DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: Ain eguasion. involving derivatives ox differentials af One or move. dapendent variables with respect 40 one ox move Lndebenden! vestiable: A> called a disSeventia] equation. Examples « ‘xamples ate, dey (dx)*_ o* 5 dit dk Ndt == iy YOu + CHA) dy 4 by\ ae Baa) an) Mathematical classifications » ORDINARY DIFF. EQUATION : > Involves denvetives -1t Airgle independent yardalles 2 9 Trwolses pasta derivatives Prariac bier. Cauarions Comore 2am one independent vaubhes ORDER, OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION > Ke oxder of tu highest ovdex dexirative involved DEGREE OF A DIFFERENTIAL COUATIONS: 2 The cages af 42 highest order dexwatve ivoolved! - i) ODE , ordev-4 Oegven L Wooe, order-L degree 4 it) POE, Ostex- SB deguer aLINEAR AND NowLIvERR DIFEREVTIAL CavaTion”: A differential equation is called Gineas if i) every dependent yastiable. and Overy, dewwative. occur un the fist degsen. only , and i Mo products of dopendent yardables and lov dedvatives oceuy . TF mot Uneos thom it 1& Called nonlinear. Note: Every linear equation eof fat clgsen, bcd evey ftt dager Spostion may met be Qinear . d7¥ udd puso dst dares but nenlinzar ae A st Og SOLUTION OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION. Finy velodion leekoeom 2a dobondent amd imdapondan- yertiables Ghith Aakgfes Ha difexential omotion i called a eolution o- integral of ths diMorendial eqpasion , &. d= +8 ee. achaion | y'+(S)y'ee 2a Check | ye a >We ee Prot im tho eatin: © = © Not 94 £heuld be ved that a dclutio. of a.difevential equation dooas not lwolve Ru deduedives 6f Hu dob-veriable, r+ ta indlb variable ox yesiables +Family of curves: fn m-paxamete fermily ef ewes ia a seb af relations ot ke foem L cay: fee yener,---en) = 04 coe iy 3d of concenhic ciycles oe =C +4 One basa metex family if ¢ taas non-negative yea| volues nh sas circles © (we ey) + (YG) = Gg > threr parameters Fal it C), Cr taxes all veal Sues ond Cz takes all non-negative yeal Note: explicitf solution €xarmple! 1+ ayyl= 6 Saito se ON = C LL Toblict solution Equation a frat order omd fist degree : We Aholl Consider ide Rtamclord foems a didfeventia) equation 4 ds = 1m de 1 v) WY MGvy) de + Nowy) ay mos:Selulion Methods: * Separatioof voniables. rf a differential equation con be covitten a te fosm d f,(4) = = 4,00 oO) then we _ vootables ave Aepawable im Aha given AiMoxential eysodi on. ‘ Saluki of @: f fay = § $e dx+e Chow 2) & " S ene = e tery » et oe et Ey rulcieyed booth Aide: eo aa = +O Ov lal — 2e%+ BereEquation weduible to Atbanation ey variables: Gondider a e = F(ax+byte) —O oo ws fcax+by) Auvst - Omrbyte = on aK+by = e > arb ds = = de du “Than (4) veduerds 40 Eg?-a) = £W) EZ de = bflyt+a 3 (de old, bra. Gamble: AY = cee Cary) are Fs = So our = dit Sel det am be) See An ae rThom As iS. eg: becomes: de a Se ee w+k ( Acharable form) = Urs _ Qe Cov aa Pere -L > Sb-bscty]ae= Sax > yw — tonS) = xe Avdst B= ag (ye C2) =<)Homegencous epustiens: 4 aitseential epuation of List ovdes and fist degren is oid te be homeg: if it 1S af Be form or Can oe pub in tht form: et wat 414) —0 ‘Soludion: Se eSyecl ee > ae ard o> rx de = FO) 3 ndee tore (terre ber) 5 ee 7 f(y) (2+3 24°) de + (Y3r 32H) dy = 0 Se ee oa) oo gon ay oF @)*3(4) dx Ast Jap 2 Bovine we dn > verde. 4tgv? a wh439— Save —vesvirt ax p24+eu 4 oe i wie erad Kw > —-m(0t+ 6u™t1) = 4imx+mc (x20)Equation reducible #0 hemmegencous foxm: a ey ok ALAR YrC! Toke x= %th q< yk . ® Where KRY ore Neto voniobles ond }, RK ave comtants 40 ba. Ao Chosen that tho ey eyuosin in X —O ancl Y becomes homogenta sos ap dare V(x) +k 3 ® ede ox ee as [yoo] = 44 om ak dy _ OX +by+ ah+bkre @ eo StL Se NS SS a Ae a Gx euy taheekac! [Gn oxdex to moke 3) homoq- Choose h ond kk Auth Anat Qh+bk+G =o : and $y pomible beCawe aul _alh zc ahtbkitcd=o Gating h & % oa have Maen & eae » Oy ORT & a+ b(t) dk dxey a+8(Z) ne oa @ MW case. ae =a > a=Aa & bl=ab Aust dg anetyte Pan re (@ vealed & aed) de A(ansby) tc! f “) os rc&: de es te 2x49 -3 Sel. “Take 2=X%th & Ya¥rK +e Anat dy _ dy dx” dx dy_ X+2¥+ Cht2k-3) —@ dk gnry+ (2htk-3) Choose, Wh, Kk Ao thot = t2k-3 =O Ss Pal &ket, gut \ik-3=0 So Fssm(@) Yexwek Ve qt @> N= x+y dk 2x4 Tere Y= BY 2 She w+x de y dis Aig ee x Gee) = be > v= [P(R)+E(K)] eo ntegraking ie InX+Inc = 4 [im Gav) -3 Im aw | ES INS 529 ile > amxe) = In (GS > Xe ~ (ew? ee el OMe OS, Foe ae (x-¥) oo Te