Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp.

2346, 6981, 169196, 235277,

281298, 319345,
Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 227243,
Nilsson 1998, chpt. 18
Knowledge engineering:
Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 260266,
Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 199233,
Nilsson 1998, chpt. ~17.117.4
Representing categories and relations: Semantic networks, description
logics, inheritance (including frames and scripts):
Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 349354,
Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 174177,
Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 248258,
Nilsson 1998, chpt. 18.3
Representing events and time:Situation calculus, event calculus, fluent
calculus (including solving the frame problem):
Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 328341,
Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 281298,
Nilsson 1998, chpt. 18.2
Causal calculus:
Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 335337
Representing knowledge about knowledge: Belief calculus, modal logics:
Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 341344,
Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 275277
Ontology:
Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 320328
Qualification problem:
McCarthy & Hayes 1969
Russell & Norvig 2003[page needed]
While McCarthy was primarily concerned with issues in the logical
representation of actions, Russell & Norvig 2003 apply the term to the
more general issue of default reasoning in the vast network of
assumptions underlying all our commonsense knowledge.
Default reasoning and default logic, non-monotonic logics,
circumscription, closed world assumption, abduction (Poole et al. places
abduction under "default reasoning". Luger et al. places this under
"uncertain reasoning"):
Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 354360,
Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 248256, 323335,
Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 335363,
Nilsson 1998, ~18.3.3
Breadth of commonsense knowledge: