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o trn nh chp ta c
ng nng ca + l 68,6 v 80,8, ca - l 75,5MeV.
a) Tm nng lng phn ng
b) Tm khi lng ca ht K+, bit khi lng ca cc ht l 139,6 MeV
Bi gii
K
mK 0,53u
2. Tm cc gi tr c th c ca spin ng v v hnh chiu trn trc z i vi cc h ht
p b) p
a)
Bi gii
2) a) c I=1 ;
I3 =1
p c I=1/2; I3 =1/2
Do I3 tng cng bng 1+1/2 =3/2
Gi tr spin ng v tng I=1+1/2 =3/2; 1+1/2-1=1/2, kt hp vi trn ta ch nhn gi tr
I=3/2
b) c I=1 ;
I3=-1
p c I=1/2; I3= 1/2
Do I3 tng cng bng -1+1/2 =-1/2
Gi tr spin ng v tng I=1+1/2 =3/2; 1+1/2-1=1/2, Do I= 3/2 hoc
3.Tm cc ht X c th c trong cc phn ng sau y ( tt c u l cc tng tc mnh)
a) K p
n 0 X
K X b) p
K0 X c) p p
Bi gii
3) a)
a)
p
0 0
(tng tc mnh)
p
0 K 0
b)
0
p
(tng tc yu)
c)
p p
K
p p
p 0
(tng tc mnh)
d)
p
n
p
0 0
e)
n
p e e
n
p e e
(tng tc mnh)
(tng tc yu)
Bi gii
4) a) phn ng u vi phm S, I3 ;
phn ng th hai khng vi phm
b) phn ng u vi phm s B; phn ng th hai vi phm vi phm Z
c) phn ng u vi phm B, I3
phn ng th hai vi phm B, I3
d) phn ng u khng vi phm; phn ng th hai vi phm S, I3
e) phn ng u vi phm s L ;
phn ng th hai khng vi phm
5. Gii thch ti sao ta quan st c phn r 0
0 , m khng quan st c
phn r 0
p
0
o n
BI GII
5) Phn r 0
0 s l bo ton chng t qu trnh phn r tun theo in t nhanh,
nn thi gian sng ca 0 ( 1014 s) . Trong khi hai phn r cn li S=+1 u l tng tc yu
xy ra chm (~10-10s)
a)
X
p
b)
Y
p
BI GII
6)a) Phn r K
X phi tha cc nh lut bo ton
in tch -1=-1 +Z=> Z=0
S lepton 0=0+L => L=0
Spin
0=0 +J => J=0
S Barion 0=0+B=> B=0
T bng ta c X c th l o ; Ko ; Ko ; o
V phn r ta nng lng, do khi lng ht m phi ln hn tng khi lng ca hai ht
nhn con, n kh nng duy nht ca X l o
b) p
X Y
X
theo cc nh lut bo ton
in tch Z=-1 +1=> Z=0
S lepton L=0+0 => L=0
Spin J=+0-0 => J=0
S Barion B=0+0=> B=0
o
o
o
o
X c th l ; K ; K ; , nhng phn r ta nng nn X khng th o cn o c thi
gian sng qu ngn khng th quan st qu o n c. Vy X ch c th l K o ; K o . Mun
xc nh chnh xc ta quay li xc nh Y vi Y
p
Theo cc nh lut bo ton ta c:
in tch Z=-1 +1=> Z=0
S lepton L=0+0 => L=0
Spin J=0+1/2 => J=1/2
S Barion B=0+1=> B=1
Theo bng Y l barion khng mang in, vy Y c th n, o ; o ; o v khi lng ca ht
m phi ln hn tng khi lng ca cc ht con nn Y khng th l n.
Ta bit i vi phn r yu th S=0 ; 1, vy Y khng phi l ht o (S=-2), Theo bi
tp 5 th 0
0 do Y l o
Vi o c S=-1, I = I3=0.
tm X ta tr li phn ng ban u
p
K 0 0
p
K0 0
S= 0 + 0 = 1 -1
S= 0 + 0
-1
-1
Phn ng th hai khng bo ton s l vy X l K0
7. Mt ht 0 phn r 0
0 . Da vo s liu ca khi lng M v M. Tnh
nng lng ca gamma
BI GII
Ta c . p = p = E/c
p2 c2 E 2 M c2 E 2
2
(1)
(2)
(M c2 )2 (M c2 ) 2 (1192MeV)2 (1116MeV)2
73, 6MeV
2M c2
2x(1192MeV)
(4)
E o 137,9MeV
H phng trnh (3) v (4) cho En= 940MeV
K n E n E on 940MeV 939, 6MeV 0, 4MeV
K o E o E oo 137,9MeV 135MeV 2,9MeV
9. Tnh nng lng ngng (cc ht to thnh ng yn) i vi tng tc nng lng
cao, khi m1 bn vo m2
m1 + m2 -> M1 + M2 +.........+ Mn
BI GII
1
1
Q m1 m 2 M1 M 2 ...... M n
Q mi M i
2m 2
2m 2 i
i
2m2
K ng
Ta c
1
1
Q mp mp mp mp m
Q 4m p m c2
2
2mp
2m pc
135MeV
4(938MeV) 135MeV 280MeV
2(938MeV)
r
r
r uur
11. S Sp
Sn S
Trong v phi ta c sn=1/2 v s =1. Vy momen tng =1/2 hay 3/2. Proton c sp=1/2. Vy
s=0 hay 1
12. Trong tng tc mnh gia n v p, lng t truyn tng tc l cc ht, Hy tm thi
gian xy ra tng tc mnh. Bit m =140MeV
BI GII
12. Ta c tng tc mnh l s trao i meson nh phn ng n- +p
Th qu trinh ny vn c th xy ra ngay khi nh lut bo ton nng lng b cm.
Nguyn nhn theo c lng t, nh lut bo ton nng lng vn cn hiu lc khi thng
ging vo c mc2, min l thi gian tng tc phi tha mn h thc bt nh
h
h
6,58.1022 MeV.s
t.E h t
4, 7.1024 s
E mc2
140MeV
Do tng tc mnh xy ra 4,7.1024 s
13. Nu gi thuyt tng tc ht nhn thng qua lng t l meson hy tnh khi lng
ca meson bng bao nhiu?
13. Nu gi thit meson tn ti ti trong phm vi bng kch thc ht nhn a v chuyn ng
vi vn tc gn bng vn tc nh sng c, th a c vi l thi gian cn thit meson i
h
ngang qua ht nhn. t a=1,4fm v
Ta c
mc2
ch
197MeV.fm
1, 4fm
mc2 141MeV
2
2
mc
mc
14. Tnh nng lng ngng ca phn ng
S: 14. 5630 MeV
p p
p p p p
a) p p
p n K
b) p p
0 p K0
S: b)
19) Tm cc nh lut bo ton b vi phm trong phn ng p
0 e e
S: B v Q
20) Tnh ng nng ca ht -, trong phn r o
p , trong lc u o ng
yn.
S: 32,7MeV
21) Tnh ng nng ca e- trong phn r e e . Lc u - trng thi ng yn
S:69,3MeV
22) Tnh ng nng ca + trong h qui chiu K+ ( cng l h khi tm) khi c phn r
0
K ] 2
S: 108MeV
23) Cho bit nhng d kin m t chng t:
a) Tn ti quark ( ht thnh phn ca baryon v meson)
b) Tn ti s lng t mu coulor
c) Tn ti gluon
23) a) S tn ti quark l do d kin pht hin s phn b in tch khng u trong proton
v neutron khi electron nng lng cao tn x trn chng, t ch ra nucleon c cu trc ni
ti. Nm 1961, Gell-Mann khm ph nhm i xng SU(3) ca hadron m ch ra qui lut
cu trc ni ti ca nucleon. Da trn d liu ny Gell-Mann v Zweig c lp ngh l
thuyt quark
Theo m hnh ny, h gi s tn ti 3 quark : u, d, s v phn ht ca chng. Cc
quark v phn quark c in tch l phn s v c nhng s lng t xc nh.
Hadron bao gm baryon v meson: Baryon bao gm 3 quark, meson bao gm quark v
phn quark ca n
L thuyt quark gii thch c cu trc, spin, tnh chn l ca hadron. N cng d
on s tn ti ca ht , vi khm ph ny n cng c l thuyt quark mnh m hn.
V sau 3 ht quark nng hn c b sung vo trong h ht quark l c, b, t
b) S lng t mu a vo khc phc kh khn thng k cho ht ++ c spin 3/2 bao
gm 3 quark u, ngha l spin phi song song, trong khi Nguyen l loi tr Pauli cm 3
fermion c spin song song tron cng trng thi. khc phc iu ny, nm 1964
Greenbaerg a ra gi thuyt mu cho quark. ng gi s mi quark c 1 trong 3
mu. Nh th mc d 3 quark trong ht ++ c spin song song, nhng chng c mu khc
nhau v nh th Tarn c Nguyen l loi tr Pauli. Gi thuyt v mu cng gii thch c
tit din R to hadron trong va chm e+e-. in ng lc hc lng t, i vi Ecm<3,
Q e I3
e e hadrons
e e
4 2 2
Qi
E2
y E nng lng ca h e+e-, l hng s Qi l in tch ca quark th i (n v e), v
4 2
e e
3E 2
e e qi q i hadrons
e e hadrons
Do R
i
3 Qi2
e e
e e
i
e e qi qi hadrons
Bi gii:
Phn ng ht nhn: p Be94 n B95 Q
p dng nguyn l cn bng chi tit, ta c:
d1 / d p 2n (2J n 1)(2J B 1)
2
(v cc ht Be9 v B9 ng yn)
d2 / d p p (2J p 1)(2J Be 1)
Theo ra, spin ca cc ht tham gia v to thnh u bng nn:
d1 / d p n2 2m n Tn Tn
(v mn mp )
d2 / d p p2 2m pTp Tp
Ta c:
mp m Be TpL
m 2Be
22
92.1
Tp 2 TpL
T
0,81 MeV
2 pL
2
m m m 2
mp
1
9
Be
p
mp mBe
p
3, 22
d2 / d Tp 0,81
d2 / d
d1 / d
1
0,31(mbarn)
3, 22
3, 22
28.Meson 0 c s lng t JPC=0 - + khi lng 548 MeV, b rng nng lng
1,30keV phn r theo cc knh sau
0
0 0 0 0
Khng phn r theo knh
0
0 0
0 0 0
0 e
Gii
h 6, 6.1022 MeV.s
1,3.10 MeV
in t, nh ch ra bi s phn r thnh hai photon
b) 0 b cm bi tr ring lin hp in tch ca 3 photon (-1)3=-1. Trong khi 0 c
C=+1. Trong tng tc in t php bin i lin hp in tch C bo ton
0 0 0 v tri P=-1 v phi (-1)2=1 tng tc in t bo ton P nn b cm
0 0 tri spin=1 phi spin=0, b cm bi v tng tc in t bo ton spin (d thy C
cng vi phm)
0 e vi phm s lepton
a) Ta c
a) bo ton s lepton X e ,
b)
e-
b) e-e+ e e
e+
e+
Z0
e
c) e-p e n
e-
d) ud uddd
u
d
31. Ht o (udd) phn r cng hng ch yu cho ra (p,-) trong tng tc mnh vi b
rng mc nng lng =100MeV
a) V gin Feynman ca qu trnh phn r
b) Tnh thi gian sng ca o
c) C knh phn r otheo tng tc mnh khc knh phn r trn khng ?
Bi gii
0 d
d
h/
6, 6.1022 MeV.s
6, 6.1024 s ; 1023 s
100MeV
b) Knh khc 0 n0
u
d
a) usu us dd u usd du 0
K p 0
K 0 p 0 K 0 K
(nng lng ngh ca cc ht tra bng)
b) Vit phn ng theo s quark
Gii Ta c phn ng
K
498
938
1116 140(MeV)
Tng nng lng trng thi u l 1436 MeV tng nng lng trng thi sau l 1256 MeV, nh
0
2
4
2 4
Bt bin tng i s mKo c mpc 2mpc2E Ko (1)
ng nng ca ht ti cc tiu, ngha l cc ht to ra trng thi ng yn, ta c bt
bin i vi trng thi sau
s m mK0 mK c4 mf2c4
2
(2)
T (1) v (2) ta c
MeV
b) K p sd uud uds du 0
0
Gii:
) v
(
(
Ta c
) Bt bin tng i trong h phng th
r
r 2
r2 r2
2
nghim s E E (p p ) E 2 E 2 2EE p p 2pp cos
) , ta
Gii
r
r
a) Proton E1 , p1 electron E 2 , p2 Bt bin nng-ng lng s c dng
(*)
, nng lng cao
E
do bc x synchrotron t l vi , do ti u ha hn ch s mt
m
E 2 , 0 , ta c
36. Ht ng yn phn r
. Bit khi lng ca cc ht
Gii:
H
ng yn trng vi h khi tm. ng lng ca hai ht sn phm
phi c ln bng nhau
. Do chng ta c bt bin tng i s
s E Ep
p pp m2 m2p 2EEp 2p
2
T trn ta c:
Ta c
[ ] cn
c) Theo s quark
d=(pn)= [( )( )] qu trnh tng tc
mnh mt cp ( ) ca phn proton vi cp (ud) ca proton/neutron. Cp
( ) cn li hnh thnh
bay ra ngoi
phn r thnh
Trong khi
phn r thnh
tng tc mnh v tng tc in t
Gii
Ht c spin s= 1, trong khi c spin s= 0.
nh lut bo ton
ch xy ra khi momen qu o tng i ca chng
l
(sng P). Chng ta nh li rng boson tun theo thng k Bose-Einstein v
hm sng din t h boson ng nht phi c tnh i xng i vi s hon v ca
hai ht boson bt k. Do s phn r sng P b cm bi thng k Bose Enstein,
bi v h hai boson ng nht (
) trong sng P l hm sng phn xng.
Vi lp lun tng t, tt c boson vecto (J=1) phn r thnh hai ht ng
nht v hng (J=0) l b cm, th d
(3097)
(3097) c php
khng c php.
Gii:
) bao gm cp quark ( ) n l mt isospin singlet c I=0, trng
Ht (
thi cui
c cng isospin. Ht
l ht trung ha isospin triplet I=1 v
Iz=0. Trong khi ht l mt isospin singlet I=Iz=0
+
isospin 0 0
1
Nh vy vi phm isospin v b cm trong tng tc mnh
+
isospin 0 0
0
Isospin bo ton v phn r c php trong tng tc mnh