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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Objective Question / Soalan Objektif


1. Diagram 1 represents gas molecules contained in a cylinder. The piston is moved slowly
downwards and the temperature of the gas stays the same.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan molekul-molekul gas di dalam sebuah silinder. Omboh digerakkan
perlahan-lahan ke bawah dan suhu gas tidak berubah.

Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Why does the pressure of the gas increase?
Mengapakah tekanan gas meningkat?
A. The molecules collide harder with the walls
Molekul-molekul berlanggar dengan lebih kuat pada dinding bekas
B. The molecules collide more often with the walls
Molekul-molekul berlanggar dengan kebih kerap dengan dinding bekas
C. The molecules move more quickly
Molekul-molekul bergerak dengan lebih laju
D. The number of molecules increase
Bilangan molekul-molekul bertambah
2. Diagram 2 shows two boys X and Y, both have the same weight and are standing on soft
ground.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan dua orang budak X dan Y mempunyai berat yang sama sedang
memijak tanah yang lembut.

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

Department of Physics SSI 2010 (All As)

MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Which boy is more likely to sink into the ground?


Budak yang manakah mungkin terbenam ke dalam tanah?
Boy more likely to sink
Budak yang mungkin terbenam

Pressure on soft ground


Tekanan pada tanah lembut

A.

Larger than Y
Lebih besar daripada Y

B.

Smaller than Y
Lebih kecil daripada Y

C.

Larger than X
Lebih besar daripada X

D.

Smaller than X
Lebih kecil daripada X

3. Which of the following wooden rod exert the highest pressure on the floor? Each rod has the
same mass.
Manakah antara rod kayu berikut mengenakan tekanan yang paling besar terhadap lantai.
Setiap rod mempunyai jisim yang sama.

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

4. Diagram 3 shows a cylinder containing cooking oil.


Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebuah silinder yang mengandungi minyak masak.

Diagram 3
Rajah 3
The density of cooking oil is 800 kg m-3. The pressure exerted by the cooking oil at
the base is 2.4 x 103 Pa. What is the height of oil in the container?
Ketumpatan minyak masak ialah 800 kg m -3. Tekanan yang dikenakan oleh minyak
masak pada dasar bekas 2.4 x 103 Pa. Berapakah ketinggian minyak di dalam bekas?
A.
B.
C.
D.

24 cm
30 cm
80 cm
2400 cm

5. Diagram 4 shows a student pressing a tube of toothpaste.


Rajah 4 menunjukkan seorang pelajar sedang memicit satu tiub ubat gigi.

Diagram 4
Rajah 4
The toothpaste flows out because
Ubat gigi mengalir keluar kerana
A. pressure at Y is equal the pressure at X.
tekanan di Y sama dengan tekanan di X
B. pressure at Y is greater than the pressure at X.
tekanan di Y lebih besar berbanding tekanan di X
C. pressure at Y is less than the pressure at X
tekanan di Y lebih kecil berbanding dengan tekanan di X

Department of Physics SSI 2010 (All As)

MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

6. Diagram 5 shows water spurting out from a hole of a container at a distance of a.


Rajah 5 menunjukkan air terpancut keluar dari lubang sebuah bekas pada jarak a.

Diagram 5
Rajah 5
When the level of the water decreases, what will happen to the distance, a ?
Apabila paras air berkurangan, apakah yang berlaku pada jarak a?
A. Increases
Bertambah
B. Decreases
Berkurang
C. Remains constant
Tidak berubah
7. The measuring cylinder containing some water stands on a scale pan. A solid ball is
lowered into the water. The water level rises from the 30 cm3 mark to the 40 cm3 mark as
shown in diagram 6.1 and 6.2. The scale reading increases from 100 g to 180 g.
Silinder penyukat di bawah menunjukkan air di dalam sebuah penimbang. Sebiji bola pejal
dimasukkan ke dalam air tersebut. Air naik daripada bacaan 30 cm3 ke 40 cm3 seperti yang
ditunjukkan pada rajah 6.1 dan 6.2. Bacaan penimbang pula meningkat daripada 100 g
menjadi 180 g.

Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1

Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2

What is the density of the ball?

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Apakah ketumpatan bola tersebut?


A. 2.0 g cm-3
B. 4.5 g cm-3
C. 8.0 g cm-3
D. 18.0 g cm-3
8. Diagram 7 shows a ship floating on the surface of the sea. The density of sea water is
1020 kg m-3.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan kapal yang terapung di permukaan air laut. Ketumpatan air laut ialah
1020 kg m-3.

Diagram 7
Rajah 7
The volume of the ship below the water level of the sea is 600 m3. The weight of the ship is
Isipadu kapal yang berada di bawah permukaan air laut ialah 600 m3. Berat kapal tersebut
ialah
A.
B.
C.
D.

6.12 x 105 N
6.13 x 105 N
6.00 x 106 N
6.12 x 106 N

Department of Physics SSI 2010 (All As)

MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

9. A ball that is thrown forward in a spin moves in a curve, as shown in the diagram.
Sebiji bola dilontar secara berputar, bergerak ke hadapan dalam laluan yang melengkung
seperti dalam rajah

The curved path taken by the ball is due to


Laluan bola yang melengkung itu disebabkan oleh
A. equilibrium of forces
keseimbangan daya
B. Bernoullis principle
Prinsip Bernoulli
C. Archimedes principle
Prinsip Archimedes
D. Principle of conservation of momentum
Prinsip keabadian momentum
10. Diagram 8 shows a hydraulic pump.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan sebuah pam hidraulik.

Diagram 8
Rajah 8
Which of the following is true about hydraulic pump?
Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang pam hidraulik?
A. Weight of load,W equivalent to force applied,F.
Berat beban, W sama dengan daya yang digunakan, F.
B. The most suitable type of liquid used is water.
Jenis cecair yang paling sesuai digunakan ialah air.

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

C. Pressure on Piston A is bigger than pressure on Piston B.


Tekanan pada omboh A lebih besar daripada tekanan pada omboh B.
D. The bigger the surface area of piston A, the bigger the weight of load,W can be put on.
Semakin bertambah luas permukaan omboh A, semakin bertambah berat beban, W
dapat diletakkan.
11. Diagram 9 shows a hydraulic jack. Given the cross-sectional areas of the smaller piston
and larger piston are 20 cm2 and 80 cm2 respectively.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan sebuah jek hidraulik. Diberi luas keratan rentas omboh yang
kecil dan omboh yang besar ialah masing-masing 20 cm2 and 80 cm2 .

Diagram 9
Rajah 9
If the smaller piston is pushed with a force of 40 N, what will be the force experienced by
the larger piston?
Sekiranya omboh yang kecil ditolak dengan daya 40 N, apakah daya yang akan dialami
oleh omboh yang besar?
A.
B.
C.
D.

80 N
100 N
160 N
200 N

12. Diagram 10 shows a stream of air flowing through a tube with a narrow neck.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan udara mengalir melalui sebuah tiub yang sempit di bahagian tengah.

Diagram 10
Rajah 10
Which of the following graphs describes the relationship between the air pressure, P and
the distance, x?
Manakah antara graf berikut menerangkan hubungan antara tekanan udara, P dengan jarak
x?

Department of Physics SSI 2010 (All As)

MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

A.

B.

C.

D.

13. The density of substance X is 200 kgm-3. In which liquid will substance X floats?
Ketumpatan bagi bahan X ialah 200 kgm-3. Didalam cecair yang manakah bahan X
akan terapung?
Liquid
Cecair

Density (kgm-3)
Ketumpatan

A.

150

B.

170

C.

190

D.

220

14. Why the atmospheric pressure at higher altitude is lower?


Mengapa tekanan atmosfera semakin berkurang pada tempat yang semakin tinggi
altitudnya ?
A. Temperature is decreasing
Suhu semakin berkurang
B. The layer of air is thinner
Lapisan udara semakin nipis
C. Density of air increasing
Ketumpatan udara meningkat.
D. The volume of air does not change
Isipadu udara tidak berubah

Department of Physics SSI 2010 (All As)

MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

15.

Diagram 11 shows a ship full with load floating on the surface of sea water.
Rajah 11 menunjukkan sebuah kapal yang penuh dengan beban terapung di atas
permukaan air laut.

Diagram 11
Rajah 11
If the water displaced by the ship is 350 m3, what is the buoyant force acted on the ship?
[Density of se water = 1030 kgm-3]
Jika air yang tersesar oleh kapal ialah 350 m3, berapakah daya tujah yang bertindak
ke atas kapal?
[Ketumpatan air laut = 1030 kgm-3]
A.
B.
C.
D.

3.6 x 10 5 N
3.6 x 10 6 N
3.6 x 10 7 N
3.6 x 10 8 N

16. Diagram 12 shows four identical container are filled with same amount of different liquid.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan empat bekas yang sama diisi dengan jumlah cecair yang sama
tetapi berbeza ketumpatannya.

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Which container exerts the highest pressure at the bottom?


Bekas manakah yang menghasilkan tekanan pada bahagian dasar yang paling tinggi?
A. Liquid P
Cecair P
B. Liquid Q
Cecair Q
C. Liquid R
Cecair R
D. Liquid S
Cecair S
17.

Diagram 13 shows a Bernoullis tube. Air is blown from left to right.


Rajah 13 menunjukkan sebuah tiub Bernoulli. Udara ditiup dari arah kiri ke kanan.

Diagram 13
Rajah 13
Which of the following diagram shows the correct level of water in tube T, U, V
and W?
Rajah yang manakah menunjukkan aras air yang betul pada tiub T, U, V dan W?

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

A.

B.

C.

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

D.

18. Diagram 14 shows a cross section of a Bunsen burner.


Rajah 14 menunjukkan keratin rentas sebuah penunu Bunsen.
When there is high speed gas flowing in, at which point the pressure is the lowest?
Apabila gas berhalaju tinggi dialirkan, pada kawasan manakah tekanan adalah paling
rendah?

Diagram 14
Rajah 14

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

19. Diagram 15 shows a manometer used to measure the pressure of the gas in the container.
Rajah 15 menunjukkan sebuah manometer digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan gas
dalam sebuah bekas.

Diagram 15
Rajah 15
Which statement is true about the pressure of the gas in the container if the atmospheric
pressure is 76.0 cm Hg?
Pernyataan yang manakah adalah benar mengenai tekanan gas di dalam bekas itu jika
tekanan atmosfera adalah 76.0 cm Hg?
A. The gas pressure is zero
Tekanan gas adalah sifar
B. The gas pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure
Tekanan gas adalah sama dengan tekanan atmosfera
C. The gas pressure is 24.0 cm Hg more than atmospheric pressure
Tekanan gas adalah 24.0 cm Hg lebih daripada tekanan atmosfera
D. The gas pressure is 24.0 cm Hg less than atmospheric pressure
Tekanan gas adalah 24.0 cm Hg kurang daripada tekanan atmosfera.
20. Diagram 16 shows liquid X and liquid Y in glass tubes.
Rajah 16 menunjukkan cecair X dan cecair Y di dalam tiub kaca.

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Diagram 16
Rajah 16
Which statement is correct?
Pernyataan manakah betul?
A. PS = PT because S and T are at the same depth
PS = PT sebab S dan T berada pada kedalaman yang sama
B. PS = PT because S and T are at the same level
PS = PT sebab S dan T berada pada aras yang sama
C. PS < PT because the density of X is less than the density of Y
PS < PT sebab ketumpatan X lebih kecil daripada ketumpatan Y
D. PS > PT because S is nearer to the bottom of the tube
PS > PT sebab S lebih dekat kepada dasar tiub

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Section A
Question 3 / Soalan 3
Figure 3.1 shows fountains J and K in a park. J and K operate using pressure and
receive water supply from the same tank located on a hill.
P is the water level in the water tank at 9.00 a. m.

Figure 3.1
(a)

(i) What is meant by pressure?


Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh tekanan
____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
(ii) Based on Figure 3.1, state one factor which influences the height of the fountain.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.1 nyatakan satu factor yang mempengaruhi ketinggian air
pancut
___________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
(iii) Calculate the pressure at K.
Kirakan tekanan air di K
(Water pressure = 1000 kg m-3 )
(Tekanan air = 1000 kg m-3 )

[2 marks] [ 2 markah]
At 5.00 p. m., the water level in the water tank has dropped from P to Q, as shown in Figure 3.2

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Figure 3.2
Rajah 3.2
(b) Compare the height of fountain J and K in the morning and in the afternoon.
Bandingkan ketinggian air pancut J dan K pada waktu pagi dan petang
_________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
(c) Another pipe similar to that for fountains J and K is connected to the water pipe at X. Predict
the height of the fountain at X com pared to fountain J.
Paip lain yang sama untuk air pancut J dan K disambungkan di X. Jangkakan ketinggian air
pancut di X berbanding air pancut di J
_________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Question 4 / Soalan 4
Diagram 4 shows air bubles produced by an air pump in an aquarium filled with fresh water.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan gelembung-gelembung udara dihasilkan oleh pam udara di dalam
sebuah akuarium berisi air tawar.

Diagram 4
Rajah 4
a) Explain why the volume of air buble increases as it moves towards the surface
Terangkan mengapa isipadu gelembung udara bertambah apabila bergerak
menghampiri permukaan
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks] [2 markah]
b) Name the physics law involved in 4(a)
Namakan hukum fizik yang terlibat di 4(a)
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
c) What is the change in the volume of an air bubble at level R when the fresh water is
replaced by sea water of higher density?
Apakah perubahan dalam isi padu gelembung udara pada paras R apabila air tawar
digantikan dengan air laut yang mempunyai ketumpatan lebih tinggi?

______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
d) An air bubble of volume 5 cm3 is released by an air pump at a depth of 0.5 m. Calculate
the volume of the air bubble when it reaches the surfaces of the water.
[Assume that the atmospheric pressure is 10m water]

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Satu gelembung udara yang mempunyai isi padu 5 cm3 dibebaskan oleh pam udara
pada kedalaman 0.5 m. Hitung isi padu gelembung udara itu apabila sampai di
permukaan air.
[Anggap tekanan atmosfera adalah 10m air]

[3 marks] [3 markah]
Question No 5 / Soalan No 5
Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show a spring balance supporting a metal block in two situations.
The metal blocks are identical. The compression balance in Diagram 5.1 and in Diagram 5.2
show the readings of the weight of an empty beaker and the weight of a beaker filled with water
respectively. The beakers are identical.
Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sebuah neraca spring menyokong satu blok logam
dalam dua situasi. Blok-blok logam itu adalah serupa. Neraca mampatan pada Rajah 5.1 dan
Rajah 5.2 masing-masing menunjukkan bacaan berat sebuah bikar kosong dan berat sebuah
bikar berisi air. Bikar-bikar itu adalah serupa.

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Metal block hanging in air


Blok logam tergantung di udara

Metal block totally immersed in water


Blok logam terendam sepenuhnya dalam air

Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1

Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2

a) What is the meaning of weight?


Apakah maksud berat?
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
b) i) What is the difference between the spring balance reading in Diagram 5.1 and
diagram 5.2?
Apakah beza antara bacaan neraca spring di Rajah 5.1 dengan Rajah 5.2?
_______________N
[1 mark] [1 markah]
ii) Name the force that is represented by the reading 5(b)(i)
Namakan daya yang diwakili oleh bacaan di 5(b)(i)
___________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
c) i) What is the different between reading of the compression balance in Diagram 5.2 and
Diagram 5.1?

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Berapa beza antara bacaan Rajah 5.2 dan Rajah 5.1?


_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
ii) Name the physical quantity that is represented by the reading in 5(c)(i)
Namakan kuantiti fizik yang diwakili oleh bacaan di 5(c)(i)
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
d) i) Relate the answers in 5(b)(ii) and 5(c)(ii)
Hubungkaitkan jawapan di 5(b)(ii) dan 5(c)(ii)
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

ii) Name the physics principle involved in these situations.


Namakan prinsip fizik yang terlibat dalam situasi ini.
___________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
e) What happens to the spring balance reading in Diagram 5.2 when the metal block is
immersed deeper into the water?
Apakah yang terjadi kepada bacaan neraca spring di Rajah 5.2 apabila blok logam
direndam lebih lama ke dalam air?
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Question 6 / Soalan 6

Figure 6 (a)
Rajah 6 (a)

Figure 6 (b)
Rajah 6 (b)
a). What is velocity?
Apakah halaju?
_________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
b). Figure 6 (a) shows what happen when a freely hanging ping pong ball is placed near a tap
with no running water and a tap with running water. Figure 6 (b) shows what happens when
there is no air blown through the straw and when air is blown through the straw.
Rajah 6 (a) menunjukkan keadaan sebiji bola ping pong yang tergantung secara bebas dan
diletakkan dekat dengan pili air yang kering dan pili air yang sedang memancutkan air.
Rajah 6 (b) menunjukkan keadaan semasa tidak ada udara ditiup melalui penyedut
minuman dan apabila udara ditiup melalui penyedut minuman.

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

i) Describe the observations in Figures 6 (a)(ii) and 6(b)(ii).


Huraikan pemerhatian yang dilakukan dalam Rajah 6(a)(ii) dan Rajah 6(b)(ii).
___________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
ii) Compare the speed of air between the two ping pong balls in Figure 6(b)(i) and Figure 6(b)(ii).
Bandingkan laju udara di antara bola ping pong dalam Rajah 6(b)(i) dan Rajah 6(b)(ii).
___________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
iii) In Figure 6(b)(ii), mark with a P, to indicate the position where the air pressure is low.
Di dalam Rajah 6 (b)(ii), tandakan kedudukan di mana tekanan udara adalah rendah
dengan huruf P.
[1 mark] [1 markah]
iv) Based on your answers in (b)(ii) and (iii), relate the speed of the air to the pressure of the
air.
Berdasrakan jawapan anda dalam (b)(ii) dan (b)(iii), nyatakan hubungan antara laju udara
dengan tekanan udara.
_________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
v) Name the principle involved.
Namakan prinsip yang terlibat.
_________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
(c). It is dangerous for a child to stand near a fast moving train.
Using a suitable physics concept, explain the statement.
Adalah berbahaya untuk seorang budak berdiri dekat dengan sebuah keretapi yang sedang
bergerak dengan laju yang tinggi.
Gunakan satu konsep fizik untuk menerangkan kenyataan di atas.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Question 7 / Soalan 7
Diagram 7.1 shows a concrete water tank filled with water.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan sebuah tangki konkrit yang diisi dengan air.

Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1
(a) State a factor that affects the water pressure in the tank.
Nyatakan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan air di dalam tangki.
_________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
(b) (i) Compare the water pressure at P and Q
Bandingkan tekanan air di P dan Q
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
(ii) Calculate the water pressure at Q.
(Density of water = 1000 kg m-3 )
Hitungkan tekanan air pada Q
(Ketumpatan air = 1000 kg m-3)

[2 marks] [2 markah]

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

(c) Diagram 7.2 shows water flows from the concrete tank to the house water tank.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan air mengalir dari tangki konkrit ke tangki air di rumah.

Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2
i) What is the factor that causes the water to flow from the concrete tank to the water tank in
the house?
Apakah faktor yang menyebabkan air boleh mengalir dari tangki konkrit ke tangki air di
rumah?
________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
ii) The flow of water from the concrete tank to the house will stop at level P. Explain why the
supply stops?
Pengaliran air dari tangki konkrit ke tangki air di rumah akan terhenti pada paras P.
Terangkan mengapa pengalirannya berhenti?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks] [2 markah]
d) i) Suggest two modifications that can be done to ensure the water flow continously to the
house water tank.
Cadangkan dua pengubahsuaian yang boleh dibuat untuk memastikan air dapat mengalir
secara berterusan ke tangki di rumah kediaman.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[2 mark] [2 markah]
ii) Draw a water tank that can withstand high water pressure .
Lukiskan tangki air yang boleh menampung tekanan yang tinggi.

[1 mark] [1 markah]
Question 8 / Soalan 8

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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

Diagram 8 shows two similar cylinders. P is an airtight cylinder containing air with a temperature
of 27 0C. The piston is 50 cm from the base of the cylinder. The cross-section area of the piston
is 5 x 10-4 m2 and its mass can be ignored.
(atmospheric pressure = 1 x 105 Nm-2)

50 cm
30 cm
P

a) What is the pressure trapped in cylinder P?


_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
b) If the number of molecules of air in P is N , a repulsive force F causes the piston to drop
20 cm, as shown in cylinder Q, What is number of molecules of air in cylinder Q
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
c) What is the number of molecules of air per unit volume in cylinder
i) P = _______________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
ii) Q = ______________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
d) What is the volume of air trapped in cylinder
i) P = _______________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
ii) Q = ____________________
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MODULE 2/WEEK 2 [FORCE AND PRESSURE]

[1 mark] [1 markah]
e) If the air temperature remains constant, what is the pressure in cylinder Q
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]
f) Determine the value of F
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark] [1 markah]

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