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Mechanical Vibrations (ME 65) Chapter-8 Multi Degree of Freedom Systems
Mechanical Vibrations (ME 65) Chapter-8 Multi Degree of Freedom Systems
CHAPTER-8
MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS
Topics covered:
Influence co-efficents
Approximate methods
(i) Dunkerleys method
(ii) Rayleighs method
Influence co-efficients
Numerical methods
(i) Matrix iteration method
(ii) Stodolas method
(iii) Holzars method
1. Influence co-efficents
It is the influence of unit displacement at one point on the forces at various points of a
multi-DOF system.
OR
It is the influence of unit Force at one point on the displacements at various points of
a multi-DOF system.
The equations of motion of a multi-degree freedom system can be written in terms of
influence co-efficients. A set of influence co-efficents can be associated with each of
matrices involved in the equations of motion.
[M]{&x&} + [K ]{x} = [0]
For a simple linear spring the force necessary to cause unit elongation is referred as
stiffness of spring. For a multi-DOF system one can express the relationship between
displacement at a point and forces acting at various other points of the system by
using influence co-efficents referred as stiffness influence coefficents
The equations of motion of a multi-degree freedom system can be written in terms of
inverse of stiffness matrix referred as flexibility influence co-efficients.
Matrix of flexibility influence co-efficients = [K ]1
The elements corresponds to inverse mass matrix are referred as flexibility
mass/inertia co-efficients.
Matrix of flexibility mass/inertia co-efficients = [M]1
The flexibility influence co-efficients are popular as these coefficents give elements
of inverse of stiffness matrix. The flexibility mass/inertia co-efficients give elements
of inverse of mass matrix
{F} = [K ]{x}
k11 k12 k13
[K ] = k 21 k 22 k 32
k 31 k 32 k 33
wher, k11, ..k33 are referred as stiffness influence coefficients
k11-stiffness influence coefficient at point 1 due to a unit deflection at point 1
k21- stiffness influence coefficient at point 2 due to a unit deflection at point 1
k31- stiffness influence coefficient at point 3 due to a unit deflection at point 1
Example-1.
Obtain the stiffness coefficients of the system shown in Fig.1.
K1
k11
K1
m1
x1=1 Unit
K12
m2
m3
m1
x1=0
x1=0
K2
x2=0
k22
m2
K3
k31
k13
m1
K2
k21
K1
K2
x2=1 Unit
k23
m2
K3
x3=0
(a)
k32
m3
(b)
x2=0
K3
k33
m3
x3=0
x3=1 Unit
(c)
k11 = K1 + K 2
k 21 = K 2
k 31 = 0
II-step:
Apply 1 unit deflection at point 2 as shown in Fig.1(b) and write the force equilibrium
equations. We get,
k12 = -K 2
k 22 = K 2 + K 3
k 31 = -K 3
III-step:
Apply 1 unit deflection at point 3 as shown in Fig.1(c) and write the force equilibrium
equations. We get,
k13 = 0
k 23 = -K 3
k 33 = K 3
- K2
(K 2 + K 3 )
- K3
0
- K 3
K 3
From stiffness coefficients K matrix can be obtained without writing Eqns. of motion.
Flexibility influence co-efficents.
{F} = [K ]{x}
{x} = [K ]1 {F}
{x} = []{F}
where, [] - Matrix of Flexibility influence co-efficents given by
11 12
[] = 21 22
31 32
13
32
33
I-step:
Apply 1 unit Force at point 1 as shown in Fig.2(a) and write the force equilibrium
equations. We get,
1
11 = 21 = 31 =
K1
II-step:
Apply 1 unit Force at point 2 as shown in Fig.2(b) and write the force equilibrium
equations. We get,
1
1
22 = 32 =
+
K1 K 2
III-step:
Apply 1 unit Force at point 3 as shown in Fig.2(c) and write the force equilibrium
equations. We get,
1
1
23 =
+
K1 K 2
33 =
1
1
1
+
+
K1 K 2 K 3
Therefore,
11 = 21 = 12 = 31 = 13 ==
22 = 32 = 23 =
33 =
1
K1
1
1
+
K1 K 2
1
1
1
+
+
K1 K 2 K 3
K1
F1=0
m1
K1
x1=11
F1=0
m2
m1
x1=12
x1=13
K2
x2=21
F2=1
m2
K3
F3=0
F1=0
m1
K2
F2=1
K1
K2
x2=22
F2=1
m2
K3
m3
x3=31
(a)
F3=0
K3
m3
x3=32
(b)
x2=23
F3=0
m3
x3=33
(c)
1
1
=
K1 K
1 1
2
+ =
K K K
1 1 1
3
= + + =
K K K K
22 = 32 = 23 =
33
11 12
[] = 21 22
31 32
13
32
33
1 1 1
1
[] = 1 2 2
K
1 2 3
[] = [K ]1
In Vibration analysis if there is need of [K ]1 one can use flexibility co-efficent matrix.
Example-3
Obtain of the Flexibility influence co-efficents of the pendulum system shown in the
Fig.3.
T
l
l
11
m
F=1
m
l
m
l
l
m
Fig.3 Pendulum system
m
Fig.4 Flexibility influence
co-efficents
I-step:
Apply 1 unit Force at point 1 as shown in Fig.4 and write the force equilibrium
equations. We get,
Prof. S. K. Kudari, Principal
T sin = l
T cos = g(m + m + m) = 3mg
tan =
1
3mg
11
l
11 = l sin
11 =
l
3mg
33 =
l
5mg
11l
6mg
11l
6mg
Approximate methods
In many engineering problems it is required to quickly estimate the first
(fundamental) natural frequency. Approximate methods like Dunkerleys method,
Rayleighs method are used in such cases.
(i) Dunkerleys method
Dunkerleys formula can be determined by frequency equation,
2 [M] + [K ] = [0]
[K ] + 2 [M] = [0]
1
[]I + [K ]1[M] = [0]
2
1
[]I + [][M] = [0]
2
1 0 1 .
2
.
0 0 .
.
.
.
12m 2
2 + 11m1
0
2 + 22m2
.
.
n1m1
n2m 2
1n m1 0
2n 0 m2
.
nn 0
0
0
. 0
= [0]
. mn
.
.
2nmn
= [0]
.
.
. 2 + nnmn
1nmn
n 1
1
1
2 (11m1 + 22m2 + ... + nnmn ) 2
(1122m1m2 + 1133m1m3 + ... + nnmn + ...) = [0]
(1)
It is the polynomial equation of nth degree in (1/2). Let the roots of above Eqn. are:
1 1
1
, 2 , ...... 2
2
1 2
n
1
1
1 1
1
1
2 , 2 2 , ...... 2 2
2
1
2
n
1
1
1
1 1
= 2 2 + 2 + ...... + 2 2
n
1 2
(2)
n 1
... = 0
1
1
1
2 + 2 + ...... + 2 = (11m1 + 22m2 + ... + nnmn )
n
1 2
In mechanical systems higher natural frequencies are much larger than the
fundamental (first) natural frequencies. Approximately, the first natural frequency is:
1
2 (11m1 + 22m2 + ... + nnmn )
1
The above formula is referred as Dunkerleys formula, which can be used to estimate
first natural frequency of a system approximately.
The natural frequency of the system considering only mass m1 is:
1n =
1
=
11m1
K1
m1
(3)
K
m
x1
K
m
x2
K
x3
Fig.5 Linear vibratory system
Dunkerleys formula is:
1
2 (11m1 + 22m2 + ... + nnmn ) OR
1
1
1
1
1
2 + 2 + ...... + 2
2
1
1n 2n
nn
Any one of the above formula can be used to find fundamental natural frequency
approximately.
Find influence flexibility coefficients.
1
11 = 21 = 12 = 31 = 13 =
K
2
22 = 32 = 23 =
K
3
33 =
K
Substitute all influence coefficients in the Dunkerleys formula.
1
2 (11m1 + 22m2 + ... + nnmn )
1
Prof. S. K. Kudari, Principal
1 m 2m 3m 6m
2 +
+
=
K
K
K
1 K
1= 0.40 K/m rad/s
Examples: 2
Find the lowest natural frequency of the system shown in Figure by Dunkerleys
method. Take m1=100 kg, m2=50 kg
VTU Exam July/Aug 2006 for 20 Marks
180
m1
m2
2
120
11 =
1.944x10 -3
EI
22 =
9x10 -3
EI
1
2 (11m1 + 22m2 )
n
n = 1.245 rad/s
(ii) Rayleighs method
It is an approximate method of finding fundamental natural frequency of a system
using energy principle. This principle is largely used for structural applications.
Principle of Rayleighs method
Consider a rotor system as shown in Fig.7. Let, m1, m2 and m3 are masses of rotors on
shaft supported by two bearings at A and B and y1, y2 and y3 are static deflection of
shaft at points 1, 2 and 3.
m1
m2
m3
y1
y2
10
y3
1 n
migyi
2 i =1
Tmax =
1 n
mi y& i2
2 i =1
(4)
Tmax =
2
2
my
i
2
i
(5)
i =1
(6)
m gy
i
2 =
i =1
n
(7)
mi yi2
i =1
11
Examples: 1
Estimate the approximate fundamental natural frequency of the system shown in Fig.8
using Rayleighs method. Take: m=1kg and K=1000 N/m.
2K
2m
x1
K
2m
x2
K
x3
1
2K
3
2K
5
2K
Deflection at point 1 is:
33 =
12
m gy
i
i =1
n
m y
i
2
i
i =1
5
11
13 2
+ 2x
+ 2x
2x
g
2000
2000
2000
2
=
2
2
2
5
11
13 2
2
+ 2
+ 2
g
2000
2000
2000
= 12.41 rad/s
Examples: 2
Find the lowest natural frequency of transverse vibrations of the system shown in
Fig.9 by Rayleighs method.
E=196 GPa, I=10-6 m4, m1=40 kg, m2=20 kg
VTU Exam July/Aug 2005 for 20 Marks
m1
m2
2
A
160
180
80
b
l
13
0.265
EI
0.29
EI
0.538
EI
0.53
EI
m gy
i
2 =
i =1
n
my
i
2
i
i =1
2 =
9.81(40x0.803 + 20x0.82 )
(40x0.803 2 ) + (20x0.82 2 )
n = 1541.9 rad/s
14
Numerical methods
(i) Matrix iteration method
Using this method one can obtain natural frequencies and modal vectors of a vibratory
system having multi-degree freedom.
It is required to have 1< 2<.< n
Eqns. of motion of a vibratory system (having n DOF) in matrix form can be written
as:
[M]{&x&} + [K ]{x} = [0]
where,
{x} = {A}sin(t + )
(8)
(9)
th
[K ]1[M]{A}r
[D]{A}r
1
{A}r
r2
1
{A}r
r2
(10)
(11)
22 = 32 = 23 =
1
2K
3
2K
33 =
15
5
2K
11 12
[] = 21 22
31 32
[] = [K ]
13
32
33
1 1 1
1
=
1 3 3
2K
1 3 5
[D]{A}r
1
{A}r
r2
1 1 1 2 0 0
2 2 1
m
m
[D] = 1 3 3 0 2 0 = 2 6 3
2K
2K
1 3 5 0 0 1
2 6 5
Use basic Eqn to obtain first frequency
[D]{A}1 = 12 {A}1
r
Assume trial vector and substitute in the above Eqn.
First Iteration
2 2 1 1
1
m
5m
[D]{u}1 = 2 6 3 1 =
2.2
2K
2K
2 6 5 1
2.6
As the new vector is not matching with the assumed one, iterate again using the new
vector as assumed vector in next iteration.
16
Second Iteration
[D]{u}2
2 2 1 1
1
m
4.5m
2 6 3 2.2 =
=
2.55
K
2K
2 6 5 2.6
3.13
Third Iteration
[D]{u}3
2 2 1 1
1
m
5.12m
2 6 3 2.555 =
=
2.61
2K
K
2 6 5 3.133
3.22
Fourth Iteration
2 2 1 1
1
m
5.22m
[D]{u}4 = 2 6 3 2.61 =
2.61
2K
K
2 6 5 3.22
3.23
As the vectors are matching stop iterating. The new vector is the modal vector.
To obtain the natural frequency,
1
1
5.22m
[D] 2.61 =
2.61
K
3.22
3.23
1 K
5.22 m
1 = 0.437
K
Rad/s
m
{A}1
= 2.61
3.23
17
b1
b2
{b} =
a1
a2
{a} =
x1
Fig.11 Vector representation graphically
Consider two vectors shown in Fig.11. Vectors {a} and
{a}T {b} = 0
{a1
b
a2 } 1 = 0
b2
{a1
1 0 b1
a 2 }
= 0
0 1 b 2
(12)
identity matrix.
Application of orthogonality principle in vibration analysis
Eqns. of motion of a vibratory system (having n DOF) in matrix form can be written
as:
[M]{&x&} + [K ]{x} = [0]
{x} = {A}sin(t + )
2 [M]{A}1 + [K ]{A}1 = [0]
Prof. S. K. Kudari, Principal
18
2 [M]{A}1 = [K ]{A }1
(13)
22 [M]{A}2 = [K ]{A}2
(14)
(15)
(16)
Eqn.(15)-(16)
{A}1T [M]{A}2
=0
{A}1T [K ]{A}2
=0
{V}1T [M]{A}1 = 0
{V1
V2
0 A1
m1 0
V3 } 0 m2 0 A 2 = 0
0
0 m3 A 3
m A
= 2 2
m1A 1
m A
= 3 3
m1A 1
Therefore the trial vector is:
Prof. S. K. Kudari, Principal
19
V1 (V2 + V3 )
V2
V2 =
V3
3
0 V1
= 0 1 0 V2
0 0 1 V3
= [S]{V}1
where = [S] is referred as Sweeping matrix and {V}1 is the trial vector.
New dynamics matrix is:
[Ds ] + [D][S]
[Ds ]{V}1 =
1
{A}2
22
The above Eqn. Converges to second natural frequency and second modal vector.
This method of obtaining frequency and modal vectors between first and the last one
is referred as sweeping technique.
Examples: 2
For the Example problem 1, Find second natural frequency and modal vector of the
system shown in the Fig.10 using matrix iteration method and Sweeping technique.
Use flexibility influence co-efficients.
For this example already the first frequency and modal vectors are obtained by matrix
iteration method in Example 1. In this stage only how to obtain second frequency is
demonstrated.
First Modal vector obtained in Example 1 is:
{A}1
A1 1
= A 2 = 2.61
A 3.23
3
2 0 0
[M] = 0 2 0 is the mass matrix
0 0 1
Find sweeping matrix
0
[S] = 0 1 0
0 0 1
m A
2(2.61)
= 2 2 =
= 2.61
2(1)
m1A1
Prof. S. K. Kudari, Principal
20
m A
1(3.23)
= 1.615
= 3 3 =
2(1)
m1A 1
Sweeping matrix is:
0 - 2.61 - 1.615
[S] = 0 1
0
0
0
1
New Dynamics matrix is:
[Ds ] + [D][S]
2 2 1 0 - 2.61 - 1.615
0 1.61 1.11
m
m
[Ds ] = 2 6 3 0 1
0 =
0 0.39 0.11
2K
K
1 3 5 0
0 0.39
0
1
1.89
First Iteration
[Ds ]{V}1 =
1
{A}2
22
0 1.61 1.11 1
- 2.27
- 9.71
m
m
0.28m
K
K
K
0 0.39
1.89 1
2.28
8.14
Second Iteration
m
0.5m
K
K
K
0 0.39
1.89 8.14
15.77
31.54
Third Iteration
m
3.85m
K
K
K
0 0.39
1.89 31.54
59.52
15.38
Fourth Iteration
m
2.08m
K
K
K
0 0.39
1.89 15.38
28.67
13.78
Fifth Iteration
m
1.90m
0
0.39
0.11
1
=
1.90
=
1
K
K
K
0 0.39
1.89 13.78
25.65
13.5
Sixth Iteration
21
m
1.87m
K
K
K
0 0.39
1.89 13.5
25.12
13.43
1087m
1
=
2
2
K
12 =
1 K
1.87 m
1 = 0.73
K
m
Modal vector
-1
{A}2 = - 0.14
1.89
Similar manner the next frequency and modal vectors can be obtained.
22
x1 1
x 2 = 1
x 1
3
2. Find out inertia forces of system at each mass point,
F1 = m1 2 x1 for Mass 1
F2 = m 2 2 x 2 for Mass 2
F3 = m 3 2 x 3 for Mass 3
3. Find new deflection vector using flexibility influence coefficients, using the
formula,
x1 F111 + F212 + F3 13
x2 = F121 + F222 + F3 23
x F + F + F
2 32
3 33
3 1 31
4. If assumed modal vector is equal to modal vector obtained in step 3, then solution
is converged. Natural frequency can be obtained from above equation, i.e
x1 x1
If x 2 x2 Stop iterating.
x x
3 3
Find natural frequency by first equation,
x1 = 1 = F111 + F212 + F3 13
5. If assumed modal vector is not equal to modal vector obtained in step 3, then
consider obtained deflection vector as new vector and iterate till convergence.
Example-1
Find the fundamental natural frequency and modal vector of a vibratory system shown
in Fig.10 using Stodolas method.
First iteration
Prof. S. K. Kudari, Principal
23
x1 1
1. Assume a modal vector of system {u}1 = x 2 = 1
x 1
3
2. Find out inertia forces of system at each mass point
F1 = m1 2 x1 = 2m 2
F2 = m 2 2 x 2 = 2m 2
F3 = m 3 2 x 3 = m 2
1
2K
3
2K
5
2K
x1 = F111 + F212 + F3 13
x1 =
m 2 m 2 m 2 5m 2
+
+
=
K
K
2K
2K
x2 = F1 21 + F2 22 + F3 23
x2 =
m 2 6m 2 3m 2 11m 2
+
+
=
K
2K
2K
2K
x3 = F131 + F232 + F3 33
m 2 6m 2 5m 2 13m 2
+
+
=
K
2K
2K
2K
4. New deflection vector is:
x3 =
x1
5
m2
x2 =
11
2K
x
13
3
x1
5m 2
x2 =
2K
x
3
1
2.2 = {u}2
2.6
The new deflection vector {u}2 {u}1 . Iterate again using new deflection vector {u}2
Second iteration
Prof. S. K. Kudari, Principal
24
x1 1
1. Initial vector of system {u}2 = x2 = 2.2
x 2.6
3
2. Find out inertia forces of system at each mass point
F1 = m1 2 x1 = 2m 2
F2 = m 2 2 x 2 = 4.4m 2
F3 = m 3 2 x3 = 2.6m 2
m2 4.4m 2 2.6m 2 9m 2
+
+
=
K
2K
2K
2K
x2 = F1 21 + F2 22 + F3 23
x1 =
m2 13.2m 2 7.8m 2
23m 2
+
+
=
K
2K
2K
2K
x3 = F131 + F2 32 + F3 33
x2 =
x1
9
m2
x2 =
23
2K
x
28.2
3
x1
9m2
x2 =
2K
x
3
2.55 = {u}3
3.13
The new deflection vector {u}3 {u}2 . Iterate again using new deflection vector {u}3
Third iteration
x1 1
F2 = m22 x2 = 5.1m2
Prof. S. K. Kudari, Principal
25
F3 = m32 x3 = 3.13m2
m2 15.3m 2 9.39m 2
26.69m 2
+
+
=
K
2K
2K
2K
x3 = F131 + F232 + F333
x2 =
m2 15.3m 2 16.5m 2
28.2m 2
+
+
=
K
2K
2K
2K
4. New deflection vector is:
x3 =
x1
10.23
2
m
x2 =
26.69
2K
x
3
33.8
x1
2
10.23m
x
=
2
2K
x
3
2.60 = {u}4
3.30
10.23m 2
=1
2K
= 0.44
K
rad/s
m
{A}1
= 2.60
3.30
26
Example-2
For the system shown in Fig.12 find the lowest natural frequency by Stodolas method
(carryout two iterations)
July/Aug 2005 VTU for 10 marks
3K
4m
x1
K
2m
x2
K
x3
1
3K
4
3K
7
3K
First iteration
33 =
x1 1
1. Assume a modal vector of system {u}1 = x 2 = 1
x 1
3
2. Find out inertia forces of system at each mass point
F1 = m1 2 x1 = 4m 2
F2 = m 2 2 x 2 = 2m 2
F3 = m 3 2 x 3 = m 2
x1 =
4m 2 2m 2 m2 7m 2
+
+
=
3K
3K
3K
3K
27
x2 = F1 21 + F2 22 + F3 23
x2 =
4m 2 8m 2 4m 2 16m 2
+
+
=
3K
3K
3K
3K
x3 = F131 + F232 + F3 33
4m 2 8m 2 7m 2 19m 2
+
+
=
3K
3K
3K
3K
4. New deflection vector is:
x3 =
x1
7
2
m
x2 =
16
3K
x
3
19
x1
2
7m
x
=
2
3K
x
3
2.28 = {u}2
2.71
The new deflection vector {u}2 {u}1 . Iterate again using new deflection vector {u}2
Second iteration
x1 1
x1 =
4m 2 18.24m 2 18.97m 2
41.21m 2
+
+
=
3K
3K
3K
3K
4. New deflection vector is:
x3 =
28
x1
11.27
2
m
x2 =
33.08
3K
x
3
41.21
x1
2
3.75m
x2 =
K
x
3
2.93 = {u}3
3.65
Stop Iterating as it is asked to carry only two iterations. The Fundamental natural
frequency can be calculated by,
3.75m 2
=1
2K
= 0.52
K
m
Modal vector,
{A}1
= 2.93
3.65
29
J2
1 K 1
J4
J3
2 K 2
3 K 3
&& + K ( ) + K ( ) = 0
J2
2
1
2
1
2
2
3
&& + K ( ) + K ( ) = 0
J3
3
2
3
2
3
3
4
&& + K ( ) = 0
J4
4
3
4
3
The Motion is harmonic,
i = isin(t )
(17)
where i=1,2,3,4
Substitute above Eqn.(17) in Eqns. of motion, we get,
2J11 = K 1(1 2 )
(18)
2 J 2 2 = K 1 ( 2 1 ) + K 2 ( 2 3 )
2J3 3 = K 2 ( 3 2 ) + K 3 ( 3 4 )
2 J 4 4 + K 3 ( 4 3 )
(19)
J
2
=0
i =1
J
2
=0
(20)
i =1
The above equation indicates that sum of inertia torques (torsional systems) or inertia
forces (linear systems) is equal to zero for semi-definite systems.
30
In Eqn. (20) and i both are unknowns. Using this Eqn. one can obtain natural
frequencies and modal vectors by assuming a trial frequency and amplitude 1 so
that the above Eqn is satisfied.
Steps involved
1. Assume magnitude of a trial frequency
2. Assume amplitude of first disc/mass (for simplicity assume 1=1
3. Calculate the amplitude of second disc/mass 2 from first Eqn. of motion
2J11 = K 1(1 2 ) = 0
2 = 1
2J11
K1
4. Similarly calculate the amplitude of third disc/mass 3 from second Eqn. of motion.
2 J 2 2 = K 1 ( 2 1 ) + K 2 ( 2 3 ) = 0
2J1 1
1 ) + K 2 ( 2 3 ) = 0
K1
2J2 2 = K 1(1
2J2 2 = 2 J1 1 + K 2 ( 2 3 ) = 0
K 2 ( 2 3 ) = 2J1 1 + 2J2 2
3 = 2 -
2J1 1 + 2 J2 2
K2
(21)
J
i
i =1
3 = 2 -
K2
5. Similarly calculate the amplitude of nth disc/mass n from (n-1)th Eqn. of motion
is:
n
J
i
n = n -1 -
i =1
Kn
J
2
=0
i =1
7. If the above Eqn. is satisfied, then assumed is the natural frequency, if the Eqn is
not satisfied, then assume another magnitude of and follow the same steps.
For ease of computations, Prepare the following table, this facilitates the calculations.
Table-1. Holzars Table
Prof. S. K. Kudari, Principal
S No
J2
J
2
31
8
1
J2
Example-1
For the system shown in the Fig.16, obtain natural frequencies using Holzars method.
J1
J2
1 K 1
J3
2 K 2
S No
J2
8
1
J2
K
0.0625
0.0625
0.0625
0.9375
0.0585
0.121
0.121
0.816
0.051
0.172
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.75
0.19
0.44
0.44
0.31
0.07
0.51
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.44
0.24
0.80
0.80
-0.36
-0.20
0.60
I-iteration
0.25
II-iteration
0.50
III-iteration
0.75
IV-iteration
1.00
-1
-1
1.56
1.56
1.56
-0.56
-0.87
0.69
0.69
-1.25
-1.95
-1.26
2.25
2.25
2.25
-1.25
-2.82
-0.57
-0.57
-0.68
-1.53
-2.10
3.06
3.06
3.06
-2.06
-6.30
-3.24
-3.24
1.18
3.60
0.36
32
V-iteration
1.25
VI-iteration
1.50
VII-iteration
1.75
J
2
0.25
0.17
0.5
0.51
0.75
0.6
1.25
-1.26
1.5
-2.1
1.75
0.36
33
J
2
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
-2.5
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
Frequency,
Fig.15. Holzars plot of Table-3
1 = 0
rad/s
2 = 1 rad/s
3 = 1.71 rad/s
Definite systems
The procedure discussed earlier is valid for semi-definite systems. If a system is
definite the basic equation Eqn. (20) is not valid. It is well-known that for definite
systems, deflection at fixed point is always ZERO. This principle is used to obtain the
natural frequencies of the system by iterative process. The Example-2 demonstrates
the method.
34
Example-2
For the system shown in the figure estimate natural frequencies using Holzars
method.
July/Aug 2005 VTU for 20 marks
3K
2K
2J
3J
S No
J2
3
4
8
1
J2
K
0.1875
0.1875
0.1875
0.8125
0.1015
0.289
0.1445
0.6679
0.0417
0.330
0.110
0. 557
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.25
0.125
0.875
0.437
-0.187
-0.046
0.828
0.27
-0.463
1.687
1.687
1.687
-0.687
-0.772
0.914
0.457
-1.144
-0.643
0.270
0.090
-1.234
-2
-4
-1
-0.5
I-iteration
0.25
II-iteration
0.50
III-iteration
0.75
IV-iteration
1.00
-1.5
-1.5
-2.5
-0.833
-0.667
4.687
4.687
4.687
-3.687
-11.521
-6.825
-3.412
-0.274
-0.154
-6.979
-2.326
2.172
6.75
6.75
6.75
-5.75
-25.875
-19.125
-9.562
3.31
8.572
-10.552
-3.517
7.327
S No
J2
9.18
9.18
9.18
-8.18
-50.06
-40.88
-20.44
12.260
37.515
-3.364
-1.121
13.38
12
12
12
-11
-88
-76
-38
-27
108
32
10.66
16.33
18.75
18.75
18.75
-17.75
-221.87
-203.12
-101.56
83.81
523.82
320.70
106.90
-23.09
35
V-iteration
1.25
VI-iteration
1.50
J
2
1
J2
VII-iteration
1.75
VIII-iteration
2.0
IX-iteration
2.5
36
0.25
0.557
0.5
-0.463
0.75
-1.234
-0.667
1.25
2.172
1.5
7.372
1.75
13.38
16.33
2.5
-23.09
Displacement, 4
20
10
-10
-20
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Frequency,
Fig.17. Holzars plot of Table-5
From the above Graph, the values of natural frequencies are:
1 = 0.35
rad/s
2 = 1.15
rad/s
3 = 2.30
rad/s