TP CH KHOA HC & CNG NGH CC TRNG I HC K THUT S 70 - 2009

TNH TON NHY THU CA TUYN THNG TIN QUANG M-QAM

C S DNG KHUCH I QUANG
INVESTIGATION OF RECEIVER SENSITIVITY OF M-QAM OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
LINKS WITH OPTICAL AMPLIFIER

L Trung Thnh

Trn c Hn, nh Hng, Nguyn Duy Huyn

Trng i hc GTVT H Ni

Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni

TM TT

Bi bo xut phng php phn tch, tnh ton, thit k h thng truyn dn quang M-QAM,
mt cng ngh mi ang c quan tm hin nay. Cc tham s quan trng nh hng n cht
lng truyn dn nh cc ngun tp m ca b khuch i v b tch sng quang c phn tch,
nh gi. xy dng phng php tnh ton nhy thu quang cho h thng M-QAM c s dng
b khuch i quang si EDFA nh b tin khuch i PA. kho st nh lng s ph thuc ca
cng sut thu sau b tch sng quang vo cc tham s ca h thng nh h s khuch i G, mc
iu ch M , h s tp m NF, bng tn b lc quang Bo, h s bc x t pht Nsp, t s li bit BER
v tc bit Rbv.v. Kt qu phn tch thu c s l c s cho bi ton thit k h thng M-QAM.
Vi c ly truyn dn L km cng tc bit Rb ( Gbps ) v t s li bit BER. cho trc ngi thit k
d dng tnh ton xc nh c mt b thng s ti u cho h thng.

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to propose a method for analysis and calculation of M-QAM optical
transmission system, a technology that has been attracting much attention recently. A numbers of
noise sources such as noise from optical amplifier and from optical detector, which all have an
influence on the sensitivity and consequently an accurate estimation of the receiver sensitivity of the
system is analyzed... A calculation method of the receive sensitivity of M-QAM transmission system
using the optical fibre amplifier EDFA as PA is studied. The theory results are simulated on computer
using different parameters of the system such as: the gain G of EDFA, the NF of amplifier, the BER,
M-modulation level, band of optical filter Bo, bit rate Rb and spontaneous emission coefficient Nsp
The results of the analysis has applied to design the M-QAM transmission systems. With given
transmission distance L km, bit rate Rb and BER, a designer can calculate different parameters of the
system, to determine the optimal saturable gain of the amplifier.

I. T VN

II. PHNG PHP TNH NHY THU

QUANG CA TUYN THNG TIN
QUANG M-QAM

nhy thu quang l mt tham s rt

quan trng v cn phi c tnh ton trong qu
trnh thit k mt tuyn thng tin quang. Trong
cc tuyn thng tin quang truyn tn hiu kho
ng-m (OOK:On-Off Keying), nhy thu
c nghin cu kh chi tit trong mt s
cng trnh [1.6.7]. Tuy nhin, trong h thng
thng tin quang truyn tn hiu M-QAM th
cha c mt kt qu nghin cu chi tit no.
Bi bo xut phng php tnh ton nhy
thu quang v c ly truyn dn ca tuyn thng
tin quang M-QAM. Cc kt qu ny s c
m phng, nh gi v so snh vi cc tham s
khc nhau ca h thng c s dng v khng s
dng EDFA.

Gi s b khuch i quang EDFA c

s dng lm tin khuch i (PA) trong h
thng (hnh 1).

Hnh 1. H thng thng tin quang M-QAM

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TP CH KHOA HC & CNG NGH CC TRNG I HC K THUT S 70 - 2009

T s cng sut sng mang trn tp m

CNR sau tch sng quang ca h thng ny s
c tnh theo [2,3,4]:

CNR

0,5m 2 I s2
2
total

trong , Be, B0 l bng tn in ca b thu v

bng tn quang ca b lc quang sau EDFA;
e,k,R,T ln lt l in tch electron, hng s
Boltzman, in tr ti tch sng v nhit
tuyt i; IASE l dng pht to ra do pht x t
t pht c khuch i sau tch sng,
I ASE PASE 2nsp h (G 1) B0 PASE l

(1)

trong , m l ch s iu quang, Is l dng

2
pht sau tch sng quang v total
l tng
cng sut tp m sau tch sng.

cng sut ca pht x t pht c khuch i;

nsp , h, , G tng ng l h s pht x, hng s
Plank, tn s quang v h s khuch i ca
EDFA.

ng thi, mi quan h gia CNR v xc

sut li bit BER ca tn hiu M-QAM c
tnh theo [3]:
BER

Nu h thng dng si quang c h s

suy hao (dB / km) , th khong cch truyn
dn ca tuyn thng tin quang M-QAM c
tnh theo cng thc:

2(1 L1 ) 3 log2 L 2 Eb 2(1 L1 ) 3

Q 2
Q 2 CNRavr

log2 L L 1 N 0 log2 L L 1

(2)

trong M=L l s mc iu ch; Eb,N0

tng ng l nng lng bt v mt tp m;
Q(x) c xc nh qua hm b sai li:
2

Q( x)

1
x
1
x2
erfc(
)
exp( ) ;
2
2
2
x 2

[km]

(5)

III. MT S KT QU M PHNG
Nh vy ta c nhn xt l nhy thu
quang ph thuc vo nhiu tham s ca h
thng thng tin quang nh: ph thuc vo h s
khuch i G ca b khuch i quang, vo
bng tn ca b lc quang, vo tc bit truyn
dn, vo dng iu ch hay vo h s tp m
ca b khuch i quang,v.v... Do vy, trong
thit k tnh ton tuyn truyn dn quang MQAM c s dng khuch i quang ta cn phi
nghin cu s ph thuc ca nhy thu v
khong cch truyn dn vo cc tham s khc
nhau ca h thng, t tm ra tp gi tr ti
u cc tham s ca h thng m vn m bo
cht lng truyn tin. Vi mc ch , trong
phn ny chng ti m phng s ph thuc ca
nhy thu quang v khong cch truyn dn
ca tuyn vo mt s tham s khc nhau ca h
thng.

1
M 1
M

2
CNR Ai2 CNR
Amax
2
M
3( M 1)
i 1
(3)

trong Ai l bin ca im tn hiu

th i, Amax l bin cc i.
Theo nh ngha th nhy thu l cng
sut nh nht c th thu c ti mt gi tr xc
sut li bit BER no ca h thng. Do vy,
t (1) nhy thu tnh c l:
2
B

CNR
e

PASE

0,5m 2 G
B0

2
Be
CNR 4kTBe h CNR

PS= B ASE 0,5m 2 G R e 0,5m 2 G

0

Be 2
CNR
2 PASE B0 Be / 2 2
0,5m G
B0

, Ptx l cng sut pht a vo u si

quang v Ps l nhy thu quang.

CNRavr l t s cng sut sng mang trn

tp m trung bnh sau tch sng quang [7]:

CNR avr

Ptx Ps

1/ 2

Trn hnh 2 l kt qu m phng cho s

ph thuc ca nhy thu vo h s khuch i
G ca EDFA vi cc tc bt khc nhau v
cho h thng iu ch M-QAM c cc mc
iu ch M= 8, 16, 32 v 64 tng ng. Cc
tham s c s dng trong m phng ny l:
R=50 , T=3000K, B0=1GHz, =1550nm,
m=0,2; =0,8A/W,xc sut li bit BER=10-9.

(4)
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TP CH KHOA HC & CNG NGH CC TRNG I HC K THUT S 70 - 2009

m tc ng ln h thng, lm cho tng cng

sut tp m sau tch sng quang cng tng theo.
T s tn hiu trn tp m ca h thng, do ,
s khng tng c na v t n gi tr bo
ho.
S ph thuc ca nhy thu vo h s
khuch i G vi h s tp m NF v bng tn
ca b lc quang B0 khc nhau c m phng
trn hnh 3. Ta thy rng, bng tn ca b lc
quang B0 c nh hng rt t n nhy thu;
trong khi, h s bc x t pht Nsp li c nh
hng ln n gi tr ca nhy thu. V d
dng phng php iu ch M=64, th gi tr
ca nhy thu s gim gn 2 dB khi Nsp tng
t Nsp=1 n gi tr Nsp=1,26.

Hnh 2. S ph thuc ca nhy thu vo G

vi tc bit khc nhau

Hnh 4. S ph thuc ca nhy thu vo NF

vi s mc iu ch khc nhau

Hnh 3. S ph thuc ca nhy thu vo G

vi bng tn quang v Nsp khc nhau
Kt qu m phng cho thy, nhy thu
t c gi tr cao khi gi tr ca h s khuch
i G tng; tuy nhin n li t l nghch vi tc
bit, khi tc bt tng th nhy thu b
gim xung. nhy thu t c cc gi tr
cao nh -50dBm, -49 dBm, -47dBm v -46 dBm
cho cc tc bit 2,5 Gb/s, 5 Gb/s, 7,5 Gb/s v
10 Gb/s. ng thi ta cng c nhn xt l gi tr
nhy thu khng tng v t n bo ho nu
nh h s khuch i G ca EDFA tng qu
mt gi tr gii hn no . iu ny c th
c gii thch nh sau: khi G tng th cng
sut tn hiu sau tch sng quang tng theo,
nhng khi cng lm tng cc thnh phn tp

Hnh 5. S ph thuc ca nhy thu vo G v

vi M khc nhau
Ngoi ra, nhy thu cn ph thuc vo
cc tham s khc ca h thng nh h s tp m
NF ca b khuch i v s mc iu ch M.
Hnh 4 v hnh 5 m phng mi quan h gia
nhy thu ca h thng vi NF ca b khuch
i v vi h s khuch i G khi h thng s
dng cc phng php iu ch khc nhau. Kt
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TP CH KHOA HC & CNG NGH CC TRNG I HC K THUT S 70 - 2009

qu m phng cho thy gi tr ca nhy thu

s gim nhanh khi NF tng, iu ny l do khi
NF tng th cc thnh phn tp m bc x t
pht c khuch i tng, lm gim t s tn
hiu trn tp m sau tch sng quang v nh
hng mnh n nhy thu. V d vi h
thng 64-QAM nh c ch ra trn hnh 4, ti
G = 25dB, gi tr ca nhy thu t c l 46 dBm khi NF=4 dB; tuy nhin khi NF tng
n 8 dB th nhy thu lc ny ch l 42dBm. Mt khc, khi s mc iu ch tng th
hiu sut bng thng s tng nhng li lm cho
nhy thu gim xung nh c ch ra trn
hnh 5; v d ti M= 16 v G = 5dB gi tr
nhy thu t c -46,5 dBm; tuy nhin khi s
mc iu ch M tng ln n 64 th nhy thu
lc ny ch t -44dBm. Do , khi thit k h
thng truyn tn hiu M-QAM th nh thit k
phi cn nhc tnh ton gia cc tham s:
khong cch truyn dn, nhy thu quang, h
s khuch i G v s mc iu ch c s
dng m bo c cht lng truyn dn
yu cu.

truyn dn ca tuyn; bi vi mt khong cch

tuyn truyn dn cho trc, nh thit k cn
chn cc tham s khc ca h thng m bo
c cht lng truyn tin yu cu hay vi mt
tp cc tham s cho trc th ta cn phi tnh
ton c xem l khong cch truyn dn cc
i c th t c l bao nhiu vi mt gi tr
BER cho trc. Trn hnh 6 v hnh 7 l mi
quan h gia khong cch truyn dn ca tuyn
v h s khuch i G ca EDFA vi cc tc
bit 2,5 Gb/s, 5 Gb/s, 7,5 Gb/s v 10 Gb/s tng
ng, kt qu m phng cho hai h thng 64QAM v 256- QAM, vi BER 109 . R rng
khi tc bit tng th khong cch truyn dn
ca tuyn s b gim xung; v d ti tc bit
2,5 Gb/s, khong cch truyn cc i c th t
c 225 km cho h thng 64- QAM v 212
km cho h thng 256- QAM, ti G = 5dB; tuy
nhin khi tc bit tng n 10 Gb/s th
khong cch ch cn l 210 km cho h thng
64-QAM v 195 km cho h thng 256- QAM
vi cng mt gi tr G nh trn.
Ta thy rng, yu cu v t l li bit BER
ca h thng c nh hng rt ln n nhy
thu cng nh khong cch truyn dn ca tuyn
v yu cu v cht lng ca h thng thng tin
cng cao th khong cch truyn dn cc i
ca h thng cng nh. Kt qu m phng mi
quan h gia khong cch truyn dn ca tuyn
64-QAM vi h s khuch i G ca EDFA
cho hai h thng c yu cu t l li bit BER
tng ng l 10-9 v 10-12 c ch ra trn hnh
8. Ta thy khi yu cu cht lng ca h thng
truyn tin cao, gi s t BER=10-9 n gi tr
BER=10-12 th khong cch truyn dn s gim
khong 10 km ti tc bit Rb=10Gb/s.

Hnh 6. Mi quan h gia khong cch tuyn v

G vi M=64

Hnh 7. Mi quan h gia khong cch tuyn v

G vi M=256

Hnh 8. Mi quan h gia khong cch tuyn v

G vi BER khc nhau

Mt trong nhng tham s quan trng cn

quan tm khi thit k tuyn l khong cch
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TP CH KHOA HC & CNG NGH CC TRNG I HC K THUT S 70 - 2009

khuch i quang th khong cch truyn dn s

tng hn nhiu v c th t n 190 km cho h
thng 256- QAM hay thm ch l 220 km cho
h thng 16- QAM. Nh vy h thng s dng
khuch i quang s c khong cch truyn dn
ln hn hn so vi h thng khng s dng b
khuch i quang.
IV. KT LUN
Trong thit k tnh ton tuyn truyn dn
quang M-QAM, khong cch truyn dn v
nhy thu quang l hai tham s rt quan trng
cn c nghin cu. Hai gi tr ny ph thuc
vo nhiu tham s khc nhau ca h thng nh
h s khuch i G, phng php iu ch c
s dng hay h s tp m NF ca b khuch
i. Bi bo kho st s ph thuc ca
nhy thu quang v khong cch truyn dn ca
tuyn thng tin quang M-QAM vo mt s
tham s ca h thng. Cc kt qu ny c th
c dng thit k tuyn thng tin quang
truyn tn hiu M-QAM m bo gi tr BER
theo yu cu.

Hnh 9. So snh h thng c v khng c

khuch i quang EDFA.
tng khong cch truyn dn ca
tuyn cng nh nhy thu quang, ngi ta
thng dng b khuch i quang EDFA lm
tin khuch i. Hnh 9 so snh khong cch
truyn dn ti a c th t c ca cc h
thng: c v khng s dng b khuch i
quang v cc h thng c s mc iu ch M
khc nhau. Vi h thng khng c s dng
khuch i quang EDFA th khong cch truyn
dn cc i ch t khong 40 km ti
BER 109 , trong khi h thng c s dng
1.

2.

3.
4.

5.
6.

7.

TI LIU THAM KHO

Trn c Hn, Trn Quc Dng, L Trung Thnh, o Ngc Nam; Phng php tnh ton cng
sut b BER trong h thng truyn dn quang; Tp ch BCVT, Chuyn san cc Cng trnh nghin
cu trin khai VT v CNTT, S 11, 3/2004.
L Trung Thnh; Nghin cu vic nh gi cht lng truyn dn tn hiu video c iu ch
bng phng php M-QAM qua tuyn thng tin quang c s dng b khuch i quang si
EDFA; Tp ch Khoa hc v Cng ngh, i hc Nng, 5/2004.
L Trung Thnh; So snh hot ng ca cc h thng thng tin quang M-QAM c s dng b
khuch i quang; Tp ch Khoa hc Giao thng Vn ti, Trng HGTVT, S 8, thng 9/2004.
L Trung Thnh; Phng php tnh cng sut b BER thit k cc h thng truyn tn hiu MQAM qua tuyn thng tin cp si quang; Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh trng i hc Cng
ngh, i hc Quc gia H Ni, T.XX, No.3, 2004.
Roberto Sabella; Performance analysis of wireless broadband systems employing optical fiber
link; IEEE Transactions on communications, pp.715-721,vol.47, No.5, May 1999
Vu Van San, Hoang Van Vo; Accurate Estimation of Receiver sensitivity for 10 Gb/s optically
amplified systems; Optic Communication Journal, Amsterdam, The Netherland, Vol.181, July,
2000.
A. Pappert, D. Lafaw; Performance evaluation of a 64- QAM microwave fiber optic link wih a
remote external modulator. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual DARPA symposium on Photonic
systems for antenna applications , 13-16, Jan., 1997.

a ch lin h:

Trn c Hn - Tel: (04) 3853.2909

Khoa in t - Vin thng, Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni

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