2. Molecutar Biology (Core) - 2.1 Molecules to metabolism Understandings, Applications and Skills (This is what you Name: maybe assessed on) carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. 2.1,U7 Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved. 2.1.U2 Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a ree diversity of stable compounds to exist. 2.1.03 Life is based on carbon compounds including ‘Sugars include monosaccharides and disaccharides. Only one saturated fat is expected and its specific name is not necessary. The variable radical of amino acids can be shown as R. The structure of individual R-groups does not need to be memorized. | living organisms but can also be artificially synthesized. Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a generalized amino acid. 2482 ~ Identification of biochemicals such as sugars, lipids or amino acids from molecular diagrams. Recommended resources: http:/oioknowleday.weebly.com/21-mol mht 24,04 Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism, [24.05 “Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules trom simpler molecules including the formation of, macromolecules from monomers by condensation | toactions, io | 21.08 ~ Catabolism is the breakdown | simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of le macromolecules into monomers. 21.A1 Urea as an example of a compound thal is produced by Only the ring forms of glucose and beta-D-glucose are expected in drawings. ‘Students should be abie to recognize from molecular diagrams that triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids are lipids. Drawings of steroids are not expected. Proteins or parts of polypeptides should be recognized from molecular diagrams showing amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Allott, Andrew. Biology: Course Companion. S.l.: Oxford UP, 2014. Print. biypi/Ahiokuowledgy.wweebly.co {Chris Paine)2, Molecular Biology (Core) ~ 2.1 Molecules to metabolism Name: 2.1,U1 Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical s involved. 2.1,U4 Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism, 1, The structure of DNA was discovered in 1953, since then molecular Biology has transformed our understanding of living processes. a. Outline the relationship between genes (DNA) and polypeptides. b. Outline what the term metabolic pathway means. c. Referring to the term metabolic pathway describe what the term metabolism means to a molecular biologist. d. Describe the reductionist approach that a molecular biologist uses discover the working of a metabolic pathway. @, Explain why ultimately the reductionist approach used by molecular biologists might be a lit one. 2.4.U2 Car ms can form four covale allowing a diver it mn 2. Despite only being the 15th most abundant element on the planet carbon forms the backbone of every single organic molecule. ‘What type of bonds can carbon molecules form? And how does the strength of these bonds compare with other types of bond? b. Explain why Carbon can form four bonds with up to four different atoms, and explain why. hup://bioknowlesigy.weebly.co (Chris Paine)2. Molecular Biology (Core) 3 Life is ba 2.1 Molecules to metabolism arbon compounds including car Name: ids, proteins and nucleic acids, 3. Compare the key feature of the different groups of organic molecules by completing the table below. Key features Examples carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids hup:/{hivknowledgy weebly.com/ (Chris Paine)2, Molecular Biology (Core) ~ 2.1 Molecules to metabolism Name: .1.$1 Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a generalized amino acid. 4. Draw the simplified (ring) structures of glucose and ribose. Number the carbon atoms correctly. Which sugar is a pentose? Which is a hexose? How are they named this way? 5. Octanoic acid is a fatty acid with the formula CHs(CH2)SCOOH. Draw the structure of molecule and explain why itis called a saturated fatty acid. 6. Draw the generalised structure of an amino acid. Label and annotate the diagram to show the different groups that comprise amino acids. ttp://bioknowledgy.weebly.com/ (Chris Paine)2. Molecular Biology (Core) ~ 2.1 Molecules to metabolism Name: 2.1.82 Identification of biochemicals such as sugars. lipids or amino acids from molecular diagrams. on 7. Which type of molecule is shown in the diagram to the right? 8. The diagrams below show various! + molecular structures. chh-—(CH), —€ on a. Identify which of the diagrams represent: i. the structure of glucose. mt ji, the structure of an amino acid. iii, the structure of fatty acids. b. Discuss which of the molecules are most similar in structure. 4 1 H if i ‘OW Le | I on on ® 4 ° eee cf bttp://bioknowledgy.weebly.com/ (Chvis Paine)2, Molecular Biology (Core) - 2.1 Molecules to metabolism Name: 2.4,U5 Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions. 2.1,U6 Catabolism breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules includi rolysis ‘of macror les into monomers. 9. Distinguish between the terms anabolism and catabolism. anabolism catabolism synthesis or breakdown? type of reaction substrates products water produced or used? enzymesiagent involved ee 10. Annotate the diagram below to complete your notes on anabolism and catabolism. In the carbohydrate section add a named example, include both the names of the molecules and enzymes. Condensation makes bonds, Hydrolysis breaks bonds H,0 H,0 condensation sotecase AP water oUt See ove cs monomer nutes dimer 4—_tniskse — polymer hydrolysis RH0 wo 149. ‘Ho se eee 8, : 2 dipeptide ===" polypeptide 3 ES 8 : pcaeyapeieestegee ates 5 oF read geeaeerh creer ese ~ Reece aes ag Hears eat monosaccharide —==* disaccharide —~—*polysaccharide £ Sze NES £ He = a i s ev ene i v : 5 HOR : btin:g/bioknowleday.weebly.coms (Chris Paine)Name: 2, Molecular Biology (Core) ~ 2.1 Molecules to metabolism 2.1.41 Urea as an example ind that is produced by living organisms but can also be artificialh synthesized. 11. Vitalism is a theory that nowadays has no credit. a. Describe the central tenant that Wohler falsified. b. Wohler accidentally artificially synthesised urea, hence falsifiying vitalism. What compound was he trying to produce? c. Accidental discoveries are a surprisingly common part of the development of scientific understanding. Referring to the IB guide identify which ‘Nature of Science’ points this example applies to. Citations: Allott, Andrew. Biology: Course Companion. $.1.: Oxtord UP, 2014. Print. hup://bioknowledgy.weebly.com/, (Chris Paine)