Boom of the 1980s: rise of expert systems, Fifth Generation Project,

Alvey, MCC, SCI:

McCorduck 2004, pp. 426441
Crevier 1993, pp. 161162,197203, 211, 240
Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 24
NRC 1999, pp. 210211
Second AI winter:
McCorduck 2004, pp. 430435
Crevier 1993, pp. 209210
NRC 1999, pp. 214216
Formal methods are now preferred ("Victory of the neats"):
Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 2526
McCorduck 2004, pp. 486487
McCorduck 2004, pp. 480483
Markoff 2011.
Administrator. "Kinect's AI breakthrough explained". i-programmer.info.
http://readwrite.com/2013/01/15/virtual-personal-assistants-the-futureof-your-smartphone-infographic
Problem solving, puzzle solving, game playing and deduction:
Russell & Norvig 2003, chpt. 39,
Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, chpt. 2,3,7,9,
Luger & Stubblefield 2004, chpt. 3,4,6,8,
Nilsson 1998, chpt. 712
Uncertain reasoning:
Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 452644,
Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 345395,
Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 333381,
Nilsson 1998, chpt. 19
Intractability and efficiency and the combinatorial explosion:
Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 9, 2122
Psychological evidence of sub-symbolic reasoning:
Wason & Shapiro (1966) showed that people do poorly on completely
abstract problems, but if the problem is restated to allow the use of
intuitive social intelligence, performance dramatically improves. (See
Wason selection task)
Kahneman, Slovic & Tversky (1982) have shown that people are terrible
at elementary problems that involve uncertain reasoning. (See list of
cognitive biases for several examples).
Lakoff & Nez (2000) have controversially argued that even our
skills at mathematics depend on knowledge and skills that come from "the
body", i.e. sensorimotor and perceptual skills. (See Where Mathematics
Comes From)
Knowledge representation:
ACM 1998, I.2.4,
Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 320363,