Auditing Theory

1. A control which relates to all parts of the EDP system is called a(n)
a. Systems control
c. Applications control
b. General control
d. Universal control
2. Which of the following is not an output control?
a. Proper authorization of transaction
b. Control totals
c. Check digits
d. Adequate documents
3. Should the auditor feel, after obtaining an understanding of the EDP internal
control structure, that control risk cannot be reduced, he or she will
a. Issue a disclaimer
b. Issue an adverse opinion
c. Increase the sample size for tests of controls
d. Expand the substantive testing portion of the audit
4. The real-time feature normally would be least useful when applied to
accounting for a firms
a. Bank-account balances
b. Property and depreciation
c. Customer accounts receivable
d. Merchandise inventory
5. A sample in which the characteristics in the sample are the same as those of
the population is a
a. Random sample
c. Attributes sample
b. Variables sample
d. Representative sample
6. Establishing a route through the random number table
a. Is an arbitrary decision
b. Needs to be done in advance of choosing the numbers
c. Is essential and the route must be followed consistently
d. Requires that all three of the above is true
7. When an auditor goes through a population and selects items for the sample
without regard to their size, source, or other distinguishing characteristics, it
is called
a. Block selection
b. Haphazard selection
c. Systematic selection
d. Statistical selection
8. Which of the following may be used to reduce the risk of non sampling errors?
a. Increasing the size of audit samples
b. Stratifying audit samples
c. Adequately planning audit samples
d. Using statistical sampling techniques

9. A number of factors influences the sample size for a substantive test of

details of an account balance. All other factors being equal, which of the
following would lead to larger sample size?
a. Greater reliance on internal control
b.
c. Smaller reliance o analytical procedures
d. Smaller measures of tolerable misstatement
10.Fraudulent financial reporting is often called
a. Management fraud
c. Defalcation
b. Theft of assets
d. Employee fraud
11.The most important general ledger account included in and affecting several
cycles is the
a. General cash account
c. Income tax expense ad liability accounts
b. Inventory accounts
d. Retained earnings account
12.In testing for cut-off , the objective is to determine
a. Whether all of the current periods transactions are recorded
b. That no transactions from the prior period are included in the current
periods balances
c. That no transactions of the curret period have been delayed and recorded
in the future period.
d. Whether transactions are recorded in the proper period.
13.The primary difference between an audit of the balance sheet and an audit of
the income statement lies in the fact that the audit of the income statement
deals with the verification of
a. Transactions
c. Costs
b. Authorization
d. Cutoffs
14.Documentation is a form of evidence
a. Used in every financial statement audit
b. Used in most financial statement audit
c. Used o the rate occasions when it is both readily available ad less costly
than other procedures
d. Used when nothing is available that is more competent
15.The current file of the auditors working papers generally should include
a. a flowchart of internal controls
b. organization charts
c. a copy of the financial statements
d. copies of bond and note indentures
16.An audit working paper that reflects the major components of an amount
reported in the financial statements is referred to as(an)
a. Lead schedule
c. Audit control schedule
b. Supporting schedule
d. Working trial balance
17.The major reason an independent auditor gathers audit evidence is to
a. Form an opinion on the financial statements

b. Detect fraud
c. Evaluate management
d. Evaluate internal control
18.An auditor most likely would analyze inventory turnover rates to obtain
evidence concerning managements assertions about
a. Existence or occurrence
b. Rights and obligations
c. Presentation and disclosure
d. Valuation and allocation
19.To which type of the following matters would materiality limits not apply when
obtaining client representations?
a. Losses from sales commitments.
b. Unasserted claims and assessments
c. Irregularities involving management
d. Noncompliance with contractual agreements
20.Which of the following procedures is more likely to be performed i a review
engagement of a non-public entity that i n a compilation engagement?
a. Gaining an understading of the entitys business transactions
b. Making a preliminary assessment of control risk
c. Obtaining a representation letter from the chief executive officer
d. Assisting the entity i adjusting the accounting records
21.In auditing accounts payable, an auditors procedures most likely would focus
primarily o managements assertion of
a. Existence or occurrence
b. Presentation and disclosure
c. Completeness
d. Valuation or allocation
22.Before goods are shipped on account, a properly authorized person must
a. Prepare the sales invoice
b. Approve the journal entry
c. Approve credit
d. Verify that the unit price is accurate
23.Which of the following is not a auditors concern about a key authorization
point in the sales/collection cycle
a. The receiving room must have authorization before releasing items to
inventory control
b. Credit must be authorized before sale
c. Goods must be shipped after the authorization
d. Prices must be authorized
24.Whenever footing ad comparisons are restricted to journals, master file
records, and ledgers, the process is
a. Valuation
c. Cutoff
b. Summarization
d. Completeness

25.The most significant effect of the results of the tests of controls substantive
tests of transactions in tha sales and collection cycle is on
a. Allowance for uncollectible accounts
b. Bad debts expense account
c. Confirmation of accounts receivable
d. Income tax payable
26.There is a difference between internal control objectives and audit objectives.
Which of the following is not an audit objective?
a. Validity
c. Valuation
b. Completeness
d. Authorization
27.For effective internal control, employees maintaining the accounts receivable
subsidiary ledger should not also approve
a. Employee overtime wages
b. Credit granted to customers
c. Write-offs of customer accounts
d. Cash disbursement
28.The general cash account is considered significant in almost all audits
a. Where the ending balance is material
b. Where either the beginning balance is material
c. Even when the ending balance is immaterial
d. Except those of not-for-profit organizations
29.Sales order form and invoice blanks should be controlled in the
a. Sales order section of the sales department
b. Billing clerk in the accounting department
c. Credit manager in the credit department
d. Sales manager in the sales department
30.Which of the following is a substantive test of transactions
a. Review personnel policies
b. Account for a sequence of payroll checks
c. Reconcile the disbursements i the payroll journal with the disbursements
on the payroll bank statement
d. Examine printouts of transactions rejected by the computer as having
invalid employee numbers
31.The information typically needed to prepare a production order would not
include a
a. Sales forecast
c. Inventory plan
b. Production plan
d. Bill of materials
32.The substantive test which requires the auditor to trace from a file of
receiving reports to the acquisitions journal satisfies the objective of
a. Validity
c. Completeness
b. Authorization
d. Valuation
33.An auditor usually examines receiving reports to support entries in the
a. Voucher register and sales return journal
b. Sales journal and sales return journal

c. Voucher register and sales journal

d. Check register and sales journal
34.The inventory and warehousing cycle can be thought of as comprising two
separate but closely related systems, one involving the actual physical flow of
goods, and the other the
a. internal control over those goods
b. related costs
c. storing of the goods
d. prevention of wastes, obsolenscence, and theft
35.In planning an audit engagement, which of the following is a factor that
affects the independent auditors judgement as to the quantity, type, and
content of working papers?
a. The estimated occurrence rate of attributes
b. The preliminary evaluation based upon initial substantive testing
c. The content of the clients representation letter
d. The anticipated nature of the auditors report
36.A listing of all the things which the auditor will use to gather sufficient,
competent evidence is the
a. audit procedure
b. audit plan
c. audit program
d. audit risk model
37.The primary emphasis in most tests of details of balances is on the
a. balance sheet accounts
b. income statement accounts
c. cash flow statement accounts
d. three statements above
38.Tracing recorded sales transactions in the sales journal to the shipping
documents (bills of lading) provides evidence about the
a. Completeness of recording of sales transactions
b. Occurrence of sales transactions
c. billing of all sales transactions
d. presentation of payables
39.Which of the following is the best audit procedure for the detection of
lapping?
a. Comparison of postings of cash receipts to accounts with the details of
cash deposits
b. Confirmation of the cash balance
c. Reconciliation of the cash account balances
d. Preparing a proof of cash
40.

To gather evidence regarding the balance per bank in the bank

reconciliation, an auditor could examine all of the following except
a. Cut-off bank statement
b. year-end bank statement
c. bank confirmation

d. general ledger
41.The confirmation of accounts receivable is most closely associated with
a. business risk
b. detection risk
c. inherent risk
d. relative risk
42.The clients physical count of inventories is lower than the inventory
quantities in the perpetual records. This could be the result of a failure to
record
a. purchases
b. purchases discounts
c. sales
d. sales discounts
43.The most likely technique for the current year audit of goodwill which was not
acquired three years ago by a continuing audit client.
a. Confirmation
b. Observation
c. Recomputation
d. Inquiry
44.The auditor will
understatement of
a. revenues
b. assets
c. liabilities
d. capital

most

likely

perform

extensive

tests

for

possible

45.If the auditor is determined to lack independence, a disclaimer of opinion

must be issued
a. in all cases
b. only if it is highly material
c. only if it is material
d. if the client requests it
46.The use of negative assurances in audit reports of historical financial
statements is
a. a violation of the standards of reporting
b. encouraged by the Philippine Institute of CPAs
c. a help in clarifying the degree of responsibility by being assumed by the
auditor
d. properly located in the opinion paragraph of the unqualified report
47.Unqualified financial statements for the prior year presented in comparative
form with audited financial statements for the current year should be clearly
marked to indicate their status and
I.
The report on the prior period should be reissued to
accompany the current period report

II.

a.
b.
c.
d.

The report on the current period should include as a

separate paragraph description of the responsibility
assumed for the prior periods financial statements

I only
II only
Both I and II
Either I or II

48.Compilation services are intended to enable a CPA firm to compete with

a. Management advisory service firms
b. Tax preparation businesses
c. Computer service business
d. Bookkeeping firms
49.A modification of the CPAs report on a review of the interim financial
statements of a publicly-held company would be necessitated by which of the
following?
a. An uncertainty
b. Lack of consistency
c. Reference to another accountant
d. Inadequate disclosure
50.Comfort letters ordinarily are signed by the clients
a. independent auditor
b. underwriter of securities
c. audit committee
d. senior management

ANSWER KEY

1) B
2) B
3) D
4) B
5) D
6) D
7) B
8) C
9) D
10) A
11) A
12) D
13) A
14) A
15) C
16) D
17) A
18) D
19) C
20) C
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)

C
C
A
B
D

26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)
39)
40)
41)
42)
43)
44)
45)
46)
47)
48)
49)
50)

D
D
D
A
C
D
C
A
B
D
D
A
B
A
D
B
D
C
C
A
A
D
D
A
A