Turboprop

The turboprop is similar to the turbojet, except

that the turbine drives a propeller, as well, in a
two-spool configuration.
Contrary to the turbojet, the turboprop accelerates
a large amount of air to a relatively low exhaust
velocity.
Because of this, the turboprop reaches a very high
fuel-efficiency at the expense of airspeed. Because
of this, the turboprop engine performs best in the
250 to 450 mph speed range. Additionally, the
turboprop generates more noise than the turbojet.

Liquid propellant

Kepler's Laws of
planetary motion
Kepler's First Law:
The orbits of the planets are ellipses
with the Sun at one focus.
The point closest to the Sun is called
the perihelion; the point farthest
from the Sun is called the aphelion.
The sum of the perihelion and the
aphelion distances is the major axis
of the ellipse.

 Above figure shows the Illustration of Kepler's

three laws with two planetary orbits.
(1) The orbits are ellipses, with focal points 1
and 2 for the first planet and 1 and 3 for the
second planet. The Sun is placed in focal
point 1.
(2) The two shaded sectors A1 and A2 have
the same surface area and the time for
planet 1 to cover segment A1 is equal to the
time to cover segment A2.
(3) The total orbit times for planet 1 and
planet 2 have a ratio a13/2:a23/2.

 Kepler's Second Law describes the

variation in the speed of the motion
of a planet:
The radial line segment from the Sun
to the planet sweeps out equal areas
in equal times
Kepler's Third Law relates the
period of the orbit to the size of the
orbit:
The square of the period is
proportional to the cube of the semi
major axis of the planetary orbit.

II law

Newtons proof for II law

 A sudden sunward velocity change is

applied to a planet. Then the areas of
the triangles defined by the path of
the planet for fixed time intervals will
be equal.