The English Monarchy and

Civil War
Mr. McCaskill

First and foremost

What is Parliament?
Parliament is the government.
In the United States, we have

Senators and Congressmen that

we vote for.
Parliament is basically the same
thing as our Senators/Congress!

Setting the Stage

During her reign, Queen

Elizabeth I of England had

frequent conflicts with
Parliament.
Many of the arguments were
over money.
The struggle between Parliament
and the monarchy would have

King James I
Elizabeth had no child, and her

nearest relative was her cousin,

James Stuart.
Already king of Scotland, James
Stuart became King James I of
England in 1603.
James inherited the unsettled
issues of Elizabeths time in
power.

Charles I Fights Parliament

In 1625, James I died.
Charles I, his son, took the throne.
Charles always needed money

because he was always at war.

Mainly with Spain and France

However, much like Queen

Elizabeth I, it was never a good

idea to talk back to the king!

Parliament and the petition

By 1628 Charles was forced to call

Parliament.
Parliament refused to grant him any
money until he signed a document known
as the Petition of Right.
In this petition the king agreed to four
major points.

A few rules
He would not imprison subjects

without due cause.

He would not create taxes without
Parliaments consent.
He would not house soldiers in
private homes.
He would not impose martial law in
peacetime.

Charles I Fights Parliament

The petition was an important

because the law was now higher than

the king.
After agreeing to the petition and
receiving money from Parliament, the
king ignored the petition.
To get money later, he imposed all
kinds of fees and fines on the English
people.
His popularity quickly decreased.

Charles Calls Parliament

Eventually rebellions threatened

to end the English monarchy.

To end this danger, Charles
needed money.
Money he could only get by
calling Parliament.
This gave Parliament a chance to
oppose him!

Limitations from Parliament

During the Fall of 1641, Parliament

passes laws to limit royal power.

Charles tried to arrest members of
Parliament in January 1642, but many
of them escaped.
A mob of Londoners planned to kill
the king.
Charles fled London and raised an
army in the north of England, where
people were loyal to him.

English Civil War

Royalist
King Charles I
Monarchy
We like to partay!!!!

Puritans

Oliver Cromwell

Puritans (Pure Christians)

We like to pray-ayyye!

English Civil War

From 1642-1649 supporters of King

Charles fought the English Civil War.

At first neither side could gain a lasting
advantage.
However, by 1644 the Puritans (the ones
who opposed King Charles) found a
general named Oliver Cromwell.
The tide quickly turned and in 1647 they
held the king prisoner.

English Civil War cont.

In 1649, Parliament brought

Charles to trial for treason.

The crime of betraying ones
country
They found him GUILTY!

Poor King Charles I

The execution of King Charles I

was revolutionary.
Never before had a reigning
monarch faced a public trial and
execution.
This ended monarchies in
England or so everyone
thought.

Cromwells Rule
Following the death of King Charles,

Cromwell took control of England.

In England, Cromwell and the
Puritans sought to reform society.
Laws were made that stopped
activities he found sinful.

Restoration and Revolution

Oliver Cromwell ruled until his death

in 1658.
People were sick of the laws and
rules set by the Puritans and
Cromwell.
Parliament voted to ask the older son
of Charles I to rule England.

Charles II Reigns
When Prince Charles entered

London in 1660, crowds shouted

joyfully and bells rang.
This marked the beginning of
Charles II reign.
This is known as the Restoration
because he restored the
monarchy.

Habeas Corpus
During Charles IIs reign, Parliament

passed an important guarantee of

freedom.
Habeas Corpus- this gave every prisoner
the right to obtain a document to specify
the charges against the them.
Because of habeas corpus, a monarch
could not put someone in jail simply for
opposing the ruler.

King Charles II is loved

People loved King Charles II more than

Cromwell.
He supported Parliament and brought back
all the aspects of life that people enjoyed
(sports, theatre, partying, etc.)
The restoration of the monarchy was a
huge success under King Charles II.

Fast Forward the Story

After Charles II and James II (the king who

followed Charles II) died, William and Mary take

over England.
William and Mary vowed to recognize
Parliament as their partner in government.
England had now become a constitutional
monarchy.
Constitutional Monarchy- Where laws limited the
king and queens power.
Parliament could not rule without the king and
the king could not rule without Parliament.