PERTEMUAN KE-2

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

Prinsip Dasar Perpindahan

Panas

Heat conduction

Rate of heat transfer:

dT
Q kA

dx

where T = temperature at any point in the wall

x = thickness of the wall
A=area of the wall
k= thermal conductivity (Btu/hr.ft.F)
-dT/dx = temperature gradient
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Thermal Conductivity
Silver

410 W/m. C

237 Btu/h.ft.F

Copper

385 W/m. C

223 Btu/h.ft.F

Diamond

2300 W/m. C

1329
Btu/h.ft.F

Quartz

41.6 W/m. C

24 Btu/h.ft.F

Sandstone

0.78 W/m. C

0.45
Btu/h.ft.F

Ammonia

0.147 W/m. C

0.085
Btu/h.ft.F

Water

0.556 W/m. C

Hydrogen
Air

Metals

Nonmetallic
solids

Liquids

0.327
Btu/h.ft.F
0.175 W/m. C 0.101
Btu/h.ft.F
0.0206 W/m.
C

0.0119
Btu/h.ft.F

Gases

Thermal conductivity is strongly

temperature-dependent.

Heat convection
Rate of heat transfer:

Q hAdT
Hot water rises,
cools, and falls

Heated air rises,

cools, then falls. Air
near heater is
replaced by cooler
air, and the cycle
repeats.

where
h = heat transfer coefficient

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Heat convection

Natural or Free Heat

Convection

Force Heat
Convection
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Convection heat-transfer
coefficients
Free Convection
Vertical plate 0.3m high in air

4.5 W/m2. C

0.79
Btu/h.ft2.F

Horizontal cylinder, 2-cm diameter,

in air Convection
Forced

6.5 W/m. C

1.14Btu/h.ft.F

Airflow at 2m/s over 0.2-m square

plate

12 W/m2. C

2.1 Btu/h.ft2.F

Airflow at 2m/s over 0.2-m square

plate water
Boiling

75 W/m. C

13.2
Btu/h.ft.F

In a pool or container

2,500-35,000 W/m2.
C

400-600 Btu/h.ft2.F

Condensation of water vapor

Vertical surfaces

4,000-11,300W/m2.
C

700-2,000 Btu/h.ft2.F
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Convection heat transfer from a plate

Flow

T
q
Tw
wall

Since the velocity of the fluid layer at the wall will be zero, the
heat must be transferred only by conduction at that point.

Newtons law of cooling:

Q hA(Tw T )
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Heat radiation
Radiation is heat from the sun that
travels in the form of waves.

Rate of heat transfer:

Q A(T14 T24 )

where
= Stefan-Boltzmann constant
(5.669 x 10-8 W/m2.K4)
= emissivity
T= absolute temperature

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Practice in class
1) 1nm = ? mm
2) 1ft = ? mm (1ft = 0.3048m)
3) 900 R = ? K
F = 9/5C+32
R = F+459.69
K = C+273.16
R = 9/5K

4) 1 BTU/hr.ft2 = ? W/m2 (1BTU = 1.05504 kJ; W=J/s)

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