MC LC

LI NI U ............................................................................................................1
PHN 1 - TNG QUAN ............................................................................................2
1.1. GII THIU CHUNG .......................................................................................2
1.2. KHI NIM V SY ........................................................................................3
1.2.1. Khi nim ..........................................................................................................3
1.2.2. Phn loi ............................................................................................................3
1.2.3. Nguyn l ca qu trnh sy...............................................................................4
1.3. CHN TC NHN SY, CHT TI NHIT V CH SY ..............7
1.3.1. Tc nhn sy ......................................................................................................7
1.3.2. Cc loi tc nhn sy .........................................................................................8
1.3.3. Ch sy .........................................................................................................9
1.3.4. Thit b sy v ch sy .................................................................................9
1.4. GII THIU V SN PHM SY ...............................................................10
1.5. CHN PHNG N SY V THIT B SY ..........................................12
1.5.1. Chn phng n sy ........................................................................................12
1.5.2. Chn thit b sy..............................................................................................13
PHN 2 - QUY TRNH CNG NGH ...................................................................16
2.1. S QUY TRNH CNG NGH..............................................................16
2.2. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH .............................................16
2.2.1. Vt liu ............................................................................................................16
2.2.2. Tc nhn sy ....................................................................................................17
PHN 3 - TNH TON CN BNG VT CHT V CN BNG NNG
LNG .....................................................................................................................19
3.1. CC THNG S .............................................................................................19
3.2. CNG THC XC NH THNG S CA TC NHN SY ............19
3.3. XC NH CC THNG S TRNG THI TC NHN SY TRONG
QU TRNH SY L THUYT ..........................................................................20

3.3.1. Thng s trng thi ca khng kh ngoi tri (A) ...........................................20

3.3.2. Thng s trng thi ca tc nhn sy vo thng sy (B) ................................21
3.3.3. Thng s trng thi ca tc nhn sy ra khi thng sy (C) ...........................21
3.4. TNH CN BNG VT CHT .....................................................................24
3.5. XC NH CC THNG S TRNG THI CA TC NHN SY
TRONG QU TRNH THC T .........................................................................24
3.5.1. Cn bng nng lng chung cho qu trnh sy ...............................................24
3.5.2. Cn bng nhit lng vo v ra h thng sy .................................................25
PHN 4: TNH TON THIT B............................................................................29
4.1. TNH TON THNG QUAY ........................................................................29
4.1.1. Th tch thng sy tnh theo l thuyt .............................................................29
4.1.2. Tnh tc tc nhn sy..................................................................................31
PHN 5: TNH TON THIT B PH ..................................................................33
5.1. TNH VNH AI V CON LN ..................................................................33
5.2. THIT K B PHN TRUYN NG CHO THNG ............................35
5.3. CHN CALORIFE CP NHIT ..................................................................44
5.4. CHN QUT ...................................................................................................45
PHN V - KT LUN .............................................................................................47
TI LIU THAM KHO .........................................................................................48

 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

LI NI U
T lu, con ngi bit sy kh vt liu bng nhiu cch khc
nhau.Ngy nay, k thut sn xut pht trin v vai tr ca ngnh sy cng tr
nn quan trng vic sy kh m bo, tang thi gian bo qun thc
phm.Nn n c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip v i sng.Trong
qu trnh cng ngh sn xut ca nhiu nh my u phi c cng on sy
kh bo qun di ngy.Cng ngh ny ngy cng pht trin trong ngnh
hi sn, rau qu v cc ngnh thc phm khac. Cc loi nng sn thc phm
dng ht nh ng, thc, c ph..
Nhu cu sy sn phm nng sn ngy nay l rt cn thit, vi kh hu
nhit i Vit Nam th nng sn s kh khn trong vic bo qun. Do vy,
Sy l mt phng php cn thit gim m nguyn liu v tang thi gian
bo qun cho cc nng sn.
Ng l loi nng sn phm l nguyn liu quan trng c thnh phn
dinh dng cao, cng dng nhiu trong cng nghip ch bin nng sn.
c bit, Ng l nguyn liu chnh trong cng nghip sn xut thcn chn
nui. V vy cn phi sy kh v bo qun lu di.
Ngoi ra, cc loi cy thuc cng c m tng i cao v d b hng
lm gim hot tnh ca thuc. Do , nhiu loi thuc cn gim lng m
tang thi gian bo qun, hn ch s hao ht v tang c hiu lc tc dng.
Vi mc ch tm hiu v mt quy trnh cng ngh sy, n ny nu
ln i cng v k thut v trnh by tnh ton thit k sy ng bng thng
quay.

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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

PHN 1 - TNG QUAN

1.1. GII THIU CHUNG
Sy l mt qu trnh cng ngh c s dng rt nhiu trong thc t
sn xut v i sng.c bit trong nghnh cng ngh thc phm , ch bin
bo qun , ha cht, sn xut vt liu xy dngk thut sy ng mt vai
tr quan trng trong dy chuyn sn xut.Sn phm sau khi sy c m
thch hp thun tin cho vic bo qun, vn chuyn , ch bin, ng thi nng
cao cht lng sn phm.
Ng l mt nng sn thc phm, trong nhng loing cc thy l sn
phm cgi tr dinh dng cao nh: thnh phn tinh, ng, protein, cht
bo...y l mt trong nhng nguyn liu chnh trong cng ngh sn xut
thcn chn nui.
Do tnh cht v thnh phn ca ng khi sy phi gi c cc tnh cht
v gi tr cm quan nn dng mt s loi thit b nh sy thng quay, sy sn
rung,
Trong n ny em nhn nhim v sy thng quay vi sn phm l
ng. Tuy ti thit k thit b sy ng nhng mcch ca thit k ny l c
th s dng cho nhiu loi nguyn liu nng sn nh thc, u xanh,Mt
khc, thit b c th s dng cho vic sy kh cc loi thuc c bit l cc
loi nguyn liu thuc l, nhng loi c gi tr cao v mt dinh dng cng
nh c kh nng cha bnh tang thi gian bo qun.
y l ln u tin em tip nhn h thng sy mang tnh cht o su
chuyn nghnh, do kin thc v ti liu tham kho cn hn ch nn em khng
th trnh khi nhng sai st trong qu trnh thit k.
Em xin chn thnh cm n s gip tn tnh ca Thy TS.Tn Tht
Minh em c th hon thnh tt n ny.

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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

1.2. KHI NIM V SY

1.2.1. Khi nim
Sy l mt qu trnh dng nhit nng lm bay hi nc t do ra khi
vt liu lng hoc rn. Vi mc ch gim bt khi lng nguyn liu, gim
cng chuyn ch, kho tn..), tng bn vt liu ( nh gm ,s , g), bo
qun tt trong mt thi gian di, nht l i vi lng thc, thc phm.
Bn cht ca qu trnh sy l qu trnh khuych tn mdo chnh lch
m b mt v trong vt liu, ni cch khc l do chnh lch p sut hi
ring phn ca m b mt vt liu v mi trng xung quanh. Sy l qu
trnh khng n nh, m vt liu thay i theo khng gian v thi gian sy.
Cng v cui qu trnh sy, nc cng kh tch ra khi vt liu, do giai
on ny lngm t do t v ch yu l lng nc lien kt trong vt liu.
1.2.2. Phn loi
Qu trnh sy bao gm hai phng thc:
- Sy t nhin: tin hnh ngoi tri dng nng lng mt tri lm
bay hi nc trong b mt vt liu.Phng php ny n gin, khng tn
nng lng tuy nhin khng ch ng c thi gian, iu chnh c tc
sy ca qu trnh theo yu cu k thut nn nng sut thp.
- Sy nhn to: thng c tin hnh trong cc loi thit b sy
cung cp nhit cho cc vt liu m. Sy nhn to c nhiu dng ty theo
phng php truyn nhit m trong k thut sy c th chia ra nhiu dng:
1/ Sy i lu: phng php sy cho tip xc trc tip vi vt liu sy,
m tc nhn truyn nhit l khng kh nng, khi l
2/ Sy tip xc: phng php sy khng cho tc nhn tip xc trc tip
vt liu sy, m tc nhn sy truyn nhit cho vt liu sy gin tip qua mt
vch ngn.

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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

3/ Sy bng tia hng ngoi: phng php sy dng nng lng ca tia
hng ngoi do ngun in pht ra truyn cho vt liu sy.
4/ Sy bng dng in cao tng: phng php dng dng in cao tng
t nng ton b chiu dy ca vt liu sy.
5/ Sy thng hoa: phng php sy trong mi trng c chn khng
cao, nhit rt thp, nn m t do trong vt liu ng bng v bay hi t
trng thi rn thnh hi khng qua trng thi lng.
1.2.3. Nguyn l ca qu trnh sy
Qu trnh sy l mt qu trnh chuyn khi c s tham gia ca pha rn
rt phc tp v n bao gm c qu trnh khuych tn bn trong v c bn
ngoi vt liu rn ng thi vi qu trnh truyn nhit. y l mt qu trnh
ni tip, ngha l qu trnh chuyn lng nc trong vt liu t pha lng sang
pha hi, sau tch pha hi ra khi vt liu ban u. ng lc ca qu trnh
l s chnh lch m trong lng vt liu v bn trn b mt vt liu. Qu
trnh khuych tn chuyn pha ny ch xy ra khi p sut hi trn b mt vt
liu ln hn p sut hi ring phn ca hi nc trong mi trng khng kh
xung quanh. Vn tc ca ton b qu trnh c qui nh c giai oi no
l chm nht. Ngoi ra ty theo phng php sy m nhit l yu t thc
y hoc cn tr qu trnh duy chuyn m t trong vt liu sy ra b mt vt
liu sy.
Trong qu trnh sy th mi trng khng kh m xung quanh c nh
hng rt ln v trc tip n vn tc sy. Do vy cn nghin cu tnh cht v
thng s c bn ca qu trnh sy.
Qu trnh tch m ca vt liu chu nh hng ca nhiu yu t nh
nhit , m khng kh, tnh cht vt liu,
Trong cc iu kin khc nhau khng i nh m khng kh, tc
gi, vic nng cao nhit s lm tng nhanh tc lm kh do lng
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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

nc trong nguyn liu gim xung cng nhiu. Nhng tng nhit cng
gii hn cho php v nhit lm kh cao s lm nh hng ln n cht
lng sn phm, d lm cho nguyn liu b chn v gy nn s to mng cng
lp b ngoi cn tr ti s chuyn ng ca nc t lp bn trong ra b mt
ngoi. Nhng vi nhit lm kh qu thp, di gii hn cho php th qu
trnh lm kh s chm li dn n s thi ra, hy hoi nguyn liu.Nhit
sy thch hp c xc nh ph thuc vo dy bn thnh phm, kt cu t
chc ca tht qu v i vi cc nhn t khc. Khi sy nhng nhit khc
nhau th nguyn liu c nhng bin i khc nhau v d: nhit sn phm
trong qu t nh sy cao hn 600C th protein b bin tnh, nu trn 900oC th
fructaza bt u caramen ha cc phn ng to ra melanoidin to polyme cao
phn t c cha N v khng cha N, c mu v mi thm xy ra mnh m.
Nu nhit cao hn na th nguyn liu c th b chy lm mt gi tr dinh
dng v mt gi tr cm quan ca sn phm.
Qu trnh lm kh tin trin, s cn bng ca khuch tn ni v khuch
tn ngoi b ph v, tc khuch tn ngoi ln nhng tc khuch tn ni
th chm li dn n hin tng to v cng nh hng n qu trnh lm
kh.
Tc chuyn ng ca khng kh c nh hng ln n qu trnh sy,
tc gi qu ln hoc qu nh u khng c li cho qu trnh sy. V tc
chuyn ng ca khng kh qu ln kh gi nhit lng trn nguyn liu
cn bng qu t nh sy, cn tc qu nh s lm cho qu trnh sy chm li.
V vy, cn phi c mt tc gi thch hp, nht l giai on u ca qu
trnh lm kh.
Hng gi cng nh hng rt ln n qu t nh lm kh, khi hng gi
song song vi b mt nguyn liu th tc lm kh rt nhanh.Nu hng gi

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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

thi ti nguyn liu vi gc 450 th tc lm kh tng i chm, cn thi

thng vung gc vi nguyn liu th tc lm kh rt chm.
m tng i ca khng kh cng l nhn t nh hng quyt nh
n qu trnh lm kh, m ca khng kh cng ln qu trnh lm kh s
chm li. Cc nh bc hc Lin X v cc nc khc chng minh rng:
m tng i ca khng kh ln hn 65% th qu trnh sy s chm li r rt,
cn m tng i ca khng kh khong 80% tr ln th qu trnh lm kh
s dng li v bt u xy ra hin tng ngc li, tc l nguyn liu s ht
m tr li.
cn bng m, khuch tn ni ph hp vi khuch tn ngoi v trnh
hin tng to mng cng, ngi ta p dng phng php lm kh gin on
tc l va sy va .
Lm kh trong iu t nhin kh t c m tng i ca khng
kh 50% n 60% do nc ta kh hu nhit i thng c m cao. Do ,
mt trong nhng phng php lm gim m ca khng kh c th tin
hnh lm lnh cho hi nc ngng t li. Khi h thp nhit ca khng
kh di im sng hi nc s ngng t, ng thi hm m tuyt i ca
khng kh cng c h thp.Nh vy lm kh khng kh ngi ta p dng
phng php lm lnh.
Kch thc cng nh bn cht lin kt ca vt liu c nh hng khng
nh n qu trnh bay hi m. Nguyn liu cng b, cng mng th tc sy
cng nhanh, nhng nu nguyn liu c kch thc qu b v qu mng s lm
cho nguyn liu b cong, d gy v. Trong nhng iu kin ging nhau v ch
sy (nhit , p sut kh quyn) th tc sy t l thun vi din tch b
mt S v t l nghch vi chiu dy nguyn liu . Cc thnh phn trong vt
to cc mi liu lin kt vi nc gi cho khng b thot ra ngoi, lc lin kt

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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

ln th vic tch m gp kh khn hn do phi cung cp nng lng cn thit

ln cn thit ph v c lin kt ny.
Tm li nghin cu qu trnh sy th phi nghin cu hai mt ca qu
trnh sy:
Mt tnh lc hc: tc da vo cn bng vt liu v cn bng nhit lng
ta s tm c mi quan h gia cc thng s u v cui ca vt liu sy v
ca cc tc nhn sy t xc nh c thnh phn vt liu, lng tc
nhn sy v lng nhit cn thit cho qu trnh sy.
Mt ng lc hc: tc l nghin cu mi quan h gia s bin thin ca
m vt liu vi thi gian sy v cc thng s ca qu trnh nh: tnh cht,
cu trc, kch thc ca vt liu sy v cc iu kin thy ng lc hc ca
tc nhn sy t xc nh c ch sy v thi gian sy thch hp.
1.3. CHN TC NHN SY, CHT TI NHIT V CH SY
1.3.1. Tc nhn sy
Tc nhn sy l nhng cht c dng chuyn ch lng nhit n
vng sy, thc hin qu trnh trao i nhit vi vt liu sy.Lng nhit ny
truyn nng lng cho lm lng m tch khi vt liu.Tc nhn sy a m
tch ra t vt liu sy ra ngoi vng sy.
Trong qu trnh sy, mi trng bung sy lun lun c b sung m
thot ra t vt sy.Nu m ny khng c mang i th m tng i
trong bung sy tng ln, n mt lc no s t c s cn bng gia vt
sy v mi trng trong bung sy v qu trnh thot m ca vt liu sy s
ngng li.
V vy nhim v ca tc nhn sy:
- Gia nhit cho vt sy.
- Ti m : mang m t b mt vt vo mi trng.
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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

- Bo v vt sy khi b hng do qu nhit.

Ty theo phng php sy m tc nhn sy c th thc hin mt trong
cc nhim v trn.
C ch ca qu trnh sy gm 2 giai on : Gia nhit cho vt liu sy
lm m ha hi v mang hi m t b mt vt vo mi trng. Nu m thot
ra khi vt liu m khng mang i kp thi s nh hng ti qu trnh bc m
t vt liu sy thm ch cn lm ngng tr qu trnh thot m. ti m
bay hi t vt sy vo mi trng c th dng cc bin php:
- Dng tc nhn sy lm cht ti nhit.
- Dng bm chn khng ht m t vt sy thi ra ngoi ( sy chn
khng).
Trong sy i lu vai tr ca tc nhn sy t bit quan trng v n
ng vai tr va ti nhit va ti m. Cc tc nhn sy thng dng l khng
kh nng v khi l, hi qu nhit, cht lngTy vo tnh cht cng ngh v
lo vt liu chn tc nhn sy ph hp.i vi sy i lu th thong
thng chn tc nhn sy l khng kh nng lm cht ti nhit v truyn nhit
gin tip.
1.3.2. Cc loi tc nhn sy
Khng kh nng l loi tc nhn sy thng dng nht c th dng cho
hu ht cc loi sn phm. Dng khng kh nng khng lm sn phm sau khi
sy b nhim v thay i mi v. Tuy nhin dng khng kh nng lm tc
nhn sy cn trang b thm b gia nhit khng kh ( calorife kh, hi hay kh
hoc khi ), nhit sy khng qu cao, thng nh hn 5000C v nu nhit
cao qu thit b trao i nhit phi c ch to bng thp hp kim hay
gm s vi chi ph t.
i vi thit b sy thng quay tc nhn sy c s dng ch yu l
khng kh m vi ba yu t: m tng i ca khng kh m, nhit ca
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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

khng kh trc khi vo thng quay l t1 v nhit ca khi khng kh khi

ra khi thng quay l t2 nhit tc nhn sy sau khi ra khi thng sy t2
c chn sao cho tn tht nng lng l nh nht.
Khi l: khi l c dng lm tc nhn sy c th nng nhit sy
ln 10000C m khng cn thit b gia nhit tuy nhin lm vt liu sy b
nhim gy mi khi.
Hi qu nhit: tc nhn sy ny c dng cho cc loi sn phm b
chy n v c kh nng chi c nhit cao.
1.3.3. Ch sy
Ch sy l cch thc t chc qu trnh truyn nhit truyn cht gia
tc nhn sy v vt liu sy v cc thng s ca n m bo nng sut ,
cht lng sn phm yu cu v chi ph vn hnh cng nh chi ph nng
lng l hp l.
Mt s ch sy thng gp:
1. Ch sy c t nng trung gian: Ch sy ny dng sy
nhng vt liu khng chi c nhit cao.
2. Ch sy hi lu mt phn: Ch ny kh tit kim nng lng
nhng li tn nhiu chi ph u t thit b.
3. Ch sy hi lu ton phn: L ch sy kn tc nhn sy c
hi lu hon ton.Ch ny dng sy cc sn phm khng cha nc m
cn l cc loi cha tinh du cn c thu hi
4. Ch sy hi lu v t nng trung gian:
1.3.4. Thit b sy v ch sy
Do iu kin sy trong mi trng hp sy rt khc nhau nn c nhiu
kiu thit b sy khc nhau v vy c nhiu cch phn loi thit b sy:

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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

- Da vo tc nhn sy: thit b sy bng khng kh hay thit b sy

bng khi l, ngoi ra cn c thit b sy bng phng php t bit nh sy
thng hoa, sy bng tia hng ngoi, sy bng dng in cao tn
- Da vo p sut lm vic: thit b sy chn khng hay thit b sy p
sut thng.
- Da vo phng thc v ch lm vic: sy lin tc hay sy gin
on.
- Da vo phng php cp nhit cho qu trnh sy: thit b sy tip
xc, thit b sy i lu hay thit b sy bc x
- Da vo cu to thit b: phng sy, hm sy, sy bng ti
- Da vo chiu chuyn ng ca tc nhn sy: cng chiu hay ngc
chiu.
1.4. GII THIU V SN PHM SY
Bp va l cy lng thc va l cy thcn chn nui gia sc quan
trng, l mt trong nhng loi cy lng thc c sn lng cao nht trn th
gii. y l loi cy ngn ngy mang li hiu qu kinh t cao cho ngi nng
dn. Cng vi s pht trin ca ngnh chn nui, nhu cu tiu th cc sn
phm t ht bp tang ln rt cao.
Trong nc, din tch trng cy bp ng cng ngy c m rng, ch
yu l cc tnh min trung v trung du min ni pha bc. Vi a hnh tng
i, vng kh hu nhit i m cao, tnh cht a hnh cng nh v dinh
dng t l ni ph hp cho s pht trin ca cy. Khng ch trong nc,
ng cng l thc phm c nng sut cao phc v cho cc ngnh cng nghip
ch bin thc phm.
Ht bp cn c dung chuyn ha thnh cht do hay vi si. Mt
lng bp nht nh c phn hy hay x l bng enzyme sn xut siro,
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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

c th siro cha nhiu fructoza, gi l siro ng, mt tc nhn lm v ngt v

i khi cng c ln mem sau chng ct thnh ru. Ru sn xut t
ng cng c dung hm lng thp( 10% hoc t hn ) nh thnh phn
ph ca xng lm nguyn liu cho mt s ng c gia tng ch s octan,
gim nhim mi trng v gim c mc tiu th xng (c gi chung l
nguyn liu sinh hc ).
Vi tm quan trng ca vic sn xut bp nh vy nn din tch trng
bp ngy cng tang ln rt nhiu, hnh thnh cc vng chuyn canh trng bp.
nng sut ngy cng tng, gi thnh cng gim cc bin php canh tc tin
tin, cc loi ging mi cho nng sut cao c p dng vo trong sn
xut.
Trong cng tc thu hoch v bo qun, cc loi my mc tin tin
c a vo s dng, nh sn phm lm ra c cht lng tt hn, lng
nhn cng lao ng gim, tng tnh cnh tranh ca hng ha trong nc trong
qu trnh hi nhp.
Sau khi thu hoch, bp ng s c lm kh v tin hnh tch ht ra
khi ci. m ca bp c lin quan mt thit vi bn gia ht v bp ci.
m cng cao th bn lin kt cng ln. V vy, m nh hng trc
tip n qu trnh tch ht. m bo qu trnh tch ht thun li, hn ch
ht bp b v th m bp ng yu cu cho qu trnh tch ht l <35%.
Cc thnh phn ha hc ch yu trong ht bp:
Ni nh

Phi

V v aloron

Protit

8,41

16,34

8,27

Tinh bt

72,61

8,2

7,4

ng

0,64

10.80

0,34

Cht bo

1,35

25,03

11,41

Xenluloza

0.65

2,75

16,85

Tro

0,68

7,55

1,27

Thnh phn (%)

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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

Hm lng dnh dng ca 100g ht bp :

ng : 3,2g
X tiu ha : 2,7g
Cht bo : 1,2g
Protein : 3,2g
Vitamin A : 10g
Vitamin B1 : 0,2g
Vitamin B3 : 1,7g
Vitamin B9 : 46g
Vitamin C : 7mg
St : 7 mg
Magie : 37 mg
Kali : 270 mg
Vi iu kin kh hu nhit i gi ma nc ta, m tng i cao
l iu kin thun li cho cc loi vi sinh vt, nm mc, cc loi cn trng
pht trin. Vic ny mt phn nh hng n nng sut v qu trnh bo qun
nng sn. Nh vy, vn cp thit l tng thi gian bo qun nng sn, c
th hn y l ht bp ng sau khi thu hoch. Sy i lu l mt trong
nhng phng php c p dng rng ri trong vic lm gim m ca
nng sn thc phm nhm tng thi gian bo qun, mt khc phng php
ny cng n gin, thit b khng qu phc tp. Do , n cng ngy c s
dng rng ri, khng ph thuc vo thi tit nh phng php phi th
cng.
1.5. CHN PHNG N SY V THIT B SY
1.5.1. Chn phng n sy
Ng c sy gin on theo m vi tc nhn l khng kh nng. Vt
liu s c lu v o trn lin t nh cc cnh o. Tc nhn sy i xuyn
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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

qua v trao i nhit vi khi vt liu, ti y qu trnh chuyn khi xy ra

lm bay nc trong vt liu, hi m theo tc nhn sy i ra ngoi.
Tc nhn sy c s dng trong h thng l khng kh nng. Khng
kh m mi trng c qut gi ht v thi i vo calorife v i vo thng
sy. Ti calorife, khng khm c gia nhit nng t nhit mi trng
ln nhit sy v lm gim m trong tc nhn sy tng ng lc ca
qu trnh sy.
1.5.2. Chn thit b sy
Thit b sy c chn y l h thng sy thng quay l mt h
thng sy i lu. c dng rng ri trong cng ngh sau thu hoch sy
cc loi ht ng cc. Cu to chnh h thng sy thng quay l mt thng sy
hnh tr trn.i vi bi ton sy ng ny th h thng sy thng quay
hotng ginontheo m. Thng sy c t nm ngang, vt liuc cho
vo qua ca tip liu v khi hon thnh qu trnh sy th vt liu cngc
tho ra qua ca ny. Thng sy quay vi tc (1,5-8)vng/phut nh mt
ng c in thng qua mt hp gim tc.Vt liu vo phu cha i vo
thng sy, thng sy quay trn, vt liu sy va b xo trn va i u cao
xung u thp. Trong qu trnh ny tc nhn sy v vt liu sy trao i
nhit v m cho nhau.
* u v nhc im ca h thng sy thng quay ( HTSTQ)
- u im ca h thng sy thng quay :
Qu trnh sy c u n v mnh lit nh tip xc tt gia vt liu
v tc nhn sy, cng sy tnh theo lng m t c cao , thit b n
gin d vn hnh.
Nguyn liu trong thng lun c o trn nh cch cnh chia v
thng quay, vic ny tang s tip xc ca b mt vt liu sy vi tc nhn sy
lm tang kh nng bcm ra khi khi vt liu. Mt khc, tc nhn sy
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ca vo gia thng sy v xuyn qua lp vt liu sy ri thot ra qua

thnh thng lm tang kh nng trao i nhit vt liu.
Vi thit k nh gn v tin li cho vic s dng, thit b c th
cng dng cho sy cc loi vt liu khc nhau nh thuc, l tho
dc,c bitpdng sy l tho dc rt hiu qu.Kh nng trao i
nghit cao, lng tn tht khng tip xct v thi gian c rt ngn.
- Nhc im ca h thng sy thng quay:
L h thng sy ginon th nguyn liu khng clin tc, mt khc
nguyn liu lun co trn trong qu trnh sy lm cho vt liu b v, gy
nhiu bi.i vi thit k ny, thit b nh gn, lng nhit tht thot qua vt
liu bao che khng ln, nhng khi thc hin vi thit b quay m ln th yu
cu thit k tnh ton tiu hn gim tn tht.
Do tc nhn sy ca h thng c thi trc tip vo mi trng mang
theo lng nhit d trong tc nhn sy lm tht thot nhit. Vic tn dng
lng tc nhn sy thi giai on sau s lm gim c nng lng tiu hao,
khi s dng thnh thng l ca thi kh, tc nhn syi xuyn qua thnh thng
thng dng sy tun hon kh thi l rt kh.

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Hnh 1: S h thng sy
1: Thng quay

2: Bnh rng

3: Vnhai

4: Calorife

5: Qut

6: Con ln

7: ng c

8: Hp gim tc

Trong qu trnh sy dng cht ti nhit l khng kh kh c gi l tc

nhn sy. Khng kh c thi qua calorife tang nhit v gim hm m
i vo bung sy. Khng kh nng i qua b mt vt liu, trao i nhit v
lm nc trong vt liu bay hi, lng hi nc s c tc nhn sy cun i
ra ngoi.
Trong n ny em xin trnh by v quy trnh cng ngh sy ng, tnh
ton vthit k my sy thng quay lm vic gin on dng sy cc nng
sn nng sut 50kg/m.

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PHN 2 - QUY TRNH CNG NGH

2.1. S QUY TRNH CNG NGH
Thu hoch

Khong kh

Tch v phi kh s b

Qut y

T ht

Calorife

Thng sy

Khng kh ra

Bo qun

2.2. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH

2.2.1. Vt liu
Bp ng sau khi thu hoch s c tin hnh tch v v loi b cch
thnh phn khc, ch gi li ht lin ci ng. Vic ny c tin hnh th
cng nn cn nhiu nhn lc hon thnh.
Sau khi ng c lm sch, tch v s c tin hnh phi kh s b.
Giai on ny thc hin phi ngoi tri tn dng nh nng mt tri theo
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phng php th cng. Phng php ny cn nhiu khng gian hu ch

phi tch m nh nh nng trc tip ca mt tri, p dng cho quy m nh l
ca h gia nh. Trong giai on ny, lng m mt phn bay hi lm gim
m trong vt liu, iu ny lm cho lin kt gia ht v ci ng yu dn.
Khi n m thch hp cho qu trnh tch ht ra khi ci th chuyn sang
giai on tch ht loi b ci khng cn thit.
Do lin ht ht vi ci yu hn so vi lc thu hoch v ht kh, khi
thc hin tch th ht s khng b v, trnh hao ht ng trong qu trnh. Vic
thc hin qu trnh tch ht nh bnh thng vntheo phng php th cng,
nng sut khng cao v cn nhiu nhn cng thc hin. Nh vy rt tn
thi gian v nhn lc khi thc hin vi nng sut ln. Hin nay, cc loi my
tch ht ra i, thchin cng da trn nguyn l ca phng php th
cng nhng c c gii ha. Nng sut lm vic ca cc my ny ln, gip
lm gim thi gian v nhn lc thc hin.
Ht sau khi c tch khi ci s c tin hnh sy b sung v
m thch hp bo qun. Qu trnh sy s dng thit b sy thng quay,
phng php thc hintheo m. Cho nguyn liu sy vo thng mt lng
nhtnh v tin hnh qu trnh sy. Nguyn liu co trn nh cc
cnho trong qu trnh thng quay lm tang tip xc ca b mt vt liu vi
tc nhn sy. Nh vy, vt liu nhn c nhiu nng lng cn thit lm
tang qu trnh bay him trong vt liu.
2.2.2. Tc nhn sy
Khng kh iu kin bnh thng (250C, 90%) c qut ht a vo
h thng qua ng dn kh vo calorife tin hnh trao i nhit ln 700C,
sau c dn vo thng sy. Do c s mt mt nhit trn ng ng dn
nn khi tc nhn sy vo ti thng quay th nhit c phn gim hao ht.
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Ti thng sy, tc nhn sy s tin hnh qu trnh truyn nhit v dn m ra

khi vt liu sy. Nhit tc nhn sy gim dn v khi ra khi thng sy ch
cn 500C. Tc nhn sy c thi trc tip ra mi trng bn ngoi.
Kt thc qu trnh, vt liu t n m yu cu s c em i bo
qun. Sn phm s c ly ra t ca tho nguyn liu trn thit b.

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PHN 3 - TNH TON CN BNG VT CHT V CN

BNG NNG LNG
3.1. CC THNG S
Nng sut nhp liu tnh theo sn phm : G2 = 50 kg/m
m ban u ca vt liu sy :1 = 35% = 0.35
m cui ca vt liu sy:2 = 0.14% = 0.14
Khi lng ring ht vt liu: = 1.253 kg/m3
Khi lng ring khi ht vt liu: r = 850 kg/m3
Nhit dung ring ca vt liu kh: Ck = 1,2 1,7 (kJ/kg.K)
Chn Ck= 1,7 (kJ/kg.K)
Kch thc ht bp :
- Di : l = 4,2 8,6 mm
- Rng : b = 1,6 4,0 mm
- Dy : = 1,5 3,8 mm
- ng knh tng ng ca ht bp : dt = 7,5 mm
3.2. CNG THC XC NH THNG S CA TC NHN SY
- Hm m:
x 0,622

.Pb
(kg m/kg kkk). (CT VII.11-tr95-[11])
P .Pb

Trong : P p sut khquyn: P= 1.013 bar.( 760 mmHg)

- Enthalpy:
I Ck .t x.(ro Ch .t ) (kJ/kg). (CT VII.13-tr95-[11])

Trong :
- Ck = 1 kJ/kg.K Nhit dung ring ca khng kh kh.
- Ch = 1,97 kJ/kg.K - Nhit dung ring ca hi nc.
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- r0 = 2493 kJ/kg - Nhit m ha hi ca nc.

- t Nhit khng kh (0C).
- x Hm m (kg m/kgkkk).

I t x.(2493 1,97t )
- Th tch ring ca khng kh m:

R.T
288T

(m3/kgkk).
M .( P .Pb ) P .Pb

(CT VII.8-tr94-[11])

Trong :
- R - Hng s kh: R =8314 J/kmol..
- M - Khi lng khng kh: M = 29 kg/kmol.
- P, Pb p sut kh tri v p sut bo ha ca hi trong khng kh
(N/m2).
- Khi lng ring ca khng kh m:

To P 0.378.Pb
o 1

TPo
P
(kg/m3)(CT VII.9-tr95-[2])

Trong :
- P, Pb lyn v N/m2.
- T0 - Nhit tiu chun: T0 = 273 K.
- o Khi lng ring khng kh theo iu kin: o = 1,293 kg/m3.
3.3. XC NH CC THNG S TRNG THI TC NHN SY
TRONG QU TRNH SY L THUYT
3.3.1. Thng s trng thi ca khng kh ngoi tri (A)
Vy, ti im A ta c:
to= 25oC; 0 =90%
p sut hi bo ha: Pb0 = 0,03166 bar.
Hm m: x0 = 0,0178 kg m/kgkkk.
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Enthalpy: I0 = 70,25 kJ/kg.

Th tch ring ca khng kh m: v0 = 0,872 m3/kgkk.
Khi lng ring :0 =1,172 kg/m3.
3.3.2. Thng s trng thi ca tc nhn sy vo thng sy (B)
Khng kh ngoi tri trng thi A c thi qua calorife nh qut ht.
Ti y, khng kh trao i nhit vi calorife lm tng nhit v gim m
khng kh, a khng kh ln trng thi B(x1, t1) v i vo thng sy (x1 = x0
= 0,0178 kg m/kgkk).
R rng, nhit t1 ti im B l nhit cao nht ca tc nhn sy,
c quy nh bi tnh cht ca vt liu sy v ch cng ngh v c
chn phn trn.
Ti im B: t1 = 70oC,x1 = x0 = 0,0178 kg m/kgkk.
Khi p dng cc cng thc nu phn III.1., cc thng s khc
ca tc nhn sy trng thi B c xc nh nh sau:
-

p sut hi bo ha: Pb1 = 0,307 bar.

m tng i:1 = 0,0918 = 9,18 %.

Enthalpy: I1 = 116,83 kJ/kg.

Th tch ring ca khng kh m: v1 = 1,003 m3/kgkk.

Khi lng ring :1 = 1.018 kg/m3.

3.3.3. Thng s trng thi ca tc nhn sy ra khi thng sy (C)

Khng kh trng thi B c y vo thit b sy thc hin qu
trnh sy.
Nhit tc nhn sy ra khi thng sy t2 ty chn sao cho tn tht
nhit do tc nhn sy mang i l b nht nhng phi trnh hin tng ng
sng (ngha l trnh trng thi C nm trn ng bo ha). ng thi, hm
m ca tc nhn sy ti C phi nh hn m cn bng ca vt liu sy ti
im vt liu sy khng ht m tr li.
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Vi qu trnh sy l thuyt ta c: I2 = I1 = 116,83 kJ/kgkk, = 100 %.

Thi gian sy ca h thng sy thng quay ph thuc vo m ban u
1 ca vt liu sy v nhit vo ca tc nhn sy t1. Vi bi ton t ra th
thi gian sy ca h thng l (h) v m trung bnh ca vt liu s tb th
nhit t nng ht cho php th c xt theo cng thc :
t h 2,218 4,343. ln

23,5
, oC
0,37 0,63.tb

Khi tc nhn sy ra khi vng sy c xc nh theo mi quan h:

t2 (5 10) th , oC

Nh vy iu kin sy trong 1h v m trung bnh ca vt liu sy tb

= 24,5 th nhit t nng ht bng:
th 2,218 4,343. ln

23,5
23,5
2,218 4,343. ln 1
47
0,37 0,63.tb
0,37 0,63.0,245

Do , chn t2 = 50oC.
Khi p dng cc cng thc nu, cc thng s khc ca tc nhn
sy trng thi C c xc nh nh sau:
-

p sut hi bo ha: Pb2 = 0,125 bar.

Hm m: x2 = 0,0258kg m/kgkk.

m tng i: 2 = 0,3228 =32,28%.

Th tch ring ca khng kh m: v2 = 0,956 m3/kgkk.

Khi lng ring :1 = 1.076 kg/m3.

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Trng thi tc nhn sy trong qu trnh sy l thuyt tm tt Bng 1.

Bng1: Trng thi tc nhn sy trong qu trnh sy l thuyt:
Trng thi khng

Trng thi khng kh

Trng thi khng kh

kh ban u (A)

vo thit b sy (B)

ra khi thit b sy (C)

t (oC)

25

70

50

0,9

0,0918

0,3228

x (kg/kgkk)

0,0178

0,0178

0,0258

I (kJ/kgkk)

70,25

116,83

116,83

Pb (bar)

0,0349

0,307

0,125

v (m3/kgkk)

0,872

1,003

0,956

(kg/m3)

1,172

1,018

1,076

i lng

I1=I2
I2
A
70oc
=0.9

50OCC
C
25OC

x
xo=x1x2 x2
th I-x biu din quy trnh sy trong my sy

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3.4. TNH CN BNG VT CHT

Phng trnh cn bng vt cht:
G1 G2 W
G1.1 G2 .2 W

Lng m bc hi trong 1 m:
W

G2 .1 2 50.(0,35 0,14)

16,154 kg/m.
1 1
(1 0,35)

Lng vt liu kh tuyt i:

Gk G2 .(1 2 ) 50.(1 0,14) 43 kg.

Nng sut nhp liu tnh theo vt liu ban u:

G1 G2 W 50 16,154 66,154 kg/m.

Lng tc nhn kh cn thit:

L

W
16,154

2019,25 kg/m.
x2 x1 0,0258 0,0178

Lng tc nhn tiu hao ring:

l

L
1
1

125 kgkk/kg m.
W x2 x1 0,0258 0.0178

3.5. XC NH CC THNG S TRNG THI CA TC NHN

SY TRONG QU TRNH THC T
3.5.1. Cn bng nng lng chung cho qu trnh sy
V qu trnh sy khng c b sung nhit lng v thit b sy thng
quay khng c thit b chuyn ti Qbs = Qvc = 0. Nh vy:
Nhit lng a vo thit b sy gm:
Nhit lng do tc nhn sy nhn c trong calorife: L(I1 I0).
Nhit lng do vt liu sy mang vo: [(G1 - W).Cvl + WCa].tvl1.
Nhit lng a ra khi thit b sy gm:
Nhit lng tn tht do tc nhn sy mang i: L(I2 I0).
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Nhit lng tn tht qua c cu bao che Qbc.

Nhit lng do vt liu sy mang ra: G2.Cvl.tvl2.
Trong :
tvl1 - nhit ban u ca vt liu sy, ly bng nhit mi trng:
tvl1 = t0 = 25oC.
tvl2 - nhit cui ca vt liu sy sau khi ra khi thit b sy:
tvl2 = t2 (5oC) = 50 5 = 45oC.
Cv - nhit dung ring ca vt liu sy vi m :
Cvl = Cvk(1 - ) + Ca. (J/kg.K).
Ca - nhit dung ring ca m (nc): Ca = Cn = 4180 J/kg.K.
Ck - nhit dung ring ca vt liu kh: Ck = 1,2 1,7 (kJ/kg.).
Chn Ck = 1,7 (kJ/kg.).
Cvl2= Cvk(1 2)+Ca.2
= 1,7.103.(1- 0,14) +4180.0,14 = 2047,2 (J/kg.K)
3.5.2. Cn bng nhit lng vo v ra h thng sy
nh lut bo tan nng lng :
Qv = Qr
L(I1 I0) + [(G1 - W)Cvl + WCa].tvl1 = L(I2 I0) + Qbc + G2.Cvl.tvl2
t Qv - tn tht nhit do vt liu sy mang i: Qv = G2Cvl2(tvl2 tvl1)
Mt khc:
G2 = G1 W
Nhit lng tiu hao cho qu trnh sy thc:
Q = L(I1 I0) = L(I2 I0) + Qbc + Qv W.Ca.tvl1
Nhit lng tiu hao ring (nhit lng cn bc hi 1kg m):
q = l(I1 I0) = l(I2 I0) + qbc + qv Ca.tvl1
Trong :

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qbc

Qbc
W

qv

Qv G2Cv (tvl 2 tvl1 )

W
W

Tn tht nhit do vt liu sy: coi Cvl1 = Cvl2

Qv = G2Cvl(tvl2 tvl1)
= 502047,2(45 - 25) = 20472000 J/m = 2047,2kJ/m.
qv

Qv 2047,2

126,73 kJ/kg m.
W 16,154

Nhit do m trong vt liu a vo:

W.Ca.tvl1 = 16,1544,1825 = 1688,093 kJ/m.
Ca.tvl1 = 4,1825 = 104,5 kJ/kg m.
Tn tht nhit qua c cu bao che:
Qbc = (0.03 0.05).Qhi.
Chn Qbc = 0,04.Qhi
Vi Qhi = W.[rvl1 + Ch.(t2 tv1)] - nhit hu ch (tc l nhit cn thit
lm bay hi m trong vt liu v nng nhit m t nhit ban u n
nhit cui thng sy).
Trong :

rv1 - n nhit ha hi ca nc trong vt liu sy nhit vo :

rvl1 = 2428,99 kJ/kg (BngI.212-tr254-[10])

Qhi= 16,154(2428,99 + 1,97(50-25)) = 40033,489 kJ/m.

Qbc = 0,040Qhi = 0,04040033,489 = 1601,339 kJ/m.

qbc

Qbc 1601,339

99,129 kJ/kg m.
W
16,154

t D - nhit lng ring cn b sung cho qu trnh sy thc (l i

lng c trng cho s sai khc gia qu trnh sy thc t v sy l thuyt):
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D = Catvl1 qbc qv
Vi qu trnh sy l thuyt: D= 0
Vi qu trnh sy thc t: D 0 vc tnh nh sau:
D = Ca.tvl1 qbc qv = 104,5 99,129 126,73 = 120,97 kJ/kg m.
V D < 0 Catv1< qbc + qv I2< I1 trng thi tc nhn sy sau qu
trnh sy thc nm di ng I1 (ng sy thc t nm di ng sy l
thuyt)
Xcnh nhit dung ring dn xut Cdx :
Cdx 1,004 1,842.x1 1,004 1,842.0,0178 1,0368 , kJ/kgkkK

Xc nh hm m x2 ng vi qu trnh sy thc thng qua t2 c p

dng theo cng thc:
x2' x1

Cdx .(t 2 t1 )
1,0368.(70 50)
0,0178
0,0254 , kg m/kgkk
i
2592,1 120,97

Vi i 2500 1,842.t 2500 1,842.50 2592,1 , kJ/kg

p dng cng thc tng ng nu, cc thng s khc ca tc nhn
sy u ra ca thng sy trong qu trnh sy thc C c xc nh nh sau:

Enthalpy: I 2' 115,82 kJ/kgkk.

p sut hi bo ha: P2 =0,125bar.

m tng i: 2' 0,3179 31,79% .

Th tch ring ca khng kh m: v2' 0,9557 m3/kgkk.

Khi lng ring:=1,0756 kg/m3.

Lng tc nhn kh cn thit:

L'

W
16,154

2125,526 kg kkk
x x1 0,0254 0,0178
'
2

Lng tc nhn tiu hao ring:

l'

1
1
1
'

131,58 kg kkk/kg m.
W x2 x1 0,0254 0,0178

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Lng nhit cn cung cp cho qu trnh sy thc:

Q= L.( I1 I2) + Qbc + Qv W.Ca.tvl1
= 2125,526.(116,83 115,82) + 1601,339 +2047,20 1688,093
= 4107,227kJ
Lng nhit cung cp ring:
q

Q ' 41072,27

254,25 (kJ/kg m).

W
16,154

Trng thi tc nhn sy trong qu trnh sy thc t c tm tt trong

bng sau:
Bng2: Trng thi ca tc nhn sy trong qu trnh sy thc t:

i lng

Trng thi khng

kh ban u (A)

Trng thi

Trng thi khng

khng kh vo

kh ra khi thit b

thit b sy (B)

sy (C)

t (oC)

25

70

50

(n v)

0,9

0,0918

0,3179

x (kg/kgkk)

0,0178

0,0178

0,0254

I (kJ/kgkk)

70,25

116,83

115,82

0,03495

0,307

0,125

v (m3/kgkk)

0,872

1,003

0,9557

(kg/m3)

1,172

1,018

1,0756

pb (bar)

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PHN 4: TNH TON THIT B

4.1. TNH TON THNG QUAY
Thit b sy ng thng quay s dng cnh nng, c chia lm 3 cnh
hp vi nhau gc 120o. Thng thit k 2 tr trn rng ng tm, cc tr rng
ny c to t cc tm li c l tc nhn sy xuyn qua. Tc nhn sy i
vo ng trong v xuyn qua thnh ng, ti y tip xc vi lp vt liu ri i
ra khi thng quay qua thnh ng ln.
Chn h s cha y vt liu =0.25(Bng 6.1 tr177-[6])
Chn tc quay ca thng: n = 3 vng/ph
Tc tc nhn sy i trong vng sy v = 0,5m/s.
4.1.1. Th tch thng sy tnh theo l thuyt
VT

G1.
.

m3 (CT 6.42- tr178-[6])

Trong :
G1 : Khi lng vt liu sy , kg => G1 = 66,154 kg
t : Thi gian sy cho m sy , pht ( Do qu trnh sy theo m
nn ta c th b qua thng s k n thi gian. )

: H siny, = 0,2 0,3 => Chn= 0,3

: Khi lng ring ca vt liu, kg/m3=> r 850 kg/m3

Nh vy, ta c th tch vng sy cn thit ca thng sy:

VT

G1
66,154

0,259 m3
. 850.0,3

Thng sy hot ng theo m, mi m cho 1 khi lng nht nh vo

qu trnh sy. Tc nhn sy c thi t trong lng thng sy xuyn qua lp
vt liu v ra ngoi qua thnh thng. Thit k kt cu ca thng c to bi 2

SVTH: L Tin Thao

29

 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

tr rng lm bng li thp c t l. Nh vy khi vt liu s nm trong

khong gia ca 2 tr rng.
Mt khc, tng kh nng tip xc vi tc nhn sy v o vt liu
c u hn th gia khong khng ca 2 tr rng chia lm 3 khoang bng
cc cnh chn ni lin 2 tr. Cc cnh ny hp vi nhau mt gc 120o, khi
hot ng th vt liu c san u cho cc khoang ny.
Khng ch vy, vt liu c phn b u trong cc khoang ny to ra
lc cn bng khi thng quay, trng lc khi vt liu c phn b u ra 2
bn ca trc quay lm gim momen cn trn trc quay. Do , momen cn
thit ca ng c truyn ng lm quay thng gim, cc chn ng do s
xo trn ca vt liu c gim ti thiu.
Ta c mi lin h gia th tch vng sy v th tch ca 2 tr rng :
V

.LT .( D12 D22 )

, m3

Trong :
-

V : Th tch vng lm vic ca thng sy, m3

D1 : ng knh ca tr rng ln, ng thi cng l ng

knh ca thit b, m
-

D2 : ng knh ca tr nh, y l ng dn tc nhn sy vo

tm thng sy, m
-

LT : Chiu di thng sy, m

T mi lin h trn, ta chn kch thc cn thit cho thng sy :

- LT = 1,4 m
- D1 = 0,5 m
- D2 = 0,3 m
Th tch thc ca bung sy thng quay :
VT

.LT .( D12 D22 )

SVTH: L Tin Thao

1,4 (0,52 0,152 ) 0,25 m3

30

 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

Sai s tnh tn th tch thng sy :

VT V
0,25 0,259

3,47%
V
0,259

4.1.2. Tnh tc tc nhn sy

Tc tc nhn sy ca h thng nm trong khong v = 0,30,6 m/s.
Trong bi ton ny, ta chn tc tc nhn sy v = 0,6 m/s.
Lu lng th tch ca tc nhn sy sau calorife:

V1 v1 L' 1,003 2125,526 2131,903 , m3/m

Lu lng th tch ca tc nhn sy sau thng sy:

V '2 v'2 L' 0,9557 2125,526 2031,365 , m3/m

Lu lng th tch trung bnh ca tc nhn sy trong thng:
_

V1 V '2 2131,903 2031,365

2081,634 , m3/m
2
2

Tit din t do ca thng sy:

F (1 ) FT (1 0,3)

.( D12 D22 )
4

0,5498.( D12 D22 ) m 2

Tc tc nhn sy i trong thng:

_

V
2081,634
vk

2160(m / h) 0,6(m / s)
LT .F . LT .0,5498.( D12 D22 ).

Thi gian sy ca h thng xc nh theo cng thc:

V
V
2081,634

3,855 , h
LT .F .vk VT .vk 0,25.2160

Trong cng thc ny, thi gian c xc nh qua lng tc nhn sy

cn thit ca c qu trnh v th tch t do ca thng sy, y l khong khng
gian m tc nhn sy trao i nhit vi vt liu. Thi gian ny ch mang tnh
tng i, n ch xt n qu trnh sy n nh. Qu trnh cng v sau th kh
nng tch m cng kh do m gin, t l m lin kt cng cao.
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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

Cc cnh o ca thng sy phn chia vng lm vic ca vt liu sy,

mt khc cn lm cho vt liu sy o trn trong vng lm vic ca n.
Nhng c im ny s lm cho tc nhn sy b chia li theo tng v tr ca
khoang chia. nhng v tr c th, vt liu nm chon tn b b mt ca
thnh ng nh, khi tc nhn sy c tr lc ln khi i qua lp vt liu ny,
thng quay nn cc v tr ny c lun phin vi tng khong thi gian xc
nh. Lng tc nhn s tp trung phn chia sang cc khoang khc. Chn vn
tc sy ly gi tr trung bnh tng i ca qu trnh.

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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

PHN 5: TNH TON THIT B PH

5.1. TNH VNH AI V CON LN
Vnh ai lp t do vo thn thng, dng cc chn , gia chn v
thng c t cc tm cng cng dy 5-20 mm. gia chn v mt trong ca
thng c t cc tm thp cng bng thp mng.
Chn b dy thanh tng cng: 3 mm.
Chn b dy tm thp mng lm thng: 3 mm
(Vic chn b dy tm thp lm thng kch thc b nh hng rt nh
n th tch thc ca vng sy nn c th b qua yu t nh hng ny)

Chn kch thc vnh ai:

Chn s b b rng vnh ai: B = 35 mm.

B dyvnh ai:
i vi thng ti trng nng :
h

B
35

(mm) 13,46 Chn h = 35 mm.

2,6 2,6

ng knh ngoi ai:

DN = DT+2h = 506 + 2.35 = 576mm

Khi lng vnh ai:
Mvd =

.B
4

.( DN2 DT2 ). CT 3

.0,035
4

(0,576 2 0,506 2 ).7850 16,34kg

Tnh ti trng thng:

Khi lng thng sy:

Tit din ca thng sy l hnh vnh khn

Th tch ca vt liu lm thng sy:
Vvl

.L

D12ng D12tr D22ng D22tr

4
.1,4

0,506 2 0,500 2 0,15 2 0,144 2

4

SVTH: L Tin Thao

0,00857

m2

33

 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

Khi lng thng:

mluoi 2.Vvl . s / 3 2.0,00857.7850 / 3 44,85

kg

( Do thng c lm t cc tm thp c t l nn khi lng tng ca thng

gim. H s ny ty thuc vo loi li chn. Trong trng hp chn thp t l
nn chn h s khi lng y l k =2/3 )

Khi lng b phn bnh rng: bng thp c khi lng ring

7850 kg/m3.
Bnh rng xem nh tng ng vt c tit din hnh vnh khn
vi:

ng knh ngoi = ng knh vng ln = 576mm.

ng knh trong =ng knh vng chn rng = 506mm.

Rng b=40 mm.

Khi lng rng:

M rang

.b1
4

2
2
( Drang
.ng Drang.tr ) CT 3

.0,04
4

(0,576 2 0,506 2 ).7850 18,67kg

Khi lng cc thanh tng cng cho thng:

mtc (nv . .( D1 D2 ) nt .L).Stc .tc (nv . .( D1 D2 ) nt .L).b. .tc

Chn loi thp c b dy = 3mm, b rng ca thanh b = 25mm.

Thng chia thnh 3 khoang nn tng cng ng u sao cho cn trng
lng cc khoang. Vi thng ngoi s dng 6 thanh, cn li trong s dng
3 thanh tng cng.
Mt khc, thnh thng cng c tng cng bi cc thanh un cong.
B tr thnh 3 vng tng cng cho c li ngoi v li trong.
mtc (3. .(0,5 0,15) 9.1,4).0,025.0,003.7850 11,03

kg

Tng khi lng thng:

M M

thung

M rang M vd M cnl M nl M tc

44,85 18,67 2.16,34 66,154 11,03 173,384kg

SVTH: L Tin Thao

34

 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

Tng ti trng ca thng:

Q= M .g 173,384.9,81 1700,87 N
Ti trng tc dng ln mt vnh ai= Q/2=850,45 (N)
Phn lc tc dng ln mi con ln :
Chn gc gia con ln hp vi phng thng ng 30o
Q

3 850,45 491,01 (N)

2. cos 2. cos 30

Kim tra li b rng vnh ai:

T 491,01

0,02 cm= 2,0mm (tha) (CT5.34-tr250-[9])

Pr 24000

Do thng nng quay chm nn chn Pr =24000 N/cm

Tnh con ln :
B rng con ln :
Chn Bc=B+10=35+10=45cm
ng knh con ln thp:
dc

T
T
491,01

0,364cm
(300 400) Bc 300.BC 300.4,5

Chn dc=100mm
5.2. THIT K B PHN TRUYN NG CHO THNG

Xc nh cng sut ng c dng quay thng:

Cng sut cn thit quay thng:
N thung 0,0013.DT3 .LT . .n. v

(kW )

(CTVII.54/p123,[11])

Vi:

DT - ng knh trong ca thng: DT = 0,5 m.

LT - chiu di thng: LT = 1,4 m.

- h s ph thuc vo dng cnh.

SVTH: L Tin Thao

35

 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

Vi cnh nng, h s cha y = 0,3:

= 0,071

(Bng VII.5/p123,[11])

n - tc quay ca thng: n = 3 vng/ph.

v - khi lng ring th tch ca vt liu: v = 850 kg/m3.

Nthng = 0,00130,531,40,0713850 = 0,042 kW

quay c thng th cng sut lm vic ca ng c phi ln hn cng

sut cn thit quay thng mt lng nht nh c th thng lc ma st gia
thng vi con ln , hay do hiu sut ca cc b truyn khng t 100%,Ngi
ra, cng sut ng c s dng thng lc ma st ngh ban u hay mmen m my
nn s chn d nhiu so vi cng sut quay thng. Theo Bng 2P-tr32-[5], chn
ng c kiu A02-41-8 l ng c xoay chiu ba pha khng ng b rto ngn
mch, c cc s liu k thut sau:

Cng sut ng c: Nc = 1,5 kW.

Vn tc quay: nc =720 vng/ph.

Hiu sut: dc 0,81

Cng sut lm vic ca ng c:

N lv N dc . dc 1,5.0,81 1,215

kW

Nlv > N tha iu kin quay thng.

Phn phi t s truyn ng cho h thng truyn ng:

Do ng c c vn tc ln, thng c vn tc nh hn rt nhiu. S dng b

truyn ng gim tc c h 3 b truyn ng. B truyn ng bnh ai dng
truyn chuyn ng t ng c n hp gim tc. n y tc c gim i mt
phn vo khi qua hp gim tc th tc ny gim i rt ln. Hp gim tc ny s
dng truyn ng bnh vt - trc vt c t s truyn cao v kh nng truyn momen
ln. Hp gim tc s s dng thm b truyn ng bnh rng tr rng thng hp
vi thng quay qua mt bnh rng trung gian. T hp gim tc s truyn ng ln
bnh rng trung gian (h bnh rng 1) v t bnh rng trung gian ny truyn chuyn

SVTH: L Tin Thao

36

 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

ng ln bnh rng ca thng quay ( h bnh rng 2). H bnh rng ca thng quay
c gn trc tip vo thng.
T s truyn chung ca ton b h thng:
uc u h .ubr1.ubr 2 .ubd

ndc
720

240
nthung
3

Do t s truyn qu ln nn phi s dng hp gim tc gim s vng quay

v truyn cng sut t ng c n trc cng tc ca thng.
Chn t s truyn ca b truyn hp gim tc: uh 60
Hp gim tc s dng b truyn bnh vt - trc vt nn c t s truyn ln,
tng momen truyn ng cho thng quay.
Do chn t s truyn ca hp gim tc bnh vt - trc vt nn ta c tch s t
s truyn ca b truyn ng bnh rng vi b truyn ng bnh ai:
ubr1.ubr 2 .ubd

uc 240

4
uh
60

Truyn ng ai thang:
S dng b truyn ai thang truyn chuyn ng tng cn hp gim
tc. Ty vo mcch s dng chc nng sy vt liu m xc nh thay i vn tc
quay thng cng nh tc quay, cng sut ng c. Vic s dng loi b truyn
ny ta c th thay i cc thng s c d dng hn.
Theo tiu chun kch thc bnh ai thang. Chn kch thc bnh ai :
Bnh ai ch ng: d1 = 800mm.
Bnh ai b ng: d2 = 1000mm.
T s truyn b truyn bnh ai : ubd

n1 d 2 1000

1,25
n2 d1 800

( b qua s trt ai trong lc b truyn hot ng )

Truyn ng bnh rng tr rng thng :
B truyn bnh rng truyn chuyn ng trc tip ln thng quay. Bnh rng
ln c gn trc tip ln thnh thng v c truyn ng nh bnh rng nh ch
ng t hp gim tc.
T s truyn s b qua tnh tn theo cc b truyn chn :

SVTH: L Tin Thao

37

 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

ubr1.ubr 2

uc
240

3,2
u h .ubd 60.1,25

Vn tc quay:
nj

n j-1

(vng/ph)

i j 1, j

Cng sut:
Nj

N j-1

j 1, j

(kW)

Cng sut cn quay thng:

N'

dc

0,042
0,052 (kW)
0,81

Theo bng 2.1/tr27-[5], ta chn hiu sut cc b truyn nh sau:

o B truyn bnhai thang : bd 0,90

o B truyn hp gim tc: h 0,96

o B truyn bnh rng tr rng thng:

br

c
0,81

0,94
h .bd 0,90.0,96

Ta c bng kt qu tnh ton sau:

Bng 9: S truyn ng
Trc
Thng s

ng c

T s truyn i
Vn tc quay n (v/ph)
Cng sut N (kW)

Trc I
1,4

Trc II
60

Trc III

Trc IV

3,2

720

515

8.6

0,052

0,047

0,045

0,042

0,042

Bnh rng nh dng ch s 1, bnh rng ln dng ch s 2

Chn vt liu lm bnh rng:
Chn nhm bnh rng c rn HB 350, c ct gt chnh xc sau nhit
luyn (do rn tng i thp), khng i hi phi qua cc nguyn cng tu sa
t tin nh mi, mi nghin Bnh rng c kh nng chy mn tt.

SVTH: L Tin Thao

38

 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

trnh dnh b mt lm vic ca rng, ly rn ca bnh rng nh ln

hn bnh rng ln 3050HB..
Bng 10: Cc thng s c tnh ca cc vt liu dng ch to cc bnh rng:
bn ko

bn chy

[]b

[]b

Loi thp

rn HB

Bnh rng ln

Thp C35

540 N/mm2

320 N/mm2

160

Bnh rng nh

Thp C40

580 N/mm2

340 N/mm2

200

i vi 2 bnh rng n khp nhau, bng rng nh lm vic nhiu, chn

rng b nn mn nhiu v chng b gy hn bnh rng ln, do vy cn c
ch to bng vt liu tt hn. Nu s dng 2 bnh rng cng vt liu th phi
c phng php nhit luyn bnh rng nh c rn mt rng ln hn.
- Bnh rng chu ti trng trung bnh, s dng thp 45 thng ha c
cc thng s c tnh:
- rn HBbr nh = 200HB
- Gii hn bn ko: sb = 580 N/mm2
- Gii hn chy: sch = 340 N/mm2
Momen cn quay thng :
N thung .T T

N thung

, Nmm

Trong : :Vn tc gc ca thng quay, rad/s

3v / p 3.

2
0,314 rad / s
60

T : Momen xon cn quay thng , Nmm

Nthng : Cng sut quay thng , kW
N 0,042kW 42.103 W

SVTH: L Tin Thao

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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

N thung

60.N thung
2 .n

60.42.103

134.103 , Nmm
2 .3

- ng sut tip xc cho php : ( CT 10-65/[13] )

H H lim .Z R .ZV .K L .K xH
sH

Trong : Hlim: Gii hn bn mi tip xc ca mt rng.

Sh: H s an tn => chn sh = 1,2
ZR : H s nh hng ca b nhm mt
=> Thng chn ZR = 0,95
ZV : H snh hng ca vn tc vng => chn ZV = 1,1
KL : H s nh hng ca bi trn => chn KL = 1
KxH : H s xt n nh hng ca kch thc bnh rng
Trong tnh ton hp gim tc cc h s cha c xc lp c th. Do ,
cc h s c th ly ZR.ZV.KL.KxH = 1. Gii hn mi tip xc ca b mt rng
oHlim ng vi s chu k c s NHO, gi tr ny c xc nh bng thc
nghim. Theo bng 10-7/[13]cho cc gii hn bn mi ca cc bnh rng
thp: Thp thng ha c HB<350 => oHlim = 2HB + 70
H lim Ho lim .K HL (2HB 70).K HL (2.200 70).1 470 MPa

Vi KKL l h s nh hng ca chu k lm vic.

H

H lim
sH

.Z R .ZV .K L .K xH

470
.1 392 MPa
1,2

- ng sut un cho php : ( CT 10-73/[13])

F F lim .YR .YS .K xF

sF

Trong : Flim : Gii hn bn mi un ca bnh rng.

SVTH: L Tin Thao

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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

Sh : H s an tn => chn sh = 1,7

ZR : H s nh hng ca b nhm mt
=> Thng chn ZR = 1
YS : H s nh hng ca kch thc rng
=> YS = 1,08 0,16.l.g.m . Chn YS = 1,08
KxF : H s xt n nh hng ca kch thc bnh rng
=>d< 400mm th KxF = 1.
Gii hn bn mi un Flim ng vi s chu k NFE c xc nh theo
cng thc: ( CT 10-74/[13] )

F lim Fo lim .K FL .K FC
Trong : oFlim - Gii hn bn mi un ca rng ng vi s chu k
c s NFO = 4.106. Theo bng 10-6/[13] xt cho loi thp thng ha c
rn ca rng 200HB, ta c oFlim = 1,8.HB.
KFL :H s tui th.
Vi h thng hot ng gin on, ta ly KFL = 1.
KFC : H s gim gii hn bn mi un. Trong trng hp b
truyn hot ng 1 chiu KFC = 1.

F lim Fo lim .K FL .K FC 1,8 HB 1,8 200 360

Ta c: ng sut un cho php

F F lim .YR .YS .K xF

sF

360
.1.1,08.1 228,7 MPa
1,7

Trong thit k kch thc chi tit ca thng quay, ng knh thng
quay tnh c D = 500mm. T hp gim tc, b truyn ng c s dng
b truyn bnh rng. Bnh rng ln c gn trc tip vo thng, c truyn
SVTH: L Tin Thao

41

 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

chuyn ng quay t ng c qua cc b truyn. Vi b truyn khng dch

chnh => Chn ng knh vng ln ca bnh rng ln d2 = 576mm.
Ta c : ng knh vng ln ca bnh rng nh
ubr

d 2
d
576
d 1 2
180mm
d 1
ubr
3,2

Khong cch trc s b :

a

d1.(u 1) 180.(3,2 1)

378mm
2
2

Modun php ca bnh rng : m = (0,010,02). = 3,78 7,56

Chn modun theo tiu chun : m = 6mm.
S rng ca bnh rng nh : d1 = Z1.m => Z1 = 30 rng.
S rng ca bnh rng ln : d2 = Z2.m => Z2 = 96 rng.
Kim nghim rng v bn tip xc : ( CT 10-25/[13])
H

Z M .Z H .Z 2.T1.K H .K Hv .(u 1)
.
H
d 1
b1.u

Trong :
T1 : Momen xon ca bnh dn, Nmm => T1 = 134.103 Nmm
ZM : H s xt n c tnh ca vt liu. i vi vt liu lm bng
thp th h s ny c ly ZM= 275 (MPa)1/2
ZH : H s k n hnh dng b mt tip xc. (CT 10-26/[13])
Z H 2 / sin

Khi dch chnh x=0 ta = 20o v ZH = 1,76

Z : H s xt n tng chiu di tip xc. ( CT 10-22/[13])
Z (4 ) / 3

Vi = 1,88 3,2.(1/Z1 + 1/Z2 ) = 1,74 => Z = 0,868

SVTH: L Tin Thao

42

 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

Chn b rng vnh rng b1 = 30

KH : H s tp trung ti trng. Theo th trn hnh 10-14/[13] ta
xc nh c h s KH = 1,4
KHv :H s ti trng ng khi tnh bn tip xc. Trong tnh ton
s b c th chn h s.
Chn KHv = 1,32 vi bn rng <350HB vi cp chnh xc 6.
ng sut tip xc :
H

275.1,76.0,868 2.134.103.1,4.1,32.(3,2 1)
.
343MPa H
180
30.3,2

Z M .Z H .Z 2.T1.K H .K Hv .(u 1)
.
d 1
b1.u

Kim nghim bn un : ( CT 10-34/[13] )

2T
.YF .K F .K Fv
b .d1.m

Trong :
T1 : Momen xon ca bnh dn, Nmm => T1 = 134.103 Nmm
KF :H s tp trung ti trng. Theo hnh 10-15/[13] ta c KF = 1,5
KFv : H s ti trng ng. Chn KFv = 1,64 vi bn rng
<350HB, cp chnh xc 6 vi vn tc vng 10v/p.
YF : H s dng rng. Theo hnh 10-21/[13] ta c YF = 3,8 vi Z
=30, h khng dch chnh.
ng sut un :
F

2T
2.134.103
.YF .K F .K Fv
.3,8.1,5.1,64 77,32 F
b .d1.m
30.180.6

SVTH: L Tin Thao

43

 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

Vy cc thng s tnh ton bnh rng trong b truyn :

Modun php ca rng theo tiu chun : m = 6mm.
S rng ca bnh rng nh : d1 = Z1.m => Z1 = 30 rng.
S rng ca bnh rng ln : d2 = Z2.m => Z2 = 96 rng.
ng knh ca bnh rng ln d2 = d2 = 576mm.
ng knh ca bnh rng nh d1 = d1 = 180mm.
5.3. CHN CALORIFE CP NHIT
Trong k thut, vi thit b cng sut ln, sy thng s dng hai loi
caloriphe t nng khng kh caloriphe kh hi v caloriphe kh khi.
Calorife kh hi loi thit b truyn nhit kiu ng chm : hi nc bo ha
ngng t i trong ng v khng kh chuyn ng ngoi ng. Lng hi nc
i trong ng v truyn nhit vi khng kh qua thnh ng, trn thnh c b
tr cc cnh tn nhit tng b mt tip xc, tng hiu qu truyn nhit.
to c lng hi nc i trong ng th phi thit k b sung thm h thng
hi nc. Khi s dng phng php truyn nhit ny th m bo c v
sinh trong phn xng v tin li trong qu trnh dn hi.
Calorife khi cng s dng ng truyn nhit truyn nhit t khi
vi khng kh lm tng nhit . Lng khi nng c i trong lng ng v
khng kh i ngoi ng, cc ng c gn cc cnh tn nhit tng b mt tip
xc. Khi s dng bung t t cc nguyn liu nh than, ga, du,
to khng kh t c nhit cao. Do nhit khng kh nhit cao nn khi
a v nhit truyn nhit trong ng th phi tin hnh ha trn vi khng
kh thng bung ha kh. Sau khi ha kh t nhit thch hp th
khng kh nng c dn i trong ng ng n thit b trao i nhit
calorife.
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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

Ty vo cng sut ca thit b la chn cng sut truyn nhit v

phng thc truyn nhit.
Trong bi ton ny, thit b tng i nh gn, khng ln v c cng
sut nh nen phng thc s dng gia nhit khng kh l s dng calorife
in. Loi calorife s dng in nng pht nhit, dng chuyn i nng
lng t in nng sang nhit nng. Vi loi ny th c th khng ch nhit
n gin, v kch thc thit b nh gn, thu hp c khng gian.
Cc thanh truyn nhit c dng ch u, trn mi thanh u c gn cc
cch tn nhit theo hnh xon vt tng kh nng tip xc v truyn nhit vi
khng kh.
Chn cng sut truyn nhit ca mi thanh truyn nhit Q = 1,5kW.
Theo lng nhit cn cung cp cho quas trnh th cn s dng 4 thanh truyn
nhit. Nh vy, tng cng sut truyn nhit ca qu trnh Qt = 6kW.
Bng16: Cc thng s ca cc tc nhn qua calorife :

Tc nhn sy

Nhit vo tw1 = to

25oC

( Khng kh )

Nhit ra tw2 = t1

70oC

5.4. CHN QUT

Trong h thng sy thng quay, thit b c thit k vi quy m nh
nn ch cn b tr mt qut y. Qut c t u h thng c nhim v
cung cp khng kh qua caloriphe gia nhit sau y vo thng sy. Tc
nhn sy i xuyn qua lp vt liu trong thng, tip xc trc tip v thc hin
qu trnh trao i nhit mang m ra ngoi.
Vn tc kh:
v

V
(m/s)
S on g

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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

Vi :Sng - Din tch tit din ngang ca ng (m2).

Chn qut ly tm p sut trung bnh U3-57 c kch thc:
Mt bch ca ra : hnh vung B = 165 mm.
Mt bch ca vo: hnh trn, D = 210 mm.
Trong cc thit b sy thng dng cc loi qut hng trc v qut ly
tm. Theo p sut chia thnh 3 loi:
-

Qut p sut thp, tng p sut to ra n 100 mmH2O.

Qut trung p, tng p sut to ra t 100 - 300 mmH2O.

Qut cao p, tng p sut to ra t 300- 1500 mmH2O.

vn chuyn khng kh nng trong h thng sy em dng qut ly tm

vi cc thng s c xc nh da vo ct p v lu lng khng kh cn
cung cp.
thng c tr lc trong thng v Calorife ta chn qut trung p
( 100 mH20 300 mH20)
Lu lng khng kh cn cung cp cho Caloriphe L = 2125,56 m3/h
Chn qut cng sut: 1,5 KW

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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

PHN V - KT LUN
Sau thi gian lm n em rt ra c rt nhiu iu b ch, tm
hiu thm v cc qu trnh sy v cc qa trnh truyn nhit trong thc phm.
Cc qu trnh nhit trong qu trnh sy tng i phc tp v rt kh tnh
ton mt cch chnh xc, cc cng thc c tm ra da trn thc nghim. Do
vy, trong tnh tn c nhiu sai s khng trnh khi, cng mt bin s nhng
c cc cch khc nhau xc nh.
Vi thit b sy, thng quay l thit b truyn nhit i lu c chc
nng lm bay hi m trong vt liu. Loi ny c nhiu u im hn so vi cc
thit b sy i lu khc.
Trong qu trnh lm n ch da vo nhng ngun ti liu nh sch
v, cha qua thc t nn vic s dng cng thc, s liu khng trnh khi sai
s trong qu trnh thit k.
c th thit k c chnh xc ta cn lp h thng hot ng th
kim tra v chn ch lm vic ti u. ng thi, vic thit k h thng
phi da vo c nhng kin thc thc t ch khng th ch da vo ti liu l
thuyt, nn c th c nhiu iu cha tht s chnh xc, em rt mong c s
hng dn, gp thm ca cc thy, c h thng hon thin hn.
Em chn thnh cm n thy c!

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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Phm Vn Bn, Nguyn nh Th, Qu trnh v Thit b Cng
ngh Ha hc, tp 5, Qu trnh v Thit b Truyn nhit, NXB HQG
TPHCM, 2000.
[2]. Phm Vn Bn, S tay dn nhit khng n nh (phng theo
A.V.Luikov) Thng s nhit l ca thc phm v nguyn liu (phng theo
A.S.guizbour, TPHCM, 2004.
[3]. Hong Vn Chc, K thut sy, NXB KHKT, 1997.
[4]. Bi Hi, Dng c Hng, Nguyn nh Th, Thit b trao i
nhit, NXB KHKT, 1999.
[5]. Nguyn Trng Hip, Nguyn Vn Lm, Thit k chi tit my,
NXBGD, 2000.
[6]. Nguyn Vn La, K thut sy vt liu, NXB HQG TPHCM,
2001.
[7]. V B Minh, Hon minh Nam, C hc vt liu ri, NXB KHKT,
1998.
[8]. H L Vin, Thit k tnh ton cc chi tit thit b ha cht, tp
1, NXB KHKT, 1978.
[9]. H L Vin, Thit k tnh ton cc chi tit thit b ha cht, tp
2, NXB KHKT, 1978.
[10]. Cc tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ha cht,
tp I, NXB KHKT, 1999.
[11]. Cc tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ha cht,
tp II, NXB KHKT, 1999.
[12]. Hng Vn Chc, Thit k h thng sy NXB KHXH, 2006.
[13]. Nguyn Trng Hip, Chi titmy NXB GIO DC , 2007.
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 n chuyn nhnh Qu trnh - Thit b

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