SPUR GEARS GEARS * toothed members used to transmit rotary motion from one shaft to another * used for mechanical power transmission SPUR GEARS axes of gears sre parallel CONJUGATE GEAR. ACTION OTH “As the gears rotate. the common nomnal to the surfaces at the point of contact must always intersect the line of centres at the same point, P, which is called the pitch point” Line behwern gear Cenbens The most common gear shape that satisfies this condition is called the INVOLUTE gear profile FryCONJUGATE GEAR-TOOTH ACTION “As the gears rotate, the common normal to the surfaces at the point of contact must always intersect the line of centres at the same point, P, which is called the pitch point” The most common gear shape that satisfies this condition is called the INVOLUTE gear profile th MATING SPUR GEARS Ww, Pioien Geuse as * GEAR -the larger of the two gears ‘% PINION. the smaller of the two gears % PITCH CIRCLE - locus of the pitch points -) where: ‘g, = anguler velocity of the pinion (rad/s*)‘,= angular velocity of the gear (rad/s. 4, pitch circle diameter of the pinion (m) = pitch circle diameter of the gear (m) Negative sign indicates that clockwise rotation in one causes anti-clockwise rotation in the other (and visa versa). The distance between the centres of the gears is ee nx4s) 2 Q) QTHER TERMINOLOGY Pitch point, P Circular pitch, p Pitch circle diameter, d Number of teeth, N Module (m) = d (mm) +) N ‘ny is inmm per tooth The module is fixed for a given set of mating gears (gear train) mranges from 0.2 to~6mm (um per: ‘tooth) 4 6.35 3 5.08 10 15 20 40 80 The contact force between two mating gears is always at the same angle, This is known as the pressure angle, 9. “Involute profile maintains a constant pressure angle as the gears rotate” Pressure angle, = 20° for UK, Europe and Asia. Vener Cert t GEAR FORCE ANALYSIS an ren fa Dewen A tangential force, F;, is transmitted to the mating gear due to the torque: where F, = T/(d/2) wf) Also, a radial force, F,, is generated due to the angle of contact between the mating gears (j.¢. pressure angle): where F, =F, tan > 6)F, acts towards the centre of the mating gear and is reacted by the shaft supporting the gear. Torque, power and speed are related by: POWER (W) = TORQUE (Nm) x ANGULAR VELOCITY (rad/s) P=To 6) where o=22S$ 60 +7) (Sinrpm) EXAMPLE — THREE MATING SPUR GEARS EXAMPLE — THREE MATING SPER GEASS mS ay, EewsGea A On = Mex NA = 2x20 = 4O mm UW = Looe xtx + 104-92 rdf 60 Powe = Tow 7. Ta = 28,000 = 238.22 Nm POD we Fe = Ta = 28833 = 1/23G6N (ay) 302 - = ied EN f= Fe tend = IAI x Fon 20° f= 434 4N We = - S236 male (is opponte Geac C Merman Baas SO mw We = ~ da ay de Wes = 9 *(- 5240) We t+ 83628 wl AoB Te = Fe * (4) = ABE ~ (288) New Fe 2 = Z9R HL Nim Force axeced ear Bon tts shaft ey Power = Te We = 29R42 x 83+F% 19 a Forces in kNWe DOVELE REDUCTION GEA TANS - Gud M heh Few fozet > tet) “Trereal*[ WACK Abel ag, ay Fe = 23-02 Ky Nobe An equal and opposite Lome 15 Septied, by the shatt on the “idler jer,nm View from dirction Y Agplied Mahe Beye. — eee (4/2) Driver OY 8 a ae Th =F (de Dever (&A) (i) Hance ~ Feceas on Counter hat 7 Ao the beénonal planet Faram g Fe Rar Rua Fe € md Raw Rae by Taking momante2 Tn Phe verlest planers 7 Fetund a S Ru Aso Fink Ry, and Ruy By Foley monet Fe tong s Rua 3, Toke) Dear radial loads c— Zant ary CAN) toads R £ he Rar Rue 14 BUGLE KEWCTION _ Genegox SAMPLE ee SAKES For the Previous cont puntbion t= M = Me = 2 > memes 3 Na = Lo Nos 1S Ne =20 Na = 20 R= Skv @ 800 «pes BC = bom | = 200 Caleta = Taper % Oubpet reqne % adicl fort so beans Aisin te pover losses. TH He eleven, af ead gear pate ik FSD, calalke He nas reqs ok geneEPICYCLIC (PLANETARY) GEAR TRAINS PLANET ARM Son RING eg. 3 planet gear system2i EPICYCLIC (PLANETARY) GEAR TRAINS » ARM is not attached to SUN gear > Generally 2 or more PLANET gears equally spaced > Increase in torque and power capacity > Used in automatic gearboxes (c.g. cars)3 MODES OF OPERATION 1. With the ARM fixed simple gear train, SUN and RING rotate in the opposite direction (c.g. reverse gear) 2. With the RING fixed SUN and ARM rotate in the same direction 3. With the SUN fixed RING and ARM rotate in the same direction but with a different speed ratio to Option 2.ite. These three members have three functions, depending on the.mode of operation:- > INPUT >» OUTPUT > FIXED REACTION MEMBER A clutch is used to lock any two of the SUN, ARM or RING together. Under these conditions, the whole system rotates as a single unit. ANALYSIS OF FORCES In this analysis ,the SUN is fixcd (ic. SUN is reaction member)To ANALYSIS OF FORCES aLek Oe an as de = RAG dvamber = ROM NY amater = Sow diamtee = RAweT diameter a (AeA) " W a 26 hema i~ dy = de sae 2 Br Safes Ti) (deed 3 &A ¢ Te = (de +ds) T, de To “(' + o\T de SeExampic ‘The Figure shows an cpicyclic gear train im which the wheel A is helt seationary and the arm j= rotated at 300 rpm. The compound planet B & C rotates freely on a pin carried by the arm. The number of teeth are: ASse, B= 20, C30 and D—30 tecth, Find the speed and rection of wheel D?. Mo E c zs |_-4 ae 1 > “a T= S0testh | Te 20, to=0 | Ta=30 | ARM x BC B E = Rote whole gear [eonin tram. +m =m. Sm om 2 Fie ARM rotate. Bie crm | -zovsay 9 +m, Lmaorz0y o Aaa eS ears) =o pa = Since Wheel A is held stationary ==> art(z/Sya- O .(1) & Arm rotmes at 300 rpm >>>> m~300 xpm .-.(2) From (1) >> n= (5/2)m or n= (5/2) 300+ 750 rpm Hence, Gear D= m-(4/3) n= 300 - (4/3) 750= -700 rom