TABLE G2.

OVERVIEW OF ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS THAT CAN BE

USED TO IDENTIFY AND QUANTIFY CONSTITUENTS ASSOCIATED WITH
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING ACTIVITIES
MDL
Type of Analyte
Analytical Instrument(s)
Range*
Volatile organics
Water-soluble organics
Unknown organic compounds
Metals, minerals
Transition metals, isotopes

GC/MS: gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer

GC/MS/MS: gas chromatograph/mass
spectrometer/ mass spectrometer
LC/MS/MS: liquid chromatograph/mass
spectrometer/mass spectrometer
LC/TOF: liquid chromatograph/time-of-flight
mass spectrometer
ICP: inductively coupled plasma
GFAA: graphite furnace atomic absorption
ICP/MS: inductively coupled plasma/mass
spectrometer
LC/ICP/MS: liquid chromatograph/inductively
coupled plasma/mass spectrometer

Redox-sensitive metal
species, oxyanion speciation,
thioarsenic speciation, etc.
Ions (charged elements or
IC: ion chromatograph
compounds)
*The minimum detection limit, which depends on the targeted analyte.

0.2510 g/L
0.010.025
g/L
5 g/L
1100 g/L
0.51 g/L
0.510 g/L
0.510 g/L
0.11 mg/L