72 Demam Berdarah Dengue

72
D EM A M B ER DA R A H D EN GU E
Su h e
n d ro
L e o
d Na i n g g o la n ,
n a r
K h ie
P EN D A H U L U A N
De m
a m d e n g u e ( D F) d a n d e m a
m b e rd a ra h d e n u e D B D
(
)
g
De
g a n
d em am
le u k o
p e n ia
d ia t e s i s
r u
r i
ya n g d it a n d
he m a t o k r i t )
t o
l i m
h e m o r a ik
g
f a
Pa d
/ at au
t i ,
t r o
s i t o
i a
h e m o k o n se n t ra si
p enu m p u kan
c a ir a n
d i
tu b u h
y a n g
d it a n d a i o le h
P a
10 0
Po h a n
ta hu n 19 9 9
Pe
re n a t a n /
j
r a t
t e rse b a r
d e n g a n
r i b
i a
In d
se b a ra n
u d u k ( 19 8 9
m enu ru n
se lu ru h
s e
h in g g a
n u la ra n
g an
j e r n ih
o le h v i r u s d e n g u e
ke l u a r g
F la v iv i r i d a e
b e r d a ra h d e n g u e d is e b a b k a n
r m
t e
Fl a v
a s u
Te r d
D EN
ap at 4
-
in fe ksi v iru s
4 ya n g
u ka n
d i
e n
F l a v
iv
i r u
m e n ca p a i
3 5
p e r
r t a
2 95
l i t a
p a d a
d e n g u e
t e rj a d i
.
m e la lu i
g yp t i d a n
n i n g k a t a n k a s u s s e t i a p t a h u n n y a b e r k a it a n
D EN
1,
E N
m e nye b ab kan
d e n g a n
Ke e m
D EN
E N
d e n g an
t e r s e d ia n y a
te m p at
pa d a h e w a n
ke l e l a w a r d a n
m a m a lia
ata
p rim
b e ra p a
pe n in g k at a n
l e
k a s
fa k t o r
d ik e t a h u i
t ra n sm isi
b ia k a n
p a d a t a n v e kt o r d i lin g k u n g a n
sat u
a t
t e m p at
ke
t e m p at
p a t se ro t ip e
terh
m e ru p a k a n
cu ra h h uj a n
ad ap ny am u k
,
i a
la in ; 2 )
it a s i
j e n is
b e r k a it a n
v iru s
p e n d e r it a d i l i n g k u n g a n / k e l u a r g a
d em am
t e
v e kt o r : p e r k e m b a n g b ia k a n v e k t o r,
a n ese
d e n g u e d e n g a n F l a v i v i r u s l a i n s e p e r t i Ye l l o w / e v e q J a p
la b o r a t o r iu m
k a
d e n g u e
i a
r a
pej a
m u
i l i s
y a it u :
1)
i
i t
po rt a s i v e kt o r d a ri
d e n g a n
: t e rd a p a t n y a
a
k e la m in ; 3 )
Ii n
r a
g ku n g an :
d an ke p ad at an p e nd u d u k
a n t a r a se ro t ip e
Te r d a p a t r e a k s i s i l a n g
e n c e p h o t i t i s d a n W e st N i t e v i r u s
( b a k m a n d i,
Be
s ,
v ir u s d e n g a n
ke
b e rd a ra h d e n g u e
In d o n e s ia
.
a ta
se m u any a d a p a t
se ro t y p e t e r b a n y a k
Da ta m
Pe
s a n it a s i l i n g k u n g a n
a ir la in n y a )
r i b o n u k le a t r a n t a i t u n g g a l
s e r o t i p e v i ru s y a it u
ue atau d em am
d it e m
10 6
b e r a t m o le k u l 4
m e ru p a ka n
iv i r u s
e t e r 3 0 n m t e rd ir i d a r i a sa m
de n g a n
p e r i n d u k a n b a g i n y a m u k b e t i n a y a it u b e j a n a y a n g b e r is i a i r
d eng u e d a n d e m am
am
p e rn ah
h in g g a
k a
15
v e k t o r n y a m u k g e n u s A e d e s (t e r u t a m a A
de n
w ila y a h
h in g g a
1 9 9 5 ); d a n
lu a r b ia sa
k p ad a t a h u n 19 9 8
A s ia
o n e s ia m e r u p a k a n
a n t a ra
h in g g a
k e j a d ia n
w ila y a h
d i
d i
d i In d o n e sia
D BD
sa at
ET I O LO G I
de n g
d e n g u e
00 0 p e n d
o l b o p i c t u s)
da n
10 0 000 p e n d u d u
D BD c e n d e r u n g
d ia m
s i f i k
e n d e m is
m e n in g k a t t aj a m
am
d e ng u e
n g g a ra
pe r
de m
De m
a n
b e rd a ra h
r o m r e n j a t a n d e n g u e (d e n u e s h o c k s n d r o m e a d a la h
g
)
y
b e rd a ra h
im
t a n a h a i r In s i d e
(p e n in g k a t a n
ro n g g a
m am
w i la y a h
ny e ri se n d i a n
y
g d is e r t a i
Si n d
sy o k
Te
m a n if e st a s i
a D B D t e r a d i e re m b e sa n
j
p
p la sm a
ai d en g an
atau
H e r d
EP I D EM I O LO G I
de n g u e h o e m o r r h o g i c f e v e r ( D H F a d a l a h e n a k i i
)
t n fe k si
p
y
ya n g d i s e b a b k a n o l e h v i r u s d e n u e d e n
kl i n i s
C h e n ,
PA T O G EN ES I S
re p lik a si
v ir u s d e n g u e d a p a t b e
se p e rt i
t ik u s,
l i n
i ,
Su r v e i e p i d e m i l o g i p a d a
jin g
Pa t o
g e n e sis t e rj a d i n y a d e m a m
sa a t in i m a sih d ip e rd e b a t k a n
h ew an
Be r d
d a p v ir u s d e n g u e p a d a
t e r n a k d id a p a t k a n a n t i b o d i t e r h a
it i a n p a d a a r t r o p o d a
h e w a n k u d a , s a p i d a n b a b i Pe n e l
ku a t
it e s
d a n To x o r h y n c h
g e n u s A e d e s ( St e g o m y i o )
de n g
53 9
d at a
y ang
d en g u e
h in
g g a
ad a
da p at
b u kt i
y a ng
b a h w a m e k a n is m e i m u n o p a t o lo g i s b e r e r a n d a ta m
p
te rja d
m u k
t b e re p lik a si p a d a n y a
m e n u n j u k k a n v ir u s d e n g u e d a p a
a sa rka n
b e rd a ra h
in y a d e m a m b e rd a r a h d e n g u e d a n sin d ro m
u e
re n ja t a n
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