Marina Farag

ISM Period 1
"6.2 Implantation Stages." Implantation Stages. Web. 19 Sept. 2015.
< http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/gnidation/etape02.html>

There are three implantation stages can be distinguished: Adplantation of the blastocyst
on the endometrium, adhesion of the blastocyst to the endometrium, and invasion of the
trophoblast and embedding.

When the blastocyst emerges from the pellucid zone on the 5th day, it comes into contact
with the maternal uterine mucosa in that it embeds itself in the endometrium with its
embryonic pole.

The blastocyst hatches out of the partially dissolved zona pellucida.

This reception-ready phase of the endometrium lasts 4 days (20th -23rd day) and is
usually termed the "implantation window".

The progesterone and the oestrogen are responsible for an oedema that already fills the
flattened out uterine cavity.

Also contributes to the blastocyst being pressed against the uterine epithelium.

During the entire time span from ovulation up to implantation, the oocyte is enveloped by
the pellucid zone, where its role changes.

The pellucid zone is initially united with the cells of the corona radiata during the
transport of the oocyte within the fallopian tube.

At the moment of fertilization it facilitates the acrosomal reaction of the sperm cells.

The pellucid zone possesses no HLA antigen and thus acts as an immunological barrier in
relation to the mother.

An important role of the pellucid zone is the prevention of a premature implantation of

the embryo in the tube region.

After the apposition of the free blastocyst at the uterine epithelium themicrovilli on the
surface of the outermost trophoblast cells interact with the epithelial cells of the uterus.

The adhesion of the blastocyst on the endometrium arises through cell surface
glycoproteins.

This source explains the basics of implantation and the beginning stages of the development of
the fetus inside a mothers womb. The source also explains the place in which they
develop and have explanation of how its not affected by anything surrounding it.