Stainless Steels

)
Oxidation

(FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4)

)
Anodic Reaction
Cr2O3 )
Cathodic Reaction

Cr


12% Passivity
Anodic Cathodic
H2SO4 Cathode
12%

)
) Cr 14-18% Cr
12%

) Duplex stainless steel

Ferrite Austenite

8 <
8

Ferrite()

Austenite()
Austenite
Martensite (metalstable phase)
Austenite %C > 0.1%
Martensite

Fe-Fe3C Phase Diagram

Fe-Cr Phase Diagram

Fe Cr
Cr ))
Ferrite )
Austenite
Cr
820 C
)

Pseudo-Binary Phase Diagram of Fe-Cr-C Systems

Eutectoid ), %C Eutectoid , %C Austenite

Eutectoid > 0.3%C

) Austenite )

Intergranular Corrosion

Pseudo-Binary Phase Diagram of Fe-Cr-Ni Systems

Schaeffler Diagram

Matrix

1050 C

%Ni Equivalent = %Ni + %Co +

30(%C) + 25(%N) + 0.5(%Mn) +
0.3(%Cu)
%Cr Equivalent = %Cr + 2(%Si) +
1.5(%Mo) + 5(%V) + 5.5(%Al) +
1.75(%Nb) + 1.5(%Ti) + 0.75(%W)

2

Cr 14 18% C < 0.12%

Cr 25 30% C 0.3%

8
Cr 15 18%
C < 0.12%
Heat Treatment
C
475 700 C
Tensile Strength 480 - 550 MPa
Yield Strength 330 MPa
%Elongation 22 - 30%

)

HNO3 60 70 C
H3PO4 acid
CH3COOH acid 50 C
Citric Tartaric acid
, , ,

8
AISI 429 430
Cr 14 18%
429 Cr Weldability, Impact Resistance
430 Cr Corrosion Resistance
HNO3, Strength, Hardness
430F 430FSe Sulfur Selenium
Machinability
434 Mo Pitting Corrosion Resistance
436 Nb Ta Intergranular Corrosion

Effect of aging time at 475 C on the room temperature

aging properties of an Fe-27%Cr steel.

Fe-27%Cr Stainless steel heating for 131 days at 565 C. Structure

consists with ferrite matrix and dispersed phase.

Cr 25 30%
C ~ 0.3%
1000 1300 C ) Cr
Matrix Ferrite

Cr


550 700 C

)

) C 2 3%
)
Al )

8
C < 0.15%
Cr 12 14%
1000 C ) Martensite Cr
Tensile Strength 1400 MPa
Yield Strength 1200 MPa
%Elongation 10 15%
Annealing Tensile Strength 800 MPa

C < 0.2 0.4%
Cr 13 - 15%
1000 - 1100 C ) Martensite
) 1000 1100 C

Mechanical Properties
UTS 1500 1600 MPa
45 55 HRC
Cutlery Steel

Pseudo-Binary Phase Diagram of Fe-Cr-C Systems

C < 0.6 1.0%

Cr ~14 - 16%
Eutectoid
Austenite )
Hardenability
Martensite ) 5560 HRC

)

Ti Nb
Ti Nb Cr )


Tempering
Tensile Strength 1800 1900 MPa
50 57 HRC