:

: 38

. 02032191

:....................

:...............................

2001.


1.
n
950
u 1
31,66
n2
37
2. .81 :
u 32 30 z1=1
3. : z2
z 2 u1 .z1 32.1 32 z 2 32

4.

950.3,14
1 n .

99,43rad / s
30

30

5. ( 2.12 .83) m=12.10-3m

q=8 , m =6
6. y z ( 2.11 . 83)

y z =1,06

7. :

d1=m.q=12.10-3.8=96.10-3m

d2=m.z2=12.10-3.32=384.10-3m
8.
d
96
V 1 . 1 .99,43 4,772m / s
2
2
: V<6m/s Al- (.82).
2.10
.
:
= 3 pa ; .
9.
()
P 2000

20,01Nm
1 99,43

2 1 .u1 . 20,1.32.0,75 482,75 Nm
2.13
1

10. :

m3

0,64.T2
0,64.482,75
3
25,30 12
C. y z . m
3.10 6.1,06.6

11.
z
1
tg 1
q 8
12. :

da1=d1+2.m=(96+2.12).10-3 = 120 mm

df1=d1-2,4.m=(96-2,4.12).10-3 = 67,2 mm

da2 =d2+2m=(384+2.12).10-3 = 408 mm

df2=d2-2,4.m=(384-2,4.12).10-3 = 355,2. Mm
-
6.m
6.12
d a M2 d a2
408
432mm
z1 2
3
13.
B1 11 0,06.z 2 .m 11 0,06.32 .12 155,04mm
14.
B 0,75.d a1 0,75.120.10 3 90mm
15.
w 0,5 q z 2 .m 0,5 8 32 .12 240mm
16.
bw d a1 d12 (120 96).10 3 24mm
2

17. :
Ft 2 Ft 2 P C. y z .b . .m 3.10 6.1,06.72.10 3.3,14.12.10 3 8,63.10 3 N
2.T2
2.482,75
Ft 2

2,51.10 3 N
3
d2
384.10
Ft2 e , Ft2P
. .
18.

min

T1 max k t .T1 1,2.20,1 24,132 Nm

T2 max k t .T2 1,2.482,75 579,3 Nm

,
20
:

d min 1 3

T1 max
24,132
3
18,20mm d 20mm
0,2
0,2.20.10 6

T
579,3
d min 3 2 max 3
52,51mm d 54mm
0,2
0,2.20.10 6
:
- 7306 :
d = 30 mm, D = 70 mm, B= 19 mm
- - 30212 :
d = 60 mm, D =110 mm, B= 22 mm
19.

2.T2 2.482,75

2,51.10 3 N
3
d2
384.10

2.T1
2.20,1
Ft1 Fa 2

418,75 N
d1
96.10 3

Fr1 Fr 2 Ft 2 .tg 2,51.10 3.tg 20 0 913,64 N
20. 1 2

l1=dM2+10.10-3=(432+10).10-3=442mm
Ft 2 Fa1

1 2
R

x1

x2

F
418,75
t1
209,375 N
2
2

l1
d
Fa1 1 0
2
2
l
d
Fr1 1 Fa1 1
3
2
2 913,64.231 2,51.10 .48 196,041N
R y1
l1
462

R y1.l1 Fr1

l1
d
Fa1 1 0
2
2
l
d
Fr1 1 Fa1 1
913,64.231 2,51.103.48
2
2
Ry 2

717,599 N
l1
462
R y 2 .l1 Fr1

R y1 R y 2 Fr1 196,041 717,599 913,64 0

1 2
2

P1 Pr1 Rx1 R y1 209,3752 196,0412 286,83 N

2

P2 Pr 2 Rx 2 R y 2 209,3752 717,599 2 747,52 N

S1 e.Pr1 0,68.286,83 195,04 N

S 2 e.Pr 2 0,68.747,52 508,31N
S1 S 2 Pa1 S1
Pa 2 S1 Fa1 195,04 2510 2642,63 N
Pa1 195,04

0,68
Pr1 286,83
e

PE1 Pr1.V .k .kT 286,83.1.1,3.1 372,88 N
Pa 2 2642,64

3,54 e 3.1 20
Pr 2
747,52
X 0,43
Y 1
PE 2 ( X .Pr 2 .V Y .Pa 2 ).k .kT (0,43.747,52.1 1.2642,64).1,3.1 3853,30 N
PE 2 3,853kN
=1,3
.4.20 . 155;
=1,0 125 0
- .4.21 . 155;
Pr =X.V.Pr2 +Y.Pa2 , :
- V= 1-
- = 0,43 Y = 1
Pa2/Pr1

C

L
PE 2

27,5

3,853

363,68 .

363,58.10 6 363,58.106

6379
60.n
60.950

12:
d=25mm ; D=42mm ;
h1=10mm.
Lh

21. 3 4

l1=d1+10.10-3=(120+10).10-3=130mm

O 3 4
R

z3

z4

F
2510
t2
1255 N
2
2

l2
d
Fa 2 2 0
2
2
d2
l2
Fa 2
Fr 2
2
2 418,75.192 913,64.65 161,64 N

l2
130

R y 3 .l 2 Fr 2

R y3

l2
d
Fa 2 2 0
2
2
l
d
Fr 2 2 Fa 2 2
2
2 913,64.65 418,75.192 1075,28 N

l2
130

R y 4 .l 2 Fr 2

Ry4

:
R y 3 R y 4 Fr 2 161,64 1075,28 913,64 0

3 4
2

P3 Pr 3

R z 3 R y 3 1255 2 161,64 2 1265,37 N

P4 Pr 4

R z 4 R y 4 1255 2 1075,28 2 1652,65 N

S 3 0,83.e.Pr 3 0,83.0,41.1265,37 430,61N

S 4 0,83.e.Pr 4 0,83.0,41.1652,65 562,40 N
S 3 S 4 Pa 3 F S 4 S 3
Pa 3 S 3 430,61N
Pa 4 S 3 Fa 2 430,61 418,75 849,36 N
Pa 3
430,61

0,37 e
Pr 3 1265,37

PE 3 Pr 3 .V .k .k T 1265,37.1.1,3.1 1644,98 N
Pa 2
849,36

0,51 e 4.3.2 20
Pr 2
1652,65
X 0,4
Y 1,09
PE 4 ( X .Pr 4 .V Y .Pa 4 ).k .k T (0,4.1652,65.1 1,09.849,36).1,3.1 2062 N
PE 2 2,062 kN

=1,3
.4.20 . 155;
=1,0 125 0
- .4.21 . 155;
Pr =X.V.Pr2 +Y.Pa2 - , :
- V= 1-
- = 0,4 -
- Y = 1,09
X Y
Pa2/Pr2


.
Lh=12000
L.10 6
Lh

60.n
L .60.37
L h 6
26,64 .
10
10

10

C 3 L.PE 4 3

10
3

3
10

3
10

3
10

C L.PE 4 L .PE 4 26,64 .2,062 5,520kN

CT>C 5
.
12:
d=55mm ; D=80mm ;
h1=10mm.

1. :
l (0,8 1,6)d 1,29.62 80mm
d e .
2. (
) =0,2.b=0,2.90=18mm
3.
d 0 0,5(d 2. d ) 0,5(62 2.29 307,2) 213,6mm
:
29mm
2.m. cos 2.12.1 24mm
d d f 2 2. 355,2 2.24 307,2mm

4.

d 0,25( d ( d 2. ) 0,25(307,2 (62 2.29)) 46,8mm

t 0,1.b 0,1.90 9mm

.
11 220
: b=18mm , h=7mm; t1=5mm
t2=3,3mm,
l=70mm
lp=l-b=70-18=52mm
k=0,4.h=0,4.7=2,8mm

:

 { }
2.T
2.482,6

106,921.106 Pa
d .l p .k 62.52.2,8.10 9
150MPa
{ }
2.
2.482,6

12,355.106 Pa
9
d .b.l 62.18.70.10
12,355Pa 120
45 h9/P9

1 l1=462.10-3 d1=96.10-3
- (1) (2)
XZ
R

x1

x2

209,38 N

YZ Fr1 :
R

(r )
(r ) Fr1 913,64
R

456,82 N
y1
y2
2
2

Fa1
R

(a )
(a ) Fa1.d1 2510.96
R

260,78 N
y1
y2
2l1
2.462

Fr1 Fa1 ;
R
R

y1
y2

(r )
(a)
R
456,82 260,78 196,04 N
y1
y1

(r )
(a )
R
456,82 260,78 717,60 N
y2
y2

Ft 1 , Fr1 Fa1 :
P
1
P
2

2 R2
Rx
1
y1
2 R2
Rx
2
y2

209,375 2 196,04 2 286,83 N

209,375 2 717,60 2 747,52 N

;
XZ o Ft 1 :
M

l
209,38.462.10 3
1
48,37 Nm
x1 2
2

YZ Fr1

3
(r )
(r ) l1 456,82.462.10
R

105,53Nm
x
y1
2
2

Fa1 ( ):
260,78.462.10 3
()
( ) l1
R
.
60,24 Nm
x1
y1 2
2
3
()
( ) l1 260,78.462.10
M
R
.
60,24 / N .m
x2
y2 2
2

Fr1 Fa1 :
(r )
(a)
I M
M
105,53 60,24 45,29 Nm
x
x
x1
(r )
(a)
II M
M
105,53 60,24 165,77 Nm
x
x
x2

Ft 1 , Fr1 Fa1 :
M I

I2
M2
y M x

( 48,37) 2 45,29 2 66, 26 Nm

M II

II 2
M2
y M x

( 48,37 ) 2 165,77 2 172,68 Nm

yc1

k
T 1, 2.20,1 24,12 Nm
T
1

MI

2
2
MI
M yc1

66,26 2 24,12 2 70,57 Nm

M II

2
2
M II
M yc1

72,68 2 24,12 2 174,36 Nm

2. l2=130.10-3 d2=384.10-3
- (3) (4)
XZ
R

z3

z4

F
2510
t2
1255 N
2
2

YZ Fr 2 :
R

(r )
(r ) Fr 2 913,64
R

456,82 N
y3
y4
2
2

Fa 2
R

(a)
(a ) Fa 2 .d 2 418,75.384
R

618,46 / N
y3
y4
2l 2
2.130

Fr 2 Fa 2 ;
(r )
(a)
R
456,82 618, 46 161,64 N
y3
y3
(r )
(a)
R
R
R
456,82 618, 46 1075, 28 N
y4
y4
y4
R

y3

Fr 2 Ft 2 Fa 2 ;
P
3

2 R2
Rz
3
y3

1255 2 161,64 2 1265,37 N

P
4

2 R2
Rz
4
y4

1255 2 1075,28 2 1652,65 N

 XZ o Ft 2 :
M

l
1255.130.10 3
. 2
81,58 Nm
z3 2
2

YZ Fr 2
M

456,82.130.10
(r )
(r ) l 2
R
.

x
y3 2
2

29,69 Nm

Fa 2 ( ):
618,46.130.10 3
()
( ) l2
R
.

40,20 Nm
x1
y3 2
2
618,46.130.10 3
()
() l2
M
R
.

40,20 Nm
x2
y2 2
2
M

Fr 2 Fa 2 :
(r )
( a)
I M
M
29,69 40, 20 10,51Nm
x
x
x1
(r )
(a)
II

M
M
29,69 40, 20 69,89 Nm
x
x
x2

Ft 2 , Fr 2 Fa 2 :
M I

I2
M2
y M x

M II

II 2
M2
y M x

81,58 2 10,512 82, 25 Nm

81,58, 2 ( 69,89) 2 107, 42 Nm

yc2

k
T 1,2.482,75 579,30 Nm
T
2

MI

2
2
MI
M yc1

82,2512 579,30 2 585,11Nm

M II

2
2
M II
M yc1

107,42 2 579,30 2 589,18 Nm

1.

III
: [ ]
-

s 280

186,67 MPa
ks
1,5
ks =1,5 - , s=280Pa
.( )
- :
II

.32
172,68.32

5,8MPa
3
3
.d f 1
3,14. 67,2.10 3
- :
[ ]

16, 1

.d f 1

16.24,12

3,14. 67,2.10 3

40,5MPa

III

4. 5,82 4.40,52 81,20MPa

2

III [ ]

:
d f 1 d min

II

d min 3

32.
32.174,36
3
0,0211 21,1mm
.[ ]
3,14.186,67.10 6
*

d f 1 d min

2.

II

.32

.d

16, 2

III

.d
2

107,42.32

3,14. 62.10 3
16.579,30

3,14. 62.10 3

4,593MPa
12,39MPa

4. 4,59 2 4.12,39 2 25,20 MPa

2

III [ ]

k
*

b.t1 (2.d t1 ) 2 18.5.10 6 (2.62.10 3 5.10 3 ) 2

1,285.10 6
3
16.d
16.62.10

d min 3

32( M k .[ ])
32.(589,18 1,285.10 6.186,67.106 )
3
35,683.10 3
6
.[ ]
3,14.186,67.10
II

d d min