File as a backend

Files which are used as backend are generally called

as flat files
Flat file means, it is a file which is no way related with
any programming language or any technology
We can transfer data in the form of text (i/o streams)
or in the form of objects (serialization)
Limitations
Dont have any query language support
Doesnt support relationship between the data
Less secured
Why JDBC?
Initial days, database vendor provided functions (API)
are used to for communicating with a database
The applications which are using the vendor API are
called vendor dependent applications, it makes
applications as database dependent
Example, for connecting C or C++ programs with
oracle database, we use the functions given by oracle
in header file called orcl.h
To solve database dependency problem a community
was formed with professionals of different MNCs
called X/open
X/open created a set of rules for transferring
commands to a database and for reading results from a
database in a database independent manner
By using X/open CLI (Call Level Interface), Microsoft
and Simba technologies jointly created ODBC (Open
Database Connectivity) API