrida,ofGramatology
9. Martin Heidegger. TheOrigin of Work of Art.

6.

10. Gilles Deleu:re, Kafka: Towards a Mi!1or Literature,

1986,pp.16-27.

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