sin? @ 4 cos? = 1 sin? @ = 1—cos?@ cos? 6 =1—sin? 0 tan? 6 +1 = sec? tan? @ = sec? @— 1 sec? @ — tan? @ = 1 1 + cot?@ 28 cot? @ = csc? — 1 csc? 0 — cot? @ SC sin 26 = sin(w + y) = sinrcosy+cosrsiny, cos(# + y) = cosx cosy — sina sin sin(a — 4) =sinecosy —cosxsing, cos(a— 4) = cosa cosy +sinasin sin @ cos 4 cos 20 = 2cos?@—1 cos 20 = 1+ 2sii tane + tany tan(e —y) = tee a tang tan(a2 + 4) = ————__ — ( ) 1—tanetany 1+ tana tany 8 -8 sina +sin 3 = 2Qsin (° * ) cos (° ) sina — sin 9 = 2cos (: = 2) sin (° — 2) 3 3 cosa + cos = dems (SF ) on (* ) cos a — cos J = —2sin (G ’) sin (° 5 ’)1 sinz cosy = 5 (sin(w + y) + sin(a — y)) . 1. os cosa siny = 5 (sin(e + y) — sin(x — y)) 1 cos x COSY = 3 (costar —y)+cos(x +y)) sinzsiny = 3 (cos(x —y)— cos(a+ y))1 = (ec —e~*) for alll real a, read as hyperbolic sine of 2. sinh(x) 2 Liye cosh() = = (e” +e), for all real x, read as hyperbolic cosine of « sinh(x) — tanh(r) = for all real 2, read as hyperbolic tangent c hin) et 4 coth(r) =< EF 5 20, read as hyperbolic cotangent of 2. sinh(x) — e* 7 2 sech (c) = —— = —=—, for all real x, read as hyperbolic secant of . cohe @ +e* esch (v) = x £0, read as hyperbolic cosecant of 2. sinh(r) Theorem 3.2.1 (The Chain Rule), Suppose that g is defined in an open interval I containing ¢, and f is defined in an open interval J containing g(c), such that g(x) és in J for alla in I. Ifg is differentiable at c, and f is differentiable at g(c), then the composition (f og) is differentiable at ¢ and (Ff og)'(e) = Fale) 9). In general, if u = g(x) and y= f(u), then aTheorem 3.3.4 (Differentiation of Hyperbolic Functions) 1 1 (i) © (sinhx) = cosh (ii) & (cosh) = sinh Ge de d, > d , 2 (iii) J (taba) = sech*ix (iv) J (oothe) = cseh*a (o) © (och x de d —sech tanh (vi) + (esch a) de ‘esch x coth «4.2. ANTIDIFFERENTIATION 3. ft de =In|z|+e c [rneou = — cos(ar) + ¢ a , La cos(ax)dx = = sin(ax) +c a © fonts jdx = — In|sec(ax)| + ¢ a 1 LM. [oosienia = =In|sin(ax)| +c a 13. f , 15. [ow vdx = coshw + ¢ 1". fron de = In| cosh 2| +¢ 18. [cote dx = In|sinh2| +e SB 1 svile r) = — cosh(ax) +0 a wy 0, [oorlonite == sinh(asr) + ¢ a 1 21. / tanh(ar)dx = — In|coshaz| +e a B 1 2. | coth(axide =* In| sinh(ar)| +c 4. fo r dx = —cosr+e 6. [oor dte sine 8. firme de = In| seca| +c 10. foo de = In|sin | +e 12. fou =e Le la. fora =e 4 a 16. foo dx = sinh + ¢23. 30. o4 35. / / / / / / / / [: / / / / seer dx = In| seca + tana|+c csea dx = —In| csex + cots] + ¢ see(ar)de In| sec(az) + tan(ax)| +e cse(ax)dx sec? rde = tana +¢ sec*(aa)dx -1 tan(aw) +e ese? a dx = —cotr +e ese? (aw)d: cot(ar) +e ana de = tans —2 +e cot? x dx = —cotax —a2 +e sin? x dar = i 2 cos® secrtana da = seca +6 In| ese(a.r) + cot(ar)| +e 1 (@ =sinxcosir) +e= 5 (= 1 1 r= (r+sinrcosr)+e= ZF (r+ 5 )+e=5 ( sin Qe —)+e sin 2x 4 © 2