Giao Trinh Day Them Ly 11 Tap 1

MC LC
LI NI U ....................................................................................................................... 2
Chng 1: IN TCH IN TRNG .......................................................................... 3
A. TM TT L THUYT ................................................................................................. 3
B. CC DNG TON .......................................................................................................... 7
DNG 1: LC TNG TC COULOMB CA IN TCH IM. ........................ 7
DNG 2: VN DNG NH LUT II NEWTON .................................................... 13
DNG 3: CNG IN TRNG. .................................................................... 15
DNG 3: CNG - IN TH - T IN. ................................................................. 22
C. TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN................................................................................ 26
Chng 2: DNG IN KHNG I............................................................................ 34
A. TM TT L THUYT ............................................................................................... 34
B. CC DNG BI TP .................................................................................................... 36
DNG 1: TNH IN LNG, CNG DNG IN V SUT IN NG
....................................................................................................................................... 36
DNG 2: BI TP V GHP IN TR V NH LUT OHM CHO ON
MCH CH CHA IN TR ................................................................................... 37
DNG 3: BI TP V NH LUT OHM CHO MCH KN V GHP NGUN41
DNG 4: BI TP V NH LUT OHM CHO ON MCH CHA NGUN 50
Chng III: DNG IN TRONG CC MI TRNG ............................................ 59
A. TM TT L THUYT ............................................................................................... 59
B. CC DNG BI TP .................................................................................................... 61
DNG 1: BI TP V IN TR V SUT NHIT IN NG ...................... 61
DNG 2: BI TP LIN QUAN N DNG IN TRONG CHT IN PHN.
....................................................................................................................................... 63
Bin son: Kiu Quang V - GV Tr. THPT NC
LI NI U
gip cc em hc sinh n tp mt cch c h thng nhng kin thc ca chng trnh
Vt l lp 11 Ban c bn gim ti, ti xin tm tt li phn l thuyt trong sch gio khoa,
trong ti liu chun kin thc v tuyn chn ra mt s dng bi tp c bn thng gp trong
chng trnh vt l 11 v mt s cu trc nghim khch quan theo chng trong sch gio
khoa bin tp thnh tp ti liu "CC DNG BI TP T LUN V BI TP TRC
NGHIM L 11". Hy vng ti liu ny s gip ch c mt cht g cho cc qu ng
nghip trong qu trnh ging dy (c th dng lm ti liu dy t chn, dy ph o) v
cc em hc sinh trong qu trnh hc tp, kim tra, thi c.
Cu trc ti liu c phn chia theo tng chng ca chng trnh vt l 11. Trong mi
chng chia thnh cc phn:
* Tm tt l thuyt.
* Cc dng bi tp p dng
* Trc nghim khch quan.
Cc dng bi tp bao gm phng php gii c bn nht v km theo cc bi tp c hng
dn. Cn cc cu trc nghim khch quan trong tng phn th ch c p n, khng c li gii
chi tit.
thun tin cho vic hc v tham kho ca hc sinh ti chia cun ti liu ny thnh hai
tp. Ni dung chnh ca tp 1:
+ Cc dng bi tp v in tch - in trng.
+ Cc dng bi tp v t in. Trong phn ny c mt s bi tp nm trong chng trnh
nng khng c trong chng trnh c bn. Tuy nhin do cn thit sau ny cho hc thi quc
gai nn ti a thm vo.
+ Cc dng bi tp v dng in khng i. Trong phn ny ti a thm cc bi tp v
on mch cha ngun.
+ Cc dng bi tp v dng in khng i. tng cng kh nng gii ton mch in
mt chiu trong phn dng in trong cht in phn ti a thm mt s bi tp dng mch
in vo.
Mc d c nhiu c gng trong vic su tm, bin son nhng chc chn trong ti liu
ny s khng trnh khi nhng s sut, thiu st. Rt mong nhn c nhng nhn xt, gp
ca cc qu ng nghip, cc bc ph huynh hc sinh, cc em hc sinh v cc bn c
chnh sa li thnh mt tp ti liu hon ho hn.
Mi ng gp kin c th gi v:
a chi email: vly2011@gmail.com
Phone: 01224491154
Cc bn cp nht ca ti liu c th theo di trang:
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http://thuvienvatly.vn
Xin chn thnh cm n.
Tc gi
Chng 1: IN TCH IN TRNG

A. TM TT L THUYT
1. Hai loi in tch
+ C hai loi in tch: in tch dng (+) v in tch m (-).
+ Cc in tch cng du th y nhau, tri du th ht nhau.
+ n v in tch l culng (C).
2. S nhim in ca cc vt
+ Nhim in do c xt: hai vt khng nhim in khi c xt vi nhau th c th lm chng
nhim in tri du nhau.
+ Nhim in do tip xc: cho thanh kim loi khng nhim in chm vo qu cu nhim
in th thanh kim loi nhim in cng du vi in tch ca qu cu. a thanh kim loi ra
xa qu cu th thanh kim loi vn cn nhim in.
+ Nhim in do hng ng: a thanh kim loi khng nhim in n gn qu cu nhim
in nhng khng chm vo qu cu, th hai u thanh kim loi s nhim in. u gn qu
cu hn nhim in tri du vi in tch ca qu cu, u xa hn nhim in cng du vi
in tch ca qu cu. a thanh kim loi ra xa qu cu th thanh kim loi tr v trng thi
khng nhim in nh lc u.
3. nh lut Culng
* Trong chn khng
- Ni dung: ln ca lc tng tc gia hai in tch im ng yn trong chn t l thun
vi tch cc ln ca hai in tch v t l nghch vi bnh phng khong cch gia
chng.
|q1 .q2 |
- Biu thc: F = k.
r2
Trong :
+ k = 9.109
N.m2
C2
: Hng s Boltzman
+ q1, q2 l hai in tch im.

+ r: l khong cch gia hai in tch im.
- Vct lc tng tc gia hai in tch im:
+ C im t trn mi in tch.
+ C phng trng vi ng thng ni hai in tch.
+ C chiu: y nhau nu cng du (q1.q2 > 0), ht nhau nu tri du (q1.q2 < 0).
r
q1.q2 >0
q1.q2 < 0
|q1 .q2 |
+ ln ca lc in: F = k.
r2
* Trong mi trng in mi lc tng tc in gia hai in tch im nh hn trong mi

trng chn khng hay khng kh ln.
F
|q1 .q2 |
r2
F' = = k.
Vi l hng s in mi ca mi trng
* Nguyn l chng cht lc in: Lc tng tc gia nhiu in tch im ln mt in tch
im: F = F1 + + F2
4. Thuyt electron
* Ni dung:
+ Bnh thng tng i s tt c cc in tch trong nguyn t bng khng, nguyn t trung
ho v in.
+ Nu nguyn t mt bt electron th tr thnh ion dng; nu nguyn t nhn thm electron
th tr thnh ion m.
+ Khi lng electron rt nh nn linh ng ca electron rt ln. V vy electron d dng
bt khi nguyn t, di chuyn trong vt hay di chuyn t vt ny sang vt khc lm cc vt
b nhim in.
+ Vt nhim in m l vt tha electron; vt nhim in dng l vt thiu electron.
+ Vt dn in l vt cha nhiu in tch t do. Vt cch in (in mi) l vt cha rt t
in tch t do.
* Gii thch hin tng nhim in:
- Do c xt hay tip xc m cc electron di chuyn t vt ny sang vt kia.
- Do hng ng m cc electron t do s di chuyn v mt pha ca vt (thc cht y l s
phn b li cc electron t do trong vt) lm cho pha d electron tch in m v pha ngc
li thiu electron nn tch in dng.
5. nh lut bo ton in tch
+ Mt h c lp v in, ngha l h khng trao i in tch vi cc h khc th, tng i s
cc in tch trong h l mt hng s.
+ Khi cho hai vt tch in q1 v q2 tip xc vi nhau ri tch chng ra th in tch ca chng
s bng nhau v l q 1/ = q 2/ =
q1 +q2
2
6. in trng
- in trng l mi trng vt cht tn ti xung quanh cc in tch.
- Tnh cht c bn ca in trng l n tc dng lc in ln in tch t trong n.
- in trng tnh l in trng do cc in tch ng yn gy ra.
- Vc t cng in trng gy bi mt in tch im:
+ C im t ti im ta xt.
+ C phng trng vi ng thng ni in tch vi im ta xt.
+ C chiu: hng ra xa in tch nu l in tch dng, hng v pha in tch nu l
in tch m.
+ C ln: E = k.
|q|
r2
- n v cng in trng l V/m.

n.
- Nguyn l chng cht in trng: E = E1 + . +E
.
- Lc tc dng ca in trng ln in tch q: F= qE
- ng sc in l ng c v trong in trng sao cho hng ca tip tuyn ti bt k
im no trn ng sc cng trng vi hng ca vc t cng in trng ti im .
- Tnh cht ca ng sc:

+Ti mi im trong in trng ta c th v c mt ng sc in v ch mt m
thi. Cc ng sc in khng ct nhau.
+ Cc ng sc in trng tnh l cc ng khng khp kn.
+ Ni no cng in trng ln hn th cc ng sc in s c v mau hn
(dy hn), ni no cng in trng nh hn th cc ng sc in s c v
tha hn.
- in trng u: l in trng c cng in trng ti mi im u bng nhau. Hay
l in trng c cc ng sc in song song v cch u nhau.
7. Cng ca lc in in th Hiu in th
- Cng ca lc in tc dng ln mt in tch khng ph thuc vo dng ng i ca in
tch m ch ph thuc vo im u v im cui ca ng i trong in trng, do
ngi ta ni in trng tnh l mt trng th.
AMN = q.E.MN.cos = qEd
- in th ti mt im M trong in trng l i lng c trng ring cho in trng v
phng din to ra th nng khi t ti mt in tch q. N c xc nh bng thng s
gia cng ca lc in tc dng ln q khi q di chuyn t M ra v cc v ln ca q.
VM =
AM
q
- Hiu in th gia hai im M, N trong in trng c trng cho kh nng sinh cng ca
in trng trong s di chuyn ca mt in tch t M n N. N c xc nh bng thng
s gia cng ca lc in tc dng ln in tch q trong s di chuyn ca q t M n N v
ln ca q.
UMN = VM VN =
AMN
q
- n v hiu in th l vn (V).
- H thc gia cng in trng v hiu in th: E =
U
d
- Ch c hiu in th gia hai im trong in trng mi c gi tr xc nh cn in th

ti mi im trong in trng th ph thuc vo cch chn mc ca in th.
8. T in
- T in l mt h hai vt dn t gn nhau v ngn cch nhau bng mt lp cch in. Mi
vt dn gi l mt bn ca t in. T in dng cha in tch.
- T in l dng c c dng ph bin trong cc mch in xoay chiu v cc mch v
tuyn. N c nhim v tch v phng in trong mch in.
- ln in tch trn mi bn ca t in khi tch in gi l in tch ca t in.
q
- in dung ca t in C = l i lng c trng cho kh nng tch in ca t in
U
mt hiu in th nht nh.

- n v in dung l fara (F).
- in dung ca t in phng C =.
9.109 4d
Trong :
+ S l din tch ca mi bn (phn i din).
+ d l khong cch gia hai bn

+ l hng s in mi ca lp in mi chim y gia hai bn.
- Mi t in c mt hiu in th gii hn. Khi hiu in th gia hai bn t vt qu hiu
in th gii hn th lp in mi gia hai bn t b nh thng, t in b hng.
* Ghp song song:
* Ghp ni tip:
U = U1 = U2 = = Un;
Q = q1 = q2 = = qn
Q = q1 + q2 + + qn;
U = U1 + U2 + + Un
1
1
1
C = C1 + C2 + + Cn.
= + +
1 2
- Nng lng t in tch in: W = QU = . = CU2.
B. CC DNG TON
DNG 1: LC TNG TC COULOMB CA IN TCH IM.
I. PHNG PHP
a) Loi 1: i vi dng ton n gin v lc coulomb ca h hai in ta p dng cng
thc ca nh lut culomb
F = k.
|q1 .q2 |
r2
Trong :
+ k = 9.109
N.m2
C2
: Hng s Boltzman
+ q1, q2 l hai in tch im.

+ r: l khong cch gia hai in tch im.
b) Loi 2: Bi ton v lc tng tc nh ca h 3 in tch im tr ln.
Nguyn l chung l p dng nh lut coulomb tnh ln ca lc thnh phn, p dng
nguyn l chng cht lc tm ln ca lc tng hp. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
Gi s ta c h ba in tch im q1, q2 v q0. Xc nh lc in tc dng ln q0. Bit q1, q2
t ti AB
* Bc 1: biu din lc tc dng ln q0. Khi biu din lu mt s vn sau:
- Xc nh v tr t q0
Da khong cch t q0 n q1 v q2 m bi cho xc nh v tr ca q0. Cn ch :
+ Nu r1 + r2 = r12 th q0 nm ng thng AB v gia A, B.
+ Nu r1 + r12 = r2 th q0 nm trn cng ng thng AB, ngoi A, B pha gn q1.
+ Nu r2 + r12 = r1 th q0 nm trn cng ng thng AB, ngoi A, B pha gn q2.
+ Nu r1 + r2 > r12 th q0 khng nm trn cng ng thng AB, m thuc vo tam gic cha
3 in tch.
Tam gic vung
Tam gic u
Tam gic cn
- Ba gi tr r1, r2, r12 phi tha - Ba gi tr r1, r2, r12 phi bng - Ba gi tr r1, r2, r12 phi c 2
mn nh l Pitago
nhau.
gi tr bng nhau.
- Biu din lc in tc dng ln q0 theo qui tc sau:
Lc in do q1 gy ra ti q0
Lc in do q2 gy ra ti q0
+ Nu q1q0 > 0 th lc in c im t ti q0 + Nu q2q0 > 0 th lc in c im t ti q0
hng ra xa q1. (q1 v q0 cng du)
hng ra xa q2.(q2 v q0 cng du)
+ Nu q1q0 < 0 th lc in c im t ti q0 + Nu q2q0 < 0 th lc in c im t ti q0
hng ra xa q1. (q1 v q0 tri du)
hng ra xa q1. (q2 v q0 tri du)
nu h 3 in tch im to thnh tam gic ta dng qui tc hnh bnh hnh tm lc in
tng hp.
* Bc 2: Xc nh ln ca lc in thnh phn bng cch da vo nh lut Coulomb.
|q1 .q0 |
+ Tnh lc do q1 tc dng ln q0: F10 = k.
r21
|q2 .q0 |
+ Tnh lc do q2 tc dng ln q0: F20 = k.
r22
* Bc 3: Tnh ln lc in tng hp tc dng ln q0:

- p dng nguyn l chng cht lc in: F0 = F10 + F20
10 v F
20 .
- Da vo hnh v xc nh chiu ca F
- Cn c vo chiu ca F10 v F20 xc inh ln ca F0 nh sau:
+ F10 v F20 cng chiu: F0 = F10 + F20
10 v F
20 ngc chiu: F0 = |F10 F20 |
+F
2
2
+ F10 v F20 vung gc: F0 = F10
+ F20
2
2
+ F10 v F20 hp nhau gc bt k: F0 = F10
+ F20
+ 2F10 F20 cos trong cos c th da
vo hnh xc nh.
Trong trng hp F10 = F20 th F0 = 2F10cos( )

2
* tnh nhanh gi tr F0 nu xc nh c F10, F20 v th ta c th p dng my tnh

tnh nhanh nh sau:
MODE 2 SHIFT MODE 3 2
F10 + F20 SHIFT (-) = kt qu F0
Lu l gc hp bi F10 v F20
c) Loi 3: Xc nh v tr t q0 v q0 h in tch im nm cn bng
* Bc 1: Xc nh v tr t q0:
- Nu q1q2 > 0 ( cng du) th v tr t q0 thuc vo on AB, nm gia q1 v q2.
- Nu q1q2 > 0 ( cng du) th v tr t q0 thuc vo ng thng AB, nm ngoi A, B.
+ Gn q1 nu: q1 nh hn q2
+ Gn q2 nu: q1 ln hn q2
* Bc 2: Xc nh khong cch t q0 n q1 v q2
Gi
+ L = AB l khong cch t q1 n q2
+ r1 = x l khong cch t q0 n q1
L x: nu q1 q2 > 0
q q < 0
L + x: nu { 1 2
q0 gn q1
+ Khi khong cch t q0 n q2 l r2 =
q q < 0
x L: nu { 1 2
q0 gn q2
{
- iu kin lc in tc dng ln q0 cn bng l:
F10 = F20 (1)
- Gii phng trnh (1) tm x ta xc nh c v tr t q0 cho lc in tc dng ln q0
bng 0. T y suy ra khong cch t q2 n q0 l r2
* Bc 3: Xc nh gi tr q0
xc nh gi tr q0 ta p dng iu kin sau:
F01 = F21 hay
|q0 |
x2
|q2 |
r22
- Thay cc gi tr x v r2 xc nh bc 2 tm ra q0
II. BI TP P DNG
* Loi 1:
Bi 1: Hai qu cu nh ging nhau bng kim loi A v B t trong khng kh, c in tch
ln lt l q1 = - 3,2.10-7 C v q2 = 2,4.10-7 C, cch nhau mt khong 12 cm.
a) Xc nh lc tng tc in gia chng.
b) Cho hai qu cu tip xc in vi nhau ri t v ch c. Xc nh lc tng tc in gia
hai qu cu sau .
Gii
a) Lc tng tc in gia chng l lc ht v c ln:
|q1 q2 |
F = 9.109
= 48.10-3 N.
r2
b) Khi cho hai qu cu tip xc vi nhau ri tch ra th theo nh lut bo in tch

Ta c in tch ca mi qu cu l: q1 = q2 =
q1 +q2
2
= - 0,4.10-7 C
Lc tng tc in gia chng by gi l lc ht v c ln:

F = 9.10
9|q1 q2 |
r2
= 10-3 N.
Bi 2: Hai in tch q1 v q2 t cch nhau 20 cm trong khng kh, chng y nhau vi mt

lc F = 1,8 N. Bit q1 + q2 = - 6.10-6 C v |q1| > |q2|. Xc nh cc gi tr ca q1 v q2.
Gii
Hai in tch y nhau nn chng cng du; v q1+ q2 < 0 nn chng u l in tch m.
|q1 q2 |
Ta c: F = 9.109
r2
|q1q2| = 8.10-12
V q1 v q2 cng du |q1q2| = q1q2 = 8.10-12 (1)

T gi thuyt c q1 + q2 = - 6.10-6 (2).
T (1) v (2) ta thy q1 v q2 l nghim ca phng trnh:
x2 + 6.10-6x + 8.10-12 = 0
Gii phng trnh ny ta thu c: x1 = - 2.10-6 v x2 = - 4.10-6
6
6
q1 = [2.106 v q2 = [4.106
4.10
2.10
-6
V |q1| > |q2| q1 = - 4.10 C; q2 = - 2.10-6 C.
Bi 3: Hai in tch q1 v q2 t cch nhau 30 cm trong khng kh, chng ht nhau vi mt
lc F = 1,2 N. Bit q1 + q2 = - 4.10-6 C v |q1| < |q2|. Xc nh q1 v q2.
Gii
Hai in tch ht nhau nn chng tri du; v q1 + q2 < 0 v |q1| < |q2| nn q1 > 0; q2 < 0.
|q1 q2 |
Ta c: F = 9.109
r2
|q1q2| = 12.10-12
V q1 v q2 tri du nn: |q1q2| = - q1q2 = 12.10-12 (1)

Theo gi thuyt c: q1 + q2 = - 4.10-6 (2).
x2 + 4.10-6x - 12.10-12 = 0
Gii phng trnh ny ta thu c: x1 = 2.10-6 v x2 = - 6.10-6
6
6
q1 = [ 2.10 6 v q2 = [6.106
6.10
2.10
V q1 > 0, q2 nn q1 = 2.10-6 C; q2 = - 6.10-6 C.

Bi 4: Hai in tch q1 v q2 t cch nhau 15 cm trong khng kh, chng ht nhau vi mt
lc F = 4 N. Bit q1 + q2 = 3.10-6 C; |q1| < |q2|. Xc nh q1 v q2.
Gii
Hai in tch ht nhau nn chng tri du; v q1 + q2 > 0 v |q1| < |q2| nn q1 < 0; q2 > 0.
|q1 q2 |
Ta c: F = 9.109
r2
|q1q2| = 12.10-12
V q1 v q2 tri du nn: |q1q2| = - q1q2 = 12.10-12 (1)

Theo gi thuyt c: q1 + q2 = - 4.10-6 (2).
x2 + 4.10-6x - 12.10-12 = 0
Gii phng trnh ny ta thu c: x1 = 2.10-6 v x2 = - 6.10-6
6
6
q1 = [ 2.10 6 v q2 = [6.106
6.10
2.10
V q1 > 0, q2 < 0 nn q1 = - 6.10-6 C; q2 = 2.10-6 C.
Bi 5: Hai in tch im c ln bng nhau c t trong khng kh cch nhau 12 cm.
Lc tng tc gia hai in tch bng 10 N. t hai in tch trong du v a chng
cch nhau 8 cm th lc tng tc gia chng vn bng 10 N. Tnh ln cc in tch v
hng s in mi ca du.
Gii
Khi t trong khng kh: |q1| = |q2| =
Khi t trong du ta c: F' =
k|q1 q2 |
r22
Fr21
= 4.10-12 C.
k|q1 q2 |
F r22
= 2,25.
Bi 6: Cho hai qu cu kim loi nh, ging nhau, tch in v cch nhau 20 cm th chng ht
nhau mt lc bng 1,2 N. Cho chng tip xc vi nhau ri tch chng ra n khong cch
nh c th chng y nhau vi lc y bng lc ht. Tnh in tch lc u ca mi qu cu.
Gii
Hai qu cu ht nhau nn chng tch in tri du.
V in tch tri du nn:
|q1q2| = - q1q2 =
16 12
16 12
.10 q1q2 = .10 (1).
3
3
Khi cho in tch tip xc v tch ra th ta c: q' =

F=
k|q1 q2 |
r2
q1 +q2
) =
Fr2
k
q1q2 =
q1 +q2
2
192
. 106
3
(2).
T (1) v (2) ta thy q1 v q2 l nghim ca cc phng trnh:

3x2 192.10-6x - 16.10-12 = 0
x = 0.96 106
x1 = 0.96 106
Gii 2 phng trnh ny ta c: { 1
v
{
x2 = 5.58 106
x2 = 5.58 106
q1 = 0.96 106
q1 = 5.58 106
Kt qu: {
hoc {
q2 = 5.58 106
q2 = 0.96 106
* Loi 2:
10
Bi 7: Ti 2 im A, B cch nhau 10 cm trong khng kh, t 2 in tch q1 = q2 = - 6.10-6 C.

Xc nh lc in trng do hai in tch ny tc dng ln in tch q3 = -3.10-8 C t ti C.
Bit AC = BC = 15 cm.
Gii
Cc in tch q1 v q2 tc dng ln in tch q3 cc lc 1 v 2 c
phng chiu nh hnh v, c ln: F1 = F2 = 9.109
|1 2 |
2
= 72.10-3 N.
Lc tng hp do q1 v q2 tc dng ln q3 l:
= 1 + 2
- C phng chiu nh hnh v.
- ln: F = F1cos + F2 cos = 2F1 cos
Trong cos =
CH
BC2 AH2
BC
BC2 AH2
F = = 2.F1.
BC
BC
136.10-3 N.
Bi 8: Ti hai im A v B cch nhau 20 cm trong khng kh, t hai in tch q1 = -3.10-6C,

q2 = 8.10-6C. Xc nh lc in trng tc dng ln in tch q3 = 2.10-6C t ti C. Bit AC
= 12 cm, BC = 16 cm.
Gii
Tc dng ln in tch q3 cc lc 1 v 2 c phng chiu nh
hnh v, c ln:
F1 = 9.109
|1 3 |
2
|
9 3 2 |
F2 = 9.10
= 3,75 N
= 5,625 N.
Lc tng hp do q1 v q2 tc dng ln q3 l:
= 1 + 2
- C phng chiu nh hnh v.
- ln: F = 12 + 22 ~ 6,76 N
* Loi 3
Bi 9: C hai in tch im q v 4q t cch nhau mt khong r. Cn t in tch th ba q0
u v c du nh th no h ba in tch nm cn bng? Xt hai trng hp:
a) Hai in tch q v 4q c gi c nh.
b) hai in tch q v 4q t do.
Gii
a) Trng hp cc in tch q v 4q c gi c nh
v q1q2 = 4q2 > 0 nn lc tc do q1 = q v q2 = 4q tc dng ln q0 cn bng th q0 phi t
gia on thng ni q1, q2.
Gi x l khong cch t q0 n q1
Khi r - x l khong cch t q0 n q2
iu kin cn bng l: F10 = F20
|q|
x2
|4q|
= (rx)2 x =
r
3
11
2r 2r
3 3
Vy Q phi t cch q khong cch v cch 4q khong cch
; vi q c ln v du
ty .
b) Trng hp cc in tch q1 = q v q2 = 4q t do:
Ngoi iu kin v khong cch nh cu a th cn c thm cc iu kin F01 = F21 v F02 =
F21. T hai iu kin ny ta c:
|q0 |
x2
|4q|
r2
q0 = -
4q
9
12
DNG 2: VN DNG NH LUT II NEWTON

I. PHNG PHP
i vi dng ton p dng nh lut Newton ta tin hnh nh sau:
* Bc 1: Biu din lc tc dng ln vt
- Thng thng gm lc cng dy T cng c th lc y Ac - si - met FA , lc in F, trong
lc P.
* Bc 2: Vit biu thc nh lut II Newton cho trng hp cn bng.
Chiu ln cc phng thng ng v phng ngang.
* Bc 3: Kt hp vi cc iu kin bi ton nh gc suy ra kt qu cn tm
II. BI TP P DNG
Bi 1: Hai qu cu nh ging nhau bng kim loi, c khi lng 5 g, c treo vo cng mt
im O bng hai si dy khng dn, di 10 cm. Hai qu cu tip xc vi nhau. Tch in cho
mt qu cu th thy hai qu cu y nhau cho n khi hai dy treo hp vi nhau mt gc
600. Tnh in tch truyn cho qu cu. Ly g = 10 m/s2.
Gii
Khi truyn cho mt qu cu in tch q th do tip xc, mi qu cu s
nhim in tch , chng y nhau v khi v tr cn bng mi qu cu s

2
chu tc dng ca 3 lc: trng lc , lc tnh in v sc cng si dy

, khi :
=0
Theo nh lut II Newton c: + +
- Chiu ln phng thng ng: P = Tcos (1)

2
- Chiu ln phng thng ng: F = Tsin (2)

2
T (1) v (2) tan =
Trong : F = 9.10
v P = mg
q =
2
2
P
2
q
9
4r2
4r2 .mg.tan( )
9.109
(3)
r
2
Mt khc c: tan =
r = 2.tan (4)
Nn t (3) v (4) c: |q| =
16mg2 tan3
3
9
9.10
= 4.10-7 C.
Bi 2: Hai qu cu nh c cng khi lng m, cng in tch q, c treo trong khng kh

vo cng mt im O bng hai si dy mnh (khi lng khng ng k) cch in, khng
co dn, cng chiu di . Do lc y tnh in chng cch nhau mt khong r (r << ).
a) Tnh in tch ca mi qu cu.
b) p dng s: m = 1,2 g; = 1 m; r = 6 cm. Ly g = 10 m/s2.
13
Gii
a) v tr cn bng mi qu cu s chu tc dng ca 3 lc: trng lc P,
v sc cng si dy T
, khi :
lc tnh in F
Theo nh lut II Newton c: P + F + T = 0
- Chiu ln phng thng ng: P = Tcos (1)

2
- Chiu ln phng thng ng: F = Tsin (2)

2
kq2
mgr2
T (1) v (2) tan = =
(3)
Mt khc, v r << l nn l rt nh nn: tan sin =
T (3) v (4) suy ra |q| =
(4)
mgr3
2k
b) Thay s: |q| = 1,2.10-8 C.
14
DNG 3: CNG IN TRNG.

I. PHNG PHP
a) Loi 1: Bi ton n gin p dng cng thc xc nh cng in trng.
- i vi loi bi tp ny ta p dng cng thc E = k.
|q|
r2
xc nh E, q, r.
- Trng hp c lin quan n lc in v cng in trng ta p dng cng thc:

F = |q|E
b) Loi 1: Bi ton tm cng in trng do h in tch im gy ra ti mt im.
Phng php chung l p dng nguyn l chng cht in trng. Gii bi ton ny theo cc
bc sau:
Gi s c hai in tch im q1 v q2 t ti A v B. Xc nh cng in in trng ti
m do q1 v q2 gy ra. Gi r1 l khong cch t M q1, r2 l khong cch t M q1.
* Bc 1: biu din cc vc t cng in trng.
- Xc nh v tr im M
Da khong cch t M n q1 v q2 m bi cho xc nh v tr ca M. Cn ch :
+ Nu r1 + r2 = rAB th M nm ng thng AB v gia A, B.
+ Nu r1 + rAB = r2 th M nm trn cng ng thng AB, ngoi A, B pha gn q1.
+ Nu r2 + rAB = r1 th M nm trn cng ng thng AB, ngoi A, B pha gn q2.
+ Nu r1 + r2 > rAB th M khng nm trn cng ng thng AB, m thuc vo tam gic cha
3 in tch.
Tam gic vung
Tam gic u
Tam gic cn
- Ba gi tr r1, r2, rAB phi - Ba gi tr r1, r2, rAB phi - Ba gi tr r1, r2, rAB phi c
tha mn nh l Pitago
bng nhau.
2 gi tr bng nhau.
- Biu din cng in trng ti M theo qui tc sau:
Cng in trng do q1 gy ra ti M
Cng in trng do q2 gy ra ti M
+ Nu q1 > 0 th 1 c im t ti M hng + Nu q2 > 0 th 2 c im t ti M hng
ra xa q1.
ra xa q2.
+ Nu q1 < 0 th 1 c im t ti M hng + Nu q2 < 0 th 2 c im t ti M hng

v q1.
v q2.
- Tm tng hp ta thng dng qui tc hnh bnh hnh.
* Bc 2: Tm ln ca cc vec t cng thnh phn
p dng cng thc E = k.
- E1 = k.
- E2 = k.
|q|
r2
tnh cc gi tr ca cc cng in trng thnh phn.
|q1 |
r21
|q2 |
r22
* Bc 3: Xc nh E
- Theo nguyn l chng cht in trng trng c: E = E1 + E2
- Cn c vo hnh gin vc t biu din E1 , E2 xc nh chiu ca chng.
- Tnh ln theo cc cng thc ng vi tng trng hp sau:
15
1, E
2 cng chiu E = E1 + E2
+ Nu E
+ Nu E1 , E2 ngc chiu: E = |E1 E2 |
1, E
2 vung gc: E = E12 + E22
+ Nu E
+ Nu E1 , E2 hp nhau gc bt k: E = E12 + E22 + 2E1 E2 cos trong cos c th da vo
hnh xc nh.
Trong trng hp E1 = E2 th E = 2E1cos( )

2
c) Loi 3: Xc nh v tr t M cng in trng ti M bng 0

* Bc 1: Xc nh v tr t q0:
- Nu q1q2 > 0 ( cng du) th v tr t M thuc vo on AB, nm gia q1 v q2.
- Nu q1q2 > 0 ( cng du) th v tr t M thuc vo ng thng AB, nm ngoi A, B.
+ Gn M nu: q1 nh hn q2
+ Gn M nu: q1 ln hn q2
* Bc 2: Xc nh khong cch t M n q1 v q2
Gi
+ L = AB l khong cch t q1 n q2
+ r1 = x l khong cch t M n q1
L x: nu q1 q2 > 0
q q < 0
L + x: nu { 1 2
M gn q1
+ Khi khong cch t M n q2 l r2 =
q q < 0
x L: nu { 1 2
M gn q2
{
- iu kin cng in trng ti M bng 0:
E1 = E2 (1)
- Gii phng trnh (1) tm x ta xc nh c v tr M cho cng in trng ti M
bng 0. T y suy ra khong cch t q2 n M l r2
II. BI TP P DNG
Bi 1: Ti 2 im A v B cch nhau 10 cm trong khng kh c t 2 in tch q1 = q2 = 16.108
C. Xc nh cng in trng do hai in tch ny gy ra ti im C bit AC = BC = 8
cm. Xc nh lc in trng tc dng ln in tch q3 = 2.10-6 C t ti C.
Gii
Cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra ti C cc vc t cng in trng 1
v 2 c phng chiu nh hnh v, c ln:
E1 = E2 = 9.109
|1 |
= 225.103 V/m.
Cng in trng tng hp ti C do cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra l:

= 1 + 2
- C phng chiu nh hnh v
- C ln: E = 2E1 cos
do cos =
AC2 AH2
AC
AC2 AH2
E = 2E1.
AC
351.103 V/m.
Lc in trng tng hp do q1 v q3 tc dng ln q3 l:

16
= q3E
.
F
V q3 > 0, nn F cng phng cng chiu vi E v c ln: F = q3E = 0,7 N.
Bi 2: Ti hai im A v B cch nhau 10 cm trong khng kh c t hai in tch q1 = - q2 =
6.10-6C. Xc nh cng in trng do hai in tch ny gy ra ti im C bit AC = BC
= 12 cm. Tnh lc in trng tc dng ln in tch q3 = -3.10-8 C t ti C.
Gii
Cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra ti C cc vc t cng in trng E1 v E2 c phng chiu
nh hnh v, c ln:
E1 = E2 = 9.109
|q1 |
AC2
= 375.104 V/m.

E = E1 + E2
- C ln: E = = 2E1 cos
do cos =
2 2
2 2
E = 2E1.
312,5.104 V/m.

F = q3E.
cng phng cng chiu vi E
v c ln: F = |q3|E = 0,094 N
V q3 < 0, nn F
Bi 3: Ti 2 im A, B cch nhau 20 cm trong khng kh c t 2 in tch q1 = 4.10-6 C, q2
= -6,4.10-6 C. Xc nh cng in trng do hai in tch ny gy ra ti im C bit AC
= 12 cm; BC = 16 cm. Xc nh lc in trng tc dng ln q3 = -5.10-8C t ti C.
Gii
Tam gic ABC vung ti C. Cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra ti C cc
vc t cng in trng 1 v 2 c phng chiu nh hnh v,
c ln:
+ E1 = 9.109
+ E2 = 9.10
|1 |
2
9 |1 |
2
= 25.105 V/m;
= 22,5.105 V/m.

E = E1 + E2
- C ln: E = E12 + E22 = 33,6.105 (V/m)
= q3E
.
F
V q3 < 0, nn F cng phng cng chiu vi E v c ln: F = |q3|E = 0,17 N.
Bi 4: Ti hai im A v B cch nhau 10 cm trong khng kh c t hai in tch q1 = - 1,6.106
C v q2 = - 2,4.10-6 C. Xc nh cng in trng do 2 in tch ny gy ra ti im C.
Bit AC = 8 cm, BC = 6 cm.
Gii
17
Tam gic ABC vung ti C. Cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra ti C cc

vc t cng in trng 1 v 2 c phng chiu nh hnh
v, c ln:
+ E1 = 9.109
+ E2 = 9.10
|1 |
2
9 |1 |
2
= 25,5.105 V/m;
= 60.105 V/m.

=E
1+E
2
E
- C ln: E = E12 + E22 64.105 V/m.
Bi 5: Ti hai im A, B cch nhau 15 cm trong khng kh c t hai in tch q1 = -12.10-6
C, q2 = 2,5.10-6 C.
a) Xc nh cng in trng do hai in tch ny gy ra ti im C. Bit AC = 20 cm,
BC = 5 cm.
b) Xc nh v tr im M m ti cng in trng tng hp do hai in tch ny gy
ra bng 0.
Gii
1 v E
2 c phng chiu nh
a) Cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra ti C cc vc t cng in E
hnh v, c ln:
+ E1 = 9.109
+ E2 = 9.10
|q1 |
AC2
9|q1 |
BC2
= 27105 V/m;
= 108.105 V/m.

E = E1 + E2
T hnh v ta c E1 , E2 ngc chiu nhau nn: E = E2 E1 = 81.105 V/m.
b) Do q1q2 < 0 v |q1| > |q2| nn M phi thuc ng thng ni q1 v q2 nm ngoi A, B gn
vi in tch q2
Gi x l khong cch t M n q1
Khi khong cch t q2 n M l: x - AB
iu kin cng in trng ti M bng 0 l E1 + E2 = 0 E1 = E2
|q1 |
x2
|q |
2
= (xAB)
x
ABx
|q1 |
|q2 |
= 2 x = 2AB = 30cm
Vy M nm cch A: 30 cm v cch B: 15 cm.

Bi 6: Ti hai im A, B cch nhau 20 cm trong khng kh c t hai in tch q1 = - 9.10-6
C, q2 = - 4.10-6 C.
a) Xc nh cng in trng do hai in tch ny gy ra ti im C. Bit AC = 30 cm,
BC = 10 cm.
b) Xc nh v tr im M m ti cng in trng tng hp do hai in tch ny gy
ra bng 0.
Gii:
18
1 v E
2 c phng chiu nh
a) Cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra ti C cc vc t cng in E
hnh v, c ln:
+ E1 = 9.109
+ E2 = 9.10
|q1 |
AC2
9|q1 |
BC2
= 9.105 V/m
= 36.105 V/m

E = E1 + E2
T hnh v ta c E1 , E2 cng chiu nhau nn: E = E2 + E1 = 45.105 V/m.
b) Do q1q2 > 0 v |q1| > |q2| nn M phi thuc ng thng ni q1 v q2 nm gia A, B gn
vi in tch q2
Gi x l khong cch t M n q1
Khi khong cch t q2 n M l: AB - x
iu kin cng in trng ti M bng 0 l E1 + E2 = 0 E1 = E2
|q1 |
x2
|q |
2
= (ABx)
x
ABx
|q1 |
|q2 |
= x = AB = 12cm
Vy M nm cch A: 12 cm v cch B: 8 cm.

Bi 7: t 4 in tch c cng ln q ti 4 nh ca mt hnh vung ABCD cnh a vi in
tch dng t ti A v C, in tch m t ti B v D. Xc nh cng tng hp ti giao
im hai ng cho ca hnh vung.
Gii:
Cc in tch t ti cc nh ca hnh vung gy ra ti giao im O
ca hai ng cho hnh vung cc vc t cng in trng ,
, , c phng chiu nh hnh v, c ln:
EA = EB = EC = ED =
2||
2
Cng in tng tng hp ti O: = + + + nh

hnh v.
T hnh ta thy:
A, E
D ngc chiu nhau E
A+E
D=0
+ Hai E
+ Hai EB , EC ngc chiu nhau EB + EC = 0
Vy EO = 0
Bi 8: t 4 in tch c cng ln q ti 4 nh ca mt hnh vung ABCD cnh a vi in
tch dng t ti A v D, in tch m t ti B v C. Xc nh cng tng hp ti giao
im hai ng cho ca hnh vung.
Gii:
Cc in tch t ti cc nh ca hnh vung gy ra ti giao im O
ca hai ng cho hnh vung cc vc t cng in EA , EB , EC ,
ED c phng chiu nh hnh v, c ln:
EA = EB = EC = ED =
2k|q|
a2
19
O=E
A+E
B+ E
C+E
D nh hnh v.
Cng in tng tng hp ti O l: E
42k|q|
a2
T hnh v ta c: E = 4EAcos450 =.
Bi 9: Ti 3 nh ca mt hnh vung cnh a t 3 in tch dng cng ln q. Xc nh

cng in trng tng hp do 3 in tch gy ra ti nh th t ca hnh vung.
Gii:
Cc in tch t ti cc nh A, B, C ca hnh vung gy ra ti
nh D ca hnh vung cc vc t cng in in EA , EB , EC ,
ED c phng chiu nh hnh v, c ln:
EA = EC =
k|q|
a2
v ED =
k|q|
2a2
Cng in tng tng hp ti D l: ED = EA + EB + EC nh

hnh v.
T hnh v ta c: ED = EB + EAC
Trong : EAC = 2EAcos400 =
k|q|2
a2
Vy cng in trng ti D l:
ED =
k|q|
a2
(2 + )
2
Bi 10: Ti 3 nh A, B, C ca mt hnh vung cnh a t 3 in tch dng cng ln q.

Trong in tch ti A v C dng, cn in tch ti B m. Xc nh cng in trng
tng hp do 3 in tch gy ra ti nh D ca hnh vung.
Gii:
Cc in tch t ti cc nh A, B, C ca hnh vung gy ra ti nh
D ca hnh vung cc vc t cng in in EA , EB , EC , ED c
phng chiu nh hnh v, c ln:
EA = EC =
k|q|
a2
k|q|
v ED =
2a2
D =E
A+E
B+ E
C nh
Cng in tng tng hp ti D l: E
hnh v.
T hnh v ta c: ED = - EB + EAC
Trong : EAC = 2EAcos400 =
k|q|2
a2
Vy cng in trng ti D l:
ED =
k|q|
a2
(2 )
2
Bi 11: Hai in tch q1 = q2 = q > 0 t ti hai im A v B trong khng kh cch nhau mt

khong AB = 2a. Xc nh vc t cng in trng ti im M nm trn ng trung
trc ca on AB v cch trung im H ca on AB mt on x.
20
Gii
Cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra ti M cc vc t cng in trng E1 v
2 c phng chiu nh hnh v, c ln:
E
E1 = E2 =
Vy E = 2E1
MB
x
a2 +x2
E1
(a2 +x2 )
T hnh v ta c: E = E1cos + E2 cos = 2E1 cos

AH
1
E
k|q|
Cng in trng tng hp ti M do cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra l:

E = E1 + E2
Trong : cos =
EM
a B
A
q1>0
q2>0
x
x
a2 +x2
k|q|x
3
(a2 +x2 )2
Bi 12: Hai in tch q1 = - q2 = q > 0 t ti hai im A v B trong khng kh cch nhau mt

khong AB = a. Xc nh vc t cng in trng ti im M nm trn ng trung trc
ca AB v cch trung im H ca on AB mt khong x.
Gii
Cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra ti M cc vc t cng in trng E1 v
E2 c phng chiu nh hnh v, c ln:
E1 = E2 =
k|q|
(a2 +x2 )
Cng in trng tng hp ti M do cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra l:

=E
1+E
2
E
T hnh v ta c: E = E1cos + E2 cos = 2E1 cos
Trong : cos =
Vy E = 2E1
AH
MB
a
a2 +x2
a
a2 +x2
k|q|a
3
(a2 +x2 )2
21
DNG 3: CNG - IN TH - T IN.

I. PHNG PHP
1. Bi ton v cng lc in:
p dng cng thc: AMN = F.SMNcos
Trong c:
- F = |q|E : l lc in do in trng E tc dng ln in tch q
lm n dch chuyn mt on l SMN.
+ Nu q > 0: F v E cng chiu
+ Nu q > 0: F v E ngc chiu

- SMN l on ng m in tch q dch chuyn t MM.
- l gc hp bi F vi SMN .
SMN
N
* Lu cng ca lc in thc hin theo mt ng cong kn l bng 0.

2. Bi ton v in th hiu in th:
- in th: VM =
AM
q
- Hiu in th:
+Khi bit cng c: UMN =
AMN
q
+ Khi bit in trng: U = E.dMN trong dMN = Mncos vi gc hp bi MN vi E

3. in tch chuyn ng trong in trng u:
p dng nh l ng nng: " Cng ca lc in bng bin thin ng nng"
A = F.SMNcos = W2 - W1
Trong :
1
+ W = mv2: l ng nng ca in tch.

2
+ F = |q|E: lc in trng tc dng ln in tch chuyn ng trong in trng.

4. Bi tp v t in:
a) in tch ca t in:
Q = CU (C)
b) in p ca t in:
U=
Q
C
(V)
c) in dung ca t:
- Cng thc tng qut: C =
- i vi t phng: C =
Q
U
S
4kd
d) Ghp t
* Ghp song song:
U = U1 = U2 = = Un;
Q = q1 + q2 + + qn;
C = C1 + C2 + + Cn.
* Ghp ni tip:
Q = q1 = q2 = = qn
U = U1 + U2 + + Un
1
1
1
+ +
1
2
22
II. BI TP
Bi 1: A, B, C l ba im to thnh tam gic vung ti A t trong in
nh hnh v. Cho = 600; BC = 10 cm v UBC =
// AB
trng u c E
400 V.
a) Tnh UAC, UBA v E.
b) Tnh cng thc hin dch chuyn in tch q = 10-9 C t A n B, t
B n C v t A n C.
c) t thm C mt in tch im q = 9.10-10 C. Tm cng in trng tng hp ti A.
Gii
a) Ta c:
+ Cng lm dch chuyn in tch q t A C: AAC = qESACcos900 = q.UAC UAC = 0
+ in p gia hai im A v B:
UBA = VB - VA = VB -VC + VC - VA = UBC + UCA = UBC = 400V.
+ Cng in trng: E =
UBC
dBC
UBC
BCcos
= 8.103 V/m.
b)
Cng lc in dch chuyn q t A B l: AAB = qUAB = -qUBA = - 4.10-7 J.
Cng lc in dch chuyn q t B C l: ABC = qUBC = 4.10-7 J.
Cng lc in dch chuyn q t A C l: AAC = qUAC = 0.
c) in tch q t ti C s gy ra ti A vc t cng in
trng EC c phng chiu nh hnh v; c ln:
EC = 9.109
|q|
AC2
= 9.109
|q|
(BCsin)2
= 5,4.103 V/m.
Cng in trng tng hp ti A l:

EA = E + EC
c phng chiu nh hnh v, c ln:
EA = EC2 + E 2 = 9,65.103 V/m.
Bi 2: Mt electron di chuyn mt on 0,6 cm, t im M n im N dc theo mt ng
sc in th lc in sinh cng 9,6.10-18 J.
a) Tnh cng m lc in sinh ra khi electron di chuyn tip 0,4 cm t im N n im P
theo phng v chiu ni trn.
b) Tnh vn tc ca electron khi n im P. Bit ti M, electron khng c vn tc ban u.
Khi lng ca electron l 9,1.10-31 kg.
Gii
a) Cng dch chuyn t M N l: AMN = |q|.E.MN E =
AMN
= 104 V/m;
q.MN
Cng dch chuyn t N P l: ANP = |q|.E.NP = 6,4.10-18 J.

23
b) Ta c: W = WP WM = mvP2 = AMP = AMN + ANP

2
vp =
2(AMN +ANP )
m
= 5,93.106 m/s.
Bi 3: Mt prtn bay trong in trng. Lc prtn im A th vn tc ca n bng 2,5.104

m/s. Khi bay n B vn tc ca prtn bng khng. in th ti A bng 500 V. Tnh in th
ti B. Bit prtn c khi lng 1,67.10-27 kg v c in tch 1,6.10-19 C.
Gii
Theo nh l ng nng c: WB - WA = AAB = qUAB UAB = VA - VB =
WB WA
q
Ta li c: WA = mvA2 v WB = 0
2
VB = -
WA
q
+VA 497 (V)
Bi 4: Mt ht bi nh c khi lng m = 0,1 mg, nm l lng trong in trng gia hai

bn kim loi phng. Cc ng sc in c phng thng ng v chiu hng t di ln
trn. Hiu in th gia hai bn l 120 V. Khong cch gia hai bn l 1 cm. Xc nh in
tch ca ht bi. Ly g = 10 m/s2.
Gii
Ht bi nm cn bng nn lc in trng cn bng vi trng lc Lc in trng phi
c phng thng ng v hng ln, do ht bi phi mang in tch dng v lc in
cng phng, cng chiu vi E
F
U
mgd
iu kin cn bng: F = P qE = mg q = mg q =
= 8,3.10-11 C.
Bi 5: Mt t in phng khng kh c in dung 20 pF. Tch in cho t in n hiu in

th 250 V.
a) Tnh in tch v nng lng in trng ca t in.
b) Sau tho b ngun in ri tng khong cch gia hai bn t in ln gp i. Tnh
hiu in th gia hai bn khi .
Gii
-9
a) in tch ca t: q = CU = 5.10 C
1
Nng lng ca t: W = CU2 = 625.10-9 J.

2
b) in dung ca t phng: C =
S
4dk
Khi tang khong cch ln gp i: C' =
S
4d k
= = 10 pF
2
in tch ca t l q = q
Hiu in th gia hai bn t l: U =
q
C
= 500 V.
Bi 6: Cho b t c mc nh hnh v. Trong : C1 = C2 = C3 = 6

F; C4 = 2 F; C5 = 4 F; q4 = 12.10-6 C.
a) Tnh in dung tng ng ca b t.
b) Tnh in tch, hiu in th trn tng t v hiu in th gia hai
u on mch.
Gii
24
Phn tch on mch: [(C1 nt C2 nt C3) // C4] nt C5.

a) Ta c:
+ [C1 nt C2 nt C3] nn:
1
C123
1
C1
1
C2
C3
C123 = 2 F
+ [C123 // C4] nn: C1234 = C123 + C4 = 4 F

+ [C1234 nt C4] nn C =
C1234 C5
C1234 +C5
= 2 F.
b) in p hai u C4 l: U4 = U123 = U1234 =
q4
C4
= 6 V;
+ in tch C1234 v C5 l: Q = q1234 = q5 = C1234U1234 = 24.10-6 C;

q
Nn c in p hai u C5 l: U5 = 5 = 6 V
C5
+ in tch C1, C2 v C3 l: q123 = q1 = q2 = q3 = C123.U123 = 12.10-6 C;

q
+ in p hai u C1 l: U1 = 1 = 2 V = U2 = U3 v C1 = C2 = C3
C1
+ in p hai u A,B l: UAB = = 12 V.

C
Bi 7: Cho b t c mc nh hnh v. Trong C1 = C2 = 2 F;

C3 = 3 F; C4 = 6F; C5 = C6 = 5 F. U3 = 2 V. Tnh:
a) in dung ca b t.
b) Hiu in th v in tch trn tng t.
Gii
Phn tch on mch: ([(C2 nt C3 nt C4) // C5] nt C1) // C6.
a) Ta c:
+ C2 nt C3 nt C4) nn
1
C234
1
C4
1
C2
1
C3
C234 = 1 F
+ (C234// C5) nn: C2345 = C234 + C5 = 6 F

+ (C2345 nt C1) nn: C12345 =
C2345 C1
C2345 +C1
= 1,5 F
+ (C12345// C6) nn: C = C12345 + C6 = 6,5 F;

b) q3 = q2 = q4 = q234 = C3U3 = 6.10-6 C;
q
in p hai u C5: U234 = U5 = U2345 = 234 = 6 V;
C234
in tch ca C5 l: q5 = C5U5 = 30.10-6 C;

in tch ca C1 l: q1 = q2345 = q12345 = C2345U2345 = 36.10-6 C
q
in p hai u C1: U1 = 1 = 18 V;
C1
in p hai u C6: U6 = U12345 = UAB =
q12345
C12345
= 24 V
in tch ca C6 l: q6 = C6U6 = 120. 10-6 C.
25
C. TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN

Cu 1. C xt thanh bnit vo ming d, thanh bnit tch in m v
A. Electron chuyn t thanh bnit sang d.
B. Electron chuyn t d sang thanh bnit.
C. Prtn chuyn t d sang thanh bnit.
D. Prtn chuyn t thanh bnit sang d.
Cu 2. Hai ht bi trong khng kh, mi ht cha 5.108 electron cch nhau 2 cm. Lc y
tnh in gia hai ht bng
A. 1,44.10-5 N.
B. 1,44.10-6 N.
C. 1,44.10-7 N.
D. 1,44.10-9 N.
Cu 3. Nu tng khong cch gia hai in tch im ln 3 ln th lc tng tc tnh in
gia chng s
A. Tng 3 ln.
B. Tng 9 ln.
C. Gim 9 ln.
D. Gim 3 ln.
Cu 4. Mt thanh bnit khi c xt vi tm d (c hai c lp vi cc vt khc) th thu c
in tch -3.10-8 C. Tm d s c in tch
A. -3.10-8 C.
B. -1,5.10-8 C.
C. 3.10-8 C.
D. 0.
-6
Cu 5. Lc ht tnh in gia hai in tch l 2.10 N. Khi a chng xa nhau thm 2 cm th
lc ht l 5.10-7 N. Khong cch ban u gia chng l
A. 1 cm.
B. 2 cm.
C. 3 cm.
D. 4 cm.
Cu 6. Cch biu din lc tng tc gia hai in tch ng yn no sau y l sai?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cu 7. Hai in tch im ng yn trong khng kh cch nhau mt khong r tc dng ln
nhau lc c ln bng F. Khi a chng vo trong du ho c hng s in mi = 2 v
r
gim khong cch gia chng cn th ln ca lc tng tc gia chng l
3
A. 18F.
B. 1,5F.
C. 6F.
D. 4,5F.
Cu 8. Hai in tch q1 = q, q2 = -3q t cch nhau mt khong r. Nu in tch q1 tc dng
ln in tch q2 c ln l F th lc tc dng ca in tch q2 ln q1 c ln l
A. F.
B. 3F.
C. 1,5F.
D. 6F.
Cu 9. Lc tng tc tnh in gia hai in tch im ng yn t cch nhau mt khong
4 cm l F. Nu chng cch nhau 1 cm th lc tng tc gia chng l
A. 4F.
B. 0,25F.
C. 16F.
D. 0,5F.
Cu 10. Hai qu cu nh c kch thc ging nhau tch cc in tch l q1 = 8.10-6 C v q2 =
-2.10-6 C. Cho hai qu cu tip xc vi nhau ri t chng cch nhau trong khng kh cch
nhau 10 cm th lc tng tc gia chng c ln l
A. 4,5 N.
B. 8,1 N.
C. 0.0045 N.
D. 81.10-5 N.
Cu 11. Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Electron l ht s cp mang in tch 1,6.10-19 C.
B. ln ca in tch nguyn t l 1,6.1019 C.
C. in tch ht nhn bng mt s nguyn ln in tch nguyn t.
D. Tt c cc ht s cp u mang in tch.
Cu 12. a mt thanh kim loi trung ho v in t trn mt gi cch in li gn mt qu
cu tch in dng. Sau khi a thanh kim loi ra tht xa qu cu th thanh kim loi
A. c hai na tch in tri du.
B. tch in dng.
26
C. tch in m.
D. trung ho v in.
Cu 13. Th nng ca mt electron ti im M trong in trng ca mt in tch im l 3,2.10-19 J. in th ti im M l
A. 3,2 V.
B. -3,2 V.
C. 2 V.
D. -2 V.
Cu 14. Hai in tch dng q1 = q v q2 = 4q t ti hai im A, B trong khng kh cch
nhau 12 cm. Gi M l im ti , lc tng hp tc dng ln in tch q0 bng 0. im M
cch q1 mt khong
A. 8 cm.
B. 6 cm.
C. 4 cm.
D. 3 cm.
Cu 15. Cng in trng do in tch +Q gy ra ti im A cch n mt khong r c
ln l E. Nu thay bng in tch -2Q v gim khong cch n A cn mt na th cng
in trng ti A c ln l
A. 8E.
B. 4E.
C. 0,25E.
D. E.
Cu 16. Ti im A trong mt in trng, vc t cng in trng c hng thng
ng t trn xung, c ln bng 5 V/m c t in tch q = - 4.10-6 C. Lc tc dng ln
in tch q c
A. ln bng 2.10-5 N, hng thng ng t trn xung.
B. ln bng 2.10-5 N, hng thng ng t di ln.
C. ln bng 2 N, hng thng ng t trn xung.
D. ln bng 4.10-6 N, hng thng ng t di ln.
Cu 17. Mt in tch im Q = - 2.10-7 C, t ti im A trong mi trng c hng s in
mi = 2. Vc t cng in trng E do in tch Q gy ra ti im B vi AB = 6 cm c
A. phng AB, chiu t A n B, ln 2,5.105 V/m.
B. phng AB, chiu t B n A, ln 1,5.104 V/m.
C. phng AB, chiu t B n A, ln 2,5.105 V/m.
D. phng AB, chiu t A n B, ln 2,5.104 V/m.
Cu 18. Cng in trng to bi mt in tch im cch n 2 cm bng 105 V/m. Ti
v tr cch in tch ny bng bao nhiu th cng in trng bng 4.105 V/m?
A. 2 cm.
B. 1 cm.
C. 4 cm.
D. 5 cm.
Cu 19. Hai in tch q1 < 0 v q2 > 0 vi |q2| > |q1| t ti
hai im A v B nh hnh v (I l trung im ca AB).
im M c in trng tng hp do hai in tch ny
gy ra bng 0 nm trn
A. AI.
B. IB.
C. By.
D. Ax.
Cu 20. t 4 in tch c cng ln q ti 4 nh ca mt hnh vung ABCD cnh a vi
in tch dng ti A v C, in tch m ti B v D. Cng in trng ti giao im ca
hai ng cho ca hnh vung c ln
A. E =
4kq2
a2
B. E =
4kq
a2
C. E =
kq2
a2
D. E = 0.
Cu 21. t hai in tch ti hai im A v B. cng in trng do hai in tch gy

ra ti trung im I ca AB bng 0 th hai in tch ny
A. cng dng.
B. cng m.
27
C. cng ln v cng du.

D. cng ln v tri du.
Cu 22. Ti 3 nh ca hnh vung cnh a t 3 in tch dng cng ln. Cng in
trng do 3 in tch gy ra ti nh th t c ln
A. E =
kq
a2
(2 )
2
B. E =
kq
a2
(2 + ). C. E =
2
kq2
a2
D. E =
3kq
2a2
Cu 23. Pht biu no sau y cha ng?

A. Qua mi im trong in trng ch v c mt ng sc.
B. Cc ng sc ca in trng khng ct nhau.
C. ng sc ca in trng bao gi cng l ng thng.
D. ng sc ca in trng tnh khng khp kn.
Cu 24. Qu cu nh khi lng m = 25 g, mang in tch q = 2,5.10-9 C c treo bi mt
si dy khng dn, khi lng khng ng k v t vo trong mt in trng u vi cng
in trng E c phng nm ngang v c ln E = 106 V/m. Gc lch ca dy treo so
vi phng thng ng l
A. 300.
B. 450.
C. 600.
D. 750.
Cu 25. Cng ca lc in trng khi mt in tch di chuyn t im M n im N trong
in trng u l A = |q|Ed. Trong d l
A. chiu di MN.
B. chiu di ng i ca in tch.
C. ng knh ca qu cu tch in.
D. hnh chiu ca ng i ln phng ca mt ng sc.
Cu 26. Mt in tch im di chuyn dc theo ng sc ca mt in trng u c cng
in trng E = 1000 V/m, i c mt khong d = 5 cm. Lc in trng thc hin c
cng A = 15.10-5 J. ln ca in tch l
A. 5.10-6 C.
B. 15.10-6 C.
C. 3.10-6 C.
D. 10-5 C.
Cu 27. Mt in tch q = 4.10-6 C dch chuyn trong in trng u c cng in
trng E = 500 V/m trn qung ng thng s = 5 cm, to vi hng ca vc t cng
in trng gc = 600. Cng ca lc in trng thc hin trong qu trnh di chuyn ny
v hiu in th gia hai u qung ng ny l
A. A = 5.10-5 J v U = 12,5 V.
B. A = 5.10-5 J v U = 25 V.
C. A = 10-4 J v U = 25 V.
D. A = 10-4 J v U = 12,5 V.
Cu 28. Mt electron chuyn ng vi vn tc v1 = 3.107 m/s bay ra t mt im ca in
trng c in th V1 = 6000 V v chy dc theo ng sc ca in trng n mt im
ti vn tc ca electron gim xung bng khng. in th V2 ca in trng ti im
l
A. 3441 V.
B. 3260 V.
C. 3004 V.
D. 2820 V.
-6
-6
Cu 29. Hai in tch q1 = 2.10 C v q2 = - 8.10 C ln lt t ti hai im A v B vi AB
1.
= 10 cm. Xc nh im M trn ng AB m ti E2 = 4E
A. M nm trong AB vi AM = 2,5 cm.
C. M nm ngoi AB vi AM = 2,5 cm.
B. M nm trong AB vi AM = 5 cm.
D. M nm ngoi AB vi AM = 5 cm.
28
Cu 30. Khi mt in tch q = -2 C di chuyn t im M n im N trong in trng th

lc in sinh cng -6 J, hiu in th UMN l
A. 12 V.
B. -12 V.
C. 3 V.
D. -3 V.
-9
Cu 31. Lc tng tc gia hai in tch q1 = q2 = -3.10 C khi t cch nhau 10 cm trong
khng kh l
A. 8,1.10-10 N.
B. 8,1.10-6 N.
C. 2,7.10-10 N.
D. 2,7.10-6 N.
Cu 32. Hai tm kim loi phng t song song, cch nhau 2 cm, nhim in tri du. Mt
in tch q = 5.10-9 C di chuyn t tm ny n tm kia th lc in trng thc hin c
cng A = 5.10-8 J. Cng in trng gia hai tm kim loi l
A. 300 V/m.
B. 500 V/m.
C. 200 V/m.
D. 400 V/m.
Cu 33. Hai in tch im bng nhau t trong chn khng cch nhau mt khong 4 cm th
y nhau mt lc l 9.10-5 N. lc y gia chng l 1,6.10-4 N th khong cch gia chng
l
A. 1 cm.
B. 2 cm.
C. 3 cm.
D. 4 cm.
5
Cu 34. Nu truyn cho qu cu trung ho v in 5.10 electron th qu cu mang mt in
tch l
A. 8.10-14 C.
B. -8.10-14 C.
C. -1,6.10-24 C.
D. 1,6.10-24 C.
Cu 35. Hai in tch y nhau mt lc F khi t cch nhau 8 cm. Khi a chng v cch
nhau 2 cm th lc tng tc gia chng by gi l
A. 0,5F.
B. 2F.
C. 4F.
D. 16F.
Cu 36. Cho mt hnh thoi tm O, cng in trng ti O trit tiu khi ti bn nh ca
hnh thoi t
A. cc in tch cng ln.
B. cc in tch cc nh k nhau khc du nhau.
C. cc in tch cc nh i din nhau cng du v cng ln.
D. cc in tch cng du.
Cu 37. Hai qu cu nh ging nhau, c in tch q1 v q2 khc nhau khong cch R y
nhau vi lc F0. Sau khi chng tip xc, t li khong cch R chng s
A. ht nhau vi F < F0.
B. ht nhau vi F > F0.
C. y nhau vi F < F0.
D. y nhau vi F > F0.
Cu 38. Chn cu sai. Cng ca lc in trng lm dch chuyn in tch
A. ph thuc vo hnh dng ng i.
B. ph thuc vo in trng.
C. ph thuc vo in tch dch chuyn.
D. ph thuc vo hiu in th hai u ng i.
Cu 39. Hai qu cu kim loi ging nhau c treo vo im O bng hai si dy cch in,
cng chiu di, khng co dn, c khi lng khng ng k. Gi P = mg l trng lng ca
mt qu cu, F l lc tng tc tnh in gia hai qu cu khi truyn in tch cho mt qu
cu. Khi hai dy treo hp vi nhau gc vi
A. tan =
F
P
B. sin =
F
P
C. tan =
D. sin =
29
Cu 40. Th cho mt electron khng c vn tc ban u trong mt in trng. Electron

s
A. chuyn ng dc theo mt ng sc ca in trng.
B. chuyn ng t ni c in th cao sang ni c in th thp.
C. chuyn ng t ni c in th thp sang ni c in th cao.
D. ng yn.
Cu 41. Th cho mt ion dng khng c vn tc ban u trong mt in trng. Ion dng
s
A. chuyn ng dc theo mt ng sc ca in trng.
B. chuyn ng t ni c in th cao sang ni c in th thp.
C. chuyn ng t ni c in th thp sang ni c in th cao.
D. ng yn.
Cu 42. Hai qu cu c cng kch thc v cng khi lng, tch cc in lng q1 = 4.1011
C, q2 = 10-11C t trong khng kh, cch nhau mt khong ln hn bn knh ca chng rt
nhiu. Nu lc hp dn gia chng c ln bng lc y tnh in th khi lng ca mi
qu cu bng
A. 0,23 kg.
B. 0,46 kg.
C. 2,3 kg.
D. 4,6 kg.
Cu 43. Hai vin bi st kch thc nh, mang cc in tch q1 v q2, t cch nhau mt khong
r. Sau cc vin bi c phng in sao cho in tch cc vin bi ch cn mt na in tch
lc u, ng thi a chng n cch nhau mt khong 0,25r th lc tng tc gia chng
tng ln
A. 2 ln.
B. 4 ln.
C. 6 ln.
D. 8 ln.
Cu 44. Mt qu cu tch in +6,4.10-7 C. Trn qu cu tha hay thiu bao nhiu electron
so vi s prtn qu cu trung ho v in?
A. Tha 4.1012 electron.
B. Thiu 4.1012 electron.
C. Tha 25.1012 electron.
D. Thiu 25.1013 electron.
Cu 45. Ti A c in tch im q1, ti B c in tch im q2. Ngi ta tm c im M ti
in trng bng khng. M nm trn on thng ni A, B v gn A hn B. C th ni
g v du v ln ca cc in tch q1, q2?
A. q1, q2 cng du; |q1| > |q2|.
B. q1, q2 khc du; |q1| > |q2|.
C. q1, q2 cng du; |q1| < |q2|.
D. q1, q2 khc du; |q1| < |q2|.
Cu 46. Ti A c in tch im q1, ti B c in tch im q2. Ngi ta tm c im M ti
in trng bng khng. M nm ngoi on thng ni A, B v gn B hn A. C th ni
g v du v ln ca q1, q2?
A. q1, q2 cng du; |q1| > |q2|.
B. q1, q2 khc du; |q1| > |q2|.
C. q1, q2 cng du; |q1| < |q2|.
D. q1, q2 khc du; |q1| < |q2|.
Cu 47. Mt h c lp gm 3 in tch im c khi lng khng ng k, nm cn bng vi
nhau. Tnh hung no di y c th xy ra?
A. Ba in tch cng du nm ba nh ca mt tam gic u.
B. Ba in tch cng du nm trn mt ng thng.
C. Ba in tch khng cng du nm 3 nh ca mt tam gic u.
30
D. Ba in tch khng cng du nm trn mt ng thng.

Cu 48. Mt electron chuyn ng vi vn tc ban u 106 m/s dc theo ng sc ca mt
in trng u c mt qung ng 1 cm th dng li. Cng in trng ca in
trng u c ln
A. 284 V/m.
B. 482 V/m.
C. 428 V/m.
D. 824 V/m.
Cu 49. Cng ca lc in tc dng ln in tch im q khi q di chuyn t im M n im
N trong in trng, khng ph thuc vo
A. v tr ca cc im M, N.
B. hnh dng dng i t M n N.
C. ln ca in tch q.
D. cng in trng ti M v N.
Cu 50. Khi mt in tch di chuyn trong mt in trng t mt im A n mt im B
th lc in sinh cng 2,5 J. Nu th nng ca q ti A l 5 J th th nng ca q ti B l
A. - 2,5 J.
B. 2,5 J.
C. -7,5 J.
D. 7,5J.
Cu 51. Mt electron bay t im M n im N trong mt in trng, gia hai im c
hiu in th UMN = 100 V. Cng m lc in trng sinh ra s l
A. 1,6.10-19 J.
B. -1,6.10-19 J.
C. 1,6.10-17 J.
D. -1,6.10-17 J.
Cu 52. Mt electron chuyn ng dc theo ng sc ca mt in trng u c cng
in trng E = 100 V/m vi vn tc ban u 300 km/s theo hng ca vc t E. Hi
electron chuyn ng c qung ng di bao nhiu th vn tc ca n gim n bng
khng?
A. 1,13 mm.
B. 2,26 mm.
C. 5,12 mm.
D. khng gim.
Cu 53. Khi mt in tch q = -2.10-6 C di chuyn t im M n im N trong in trng
th lc in sinh cng -18.10-6 J. Hiu in th gia M v N l
A. 36 V.
B. -36 V.
C. 9 V.
D. -9 V.
Cu 54. Mt electron c th khng vn tc ban u st bn m trong in trng u
gia hai bn kim loi phng tch in tri du. Cng in trng gia hai bn l 100
V/m. Khong cch gia hai bn l 1 cm. Tnh ng nng ca electron khi n n p vo bn
dng.
A. 1,6.10-17 J.
B. 1,6.10-18 J.
C. 1,6.10-19 J.
D. 1,6.10-20 J.
Cu 55. Mt in tch chuyn ng trong in trng theo mt ng cong kn. Gi cng
ca lc in trong chuyn ng l A th
A. A > 0 nu q > 0.
B. A > 0 nu q < 0. C. A > 0 nu q < 0. D. A = 0.
Cu 56. Mt t in phng tch in n hiu in th U1 = 300 V. Sau khi ngt khi ngun
in ngi ta gim khong cch gia 2 bn t xung cn mt na. Lc ny hiu in th gia
hai bn bng
A. 300 V.
B. 600 V.
C. 150 V.
D. 0 V.
Cu 57. Sau khi ngt t in phng ra khi ngun in, ta tnh tin hai bn khong cch
gia chng tng ln hai ln. Khi nng lng in trng trong t s
A. khng i.
B. Gim 2 ln.
C. tng 2 ln.
D. tng 4 ln.
Cu 58. Mt t in phng khng kh c tch in nu a vo gia hai bn mt tm
thu tinh c hng s in mi = 3 th
A. Hiu in th gia hai bn khng i.
B. in tch ca t tng gp 3 ln.
31
C. in tch t in khng i.
D. in tch ca t gim 3 ln.
Cu 59. Mt t in phng khng kh c in dung C = 2.10-3 F c tch in n hiu
in th U = 500 V. Ngt t ra khi ngun ri nhng vo mt cht lng th hiu in th ca
t bng U = 250 V. Hng s in mi ca cht lng v in dung ca t lc ny l
A. = 2 v C = 8.10-3 F.
B. = 8 v C = 10-3 F.
C. = 4 v C = 2.10-3 F.
D. = 2 v C = 4.10-3 F.
Cu 60. Bn t in nh nhau, mi t c in dung C c ghp ni tip vi nhau. in
dung ca b t in bng
A. 4C.
B. 2C.
C. 0,5C.
D. 0,25C.
Cu 61. Bn t in nh nhau, mi t c in dung C c ghp song song vi nhau. in
dung ca b t in bng
A. 4C.
B. 2C.
C. 0,5C.
D. 0,25C.
Cu 62. Chn cu sai
A. Khi ni hai bn t vo hai cc ca mt ngun in khng i th hai bn t u mt in
tch.
B. Nu t in c tch in th in tch trn hai bn t lun tri du v bng nhau v
ln.
C. Hai bn t phi c t cch in vi nhau.
D. Cc bn ca t in phng phi l nhng tm vt dn phng t song song v cch in
vi nhau vi nhau.
Cu 63. Ba t in C1 = 1 F, C2 = 3 F, C3 = 6 F. Cch ghp no sau y cho in dung
ca b t l 2,1 F?
A. Ba t ghp ni tip nhau.
B. (C1 song song C3) ni tip C2.
C. (C2 song song C3) ni tip C1.
D. Ba t ghp song song nhau.
Cu 64. Mt b t gm 3 t ging nhau ghp song song vi nhau v ni vo ngun in
khng i c hiu in th 20 V. in dung ca b t bng 1,5 F. in tch trn mi bn t
c ln l
A. 10-5 C.
B. 9.10-5 C.
C. 3.10-5 C.
D. 0,5.10-7 C.
Cu 65. Mt t in c in dung 0,2 F c np in n hiu in th 100V. in tch
v nng lng ca t in l
A. q = 2.10-5 C ; W = 10-3 J.
B. q = 2.105 C ; W = 103 J.
C. q = 2.10-5 C ; W = 2.10-4 J.
D. q = 2.106 C ; W = 2.104 J.
Cu 66. Mt t in phng mc vo hai cc ca mt ngun in c hiu in th 50 V. Ngt
t in ra khi ngun ri ko cho khong cch gia hai bn t tng ln gp 2 ln. Hiu in
th ca t in khi l
A. 50V.
B. 100V.
C. 200V.
D. 400V
Cu 67. Mt t in c in dung 24 nF c tch in n hiu in th 450 V th c bao
nhiu electron di chuyn n bn tch in m ca t?
A. 6,75.1012.
B. 13,3.1012.
C. 6,75.1013.
D. 13,3.1013.
Cu 68. Trn v mt t in c ghi 20 F - 200 V. Ni hai bn t in vi mt hiu in th
120 V. in tch ca t in l
32
A. 12.10-4 C.
B. 24.10-4 C.
C. 2.10-3 C.
D. 4.10-3 C.
Cu 69. Hai t in cha cng mt in tch th
A. chng phi c cng in dung.
B. chng phi c cng hiu in th.
C. t in c in dung ln hn s c hiu in th ln hn.
D. t in c in dung nh hn s c hiu in th ln hn.
Cu 70. T in phng, khng kh c in dung 5 nF. Cng in trng ln nht m t
c th chu c l 3.105 V/m, khong cch gia hai bn t l 2 mm. in tch ln nht c
th tch c cho t l
A. 2.10-6 C.
B. 2,5.10-6 C.
C. 3.10-6 C.
D. 4.10-6 C.
Cu 71. Mt in tch q = 3,2.10-19 C chy t im M c in th VM = 10 V n im N c
in th VN = 5 V. Khong cch t M n N l 2 cm. Cng ca lc in trng l
A. 6,4.10-21 J.
B. 32.10-19 J.
C. 16.10-19 J.
D. 32.10-21 J
Cu 72. Mt t in phng c in dung 200 pF c tch in di hiu in th 40 V.
Khong cch gia hai bn l 0,2 mm. in tch ca t in v cng in trng bn
trong t in l
A. q = 5.10-11 C v E = 106 V/m.
B. q = 8.10-9 C v E = 2.105 V/m.
C. q = 5.10-11 C v E = 2.105 V/m.
D. q = 8.10-11 C v E = 106 V/m.
P N
1B. 2C. 3C. 4C. 5B. 6B. 7D. 8A. 9C. 10B. 11C. 12D. 13C. 14C. 15A. 16B. 17C. 18B. 19D.
20D. 21C. 22B. 23C. 24B. 25D. 26C. 27A. 28A. 29B. 30C. 31B. 32B. 33C. 34B. 35D. 36C.
37C. 38A. 39C. 40C. 41B. 42A. 43B. 44B. 45C. 46B. 47D. 48A. 49B. 50B. 51D. 52C. 53C.
54C. 55D. 56C. 57C. 58C. 59D. 60D. 61A. 62A. 63B. 64A. 65A. 66B. 67C. 68B. 69D. 70C.
71C. 72B.
33
Chng 2: DNG IN KHNG I

A. TM TT L THUYT
1. Dng in
+ Dng in l dng cc in tch dch chuyn c hng.
+ Chiu qui c ca dng in l chiu dch chuyn ca cc in tch dng tc l ngc
chiu dch chuyn ca cc electron.
+ Cc tc dng ca dng in: dng in c tc dng nhit, tc dng ho hc, tc dng t,
tc dng c v tc dng sinh l, trong tc dng t l tc dng c trng ca dng in.
+ Cng dng in c trng cho tc dng mnh yu ca dng in v c xc nh
bng thng s gia in lng q dch chuyn qua tit din thng ca vt dn trong khong
thi gian t v khong thi gian : I =
q
t
Dng in c chiu v cng khng thay i theo thi gian gi l dng in khng i.
q
Vi dng in khng i ta c: I =
t
+ iu kin c dng in trong mt mi trng no l trong mi trng phi c cc

in tch t do v phi c mt in trng y cc in tch t do chuyn ng c hng.
Trong vt dn in c cc in tch t do nn iu kin c dng in l phi c mt hiu
in th t vo hai u vt dn in.
2. Ngun in
+ Ngun in l thit b to ra v duy tr hiu in th nhm duy tr dng in trong mch.
+ Ngun in c hai cc: cc dng (+) v cc m (-).
+ Cc lc l (khc bn cht vi lc in) bn trong ngun in c tc dng lm cho hai cc
ca ngun in c tch in khc nhau v do duy tr hiu in th gia hai cc ca n.
+ Sut in ng ca ngun in c trng cho kh nng thc hin cng ca ngun in v
c o bng cng ca lc l khi lm dch chuyn mt n v in tch dng ngc chiu
in trng bn trong ngun in: E =
A
q
o sut in ng ca ngun ta dng vn k mc vo hai cc ca ngun in khi mch

ngoi h.
+ in tr r ca ngun in c gi l in tr trong ca n.
3. in nng. Cng sut in
+ Lng in nng m mt on mch tiu th khi c dng in chy qua chuyn ha
thnh cc dng nng lng khc c o bng cng ca lc in thc hin khi dch chuyn
c hng cc in tch.
+ Cng sut in ca mt on mch l cng sut tiu th in nng ca on mch v c
tr s bng in nng m on mch tiu th trong mt n v thi gian, hoc bng tch ca
hiu in th gia hai u on mch v cng dng in chy qua on mch .
A
P = = UI.
t
+ Nhit lng ta ra trn mt vt dn khi c dng in chy qua t l thun vi in tr ca

vt dn, vi bnh phng cng dng in v vi thi gian dng in chy qua vt dn
:
34
Q = RI2t.
+ Cng sut ta nhit P vt dn khi c dng in chy qua c trng cho tc ta nhit
ca vt dn v c xc nh bng nhit lng ta ra vt dn trong mt n v thi gian:
P=
Q
t
= RI2.
+ Cng ca ngun in bng in nng tiu th trong ton mch.

Ang = E.It.
+ Cng sut ca ngun in bng cng sut tiu th in nng ca ton mch: Png = E.I.
+ o cng sut in ngi ta dng ot-k. o cng ca dng in, tc l in nng tiu
th, ngi ta dng my m in nng hay cng t in.
in nng tiu th thng c tnh ra kiloat gi (kWh).
1kW.h = 3 600 000J
4. nh lut m i vi ton mch
+ Cng dng in chy trong mch kn t l thun vi sut in ng ca ngun in v
E
t l nghch vi in tr ton phn ca mch : I =
.
RN r
+ Tch ca cng dng in chy qua mt on mch v in tr ca n c gi l
gim th trn on mch . Sut in ng ca ngun in c gi tr bng tng cc gim
in th mch ngoi v mch trong: E = IRN + Ir.
+ Hin tng on mch xy ra khi ni hai cc ca mt ngun in ch bng dy dn c in
tr rt nh. Khi on mch, dng in qua mch c cng ln v c hi.
+ nh lut m i vi ton mch hon ton ph hp vi nh lut bo ton v chuyn ha
nng lng.
U
R
+ Hiu sut ca ngun in: H = N =
.
Rr
E
35
B. CC DNG BI TP
DNG 1: TNH IN LNG, CNG DNG IN V SUT IN NG
I. PHNG PHP:
q
- p dng cng thc lin h gia I, q v t: I = tnh cc nh lng I, q
t
- Tnh s electron dch chuyn mt n v thi gian: ne =

- Tnh sut in ng theo cng thc: E =
q
qe
I.t
qe
A
q
II. BI TP P DNG
Bi 1: Cng dng in khng i chy qua dy tc ca mt bng n l 0,64 A.
a) Tnh in lng dch chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy tc trong thi gian mt pht.
b) Tnh s electron dch chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy tc trong khong thi gian ni
trn.
Gii
a) in lng chuyn qua tit din thng trong thi gian t = 60s l
q = It = 38,4 C.
b) S electron chuyn qua tit din thng trong khong thi gian t = 60s l:
ne =
I.t
qe
= 24.1019 electron.
Bi 2: Mt b acquy c sut in ng 6 V, sn ra mt cng l 360 J khi acquy ny pht in.

a) Tnh lng in tch dch chuyn trong acquy.
b) Thi gian dch chuyn lng in tch ny l 5 pht. Tnh cng dng in chy qua
acquy khi .
Gii
A
a) in lng dch chuyn trong acquy l: q =
= 60 C
E
q
b) Cng dng in chy qua acquy l: I = = 0,2 A.
t
Bi 3: Mt b acquy c th cung cp dng in 4A lin tc trong 2 gi th phi np li.

a) Tnh cng dng in m acquy ny c th cung cp lin tc trong 40 gi th phi np
li.
b) Tnh sut in ng ca acquy ny nu trong thi gian hot ng trn y n sn sinh ra
mt cng l 172,8 kJ.
Gii
a) Lng in tch cn cung cp trong 4h l: q = I.t = 28800 C
q
Cng dng in m bnh acquy cung cp lin tc 40h l: I = = 0,2 A.
t
b) Sut in ng: E = = 6 V.
q
36
DNG 2: BI TP V GHP IN TR V NH LUT OHM CHO ON MCH

CH CHA IN TR
I. PHNG PHP:
* Bc 1: phn tch mch in.
+ in tr mc song song khi chng c chung hai im.
+ in tr mc ni tip khi chng ch c chung 1 im.
* Bc 2: Tnh in tr tng ng.
- Mch ni tip: Rtd = R1 + + Rn
- Mch song song:
1
Rtd
1
R1
+ +
+ Nu ch c 2 in tr th c R12 =
+ Nu c 3 in tr th: R123 =
1
Rn
R1 R2
R1 +R2
R1 R2 R3
R1 R2 +R2 R3 + R1 R3
* Bc 3: Nu bi ton yu cu tm I, U ta cn ch:
- Mch song song th hiu in th bng nhau.
- Mch ni tip th cng dng in bng nhau.
- Cng dng in ca mch: Imch =
Umach
Rtd
UR
- Cng dng in qua in tr R: IR =
- in p hai u in tr R l: UR = IR.R
- in p hai u M, N l: UMN = IMNRMN
II. BI TP P DNG
Bi 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong R1 = R2 = 4 ;
R3 = 6 ; R4 = 3 ; R5 = 10 ; UAB = 24 V. Tnh in tr
tng ng ca on mch AB v cng dng in qua
tng in tr.
Gii
Phn tch on mch: [R1 nt ((R2 nt R3) // R5) nt R4].
Ta c:
+(R2 nt R3) nn:
R23 = R2 + R3 = 10
+ ((R2 nt R3) // R5) nn:
R235 =
R23 R5
R5 +R23
=5
+ [R1 nt ((R2 nt R3) // R5) nt R4] nn:

RAB = R1 + R235 + R4 = 12
UAB
Cng dng in chy qua mch chnh l: I = I1 = I235 = I4 =
RAB
= 2 A;
Do ((R2 nt R3) // R5) nn: U235 = U23 = U5 = I235R235 = 10 V

Cng dng in qua R5: I5 =
U5
R5
=1A
37
Do (R2 nt R3) nn: I2 = I3 = I23 =
U23
R23
= 1 A.
Bi 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong R1 = 2,4 ; R3

= 4 ; R2 = 14 ; R4 = R5 = 6 ; I3 = 2 A. Tnh in tr
tng ng ca on mch AB v hiu in th gia hai
u cc in tr.
Gii
Phn tch on mch: R1 nt (R2 // R4) nt (R3 // R5).
Do (R2 // R4) nn: R24 =
Do (R3 // R5) nn: R35 =
R2 R4
R2 +R4
R3 R5
R3 +R5
= 4,2
= 2,4
Do R1 nt (R2 // R4) nt (R3 // R5) nn: R = R1 + R24 + R35 = 9

Do (R3 // R5) nn: U3 = U5 = U35 = I3R3 = 8 V
V (R1ntR24ntR35) nn: I = I24 = I1 = I35 =
U35
R35
10
3
A;
Mc khc do (R2 // R4) nn: U24 = U2 = U4 = I24R24 = 14 V

in p hai u R1: U1 = I1R1 = 8 V.
Bi 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong R1 = R3 = R5 = 3 ;
R2 = 8 ; R4 = 6 ; U5 = 6 V. Tnh in tr tng ng ca on
mch AB v cng dng in chy qua tng in tr.
Gii
Phn tch on mch: (R1 nt (R3 // R4) nt R5) // R2.
Do [R3 // R4] nn: R34 =
R3 R4
R3 +R4
=2
Do [R1 nt R34 nt R5] nn: R1345 = R1 + R34 + R5 = 8

Do [R1345//R2] nn: R =
R1345 R2
R1345 + R2
=4
ng thi ta cn c: I1345 =I34 = I1 = I5 =
U5
R5
= 2 A ( tnh cht mch ni tip)
V [R3 // R4] U34 = U3 = U4 = I34R34 = 4 V

Cng dng in qua R3 v R4 ln lt l:
+ I3 =
+ I4 =
U3
R3
U4
R4
= A
3
2
= A
3
V [R1345//R2] U1345 = U2 = UAB = I1345R1345 = 16 V;

Cng dng in qua R3 l: I2 =
U2
R2
= 2 A.
Bi 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong R1 = 8 ; R3 = 10

; R2 = R4 = R5 = 20 ; I3 = 2 A. Tnh in tr tng ng ca
on mch AB, hiu in th v cng dng in trn tng
in tr.
Gii
Phn tch on mch: [R4 nt (R2 // (R3 nt R5))] // R1.
38
Ta c:
+ [R3 nt R5] nn: R35 = R3 + R5 = 30
+ [R2 // R35] nn: R235 =
R35 R2
R35 +R2
= 12 ;
+ [R4 nt R235] nn: R4235 = R4 + R235 = 32

+ [R1 // R2345] nn: R =
R4235 R1
R4235 +R1
= 6,4
Do [R3 nt R5] I3 = I5 = I35 = 2 A;

V [R2 // R35] nn: U35 = U2 = U235 = I35R35 = 60 V
Cng dng in chy qua R2 l: I2 =
Do [R4 nt R235] nn: I235 = I4 = I4235 =
U2
R2
U235
R235
=3A
=5A
V [R1 // R2345] nn: U4235 = U1 = UAB = I4235R4235 = 160 V

Cng dng in chy qua R1 l: I1 =
U1
R1
= 20 A.
Bi 5: Cho mch in nh hnh v.

+ Nu t vo AB hiu in th 100 V th ngi ta c th ly ra
hai u CD mt hiu in th UCD = 40 V v ampe k ch 1A.
+ Nu t vo CD hiu in th 60 V th ngi ta c th ly ra
hai u AB hiu in th UAB = 15 V. Coi in tr ca ampe k
khng ng k.
Tnh gi tr ca mi in tr.
Gii
* Xt trng hp t vo gia A v B hiu in th 100 V th on mch c (R3 nt R2)// R1
Nn c:
Cng dng in chy qua R2 v R3 l I3 = I2 = IA = 1 A
- in tr R2 c xc dnh theo cng thc R2 =
UCD
I2
= 40 ;
- Hiu in th gia A v C l: UAC = UAB UCD = 60 V

- in tr R3 c xc dnh theo cng thc R3 =
UAC
I3
= 60
* Xt trng hp t vo gia C v D hiu in th 60 V th on mch c (R3 nt R1)// R2.

Khi ta c: UAC = UDC - UBA = 45 V;
Do (R3 nt R1) nn: I3 = I1 =
UAC
R3
= 0,75 A
in tr R1 c xc dnh theo cng thc R1 =
UAB
I1
= 20 .
Bi 6: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit R3 = R4.

+ Nu ni hai u AB vo hiu in th 120 V th cng
dng in qua R2 l 2 A v UCD = 30 V.
+ Nu ni 2 u CD vo hiu in th 120 V th UAB = 20 V.
Tnh gi tr ca mi in tr.
Gii
39
* Xt trng hp t vo gia A v B hiu in th 120 V th on mch c ((R3 // R2) nt R4)

// R1.
Ta c: R2 =
UCD
I2
= 15
Hiu in th gia A v C l: UAC = UAB UCD = 90 V.

V R3 = R4 nn cng dng in chy qua R3 l: I4 =
UAC
R4
90
R3
= I2 + I3 = 2 +
30
R3
R3 = R4.= 30
* Xt trng hp t vo gia C v D hiu in th 120 V th on mch c (R1 nt R4) // R2)
// R3.
Khi UAC = UDC UBC = 100 V
V [R1 nt R4] nn: I4 = I1 =
UAC
R3
10
UAB
I1
A R1 =
= 6 .
40
DNG 3: BI TP V NH LUT OHM CHO MCH KN V GHP NGUN

I. PHNG PHP
gii dng bi tp mch kn ny ta cn ch cc vn sau:
- Nu mch ngoi c nhiu in tr ta cn tnh in tr mch ngoi. Vic tnh in tr mch
ngoi da vo vic phn tch mch ngoi tnh in tr mch ngoi RN nh cp trong
dng 1.
- Nu mch gm nhiu ngun in ta cn tnh sut in ng v in tr trong tng ng
ca cc b ngun nh sau:
Ni tip
Song song
Xung i
Hn hp
Eb = E1 + + En
Eb = E1 = = En = E
Eb = |E1 - E2|
Eb = mE
r
r
mr
rb = r1 + + rn
rb = r1 + r2
rb = 1 = = n
rb =
n
E, r
E n , rn
E, r
E, r
E, r
E, r
E 2 , r2
E 1 , r1
E 1 , r1
E, r
n: hng
m: ngun
- Nu tnh cng dng in qua mch chnh p dng cng thc:

I=
Eb
R N +rb
- Cng dng in qua in tr c th cn theo cc iu sau y tnh:

+ Da vo tnh cht mch song song hoc ni tip xc inh.
+ Da vo cng thc I =
UR
R
- Khi tnh hiu in th cn ch :

+ Tnh cht mch song song: hiu in th cc phn t bng nhau.
+ Hin in th hai u on mch MN bt k khng cha ngun:
UMN = IMN.RMN
+ Hiu in th mch ngoi: UN = I.RN = Eb - I.rb
- i vi mch c bng n khi bit (Pm - Um) cn ch :
+ in tr ca bng n: Rn =
U2m
Pm
+ n sng bnh thng khi cng dng in qua n bng vi dng in nh mc ca

n Im =
Pm
Um
hoc in p hai u bng n bng vi in p nh mc.
- Khi bi ton biu tnh hiu sut ca ngun ta dng: H =
UN
Eb
Eb -I.rb
Eb
R
R+r
- Khi bi ton yu cu tm cng sut ca mch, ngun ch cc cng thc sau:

+ Ngun: Pngun = E.I = UNI + I2.r
E2 R N
+ Mch ngoi: Pngoi = UNI = I2RN = E.I - I2.r = (R
N +r)
+ Trn in tr: PR = UR.IR = IR2 . R.

II. BI TP P DNG
41
Bi 1: Mt ngun in c mc vi mt bin tr. Khi in tr ca bin tr l 1,65 th

hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun l 3,3 V, cn khi in tr ca bin tr l 3,5 th hiu
in th gia hai cc ca ngun l 3,5 V. Tnh sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun.
Gii
Ta c mch in gm (E , r) v bin tr Rb.
+ Xt trng hp Rb = R1 = 1,65 c:
I1 =
U1
R1
=2=
E
R 1 +r
3,3 + 2r = E (1)
+ Xt trng hp Rb = R2 = 3,5 c:
I2 =
U2
R2
=1=
E
R 2 +r
3,5 + r = E (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra: r = 0,2 ; E = 3,7 V.

Bi 2: Mt ngun in c sut in ng 12 V v in tr trong 2 . Ni in tr R vo hai
cc ca ngun in thnh mch kn th cng sut tiu th trn in tr R bng 16 W. Tnh
gi tr ca in tr R v hiu sut ca ngun.
Gii
Ta c mch in gm (E , r) v bin tr R
Cng sut ca in tr c tnh bi:
P = I2 R = (
122 R
) . R 16 = R2+4R+4 R2 - 5R + 4 = 0 (1)
R+r
Gii phng trnh (1) thu c: R = 4 hoc R = 1 .

Hiu sut ca ngun cho bi: H =
R
R+r
+ ng vi R = 4 ta c: H1 = 67%
+ ng vi R = 1 ta c: H2 = 33%.
Bi 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong E = 48 V; r = 0; R1 =
2 ; R2 = 8 ; R3 = 6 ; R4 = 16 . in tr ca cc dy ni
khng ng k. Tnh hiu in th gia hai im M v N. Mun
o UMN phi mc cc dng ca vn k vi im no?
Gii
Phn tch mch ngoi: [R1 nt R3]//[R2 nt R4]
+ C [R1 nt R3] nn: R13 = R1 + R3 = 8
+ C [R2 nt R4] nn: R24 = R2 + R4 = 24
+ C [R13// R24] nn: RN =
R13 R24
R13 +R24
R=6
Cng dng in chy trong mch: I =
E
R N +r
= 6 A;
Hiu in th gia hai im A, B l: UAB = IR = 36 V

Mt khc: [R13// R24] UAB = U13 = U24 = 36V
Do [R1 nt R3] I1 = I3 = I13 =
Do [R2 nt R4] I2 = I4 = I24 =
U13
R13
U24
R24
= 4,5 A
= 1,5 A;
Hiu in th gia hai im M, N l:

42
UMN = VM VN = VM VA + VA VN = UAN UAM = I2R2 I1R1 = 3 V.

V UMN > 0 VM > VN do ta phi mc cc dng ca vn k vo im M.
Bi 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong E = 6 V; r = 0,1 ; R = 11 ; R = 0,9 . Tnh
hiu in th nh mc v cng sut nh mc ca bng n, bit n sng bnh thng.
Gii
Ta c R nt R RN = R + R = 11,9
Cng dng in chy trong mch: I =
E
R N +r
= 0,5 A
Do n sng bnh thng nn I = Im = I = 0,5 A

Hiu in th nh mc: U = IR = 5,5 V
Cng sut nh mc: P = I2R = 2,75 W.
Bi 5: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong E = 6 V; r = 0,5 ; R1 =
R2 = 2 ; R3 = R5 = 4 ; R4 = 6 . in tr ca ampe k v ca cc
dy ni khng ng k. Tm cng dng in qua cc in tr, s
ch ca ampe k v hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in.
Gii
in tr ca ampe k khng ng k nn mch ngoi gm: [R1 nt (R2 // R4) nt (R3 // R5)]
+ C (R2 // R4) nn: R24 =
+ C (R3// R5) nn: R35 =
R2 R4
R2 +R4
R3 R5
R3 +R5
= 1,5
=2
+ C [R24 nt R35 nt R1] nn: RN = R1 + R24 + R35 = 5,5

Cng dng in chy qua mch: I =
E
R N +r
= 1A
Do [R24 nt R35 nt R1] I = I1 = I24 = I35 = 1A

Hiu in th gia hai u in tr R2 v R4 l: U24 = U2 = U4 = I24R24 = 1,5 V
Cng dng in chy qua in tr R2 v R4 ln lt l:
+ I2 =
+ I4 =
U2
R2
U4
R4
= 0,75 A
= 0,25 A
Hiu in th gia hai u in tr R3 v R5 l: U35 = U3 = U5 = I35R35 = 2 V

Cng dng in chy qua in tr R3 v R5 ln lt l:
I3 =
U3
R3
U5
I5 =
R5
= 0,5 A;
= 0,5 A;
Cng dng in chy qua Ampe k: IA = I2 I3 = 0,25 A

Bi 6: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong E = 6 V; r = 0,5 ; R1 = 1
; R2 = R3 = 4 ; R4 = 6 . Tnh:
a) Cng dng in trong mch chnh.
b) Hiu in th gia hai u R4, R3.
c) Cng sut v hiu sut ca ngun in.
Gii
43
a) Chp N vi A ta thy mch ngoi c ((R2 // R3) nt R1) // R4.

Do :
R23 =
R2 R3
R2 +R3
=2
R123 = R1 + R23 = 3
RN =
R123 R4
R123 +R4
=2
Cng dng in chy trong mch chnh: I =
E
R N +r
= 2,4 A.
b) V R123 // R4 nn: U4 = U123 = UAB = I.RN = 4,8 A

ng thi do [R23 nt R1] nn: I123 = I1 = I23 =
U123
R123
= 1,6 A;
Hiu in th gia hai u R2 v R3: U23 = U2 = U3 = I23R23 = 3,2 V

c) Cng sut ca ngun: P = E.I = 14,4 W
Hiu sut ca ngun: H =
UAB
E
100% = 80%.
Bi 7: Cho mch in nh hnh v, trong ngun in c sut in ng

E = 6,6 V, in tr trong r = 0,12 ; bng n 1 loi 6 V - 3 W; bng n
2 loi 2,5 V - 1,25 W.
a) iu chnh R1 v R2 cho cc bng n 1 v 2 sng bnh thng.
Tnh cc gi tr ca R1 v R2.
b) Gi nguyn gi tr ca R1, iu chnh bin tr R2 n gi tr R2 = 1 . Khi sng ca
cc bng n thay i nh th no so vi trng hp a?
Gii
in tr cc bng n ln lt l:
+ n 1: R1 =
+ n 2: R2 =
U21
P1
U22
P2
= 12
=5
a) Cc n 1 v 2 sng bnh thng nn I1 =
U1
R1
= 0,5 A v I2 =
U2
R2
= 0,5 A
ng thi: U1 = U2R2 = U12R2 = 6 V

Ta c: UR2 = U1 - U2 = 3,5V
Suy ra in tr R2 =
UR2
I2
UR2
I2
=7
Cng dng in chy qua mch chnh v R1 l: I = I1 = I1 + I2 = 1A

Hiu in th mch ngoi: UN = E - i.r = 6,6 - 0,12 = 6,48 V.
Hiu in th gia hai u R1 l: UR1 = UN - U1 = 0,48V
in tr R1: R1 =
UR1
R1
= 0,48
b) Khi R2 = 1 th R2R2 = R2 + R2 = 6
Ta c (R1 // [R2 nt R2]) nn: R12R2 =
R2R2 .R1
R2R2 +R1
=4
in tr mch ngoi: R = R1 + R12R2 = 4,48

Cng dng in chy trong mch chnh: I =
E
RN +r
1,435 A
44
Do (R1 // [R2 nt R2]) nn: U12R2 = U1 = U2R2 = IR12R2 = 5,74 V < 6 V nn n 1 sng
yu hn so vi nh mc.
Mt khc [R2 nt R2] nn: I2R2 = I2 = IR2 =
U2R2
R2R2
= 0,96 A > Im = 0,5 A nn n 2 sng
mnh hn so vi nh mc dn n kh nng chy n.

Bi 8: Mt ngun in c sut in ng 6 V, in tr trong 2 , mc vi mch ngoi l mt
bin tr R to thnh mt mch kn.
a) Tnh R cng sut tiu th ca mch ngoi l 4 W.
b) Vi gi tr no ca R th cng sut tiu th ca mch ngoi t gi tr cc i. Tnh gi tr
cc i .
Gii
a) Ta c mch in gm (E , r) v bin tr R
Cng sut ca in tr c tnh bi:
P = I2 R = (
62 R
) . R 4 = R2 +4R+4 R2 - 5R + 4 = 0 (1)
R+r
Gii phng trnh (1) thu c: R = 4 hoc R = 1 .

b) Ta c: P = I2R =(
) .R =
R+r
E
R + 2r +
r2
R
(2)
V E v r khng i.
T (2) ta thy P = Pmax th y = R + 2r +
r2
R
Theo bt ng thc Csi c:y = R + 2r +
phi nh nht
r2
R
4r
ymin = 4r khi R = r = 2 .
Khi Pmax =
E2
4r
= 4,5 W
Bi 9: Hai ngun c sut in ng E1 = E2 = E, cc in tr trong r1 v r2 c gi tr khc nhau.

Bit cng sut in ln nht m mi ngun c th cung cp cho mch ngoi l P1 = 20 W v
P2 = 30 W. Tnh cng sut in ln nht m c hai ngun c th cung cp cho mch ngoi
khi chng mc ni tip v khi chng mc song song.
Gii
Cng sut cc i m mi ngun cung cp khi mc ring l:
+ P1max =
+ P2max =
E2
4r1
E2
4r2
1
P1max
1
P2max
=
=
4r1
E2
4r2
E2
* Khi hai ngun mc ni tip c: Eb == E, rb = r1 + r2

Cng sut cc i m b ngun cung cp:
Pntmax =
4E 2
4(r1 +r2 )
Pntmax
4P1max .P2max
Pntmax =
P1max + P2max
r1
E2
r2
E2
1
4.P1max
1
4.P2max
= 48 W
* Khi hai ngun mc song song c: Eb == E, rb =

r1 .r2
r1 +r2
45
Cng sut cc i m b ngun cung cp l: P//max =
E2
r .r
4 1 2
r1 +r2
E2
4r1
E2
4r2
= P1 + P2 = 50 W.
Bi 10: Mc in tr R = 2 vo b ngun gm hai pin c sut in ng v in tr trong

ging nhau. Nu hai pin ghp ni tip th cng dng in qua R l I1 = 0,75 A. Nu hai
pin ghp song song th cng dng in qua R l I2 = 0,6 A. Tnh sut in ng v in
tr trong ca mi pin.
Gii
Khi mc ni tip ta c: Eb = 2E v rb = r1 + r1 = 2r
p dng nh lut Ohm cho mch kn: I1 =
Khi mc song song ta c: Eb = E v rb =
r
2
p dng nh lut Ohm cho mch kn: I1 =
Eb
R+rb
Eb
R+rb
0,75 =
0,6 =
2E
2+2r
2E
4+r
(1).
(2).
T (1) v (2) ta c r = 1 ; E = 1,5 V.

Bi 11: Mt ngun in c sut in ng E = 24 V, in tr trong r = 6 dng thp sng
cc bng n loi 6 V - 3 W.
a) C th mc ti a my bng n cc n u sng bnh thng v phi mc chng nh
th no?
b) Nu ch c 6 bng n th phi mc chng th no cc bng n sng bnh thng.
Trong cc cch mc cch mc no li hn.
Gii
in tr bng n: R =
U2dm
= 12
Pdm
Cng dng in nh mc ca bng n: I =
Pdm
Udm
= 0,5 A.
a) Gi N l s bng n c thp sng.

Khi chng sng bnh thng th cng sut tiu th ca mch ngoi l:
Pngoi = nPdm = UI = (E rI)I
24I 6I2 = 3n 2I2 8I + n = 0 (1).
phng trnh c nghim th = 16 2n 0 N 8.
Vy s bng n ti a l 8 bng.
+ Vi N = 8 th phng trnh (1) c nghim kp l I = 2 A.
Gi s cc bng n c mc thnh m dy, mi dy c n bng th ta phi c:
I = mI m =
I
Idm
=4n=
N
m
=2
Vy phi mc thnh 4 dy, mi dy c 2 bng.

b) Vi N = 6 th phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim: I1 = 1 A v I2 = 3 A.
+ Vi I1 = 1 A, ta c: m =
I1
Idm
= 2 n =
N
m
=3.
Vy phi mc thnh hai dy, mi dy c 3 bng.

Khi in tr mch ngoi: RN =
Hiu sut ca mch l: H1 =
RN
RN +r
3Rd
2
= 18
= 0,75
46
+ Vi I2 = 3 A, ta c: m =
I1
Idm
=6n=
N
m
=1
Vy phi mc thnh 6 dy, mi dy c 1 bng n.

Khi in tr mch ngoi: R =
Hiu sut ca mch l: H2 =
Rd
2
RN
RN +r
= 2.
= 0,25
Vy, cch mc thnh hai dy, mi dy gm 3 bng n c li hn.

Bi 12: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong b ngun gm 8 acqui, mi
ci c sut in ng e = 2 V, in tr trong r = 0,4 mc thnh 2 nhnh,
mi nhnh c 4 ngun mc ni tip; n loi 6 V - 6 W; R1 = 0,2 ; R2
= 6 ; R3 = 4 ; R4 = 4 . Tnh:
a) Cng dng in chy qua mch chnh.
b) Hiu in th gia hai im A v M.
Gii
in tr ca bng n: R =
U2dm
Pdm
=6
* Phn tch mch ngoi ta thy: R1 nt [(R2 nt R)//R4] nt R3

V
+ (R2 nt R) nn: R2 = R2 + R = 12
+ [(R2 nt R)//R4] nn: R24 =
R2 .R4
R2 + R4
=3
+ R1 nt [(R2 nt R)//R4] nt R3 nn: RN = R1 + R24 + R3 = 7,2

* Phn tch b ngun: c 8 ngun mc theo kiu hn hp 2 dy, mi dy 4 ngun nn:
Eb = 4E = 8V v rb =
a) Cng dng in chy qua mch chnh: I =
4r
2
Eb
= 0,8
R N +rb
= 1 A.
b) Do
+ R1 nt R24 nt R3 nn I1 = I24 = I3 = I = 1A
+ [(R2 nt R)//R4] nn: U24 = U2 = U4 = I24. R24 = 3 V
Cng dng in qua n v in tr R2 bng nhau v chng ni tip:
I2 = I2 = I =
U2
R2
= 0,25 A
Hiu in th gia hai im A, N l:

UAN = VA VN = VA VC + VC VN = UAC + UCN = I1R1 + I2R2 = 1,7 V.
Bi 13: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong b ngun c 5 ngun
ging nhau, mi ngun c sut in ng e = 2 V, in tr trong r =
0,2 mc nh hnh v. n c loi (6 V - 12W); R1 = 2,2 ; R2 =
4 ; R3 = 2 . Tnh UMN v cho bit n c sng bnh thng
khng? Ti sao?
Gii
in tr ca bng n: R =
U2dm
Pdm
=3
* Phn tch mch ngoi ta thy: R1 nt [(R2 nt R3)//R]

47
V
+ (R2 nt R3) nn: R23 = R2 + R3 = 6
+ [(R2 nt R3)//R] nn: R23 =
R23 .R
R23 + R
=2
+ R1 nt [(R2 nt R3)//R] nn: RN = R1 + R23 = 4,2

* Phn tch b ngun ta thy c 7 ngun ging nhau trong c 4 mc theo kiu hn hp 2
dy, mi dy 2 ngun sau ni tip vi 3 ngun cn li. Nn ta c:
Eb = 3E + 2E = 10V v rb = 3r +
a) Cng dng in chy qua mch chnh: I =
Eb
R N +rb
2r
2
= 0,8
= 2 A.
b) Do
+ R1 nt R23 nn I1 = I23 = I = 2A
+ [(R2 nt R3)//R] nn: U23 = U = U23 = I23R23 = 4 V
Cng dng in qua n v in tr R2 bng nhau v chng ni tip:
I23 = I2 = I3 =
U23
R23
== A
3
Hiu in th gia hai im M, N l:

UMN = VM VN = VM VC + VC VN = UMC + UCN = I(3r + R1) 3E + I2R2 = 2,3 V.
Hiu in th hai u bng n: U = 4 V < Um = 6 V nn n sng yu hn bnh thng.
Bi 14: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong E1 = 6 V; E2 = 2 V; r1 = r2 =
0,4 ; n loi (6V - 3W); R1 = 0,2 ; R2 = 3 ; R3 = 4 ; R4 = 1 .
Tnh:
a) Cng dng in chy trong mch chnh.
b) Hiu in th gia hai im A v N.
Gii
Phn tch b ngun ta thy hai ngun ni tip nhau nn:
Eb = E1 + E2 = 8 V; rb = r1 + r2 = 0,8 ;
in tr ca bng n: R =
U2dm
Pdm
= 12
Phn tch mch ngoi c: R1 nt [R // (R2 nt R4)] nt R3

V
+ (R2 nt R4) nn: R24 = R2 + R4 = 4
+ [R // (R2 nt R4)] nn: R24 =
R24 R
R24 + R
=3
+ R1 nt [R // (R2 nt R4)] nt R3 nn: RN = R1 + R24 + R3 = 7,2 ;

a) Cng dng in chy trong mch chnh: I =
Eb
R N +rb
= 1 A.
b) Do
+ R1 nt R24 nt R3 nn I1 = I24 = I3 = I = 2A
+ [(R2 nt R4)//R] nn: U = U24 = U24 =I24R24 = 4 V
Hiu in th hai u n v hai u on mch R24 l: U24 = U = U24 = IR24 = 3 V
Cng dng in chy qua R2 v R4 l: I24 = I2 = I4 =
U24
R24
= 0,75 A;
48
Hiu in th gia hai im M v N l:

UMN = VM VN = VM VC + VC VN = UMC + UCN = I(r1 + R1) E1 + I2R2 = 3,15 V.
UMN < 0 cho bit in th im M thp hn in th im N.
49
DNG 4: BI TP V NH LUT OHM CHO ON MCH CHA NGUN

I. PHNG PHP
* Bc 1: chn chiu dng in.
* Bc 2: vit biu thc in p cho tng on mch. Lu :
+ Nu chiu dng in ngc chiu vi in p th mang gi tr m, cng chiu th mang gi
tr dng.
+ Nu theo chiu in p m gp cc dng ngun in th sut in ng mang gi tr
dng, gp cc m th mang gi m.
* Bc 3: p dng nh lut nt cho cc nt nh. Lu : " Tng i s dng in vo nt
bng tng i s dng in ra khi nt.
* Ch : trong qu trnh c th vn dng cc cng thc tnh in p, cng dng in, cng
sut hc.
Nhn xt y l dng bi tp kh yu cu hc cn nm vng cc k nng gii phng trnh
v tnh ton mch in mt chiu.
II. BI TP P DNG
Bi 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong E1 = 2 V; r1 = 0,1 ; E2 =
1,5 V; r2 = 0,1 ; R = 0,2 in tr ca vn k rt ln. Tnh cng
dng in qua E1, E2, R v s ch ca vn k.
Gii
Gi s dng in chy trong cc nhnh mch c chiu nh hnh v.
Ta c:
+ on mch (AE1B): UAB = E1 - I1r1 (1)
+ on mch (AE2B): UAB = E2 I2r2 (2)
+ on mch (ARB): UAB = IR (3)
- Xt ti nt A c: I1 + I2 = I (4)
I1 + 2I = 20
T (1), (2), (3), (4) ta c: { I2 + I = 15 (I)
I1 + I2 I = 0
Gii h phng trnh (I) ta c: I1 = 6 A; I2 = 1 A; I = 7 A.
Thay I vo (3), ta c UAB = UV = 1,4 V.
V cc gi tr I1 > 0; I2 > 0; I > 0 nn dng in chy trong cc nhnh mch ng nh chiu
ta gi s.
Bi 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong E1 = 18 V; r1 = 4 ; E2 =
10,8 V; r2 = 2,4 ; R1 = 1 ; R2 = 3 ; RA = 2 ; C = 2 F. Tnh cng
dng in qua E1, E2, s ch ca ampe k, hiu in th v in tch
trn t in C khi K ng v K m.
Gii
+ Khi K m, mch ngoi h; s ch ampe k IA = 0; E1 l ngun, E2 l my thu nn:
I1 = I2 =
E1 - E2
r1 +r2
= 1,125 V
Hiu in p gia A v B l: UAB = UC = I2R2 + E2 = 13,5 V

50
in tch ca t l: q = CUC = 27.10-6 C.

+ Khi K ng, gi s dng in chy trong cc nhnh mch c chiu nh hnh v.
+ on mch (AE1B): UAB = E1 - I1r1 (1)
+ on mch (AE2B): UAB = E2 I2r2 (2)
+ on mch (ARB): UAB = I(R1 + R2 + RA) (3)
Ti nt A ta c: I1 + I2 = I (4)
4I1 + 6I = 18
T (1), (2), (3), (4) ta c: {2,4I2 + 6I = 10,8 (I)
I1 + I2 I = 0
Gii h phng trnh (I) ta c: I1 = 1,8 A; I2 = 0; I = 1,8 A
IA = 1,8 A;
in p hai u t in: UC = UR2 = IR2 = 5,4 V
in tch ca t l: q = CUC = 10,8.10-6 C.
Bi 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit E1 = 8 V; E3 = 6 V; E2 = 4 V; r1
= r2 = 0,5 ; r3 = 1 ; R1 = R3 = 4 ; R2 = 5 . Tnh hiu in th gia
2 im A, B v cng dng in qua tng nhnh mch.
Gii
+ on mch (AE1R1B): UAB = E1 - I1(r1 + R1) (1)
+ on mch (AR2E2B): UAB = E2 I2(r2 + R2) (2)
+ on mch (AE3R3B): UAB = I3(r3 + R3) E3 (3)
Ti nt A c: I1 + I2 = I3(4)
4,5I1 + 5I3 = 14
T (1), (2), (3), (4) ta c:{5,5I2 + 5I3 = 10 (I)
I1 + I2 I3 = 0
Gii h phng trnh (I) ta c: I1 = 1,30 A; I2 = 0,33 A; I3 = 1,63 A.
Thay I3 vo (3), ta c UAB = 2,15 V.
V I1 > 0; I2 > 0; I3 > 0 nn dng in chy trong cc nhnh mch ng nh chiu ta gi s.
Bi 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong E1 = 55 V; r1 = 0,3 ; E2
= 10 V; r2 = 0,4 ; E3 = 30 V; r3 = 0,1 ; E4 = 15 V; r4 = 0,2 ; R1 = 9,5
; R2 = 19,6 ; R3 = 4,9 . Tnh cng dng in qua cc nhnh.
Gii
+ on mch (AE1R1E4B): UAB = E4 - E1 + I1(r1 + R1) (1)
+ on mch (AR2E2B): UAB = E2 I2(r2 + R2) (2)
+ on mch (AE3R3B): UAB = I3(r3 + R3) E3 (3)
Ti nt B c: I1 + I3 = I2 (4)
10I1 + 20I2 = 50
T (1), (2), (3), (4) ta c:{ 20I2 + 5I3 = 40 (I)
I1 I2 + I3 = 0
51
Gii h phng trnh (I) ta c: I1 = 1,29 A; I2 = 1,86 A; I3 = 0,57 A

Thay I3 vo (3), ta c UAB = - 12,15 V.
Do UAB < 0 nn in th im A thp hn in th im B
V I1 > 0; I2 > 0; I3 > 0 nn dng in chy trong cc nhnh mch ng nh chiu ta gi s.
Cu 1. iu kin c dng in l
A. ch cn c cc vt dn.
B. ch cn c hiu in th.
C. ch cn c ngun in.
D. ch cn duy tr mt hiu in th gia hai u vt dn.
Cu 2. in nng tiu th c o bng
A. vn k.
B. ampe k.
C. tnh in k.
D. cng t in.
Cu 3. Khi mc cc in tr ni tip vi nhau thnh mt on mch. in tr tng ng
ca on mch s
A. nh hn in tr thnh phn nh nht trong on mch.
B. ln hn in tr thnh phn ln nht trong on mch.
C. bng trung bnh cng cc in tr trong on mch.
D. bng tng ca in tr ln nht v nh nht trong on mch.
Cu 4. Khi mc cc in tr song song vi nhau thnh mt on mch. in tr tng ng
ca on mch s
A. nh hn in tr thnh phn nh nht trong on mch.
B. ln hn in tr thnh phn ln nht trong on mch.
C. bng trung bnh cng cc in tr trong on mch.
D. bng tng ca in tr ln nht v nh nht trong on mch.
Cu 5. Mt ngun in sut in ng E v in tr trong r c ni vi mt mch ngoi c
in tr tng ng R. Nu R = r th
A. dng in trong mch c gi tr cc tiu.
B. dng in trong mch c gi tr cc i.
C. cng sut tiu th trn mch ngoi l cc tiu.
D. cng sut tiu th trn mch ngoi l cc i.
Cu 6. in tr R1 tiu th mt cng sut P khi c mc vo mt hiu in th U khng
i. Nu mc ni tip vi R1 mt in tr R2 ri mc vo hiu in th U ni trn th cng
sut tiu th bi R1 s
A. gim.
B. khng thay i.
C. tng.
D. c th tng hoc
gim.
Cu 7. Mt dng in 0,8 A chy qua cun dy ca loa phng thanh c in tr 8 . Hiu
in th gia hai u cun dy l
A. 0,1 V.
B. 5,1 V.
C. 6,4 V.
D. 10 V.
Cu 8. in tr R1 tiu th mt cng sut P khi c mc vo mt hiu in th U khng
i. Nu mc song song vi R1 mt in tr R2 ri mc vo hiu in th U ni trn th cng
sut tiu th bi R1 s
52
A. gim.
B. c th tng hoc gim.
C. khng thay i.
D. tng.
Cu 9. Vic ghp ni tip cc ngun in
A. c c b ngun c sut in ng ln hn cc ngun c sn.
B. c c b ngun c sut in ng nh hn cc ngun c sn.
C. c c b ngun c in tr trong nh hn cc ngun c sn.
D. c c b ngun c in tr trong bng in tr mch ngoi.
Cu 10. Hiu in th gia hai u mt mch in gm 2 in tr 10 v 30 ghp ni
tip nhau bng 20 V. Cng dng in qua in tr 10 l
A. 0,5 A.
B. 0,67 A.
C. 1 A.
D. 2 A.
Cu 11. Vic ghp song song cc ngun in ging nhau th
A. c c b ngun c sut in ng ln hn cc ngun c sn.
B. c c b ngun c sut in ng nh hn cc ngun c sn.
C. c c b ngun c in tr trong nh hn cc ngun c sn.
D. c c b ngun c in tr trong bng in tr mch ngoi.
Cu 12. Mt bp in 115 V - 1 kW b cm nhm vo mng in 230 V c ni qua cu
ch chu c dng in ti a 15 A. Bp in s
A. c cng sut to nhit t hn 1 kW.
B. c cng sut to nhit bng 1 kW.
C. c cng sut to nhit ln hn 1 kW.
D. n cu ch.
Cu 13. Mt bp in 230 V - 1kW b cm nhm vo mng in 115 V c ni qua cu ch
chu c dng in ti a 15 A. Bp in s
A. c cng sut to nhit t hn 1 kW.
B. c cng sut to nhit bng 1 kW.
C. c cng sut to nhit ln hn 1 kW.
D. n cu ch.
Cu 14. Hiu in th trn hai u mt mch in gm 2 in tr 10 v 30 ghp ni tip
nhau bng 20 V. Hiu in th trn hai u in tr 10 l
A. 5 V.
B. 10 V.
C. 15 V.
D. 20 V
Cu 15. Hai in tr nh nhau c ni song song c in tr tng ng bng 2 . Nu
cc in tr mc ni tip th in tr tng ng ca chng bng
A. 2 .
B. 4 .
C. 8 .
D.16 .
Cu 16. in tr ca hai in tr 10 v 30 ghp song song l
A. 5 .
B. 7,5 .
C. 20 .
D. 40 .
Cu 17. Hiu in th gia hai u on mch in gm 4 in tr 6 mc ni tip l 12 V.
Dng in chy qua mi in tr bng
A. 0,5 A.
B. 2 A.
C. 8 A.
D. 16 A.
Cu 18. Hiu in th gia hai u on mch in gm 4 in tr 6 mc song song l 12
V. Dng in chy qua mi in tr bng
A. 0,5 A
B. 2 A.
C. 8 A.
D. 16 A.
Cu 19. Mt in tr R1 mc song song vi in tr R2 = 12 ri mc vo mt ngun in
c sut in ng 24 V, in tr trong khng ng k. Cng dng in qua h l 3 A.
Gi tr ca R1 l
53
A. 8 .
B. 12 .
C. 24 .
D. 36 .
Cu 20. Cng sut sn ra trn in tr 10 bng 90 W. Hiu in th trn hai u in tr
bng
A. 90 V.
B. 30 V.
C. 18 V.
D. 9 V.
Cu 21. Ngi ta ct mt on dy dn c in tr R thnh 2 na bng nhau v ghp cc u
ca chng li vi nhau. in tr ca on dy i ny bng
A. 2R.
B. 0,5R.
C. R.
D. 0,25R.
Cu 22. Ti hiu in th 220 V cng sut ca mt bng n bng 100 W. Khi hiu in th
ca mch gim xung cn 110 V, lc cng sut ca bng n bng
A. 20 W.
B. 25 W.
C. 30 W.
D. 50 W.
Cu 23. Khi hai in tr ging nhau mc ni tip vo ngun in U th cng sut tiu th ca
chng l 20 W. Nu cc in tr ny c mc song song v ni vo ngun U ni trn th
cng sut tiu th tng cng l
A. 10 W.
B. 20 W.
C. 40 W.
D. 80 W.
Cu 24. Cng dng in in khng i chy qua dy tc ca mt bng n l I = 0,273
A. Tnh s electron dch chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy tc trong mt pht.
A. 1,024.1018.
B. 1,024.1019.
C. 1,024.1020.
D. 1,024.1021.
Cu 25. in nng bin i hon ton thnh nhit nng dng c hay thit b no di y
khi chng hot ng?
A. Bng n non.
B. Qut in.
C. Bn i in.
D. Acquy ang np
in.
Cu 26. Hiu in th gia hai u mt in tr tng ln 3 ln th cng dng in qua
in tr
A. tng 3 ln.
B. tng 9 ln.
C. gim 3 ln.
D. gim 9 ln.
Cu 27. Mt bn i in khi s dng vi hiu in th 220 V th cng dng in chy
qua bn i l 5 A. Tnh nhit lng to ra trong 20 pht.
A. 132.103 J.
B. 132.104 J.
C. 132.105 J.
D. 132.106 J.
Cu 28. Mt acquy c sut in ng 12 V. Tnh cng m acquy ny thc hin khi mt
electron dch chuyn bn trong acquy t cc dng ti cc m ca n.
A. 192.10-17 J.
B. 192.10-18 J.
C. 192.10-19 J.
D. 192.10-20 J.
Cu 29. i vi mch in kn gm ngun in vi mch ngoi l in tr th cng dng
in chy trong mch
A. t l thun vi in tr mch ngoi.
B. gim khi in tr mch ngoi tng.
C. t l nghch vi in tr mch ngoi.
D. tng khi in tr mch ngoi tng.
Cu 30. Khi mc in tr R1 = 4 vo hai cc ca ngun in th dng in trong mch c
cng I1 = 0,5 A. Khi mc in tr R2 = 10 th dng in trong mch l I2 = 0,25 A.
in tr trong r ca ngun l
A. 1 .
B. 2 .
C. 3 .
D. 4 .
Cu 31. i vi mch in kn gm ngun in vi mch ngoi l in tr th hiu in th
gia hai cc ca ngun in
A. tng khi in tr mch ngoi tng.
54
B. gim khi in tr mch ngoi tng.

C. khng ph thuc vo in tr mch ngoi.
D. lc u tng sau gim khi in tr mch ngoi tng.
Cu 32. Hiu in th gia hai u mt dy dn l 10 V th cng dng in qua dy dn
l 2 A. Nu hiu in th gia hai u dy dn l 15 V th cng dng in qua dy
dn l
4
A. A.
3
B. A.
2
C. 3 A.
D.
1
3
A.
Cu 33. Chn cu tr li sai. Trong mch in ngun in c tc dng

A. To ra v duy tr mt hiu in th.
B. To ra dng in lu di trong mch.
C. Chuyn cc dng nng lng khc thnh in nng.
D. Chuyn in nng thnh cc dng nng lng khc.
Cu 34. Mt in tr R = 4 c mc vo ngun in c sut in ng 1,5 V to thnh
mch kn th cng sut to nhit trn in tr ny l 0,36 W. Tnh in tr trong r ca ngun
in.
A. 1 .
B. 2 .
C. 3 .
D. 4 .
Cu 35. Cng ca lc l khi lm dch chuyn in lng q = 1,5 C trong ngun in t cc
m n cc dng ca n l 18 J. Sut in ng ca ngun in l
A. 1,2 V.
B. 12 V.
C. 2,7 V.
D. 27 V.
Cu 36. Cng sut nh mc ca cc dng c in l
A. Cng sut ln nht m dng c c th t c.
B. Cng sut ti thiu m dng c c th t c.
C. Cng sut m dng c t c khi hot ng bnh thng.
D. Cng sut m dng c c th t c bt c lc no.
Cu 37. Sut in ng ca mt ngun in mt chiu l 4 V. Cng ca lc l lm di chuyn
mt in lng 8 mC gia hai cc bn trong ngun in l
A. 0,032 J.
B. 0,320 J.
C. 0,500 J.
D. 500 J.
Cu 38. Mt bp in c hiu in th v cng sut nh mc l 220 V v 1100 W. in tr
ca bp in khi hot ng bnh thng l
A. 0,2 .
B. 20 .
C. 44 .
D. 440 .
Cu 39. Mt bng n khi mc vo mng in c hiu in th 110 V th cng dng
in qua n l 0,5 A v n sng bnh thng. Nu s dng trong mng in c hiu in
th 220 V th phi mc vi n mt in tr l bao nhiu bng n sng bnh thng?
A. 110 .
B. 220 .
C. 440 .
D. 55 .
Cu 40. Nhit lng to ra trn dy dn khi c dng in chy qua
A. t l thun vi cng dng in.
B. t l thun vi bnh phng cng dng in.
C. t l nghch vi bnh phng cng dng in.
D. t l thun vi bnh phng in tr ca dy dn.
Cu 41. trang tr ngi ta dng cc bng n 12 V - 6 W mc ni tip vo mng in c
hiu in th 240 V. cc bng n sng bnh thng th s bng n phi s dng l
55
A. 2 bng.
B. 4 bng.
C. 20 bng.
D. 40 bng.
Cu 42. Ngun in c r = 0,2 , mc vi R = 2,4 thnh mch kn, khi hiu in th
gia hai u R l 12 V. Sut in ng ca ngun l
A. 11 V.
B. 12 V.
C. 13 V.
D. 14 V.
Cu 43. Mt ngun in c sut in ng 15 V, in tr trong 0,5 mc vi mch ngoi
c hai in tr R1 = 20 v R2 = 30 mc song song. Cng sut ca mch ngoi l
A. 4,4 W.
B. 14,4 W.
C. 17,28 W.
D. 18 W.
Cu 44. Mt b ngun gm 18 ngun ging nhau, mi ci c sut in ng 2 V v in tr
trong 0,15 mc thnh 3 dy, mi dy c 6 ngun mc ni tip. Sut in ng v in tr
trong ca b ngun l
A. 12 V; 0,3 .
B. 36 V; 2,7 .
C. 12 V; 0,9 .
D. 6 V; 0,075 .
Cu 45. Hai acquy c sut in ng 12 V v 6 V, c in tr trong khng ng k mc ni
tip vi nhau v mc vi in tr 12 thnh mch kn. Cng dng in chy trong mch
l
A. 0,15 A.
B. 1 A.
C. 1,5 A.
D. 3 A.
Cu 46. Mt acquy sut in ng 6 V in tr trong khng ng k mc vi bng n 6 V
- 12 W thnh mch kn. Cng dng in chy qua bng n l
A. 0,5 A.
B. 1 A.
C. 2 A.
D. 4 A.
Cu 47. S m ca cng t in gia nh cho bit
A. Cng sut in gia nh s dng.
B. Thi gian s dng in ca gia nh.
C. in nng gia nh s dng.
D. S dng c, thit b gia nh s dng.
Cu 48. Cng sut ca ngun in c xc nh bng
A. Lng in tch m ngun in sinh ra trong mt giy.
B. Cng m lc l thc hin c khi ngun in hot ng.
C. Cng ca dng in trong mch kn sinh ra trong mt giy.
D. Cng lm dch chuyn mt n v in tch dng.
Cu 49. Mt acquy c sut in ng 2 V, in tr trong 1 . Ni hai cc ca acquy vi in
tr R = 9 th cng sut tiu th trn in tr R l
A. 3,6 W.
B. 1,8 W.
C. 0,36 W.
D. 0,18 W
Cu 50. Sut in ng ca ngun in l i lng c trng cho
A. kh nng tc dng lc ca ngun in.
B. kh nng thc hin cng ca ngun in.
C. kh nng d tr in tch ca ngun in.
D. kh nng tch in cho hai cc ca n.
Cu 51. t vo hai u in tr R mt hiu in th U th nhit lng ta ra trn vt dn
trong thi gian t l
A. Q = IR2t.
B. Q =
U2 t
R
C. Q = U2Rt.
D. Q =
U
R2
t.
56
Cu 52. Hai in tr ging nhau dng mc vo mt hiu in th khng i. Nu mc

chng ni tip vi nhau ri mc vo hiu in th th cng sut tiu th ca chng l 20
W. Nu mc chng song song ri mc chng vo hiu in th th cng sut tiu th ca
chng l
A. 5 W.
B. 10 W.
C. 20 W.
D. 80 W.
Cu 53. Mt ngun in c sut in ng 12 V, in tr trong 2 mc vi mt in tr R
= 2 thnh mch kn th cng sut tiu trn R l 16 W, gi tr ca in tr R bng
A. 3 .
B. 4 .
C. 5 .
D. 6 .
Cu 54. Mt mch in kn gm ngun in c in tr trong ng k vi mch ngoi l mt
bin tr. Khi tng in tr mch ngoi th cng dng in trong mch
A. tng.
B. tng t l thun vi in tr mch ngoi.
C. gim.
D. gim t l nghch vi in tr mch ngoi.
Cu 55. Mt ngun in vi sut in ng E, in tr trong r, mc vi mt in tr ngoi R
= r th cng dng in chy trong mch l I. Nu thay ngun in bng 3 ngun in
ging ht n mc ni tip th cng dng in trong mch
A. bng 3I.
B. bng 2I.
C. bng 1,5I.
D. bng 2,5I.
Cu 56. Mt ngun in c mc vi mt bin tr thnh mch kn. Khi in tr ca bin
tr l 1,65 th hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun l 3,3 V, cn khi in tr ca bin tr
l 3,5 V th hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun l 3,5 V. Sut in ng v in tr trong
ca ngun l
A. 3,7 V; 0,2 .
B. 3,4 V; 0,1 .
C. 6,8 V; 0,1 .
D. 3,6 V; 0,15 .
Cu 57. Mt ngun in vi sut in ng E, in tr trong r, mc vi mt in tr ngoi R
= r th cng dng in chy trong mch l I. Nu thay ngun in bng 3 ngun in
ging ht n mc song song th cng dng in trong mch
A. vn bng I.
B. bng 1,5I.
C. bng I.
3
D. bng 0,5I.
Cu 58. Mt b ngun c ba ngun ging nhau mc ni tip. Mch ngoi l mt in tr

khng i. Nu o hai cc ca mt ngun th
A. gim hiu in th in tr trong ca b ngun khng i.
B. cng dng in trong mch gim i hai ln.
C. hiu in th gia hai u in tr mch ngoi gim i ba ln.
D. cng sut ta nhit trn mch ngoi gim i bn ln.
Cu 59. Mt ngun in c sut in ng 6 V v in tr trong 1 th c th cung cp cho
mch ngoi mt cng sut ln nht l
A. 3 W.
B. 6 W.
C. 9 W.
D. 12 W.
Cu 60. C 15 chic pin ging nhau, mi ci c sut in ng 1,5 V v in tr trong 0,6
. Nu em ghp chng thnh ba dy song song mi dy c 5 pin th sut in ng v in
tr trong ca b ngun l
A. 7,5 V v 1 .
B. 7,5 V v 3 .
C. 22,5 V v 9 .
D. 15 V v 1 .
Cu 61. Tng chiu di ca dy dn ln hai ln v tng ng knh ca dy dn ln hai ln
th in tr ca dy dn s
57
A. tng gp i.
B. tng gp bn.
C. gim mt na.
D. gim bn ln.
Cu 62. Mt ngun in c sut in ng 6 V v in tr trong 1 th c th to ra c
mt dng in c cng ln nht l
A. 2 A.
B. 4 A.
C. 6 A.
D. 8 A.
Cu 63. Ba bng n loi 6 V - 3 W c mc song song vo hai cc ca mt ngun in c
sut in ng 6 V v in tr trong 1 th cng dng in chy trong ngun in l
A. 0,5 A.
B. 1 A.
C. 1,2 A.
D. 1,5 A.
Cu 64. Ghp ni tip 3 pin c sut in ng v in tr trong ln lt l 2,2 V; 1,1 V; 0,9
V v 0,2 ; 0,4 ; 0,5 thnh b ngun. Trong mch c dng in cng 1 A chy qua.
in tr mch ngoi bng
A. 5,1 .
B. 4,5 .
C. 3,8 .
D. 3,1 .
Cu 65. Mt c qui c sut in ng e = 6 V, in tr trong r = 0,2 . Khi b chp mch (R
= 0) th dng in chy qua c qui s c cng l
A. 20 A.
B. 30 A.
C. 40 A.
D. 50 A.
Cu 66. Mt my thu thanh c lp rp thch hp vi mch in 110 V v tip nhn cng
sut 50W. c th s dng trong mng in 220 V, th cn phi mc ni tip vi n mt
in tr
A. 110 .
B. 220 .
C. 242 .
D. 484.
Cu 67. Mt bng n dy tc loi 220 V - 100 W c in tr l :
A. 242.
B. 484.
C. 968.
D. 440.
Cu 68. Du hiu tng qut nht nhn bit dng in l :
A. tc dng ha hc. B. tc dng t.
C. tc dng nhit.
D. tc dng sinh l.
P N
1D. 2D. 3B. 4A. 5D. 6A. 7C. 8C. 9A. 10A. 11C. 12D. 13A. 14A. 15C. 16B. 17A. 18B. 19C.
20B. 21D. 22B. 23D. 24B. 25C. 26A. 27B. 28B. 29B. 30B. 31B. 32C. 33D. 34A. 35D. 36C.
37A. 38C. 39B. 40B. 41C. 42C. 43C. 44A. 45C. 46C. 47C. 48C. 49C. 50B. 51B. 52D. 53B.
54D. 55C. 56A. 57B. 58C. 59C. 60A. 61C. 62C. 63C. 64D. 65B. 66C. 67B. 68B.
58
Chng III: DNG IN TRONG CC MI TRNG

A. TM TT L THUYT
1. Dng in trong kim loi
+ Ht ti in trong kim loi l cc electron t do. Mt ca cc electron t do trong kim
loi rt cao nn kim loi dn in rt tt
+ Bn cht dng in trong kim loi l dng dch chuyn c hng ca cc electron di tc
dng ca in trng.
+ in tr sut ca kim loi tng theo nhit gn ng theo hm bc nht:
= 0(1 + (t t0)).
+ Chuyn ng nhit ca mng tinh th cn tr chuyn ng ca ht ti in lm cho in
tr kim loi ph thuc vo nhit . n gn 00 K, in tr ca kim loi rt nh.
+ Vt liu siu dn c in tr t ngt gim n bng 0 khi nhit bng hoc thp hn
nhit ti hn T TC.
+ Cp nhit in l hai dy kim loi khc bn cht, hai u hn vo nhau. Khi nhit hai
mi hn T1, T2 khc nhau, trong mch c sut in ng nhit in E
T(T1 T2).
2. Dng in trong cht in phn

+ Cc dung dch mui, axit, baz hay cc mui nng chy c gi l cc cht in phn.
+ Ht ti in trong cht in phn l cc ion dng, ion m b phn li t cc phn t mui,
axit, baz.
+ Cht in phn khng dn in tt bng kim loi v mt cc ion trong cht in phn
nh hn mt cc electron trong kim loi, khi lng v kch thc ca cc ion ln hn
khi lng v kch thc ca cc electron nn tc chuyn ng c hng ca chng nh
hn.
+ Dng in trong cht in phn l dng ion dng v ion m chuyn ng c hng theo
hai chiu ngc nhau trong in trng.
+ Hin tng dng cc tan xy ra khi cc anion i ti ant ko cc ion kim loi ca in
cc vo trong dung dch.
+ Khi lng cht thot ra cc ca bnh in phn tnh ra gam:
1 A
m = kq = . .It; vi F = 96500 C/mol.

F n
+ Dng in trong cht in phn khng ch ti in lng m cn ti c vt cht i theo. Ti

in cc ch c electron c th i tip, cn lng vt cht ng li in cc, gy ra hin
tng in phn.
+ Hin tng in phn c p dng trong cc cng ngh luyn kim, ha cht, m in,
3. Dng in trong cht kh
+ Ht ti in trong cht kh l cc ion dng, ion m v cc electron, c c do cht kh b
ion ho.
+ Dng in trong cht kh l dng chuyn di c hng ca cc ion dng theo chiu in
trng v cc ion m, cc electron ngc chiu in trng.
+ Qu trnh dn in khng t lc ca cht kh xy ra khi ta phi dng tc nhn ion ha t
bn ngoi to ra ht ti in trong cht kh.
59
+ C bn cch chnh dng in c th to ra ht ti in mi trong cht kh:

- Dng in chy qua cht kh lm nhit kh tng cao, khin phn t kh b ion ha.
- in trng trong cht kh rt ln, khin phn t kh b ion ha ngay khi nhit thp.
- Catt b dng in nung nng , lm cho n c kh nng pht ra electron. Hin tng ny
gi l hin tng pht x nhit electron.
- Catt khng nng nhng b cc ion dng c nng lng ln p vo lm bt ra cc
electron.
+ Qu trnh phng in t lc trong cht kh l qu trnh phng in vn tip tc gi c
khi khng cn tc nhn ion ha tc ng t bn ngoi.
+ Tia la in l qu trnh phng in t lc hnh thnh trong cht kh khi c in trng
mnh lm ion ha cht kh.
Tia la in c th hnh thnh trong khng kh iu kin thng, khi in trng t n
ngng vo khong 3.106 V/m.
Tia la in c dng ph bin trong ng c n t hn hp n trong xilanh.
+ H quang in l qu trnh phng in t lc hnh thnh khi dng in qua cht kh c th
gi c nhit cao ca catt n pht c electron bng hin tng pht x nhit
electron.
H quang in c th km theo ta nhit v ta sng rt mnh.
H quang in c nhiu ng dng nh hn in, lm n chiu sng, un chy vt liu,
4. Dng in trong cht bn dn
+ Cht bn dn l mt nhm vt liu m tiu biu l gecmani v silic.
+ in tr sut ca cc cht bn dn c gi tr nm trong khong trung gian gia kim loi v
in mi.
+ in tr sut ca cht bn dn ph thuc mnh vo nhit v tp cht.
+ Cht bn dn c hai loi ht ti in l electron v l trng.
+ Dng in trong cht bn dn l dng chuyn di c hng ca cc electron v l trng
di tc dng ca in trng.
+ Bn dn cha no (tp cht cho) l bn dn loi n, c mt electron rt ln so vi l
trng. Bn dn cha axepto (tp cht nhn) l bn dn loi p, c mt l trng rt ln so
vi mt electron.
+ Lp chuyn tip p-n l ch tip xc gia hai min mang tnh dn in p v n trn mt tinh
th bn dn. Dng in ch chy qua c lp chuyn tip p-n theo chiu t p sang n, nn
lp chuyn tip p-n c dng lm it bn dn chnh lu dng in xoay chiu.
60
B. CC DNG BI TP
DNG 1: BI TP V IN TR V SUT NHIT IN NG
I. PHNG PHP
Dng bi tp lin quan n hin tng nhit ca kim loi ta ch cc cng thc sau trong qu
trnh gii bi tp:
- S ph thuc ca in tr vo nhit : R = R0[1 + (t t0)]
- S ph thuc in tr sut vo nhit : = 0[1 + (t t0)].
- Sut in ng nhit in: E = T(T2 T1)
Trong :
+ R0 l in tr ti nhit t0
+ 0 l in tr sut ti nhit t0.
+ : h s nhit in tr ca kim loi.
+ T: h s nhit in ng.
II. BI TP P DNG
Bi 1: Mt bng n 220 V - 100 W c dy tc lm bng vnfram. Khi sng bnh thng th
nhit ca dy tc bng n l 20000 C. Xc nh in tr ca bng n khi thp sng v
khi khng thp sng. Bit nhit ca mi trng l 200 C v h s nhit in tr ca vnfram
l = 4,5.10-3 K-1.
Gii
Khi thp sng in tr ca bng n l: R =
U2dm
Pdm
= 484 .
Khi khng thp sng in tr ca bng n l: R0 =
R
1+(tt0 )
= 48,8 .
Bi 2: Mt bng n 220 V - 40 W c dy tc lm bng vnfram. in tr ca dy tc bng

n 200 C l R0 = 121 . Tnh nhit ca dy tc khi bng n sng bnh thng. Cho
bit h s nhit in tr ca vnfram l = 4,5.10-3 K-1.
Gii
Khi sng bnh thng: R =
U2dm
Pdm
= 1210 .
Ta c: R = R0[1+(t t0)] t =
R
R0
- + t0 = 20200 C
Vy nhit ca si tc khi sng bnh thng l: 20200 C

Bi 3: Dy tc ca bng n 220 V - 200 W khi sng bnh thng nhit 25000 C c in
tr ln gp 10,8 ln so vi in tr 1000 C. Tm h s nhit in tr v in tr R0 ca
dy tc 1000 C.
Gii
Khi sng bnh thng: R =
nhit 1000 C: R0 =
R
10.8
U2dm
Pdm
= 242 .
= 22,4 .
Ta c: R = R0[1+(t t0)] =
R
R0 (tt0 )
1
tt0
= 0,0041 K-1.
H s nhit in tr = 0,0041 K-1.

61
Bi 4: nhit t1 = 250 C, hiu in th gia hai cc ca bng n l U1 = 20 mV th cng

dng in qua n l I1 = 8 mA. Khi sng bnh thng, hiu in th gia hai cc ca
bng n l U2 = 240 V th cng dng in chy qua n l I2 = 8 A. Tnh nhit ca
dy tc bng n khi n sng bnh thng. Bit h s nhit in tr ca dy tc lm bng
n l = 4,2.10-3 K-1.
Gii
in tr ca dy tc 250 C: R1 =
U1
I1
= 2,5 .
U2
in tr ca dy tc khi sng bnh thng: R2 =

Ta c: R = R0[1+(t t0)] t =
R
R0
I2
= 30 .
- + t0 = 26440 C.
Vy nhit ca si tc khi sng bnh thng l: 26440 C.

Bi 5: Mt mi hn ca cp nhit in c h s nhit in ng T = 65 V/K c t trong
khng kh 200 C, cn mi hn kia c nung nng n nhit 3200 C. Tnh sut in ng
nhit in ca cp nhit in .
Gii
Sut nhit in ng: E = T(T2 T1) = 0,0195 V.
Bi 6: Mt mi hn ca cp nhit in nhng vo nc ang tan, mi hn kia c nhng
vo hi nc si. Dng milivn k o c sut nhit in ng ca cp nhit in l 4,25
mV. Tnh h s nhit in ng ca cp nhit in .
Gii
Sut nhit in ng: E = T(T2 T1) T =
E
T2 -T1
= 42,5.10-6 V/K.
H s nhit in ng ca cp nhit in T = 42,5.10-6 V/K.

Bi 7: Nhit k in thc cht l mt cp nhit in dng o nhit rt cao hoc rt thp
m ta khng th dng nhit k thng thng o c. Dng nhit k in c h s nhit
in ng T = 42 V/K o nhit ca mt l nung vi mt mi hn t trong khng
kh 200 C cn mi hn kia t vo l th thy milivn k ch 50,2 mV. Tnh nhit ca l
nung.
Gii
Sut nhit in ng: E = T(T2 T1) T2 =
E
T
+ T1 = 14880 K = 12150 C.
Nhit ca l nung: 12150 C.
62
DNG 2: BI TP LIN QUAN N DNG IN TRONG CHT IN PHN.

I. PHNG PHP
1. Bi tp vn dng nh lut Faraday mt cch n gin:
i vi cc bi tp thng thng nh tnh khi lng cht sinh ra trong qu trnh in phn,
dng in cn dng trong qu trnh in phn, in lng chuyn qua bnh in phn hay
thi gian in phn ta p dng cng thc:
1 A
m = kq = . .It
F n
trong :
+ m tnh theo khi lng g
+ F = 96500 C/mol: hng s Faraday
+ n: ha tr ca nguyn t.
+ A: Nguyn t khi.
+ I: cng dng in chy qua bnh in phn.
+ t: thi gian in phn hay thi gian dng in chy qua bnh in phn.
+ q: in lng chuyn qua bnh.
1 A
+k= .
F n
2. Bi tp v mch in c cha bnh in phn:

i vi mch in c bnh in phn ta cn ch vn sau:
+ Nu bnh in phn l dng cc tan th xem bnh in phn nh mt in tr Rp.
+ Nu bnh in phn l dng khng cc tan th xem bnh in phn nh sut phn in
(ngun thu) c sut phn in Ep v in tr trong l rp.
Khi gii bi ton dng ny ta p dng phng php gii i vi mch in cha ngun hoc
mch kn ty tng trng hp tm dng in chy qua bnh in phn sau dng cng
1 A
thc: m = . .I.t tm khi lng cht gii phng in cc

F n
II. BI TP P DNG
Bi 1: Mt b ngun in gm 30 pin mc thnh 3 nhm ni tip, mi nhm c 10 pin mc
song song; mi pin c sut in ng 0,9 V v in tr trong 0,6 . Mt bnh in phn ng
dung dch CuSO4 c in tr 205 c mc vo hai cc ca b ngun ni trn. Ant ca
bnh in phn bng ng. Tnh khi lng ng bm vo catt ca bnh trong thi gian 50
pht. Bit Cu c A = 64; n = 2.
Gii
Ta c 30 pin mc thnh 3 nhm ni tip, mi nhm c 10 pin mc song song nn:
+ Sut in ng ca b ngun: Eb = 3E = 2,7 V
+ in tr trong ca b ngun: rb = 3
= 0,18
10
Cng dng in chy qua mch: I =
Eb
R p + rb
= 0,01316 A;
1 A
Khi lng ng bm vo catt ca bnh trong thi gian 50 pht l: m = . .I.t = 0,013 g.
F n
63
Bi 2: Chiu dy ca mt lp niken ph ln mt tm kim loi l h = 0,05 mm sau khi in

phn trong 30 pht. Din tch mt ph ca tm kim loi l 30 cm2. Xc nh cng dng
in chy qua bnh in phn. Bit niken c A = 58, n = 2 v c khi lng ring l = 8,9
g/cm3.
Gii
Khi lng c ca tm Niken: m = .V = .S.h = 1,335 g
1 A
m.F.n
F n
A.t
Theo nh lut Faraday c: m = . .I.t I =
= 2,47 A.
Cng dng in chy qua bnh in phn l 2,47 A.

Bi 3: Mun m ng mt tm st c din tch tng cng 200 cm2, ngi ta dng tm st lm
catt ca mt bnh in phn ng dng dch CuSO4 v ant l mt thanh ng nguyn cht,
ri cho dng in c cng I = 10 A chy qua trong thi gian 2 gi 40 pht 50 giy. Tm
b dy lp ng bm trn mt tm st. Cho bit ng c A = 64; n = 2 v c khi lng ring
= 8,9.103 kg/m3.
Gii
Khi lng ng cn m l: m = .V = .S.h (1)
1 A
Theo nh lut Faraday c: m = . .I.t (2)

F n
T (1) v (2) suy ra: h =
A.I.t
F.n..S
= 0,018 cm.
Bi 4: Ngi ta dng 36 ngun ging nhau, mi ngun c sut in ng 1,5 V, in tr

trong 0,9 cung cp in cho mt bnh in phn ng dung dch ZnSO4 vi cc dng
bng km, c in tr R = 3,6 . Hi phi mc hn hp i xng b ngun nh th no
dng in qua bnh in phn l ln nht. Tnh lng km bm vo catt ca bnh in phn
trong thi gian 1 gi 4 pht 20 giy. Bit Zn c A = 65; n = 2.
Gii
Gi x l s nhnh th mi nhnh s c y =
36
x
ngun.
Khi :
+ Sut in ng ca b ngun l: Eb = y.E =
in tr trong ca b ngun: rb =
yr
x
36
54
.1,5 =
32.4
x2
Cng dng in chy qua mch l: I =
Eb
R p + rb
Theo bt ng thc ci I = Imax th 3,6x =
54
3.6+
32.4
32,4
x = 3 y = 12
x
Vy phi mc thnh 3 nhnh, mi nhnh c 12 ngun mc ni tip.

Khi Imax = 2,5 A
1 A
Khi lng cht gii phng in cc: m = . .I.t = 3,25 g.

F n
64
Bi 5: Cho in nh hnh v. Trong b ngun c n pin mc

ni tip, mi pin c sut in ng 1,5 V v in tr trong 0,5
. Mch ngoi gm cc in tr R1 = 20 ; R2 = 9 ; R3 = 2 ;
n loi 3V - 3W; Rp l bnh in phn ng dung dch
AgNO3, c cc ng bng bc. in tr ca ampe k v dy
ni khng ng k; in tr ca vn k rt ln. Bit ampe k A1
ch 0,6 A, ampe k A2 ch 0,4 A. Tnh:
a) Cng dng in qua bnh in phn v in tr ca bnh in phn.
b) S pin v cng sut ca b ngun.
c) S ch ca vn k.
d) Khi lng bc gii phng catt sau 32 pht 10 giy.
e) n c sng bnh thng khng? Ti sao?
Gii
a) in tr bng n: R =
U2dm
Pdm
=3
Phn tch mch ngoi ta c:

+ [R2 nt R] nn: R2 = R2 + R = 12
+ [R2 // R3p] nn: U2 = U3p = UCB = IA2.R2 = 4,8 V
+ [R3 nt Rp] nn: I3p = I3 = Ip = IA1 IA2 = 0,2 A
in tr tng ng ca R3 v Rp:R3p =
U3p
I3p
= 24
in tr ca bnh in phn: Rp = R3p R3 = 22 .

b) Ta c R1 nt RCB nn: RN = R1 + RCB v IA1 = ICB = I1 = I
in tr ca on mch CB: RCB =
UCB
ICB
= 8
in tr mch ngoi: RN = R1 + RCB = 28

Ta c n pin ging nhau mc ni tip nn: Eb = nE, rb = nr
Cng dng in chy qua mch chnh: I =
Eb
R N +rb
E
R N +nr
16,8 + 0,3n = 1,5n n = 14 ngun

Cng sut ca b ngun: Pngun = IEb = I.n.E = 12,6 W.
c) S ch vn k: UV = U = IR = 16,8 V.
1 A
d) Khi lng bc gii phng: m = . .I.t = 0,432 g.

F n
e) I = IA2 = 0,4 A < Im =
Pdm
Udm
= 1 A nn n sng yu hn bnh thng.
Bi 6: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Ba ngun in ging nhau, mi ci c sut in ng e

v in tr trong r. R1 = 3 ; R2 = 6 ; bnh in phn cha dung dch CuSO4 vi cc dng
bng ng v c in tr Rp = 0,5 . Sau mt thi gian in phn 386
giy, ngi ta thy khi lng ca bn cc lm catt tng ln 0,636
gam.
a) Xc nh cng dng in qua bnh in phn v qua tng in
tr.
65
b) Dng mt vn c in tr rt ln mc vo 2 u A v C ca b ngun. Nu b mch ngoi

i th vn k ch 20 V. Tnh sut in ng v in tr trong ca mi ngun in.
Gii
1 A
m.F.n
F n
A.t
a) Theo nh lut Faraday: m = . .Ip.t Ip =
=5A
Phn tch mch ngoi c

+ (Rp nt R12) nn I12 = Ip = I = 5A
+ (R1 // R2) nn: R12 =
R1 R2
R1 +R2
= 2 ;
U12 = U1 = U2 = I12R12 = 10 V
Cng dng in qua R1 v R2 ln lt l:
+ I1 =
+ I2 =
U1
R1
U2
R2
10
3
5
= A.
3
b) Khi b mch ngoi th UV = Eb = 2E

Sut in ng ca mi ngun l: E =
Uv
2
= 10 V
in trong ca b ngun: rb = 1.5r

in tr mch ngoi l: RN = R12 + Rp = 2,5
Cng dng in trong mch: I =
Eb
R N +1.5r
12,5 + 7,5r = 20 r = 1 .
Bi 7: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit ngun c sut in

ng E = 24 V, in tr trong r = 1 ; t in c in dung C
= 4 F; n loi 6V - 6W; cc in tr c gi tr R1 = 6; R2
= 4; bnh in phn ng dung dch CuSO4 v c ant lm
bng Cu, c in tr Rp = 2 . B qua in tr ca dy ni.
Tnh:
a) in tr tng ng ca mch ngoi.
b) Khi lng Cu bm vo catt sau 16 pht 5 giy.
c) in tch ca t in.
Gii
a) in tr ca bng n: R =
U2dm
Pdm
=6
Phn tch mch ngoi c:

+ (R1 nt R) nn: R1 = R1 + R = 12
+ (R2 // R2) nn: R12 =
R1 R2
R1 + R2
= 3
+ (R12 nt Rp) nn: RN = Rp + R12 = 5

b) Cng in trng: I = Ip =
E
R N +r
= 4A
1 A
Theo nh lut Faraday: m = . .Ip.t = 12,8 g.

F n
c) Ta c (R2 // R2) nn: U12 = U1 = U2 = IR12 = 12 V

Do (R1 nt R) nn: I1 = I1 = I =
U1
R1
=1A
66
Hiu in th gia 2 u bn t:
UC = UAM = UAN + UNM = IRp + I1R1 = 14 V; q = CUC = 56.10-6 C.
Bi 8: Cho mch in nh hnh v. B ngun gm 6 ngun ging nhau, mi ngun c sut
in ng E = 2,25 V, in tr trong r = 0,5 . Bnh in phn
c in tr Rp cha dung dch CuSO4, ant lm bng ng. T
in c in dung C = 6 F. n loi 4 V - 2 W, cc in
1
tr c gi tr R1 = R2 = R3 = 1 . Ampe k c in tr khng
2
ng k, b qua in tr ca dy ni. Bit n sng bnh

thng. Tnh:
a) Sut in ng v in tr trong ca b ngun.
b) Hiu in th UAB v s ch ca ampe k.
c) Khi lng ng bm vo catt sau 32 pht 10 giy v in tr Rp ca bnh in phn.
d) in tch v nng lng ca t in.
Gii
a) Phn tch b ngun ta c:
Sut in ng ca b ngun: Eb = E + 2E + E = 4e = 9 V
2r
in tr trong ca b ngun: rb = r + + r = 3r = 1,5 .

2
b) in tr ca bng n: R =
U2dm
Pdm
=8
Phn tch mch ngoi c:

* (R1 nt R) nn:
- in tr tng ng ca R1 nt R l: R1 = R1 + R = 9
- Cng dng in qua R1 v n l: I1 = I1 = I
V n sng bnh thng nn: I1 = I1 = I = Im =
Pdm
Udm
= 0,5 A;
Ngoi ra [R1 // R2p] nn:

UAB = U1 = Up2 = I1 R1 = 4,5 V
UAB
Cng dng in trong mch: I =
RAB
Eb
R AB +R 3 +rb
4,5RAB + 11,25 = 9RAB RAB = 2,5 .

S ch ampe k: IA = I =
UAB
RAB
= 1,8 A.
c) V [R2 nt Rp] nn: Ip2 = Ip = I2 = I I1 = 1,3 A

1 A
Theo inh lut Faraday: m = . .Ip.t = 0,832 g

F n
in tr tng ng ca on mch [R2 nt Rp] l:

Rp2 =
Up2
Rp2
= 3,46
in tr ca bnh in phn: Rp = Rp2 R2 = 2,96 .

d) in p gia hai bn cc:
UC = UMN = VM VN = VM VB + VB VN = UMB UNB = IR - I2R2 = 3,35 V;
in tch ca t: q = CUC = 20,1.10-6C
67
Nng lng in trng d tr trong t: W = CU2 = 33,67.10-6 J.

2
Bi 9: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong b ngun gm 8 ngun ging nhau, mi ci c

sut in ng E = 5 V; c in tr trong r = 0,25 mc ni tip;
n c loi 4 V - 8 W; R1 = 3 ; R2 = R3 = 2 ; RB = 4 v l
bnh in phn ng dung dch Al2(SO4)3 c cc dng bng Al.
iu chnh bin tr Rt n sng bnh thng. Tnh:
a) in tr ca bin tr tham gia trong mch.
b) Lng Al gii phng cc m ca bnh in phn trong thi
gian 1 gi 4 pht 20 giy. Bit Al c n = 3 v c A = 27.
c) Hiu in th gia hai im A v M.
Gii
a) in tr ca bng n: R =
U2dm
Pdm
=2
Phn tch mch ngoi c:

+ [R3 nt R] nn: R3 = R3 + R = 4
+ [R2 nt RB] nn: R2B = R2 + RB = 6
in tr tng ng ca on mch CD: RCD =
V n sng bnh thng nn: I = Im =
Pdm
Udm
R2B .R3
R2B +R3
= 2,4 .
=2A
Do [R3 nt R] nn: I3 = I3 = I = Im = 2A.

Ngoi ra [R2B // R3] nn:
U3 = U2B = UCD = I3R3 = 8 V
UCD
RCD
10
3
Phn tch b ngun c:

Sut in ng ca b ngun: Eb = 8E = 40 V
in tr trong ca b ngun: rb = 8r = 2
Eb
R N +rb
10
3
40
+2
10RN + 20 = 120 RN = 10
in tr Rt l: Rt = R R1 RCD = 4,5 .
b) Ta c [R2 nt RB] nn: I2B = I2 = IB =
U2B
R2B
= A
3
1 A
m = . .IB.t = 0,48 g.
F n
c) Hiu in th gia 2 im A v M l:
UAM = VA VM = VA VC + VC VM = UAC + UCM = IR1 + I2R2 = 12,67 V.
68
Bi 10: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong E1 = 6 V; E2 = 2 V ; r1 = r2 = 0,4 ; n loi

6 V - 3 W; R1 = 0,2 ; R2 = 3 ; R3 = 4 ; RB = 1 v l bnh in
phn ng dung dch AgNO3, c cc dng bng Ag. Tnh:
b) Lng Ag gii phng cc m ca bnh in phn trong thi gian 2
gi 8 pht 40 giy. Bit Ag c n = 1 v c A = 108.
c) Hiu in th gia hai im M v N.
Gii
a) Phn tch b ngun c:
Sut in ng ca b ngun: Eb = E1 + E2 = 8 V
in tr trong ca b ngun: rb = r1 + r2 = 0,8
in tr ca bng n: R =
U2dm
Pdm
= 12 ;
Phn tch mch ngoi c:

+ [R2 nt RB] nn: R2B = R2 + RB = 4
+ [R2B // R] nn: RCD =
R2B .R
R2B +R
= 3 ;
in tr tng ng ca mch ngoi: RN = R1 + RCD + R3 = 7,2

Eb
R N +rb
=1A
b) Do [R2B // R] nn: UCD = U = U2B = IRCD = 3 V

I2B = I2 = IB =
U2B
R2B
= 0,75 A
1 A
Theo nh lut Faraday c: m = . .IB.t = 6,48 g.

F n
c) Hiu in th gia hai im M v N:

UMN = VM VN = VM VC + VC VN = UMC + UCN = I(R1 + r1) E1 + I2R2 = - 3,15 V
du - cho bit in th im M thp hn in th im N.
Bi 11: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong b ngun c 8 ngun ging nhau, mi ngun
c sut in ng E = 1,5 V, in tr trong r = 0,5 , mc thnh 2
nhnh, mi nhnh c 4 ngun mc ni tip. n loi 3 V - 3 W; R1
= R2 = 3 ; R3 = 2 ; RB = 1 v l bnh in phn ng dung dch
CuSO4, c cc dng bng Cu. Tnh:
b) Tnh lng Cu gii phng ra cc m trong thi gian 32 pht 10
giy. Bit Cu c nguyn t lng 64 v c ho tr 2.
c) Hiu in th gia hai im M v N.
Gii
a) Phn tch b ngun c:
Sut in ng ca b ngun: Eb = 4E = 6V
in tr trong ca b ngun: rb =
4r
2
= 1
69
in tr ca bng n: R =
U2dm
Pdm
=3
Phn tch mch ngoi c:

+ [R2 nt R] nn: R2 = R + R2 = 6
+ [RB // R3] nn: RB3 = RB + R3 = 3
in tr tng ng ca on mch CB: RCB =
R2 .R3B
R2 +R3B
=3
in tr tng ng ca on mch: RN = R1 + RCB = 4

Eb
R N +rb
= 1,2 A.
b) Do [RB // R3] nn:

UCB = U2 = UB3 = IRCB = 2,4 V
IB3 = IB = I3 =
U3B
R3B
= 0,8 A;
1 A
Theo nh lut Faraday c: m = . .IB.t = 0,512 g.

F n
U2
c) Do [R2 nt R] nn: I2 = I = I2 =
R2
= 0,4A
Hiu in th gia hai im M v N:

UMN = VM VN = VM VC + VC VN = - UCM + UCN = - IR + IBRB = - 0,4 V
du "-" cho bit in th im M thp hn in th im N.
Bi 12: Mt bnh in phn c ant l Ag nhng trong dung dch AgNO3, mt bnh in phn
khc c ant l Cu nhng trong dung dch CuSO4. Hai bnh mc ni tip nhau vo mt
mch in. sau 2 gi, khi lng ca c hai catt tng ln 4,2 g. Tnh cng dng in i
qua hai bnh in phn v khi lng Ag v Cu bm vo catt mi bnh.
Gii
1 A
Theo nh lut Faraday c: m = . .I.t

F n
1 A1
m1 = .
F n1
1 A2
.I.t v m2 = .
F n2
A1
n1
m1 + m2 = . (
A2
n2
.I.t
).I.t
Cng dng in: I =
(m1 +m2 )F
A
A
.( 1 + 2)t
n1
1 A1
Thay I vo m1 c m1 = .
F n1
= 0,4 A
n2
.I.t = 3,24 g
Khi lng m2 = m m1 = 0,96 g
70

Cu 1. Ht mang ti in trong kim loi l
A. ion dng v ion m.
B. electron v ion dng.
C. electron.
D. electron, ion dng v ion m.
Cu 2. Ht mang ti in trong cht in phn l
A. ion dng v ion m.
B. electron v ion dng.
C. electron.
D. electron, ion dng v ion m.
Cu 3. Cho dng in c cng 0,75 A chy qua bnh in phn ng dung dch CuSO4
c cc dng bng ng trong thi gian 16 pht 5 giy. Khi lng ng gii phng ra cc
m l
A. 0,24 kg.
B. 24 g.
C. 0,24 g.
D. 24 kg.
Cu 4. Khi nhit tng in tr ca kim loi tng l do
A. s electron t do trong kim loi tng.
B. s ion dng v ion m trong kim loi tng.
C. cc ion dng v cc electron chuyn ng hn n hn.
D. si dy kim loi n di ra.
Cu 5. Khi nhit tng in tr ca cht in phn gim l do
A. s electron t do trong bnh in phn tng.
B. s ion dng v ion m trong bnh in phn tng.
C. cc ion v cc electron chuyn ng hn n hn.
D. bnh in phn nng ln nn n rng ra.
Cu 6. Pht biu no di y khng ng? Bn dn tinh khit khc bn dn pha ln tp
cht ch
A. bn dn tinh khit c mt electron v l trng gn nh nhau.
B. cng mt nhit , mt ht mang in t do trong bn dn tinh khit t hn trong bn
dn c pha tp cht.
C. in tr ca bn dn tinh khit tng khi nhit tng.
D. khi thay di nhit in tr ca bn dn tinh khit thay i nhanh hn in tr ca bn
dn c pha tp cht.
Cu 7. Dng chuyn di c hng ca cc ion dng, ion m v electron l dng in trong
mi trng
A. kim loi.
B. cht in phn.
C. cht kh.
D. cht bn dn.
Cu 8. c c bn dn loi n ta phi pha vo bn dn tinh khit silic mt t tp cht l
cc nguyn t
A. thuc nhm II trong bng h thng tun hon.
B. thuc nhm III trong bng h thng tun hon.
C. thuc nhm IV trong bng h thng tun hon.
D. thuc nhm V trong bng h thng tun hon.
Cu 9. Hin tng to ra ht ti in trong dung dch in phn
A. l kt qu ca dng in chy qua cht in phn.
B. l nguyn nhn chuyn ng ca cc phn t.
71
C. l dng in trong cht in phn.

D. cho php dng in chy qua cht in phn.
Cu 10. Cho dng in c cng 2 A chy qua bnh in phn ng dung dch mui ng
c cc dng bng ng trong 1 gi 4 pht 20 giy. Khi lng ng bm vo cc m l
A. 2,65 g.
B. 6,25 g.
C. 2,56 g.
D. 5,62 g.
Cu 11. Nguyn nhn lm xut hin cc ht ti in trong cht in phn l
A. do s chnh lch nhit gia hai in cc.
B. do s phn li ca cc cht tan trong dung mi.
C. do s trao i electron vi cc in cc.
D. do nhit ca bnh in phn gim khi c dng in chy qua.
Cu 12. Bng n ca tivi hot ng in p (hiu in th) 30 kV. Gi thit rng electron
ri khi catt vi vn tc ban u bng khng. ng nng ca electron khi chm vo mn
hnh l
A. 4,8.10-16 J.
B. 4,8.10-15 J.
C. 8,4.10-16 J.
D. 8,4.10-15 J.
Cu 13. Trong it bn dn, ngi ta s dng
A. hai loi bn dn tinh khit c bn cht khc nhau.
B. mt bn dn tinh khit v mt bn dn c pha tp cht.
C. hai loi bn dn c pha tp cht c bn cht khc nhau.
D. hai loi bn dn c pha tp cht c bn cht ging nhau.
Cu 14. Khi nhit tng th in tr ca cht in phn
A. tng.
B. gim.
C. khng i.
D. c khi tng c khi gim.
Cu 15. Nguyn nhn lm xut hin cc ht ti in trong cht kh iu kin thng l
A. cc electron bt khi cc phn t kh.
B. s ion ha do va chm.
C. s ion ho do cc tc nhn a vo trong cht kh.
D. khng cn nguyn nhn no c v c sn ri.
Cu 16. Chn cu sai trong cc cu sau
A. Trong bn dn tinh khit cc ht ti in c bn l cc electron v cc l trng.
B. Trong bn dn loi p ht ti in c bn l l trng.
C. Trong bn dn loi n ht ti in c bn l electron.
D. Trong bn dn loi p ht ti in c bn l electron.
Cu 17. iu no sau y l sai khi ni v lp chuyn tip p-n?
Lp chuyn tip p-n
A. c in tr ln v gn c rt t cc hi ti in t do.
B. dn in tt theo chiu t p sang n.
C. dn in tt theo chiu t n sang p.
D. c tnh cht chnh lu.
Cu 18. Dng in trong kim loi l dng chuyn ng c hng ca
A. cc ion dng cng chiu in trng.
B. cc ion m ngc chiu in trng.
72
C. cc electron t do ngc chiu in trng.

D. cc prtn cng chiu in trng.
Cu 19. Nguyn nhn gy ra in tr ca vt dn lm bng kim loi l
A. do cc electron va chm vi cc ion dng nt mng.
B. do cc electron dch chuyn qu chm.
C. do cc ion dng va chm vi nhau.
D. do cc nguyn t kim loi va chm mnh vi nhau.
Cu 20. Trong dung dch in phn, cc ht ti in c to thnh do
A. cc electron bt ra khi nguyn t trung ha.
B. s phn li cc phn t thnh ion.
C. cc nguyn t nhn thm electron.
D. s ti hp cc ion thnh phn t.
Cu 21. Khi nhit tng th in tr ca cht bn dn tinh khit
A. tng.
B. gim.
C. khng i.
D. c khi tng c khi gim.
Cu 22. Hin tng siu dn l hin tng m khi ta h nhit xung di nhit TC no
th in tr ca kim loi (hay hp kim)
A. tng n v cc.
B. gim n mt gi tr khc khng.
C. gim t ngt n gi tr bng khng.
D. khng thay i.
Cu 23. Khi vt dn trng thi siu dn, in tr ca n
A. v cng ln.
B. c gi tr m.
C. bng khng.
D. c gi tr dng xc nh.
Cu 24. Chn cu sai
A. iu kin bnh thng, khng kh l in mi.
B. Khi b t nng cht kh tr nn dn in.
C. Nh tc nhn ion ha, trong cht kh xut hin cc ht ti in.
D. Khi nhit h n di 0 0C cc cht kh dn in tt.
Cu 25. c th to ra s phng tia la in gia hai in cc t trong khng kh iu
kin thng th
A. hiu in th gia hai in cc khng nh hn 220 V.
B. hai in cc phi t rt gn nhau.
C. in trng gia hai in cc phi c cng trn 3.106V/m.
D. hai in cc phi lm bng kim loi.
Cu 26. Khi cht kh b t nng, cc ht ti in trong cht kh
A. ch l ion dng.
B. ch l electron.
C. ch l ion m.
D. l electron, ion dng v ion m.
Cu 27. Mt mi hn ca mt cp nhit in c h s nhit in ng T c t trong
khng kh 200 C, cn mi hn kia c nung nng n 5000 C, sut in ng nhit in
ca cp nhit in khi l 6 mV. H s nhit in ng ca cp nhit in l
A. 125.10-6 V/K.
B. 25.10-6 V/K.
C. 125.10-7 V/K.
D. 6,25.10-7 V/K.
73
Cu 28. to ra h quang in gia hai thanh than, lc u ngi ta cho hai thanh than tip
xc vi nhau sau tch chng ra. Vic lm trn nhm mc ch
A. to ra s pht x nhit electron.
B. cc thanh than nhim in tri du.
C. cc thanh than trao i in tch.
D. to ra hiu in th ln hn.
Cu 29. bn dn tinh khit
A. s electron t do lun nh hn s l trng. B. s electron t do lun ln hn s l trng.
C. s electron t do v s l trng bng nhau. D. tng s electron v l trng bng 0.
Cu 30. Lp chuyn tip p - n:
A. c in tr rt nh.
B. dn in tt theo mt chiu t p sang n.
C. khng cho dng in chy qua.
D. ch cho dng in chy theo chiu t n sang p.
Cu 31. Mt bnh in phn cha dung dch bc nitrat (AgNO3) c in tr 2,5 . Ant ca
bnh bng bc v hiu in th t vo hai in cc ca bnh in phn l 10 V. Bit bc c
A = 108 g/mol, c n = 1. Khi lng bc bm vo catt ca bnh in phn sau 16 pht 5
giy l
A. 4,32 mg.
B. 4,32 g.
C. 2,16 mg.
D. 2,14 g.
Cu 32. Mt dy bch kim 200 C c in tr sut 0 = 10,6.10-8 m. Tnh in tr sut
ca dy dn ny 5000 C. Bit h s nhit in tr ca bch kim l = 3,9.10-3 K-1.
A. = 31,27.10-8 m. B. = 20,67.10-8 m. C. = 30,44.10-8 m. D. = 34,28.10-8 m.
Cu 33. Mt bnh in phn ng dung dch ng sunfat (CuSO4) vi ant bng ng. Khi
cho dng in khng i chy qua bnh ny trong khong thi gian 30 pht, th thy khi
lng ng bm vo catt l 1,143 g. Bit ng c A = 63,5 g/mol, n = 1. Cng dng
in chy qua bnh in phn l
A. 1,93 mA.
B. 1,93 A.
C. 0,965 mA.
D. 0,965 A.
Cu 34. Mt mi hn ca cp nhit in c h s nhit nhit in ng T = 65 V/K t
trong khng kh 20 0C, cn mi hn kia c nung nng n nhit 232 0C. Sut nhit
in ng ca cp nhit in khi l
A. 13,00 mV.
B. 13,58 mV.
C. 13,98 mV.
D. 13,78 mV.
Cu 35. Tia la in hnh thnh do
A. Catt b cc ion dng p vo lm pht ra electron.
B. Catt b nung nng pht ra electron.
C. Qu trnh tao ra ht ti in nh in trng mnh.
D. Cht kh b ion ha do tc dng ca tc nhn ion ha.
Cu 36. in tr sut ca vt dn ph thuc vo
A. chiu di ca vt dn.
B. chiu di v tit din vt dn.
C. nhit v bn cht ca vt dn.
D. tit din ca vt dn.
Cu 37. Pht biu no di y khng ng vi kim loi?
A. in tr sut tng khi nhit tng.
B. Ht ti in l cc ion t do.
C. Khi nhit khng i, dng in tun theo nh lut m.
74
D. Mt ht ti in khng ph thuc vo nhit .

Cu 38. Mt bng n sng bnh thng hiu in th 220 V th dy tc c in tr xp x
970 . Hi bng n c th thuc loi no di y?
A. 220 V - 25 W.
B. 220 V - 50 W.
C. 220 V - 100 W.
D. 220 V - 200 W.
-3
Cu 39. ng lng in ha ca niken k = 0,3.10 g/C. Mt in lng 2C chy qua bnh
in phn c ant bng niken th khi lng ca niken bm vo catt l
A. 6.10-3 g.
B. 6.10-4 g.
C. 1,5.10-3 g.
D. 1,5.10-4 g.
Cu 40. Mt cp nhit in c u A t trong nc ang tan, cn u B cho vo nc
ang si, khi sut in ng nhit in l 2 mV. Nu a u B ra khng kh c nhit
200 C th sut in ng nhit in bng bao nhiu?
A. 4.10-3 V.
B. 4.10-4 V.
C. 10-3 V.
D. 10-4 V.
Cu 41. ng lng in ha ca ng l k = 3,3.10-7 kg/C. Mun cho trn catt ca bnh
in phn cha dung dch CuSO4, vi cc dng bng ng xut hin 16,5 g ng th in
lng chy qua bnh phi l
A. 5.103 C.
B. 5.104 C.
C. 5.105 C.
D. 5.106 C.
Cu 42. i vi dng in trong cht kh
A. Mun c qu trnh phng in t lc trong cht kh th phi c cc electron pht ra t
catt.
B. Mun c qu trnh phng in t lc trong cht kh, th catt phi c t nng .
C. Khi phng in h quang, cc ion trong khng kh n p vo catt lm catt pht ra
electron.
D. Hiu in th gia hai in cc to ra tia la in trong khng kh ch ph thuc vo
hnh dng in cc, khng ph thuc vo khong cch gia chng.
Cu 43. tin hnh cc php o cn thit cho vic xc nh ng lng in ha ca kim
loi no , ta cn phi s dng cc thit b
A. cn, ampe k, ng h bm giy.
B. cn, vn k, ng h bm giy.
C. vn k, m k, ng h bm giy.
D. ampe k, vn k, ng h bm giy.
Cu 44. Mt thanh kim loi c in tr 10 khi nhit 200 C, khi nhit l 1000 C th
in tr ca n l 12 . H s nhit in tr ca kim loi l
A. 2,5.10-3 K-1.
B. 2.10-3 K-1.
C. 5.10-3 K-1.
D. 10-3 K-1.
Cu 45. nhit 250 C, hiu in th gia hai u bng n l 20 V, cng dng in
l 8 A. Khi n sng bnh thng, cng dng in vn l 8 A, nhit ca bng n khi
l 26440 C. Hi hiu in th hai u bng n lc l bao nhiu? Bit h s nhit in
tr ca dy tc bng n l 4,2.10-3 K-1.
A. 240 V.
B. 300 V.
C. 250 V.
D. 200 V.
Cu 46. Lp chuyn tip p-n c tnh dn in
A. tt khi dng in i t n sang p v rt km khi dng in i t p sang n.
B. tt khi dng in i t p sang n v khng tt khi dng in i t n sang p.
C. tt khi dng in i t p sang n cng nh khi dng in i t n sang p.
D. khng tt khi dng in i t p sang n cng nh khi dng in i t n sang p.
75
Cu 47. Cu no di y ni v tp cht no v tp cht axepto trong bn dn l khng

ng?
A. Tp cht no lm tng cc electron dn trong bn dn tnh khit.
B. Tp cht axepto lm tng cc l trng trong bn dn tinh khit.
C. Tp cht axepto lm tng cc electron trong bn dn tinh khit.
D. Bn dn tinh khit khng pha tp cht th mt electron t do v cc l trng tng
ng nhau.
P N
1C. 2A. 3C. 4C. 5B. 6C. 7C. 8D. 9D. 10C. 11B. 12B. 13C. 14B. 15C. 16D. 17C. 18C. 19A.
20B. 21B. 22C. 23C. 24D. 25C. 26D. 27C. 28A. 29C. 30B. 31B. 32C. 33B. 34D. 35C. 36C.
37B. 38B. 39B. 40B. 41B. 42C. 43A. 44A. 45A. 46B. 47C.
76
77

Giao Trinh Day Them Ly 11 Tap 1

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Giao Trinh Day Them Ly 11 Tap 1

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MC LC

Bin son: Kiu Quang V - GV Tr. THPT NC

Chng 1: IN TCH IN TRNG

+ q1, q2 l hai in tch im.

* Trong mi trng in mi lc tng tc in gia hai in tch im nh hn trong mi

- n v cng in trng l V/m.

- Tnh cht ca ng sc:

- Ch c hiu in th gia hai im trong in trng mi c gi tr xc nh cn in th

mt hiu in th nht nh.

+ d l khong cch gia hai bn

- Nng lng t in tch in: W = QU = . = CU2.

Bin son: Kiu Quang V - GV Tr. THPT NC

+ q1, q2 l hai in tch im.

+ Tnh lc do q1 tc dng ln q0: F10 = k.

+ Tnh lc do q2 tc dng ln q0: F20 = k.

* Bc 3: Tnh ln lc in tng hp tc dng ln q0:

Trong trng hp F10 = F20 th F0 = 2F10cos( )

* tnh nhanh gi tr F0 nu xc nh c F10, F20 v th ta c th p dng my tnh

Bin son: Kiu Quang V - GV Tr. THPT NC

b) Khi cho hai qu cu tip xc vi nhau ri tch ra th theo nh lut bo in tch

Lc tng tc in gia chng by gi l lc ht v c ln:

Bi 2: Hai in tch q1 v q2 t cch nhau 20 cm trong khng kh, chng y nhau vi mt

V q1 v q2 cng du |q1q2| = q1q2 = 8.10-12 (1)

V q1 v q2 tri du nn: |q1q2| = - q1q2 = 12.10-12 (1)

V q1 > 0, q2 nn q1 = 2.10-6 C; q2 = - 6.10-6 C.

V q1 v q2 tri du nn: |q1q2| = - q1q2 = 12.10-12 (1)

Khi cho in tch tip xc v tch ra th ta c: q' =

T (1) v (2) ta thy q1 v q2 l nghim ca cc phng trnh:

Bi 7: Ti 2 im A, B cch nhau 10 cm trong khng kh, t 2 in tch q1 = q2 = - 6.10-6 C.

Bi 8: Ti hai im A v B cch nhau 20 cm trong khng kh, t hai in tch q1 = -3.10-6C,

Bin son: Kiu Quang V - GV Tr. THPT NC

Vy Q phi t cch q khong cch v cch 4q khong cch

Bin son: Kiu Quang V - GV Tr. THPT NC

DNG 2: VN DNG NH LUT II NEWTON

nhim in tch , chng y nhau v khi v tr cn bng mi qu cu s

chu tc dng ca 3 lc: trng lc , lc tnh in v sc cng si dy

- Chiu ln phng thng ng: P = Tcos (1)

- Chiu ln phng thng ng: F = Tsin (2)

T (1) v (2) tan =

Nn t (3) v (4) c: |q| =

Bi 2: Hai qu cu nh c cng khi lng m, cng in tch q, c treo trong khng kh

Bin son: Kiu Quang V - GV Tr. THPT NC

- Chiu ln phng thng ng: P = Tcos (1)

- Chiu ln phng thng ng: F = Tsin (2)

T (1) v (2) tan = =

Mt khc, v r << l nn l rt nh nn: tan sin =

T (3) v (4) suy ra |q| =

b) Thay s: |q| = 1,2.10-8 C.

Bin son: Kiu Quang V - GV Tr. THPT NC

DNG 3: CNG IN TRNG.

- Trng hp c lin quan n lc in v cng in trng ta p dng cng thc:

+ Nu q1 < 0 th 1 c im t ti M hng + Nu q2 < 0 th 2 c im t ti M hng

tnh cc gi tr ca cc cng in trng thnh phn.

Trong trng hp E1 = E2 th E = 2E1cos( )

c) Loi 3: Xc nh v tr t M cng in trng ti M bng 0

Cng in trng tng hp ti C do cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra l:

Lc in trng tng hp do q1 v q3 tc dng ln q3 l:

Cng in trng tng hp ti C do cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra l:

Lc in trng tng hp do q1 v q3 tc dng ln q3 l:

Cng in trng tng hp ti C do cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra l:

Tam gic ABC vung ti C. Cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra ti C cc

Cng in trng tng hp ti C do cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra l:

Cng in trng tng hp ti C do cc in tch q1 v q2 gy ra l:

Vy M nm cch A: 30 cm v cch B: 15 cm.