Modifiable

Environmental Factors
Medications
(antidepressants/antibiotics
Extreme stress
Exposure to sunlight/UV
radiation
Infections
Hormonal changes

Non

Modifiable
Genetics
Gender
Age
Race

Production of abnormal antibodies by B

cells (hallmark sign), (antidouble
stranded DNA and anti smith)

Few tingible body macrophage (engulf B cells that

have undergone apoptosis after somatic
hypomutation)
Dec./missing/deficient CRP and glycoproteins
(complement factors for efficiently operating
phagocytes)
Abnormal reaction of body against its own cells and
serum protein

Increased level of anti ds DNA

antibodies
Results to engulfed :E bodies in the LE
increased disease activity in
client w/ SLE
ANA and nuclear antigen found in serum, small
blood vessels, skin and glomelular basement
membrane
immune complexes initiate the
complement reaction and serum
complement level are decreased
during attacks of SLE
Degeneration of connective tissues, glomeruli,
blood vessels