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biến động một số tính chất đất trông lúa đbsh
biến động một số tính chất đất trông lúa đbsh
141
Loi t
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
t ct
t mn
t phn
t ly v than bn
t ph sa
t xm bc mu
t vng
Tng cng:
BSH
Din tch
T l
(1.000 ha)
(%)
15,4
1,1
132,2
9,2
78,6
5,4
120,8
8,4
692,9
48,0
89,3
6,2
313,2
21,7
1.442,4 100,0
BSCL
Din tch
T l
(1.000 ha)
(%)
44,4
1,4
884,2
27,2
1.531,5
47,0
40,4
1,2
602,2
18,4
128,8
4,0
24,8
0,8
3.256,3 100,0
2.1. t mn
L nhm t ph sa ven bin c hnh thnh do trm tch
bin chu nh hng ca nc mn trn, hoc mn mch ven bin,
ca sng. Nhm t mn c chia thnh cc loi sau: (i) t mn
s, vt, c; (ii) t mn nhiu; (iii) t mn trung bnh v t; v
(iv) t mn kim.
142
143
Thng s
S liu 1975
S liu 2005
Carbon
hu c
(%OC)
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
Bin ng
(2005-1975)
76
1,09
0,61
74
1,98
0,63
+0,89
0,95-1,23
1,83-2,13
m tng
s (%N)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
74
0,14
0,05
74
0,16
0,05
0,13-0,15
0,15-0,17
Ln tng
s (%P2O5)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
74
0,09
0,05
75
0,11
0,05
0,07-0,1
0,10-0,12
Kali tng
s (%K2O)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
51
1,45
0,78
75
1,76
0,50
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
1,23-1,67
1,65-1,88
42
9,15
10,85
75
13,87
8,67
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
5,76-12,53
11,87-15,86
39
35,97
32,36
75
18,31
13,02
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
25,48-46,47
15,32-21,31
55
4,54
2,42
75
3,34
1,81
3,89-5,20
2,93-3,76
Mg
(meq/100 g
t)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
55
5,74
4,78
75
2,82
1,64
4,44-7,03
2,45-3,20
CEC
(meq/100 g
t)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
75
15,08
3,54
Ln d tiu
(mg
P2O5/100 g
t)
Kali d
tiu (mg
K2O /100 g
t)
2+
Ca
(meq/100 g
t)
2+
< m , 95%<
144
14,27-15,89
+0,02
+0,02
+0,31
+4,72
-17,66
-1,2
-2,92
S liu 1975
S liu 2005
Carbon
hu c
(%OC)
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
Bin ng
(2005-1975)
29
1,47
1,22
128
2,51
1,08
+1,04
1,00-1,93
2,32-2,70
m tng
s (%N)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
30
0,13
0,08
128
0,15
0,06
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
0,10-0,16
0,14-0,16
27
0,10
0,16
128
0,11
0,06
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
0,04-0,16
0,10-0,12
23
1,24
0,53
128
1,86
0,54
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
1,01-1,47
1,76-1,95
28
6,59
4,07
5,01-8,16
128
5,23
4,42
4,45-6,00
40,00
128
55,97
40,88
Ch tiu
Ln tng
s (%P2O5)
Kali tng
s (%K2O)
Ln d tiu
(mg
P2O5/100 g
t)
Kali d
tiu (mg
K2O /100 g
t)
2+
Ca
(meq/100 g
t)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
+0,01
+0,62
-1,36
+15,97
48,82-63,12
27
2,39
1,90
128
2,25
0,87
1,64-3,14
2,10-2,41
Mg
(meq/100 g
t)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
27
3,33
4,04
128
3,31
1,42
1,73-4,92
3,06-3,56
CEC
(meq/100 g
t)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
3
13,77
8,60
128
16,00
3,11
< m , 95%<
7,60-35,13
15,46-16,54
2+
+0,02
-0,14
-0,02
+2,23
145
2.2. t phn
Bng 4. Bin ng mt s tnh cht ca t phn vng BSH
Ch tiu
Thng s
Carbon
hu c
(%OC)
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
m tng
s (%N)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
Ln tng
s (%P2O5)
Kali tng
s (%K2O)
Ln d tiu
(mg
P2O5/100 g
t)
Kali d
tiu (mg
K2O /100 g
t)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
Ca2+
(meq/100 g
t)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
Mg2+
(meq/100 g
t)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
CEC
(meq/100 g
t)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
< m , 95%<
146
S liu
1975
14,20
0,34
0,07
0,68
2,62
17,19
3,50
3,13
S liu 2005
99
2,45
0,86
2,27-2,62
99
0,19
0,15
0,16-0,22
99
0,13
0,07
0,12-0,14
99
1,29
0,45
1,20-1,38
99
14,97
19,83
11,02-18,93
99
9,02
5,12
8,00-10,04
99
3,77
2,32
3,31-4,23
99
1,45
0,90
1,27-1,63
99
15,69
3,26
15,04-16,34
Bin ng
(2005-1975)
-11,75
- 0,19
+0,06
+0,61
+12,35
-8,17
+0,22
-1,68
Thng s
S liu
1975
43
4,95
5,09
S liu 2005
Bin ng
(2005-1975)
280
3,65
1,95
-1,3
Carbon
hu c
(%OC)
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
3,38-6,51
3,42-3,88
m tng
s (%N)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
46
0,30
0,20
280
0,23
0,09
0,24-0,36
0,22-0,24
Ln tng
s (%P2O5)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
46
0,06
0,03
280
0,08
0,05
0,05-0,06
0,08-0,09
Kali tng
s (%K2O)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
27
1,29
0,64
280
1,50
0,41
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
1,03-1,54
1,46-1,55
45
5,50
4,97
280
4,89
6,00
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
4,00-6,99
4,19-5,60
16
11,93
8,01
280
20,13
21,69
7,66-16,20
17,58-22,68
Ca
(meq/100 g
t)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
38
3,24
2,00
280
1,76
0,96
2,58-3,89
1,65-1,88
Mg2+
(meq/100 g
t)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
37
6,22
4,43
280
2,12
1,34
4,74-7,70
1,96-2,28
CEC
(meq/100 g
t)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
3
45,89
10,25
20,4371,34
280
16,70
2,90
Ln d tiu
(mg
P2O5/100 g
t)
Kali d
tiu (mg
K2O /100 g
t)
2+
< m , 95%<
-0,07
+0,02
+0,21
-0,61
+8,2
-1,48
-4,1
-29,19
16,36-17,04
147
148
S liu 1975
Hm lng st (%)
pH KCl
Carbon hu c (%OC)
m tng s (%N)
Ln tng s (%P2O5)
Ln d tiu (mg P2O5/100 g t)
Kali tng s (%K2O)
32-63
3,77-4,25
1,30-5,16
0,11-0,22
0,05-0,10
4,95-11,80
0,03-0,85
S liu 2012
(n=75)
37-42
4,50-4,77
2,15-2,54
0,18-0,20
0,09-0,11
8,68-12,87
1,39-1,60
10,10-15,00
4,50-12,50
14,63-20,69
5,82-7,27
10,94-14,00
14,25-16,09
149
S liu 1975
Hm lng st (%)
pH KCl
Carbon hu c (%OC)
m tng s (%N)
Ln tng s (%P2O5)
Ln d tiu (mg P2O5/100 g t)
Kali tng s (%K2O)
14,80
7,1
1,25
0,12
0,11
29,00
1,90
S liu 2012
(n=14)
36,91-41,76
4,5-4,8
2,15-2,54
0,18-0,20
0,09-0,11
8,68-12,87
1,39-1,60
35,00
22,40
14,63-20,69
5,82-7,27
23,00
14,25-16,09
2.4. t gly
Bng 8. Bin ng mt s tnh cht ca t gly
Ch tiu
S liu 1975
St v limon
3,2-4,0
2,39-2,66
0,15-0,20
0,02-0,09
0,6-4,8
0,78-1,18
2,6-10,0
S liu 2012
(n=34)
45,64-51,21
4,2-4,6
2,03-2,29
0,22-0,26
0,12-0,14
10,8-14,1
1,48-1,65
8,3-11,9
< 6,00
3,10-4,75
11,0-17,0
14,4-17,7
trm tch ph sa, nhm t ny biu hin c tnh gly mnh trn
mt su 0-50 cm, cng nh ton phu din.
t gly thng c tng hu c dy, t chua, hm lng m
trung bnh nhng ln v kali u ngho. Kt qu so snh bin ng
mt s tnh cht ca t gly (Bng 8) cho thy: t bt chua, ch
s pH KCl tng t 0,5 n 1 n v. Hm lng carbon hu c c
xu th gim nh, tuy nhin hm lng cc cht dinh dng N, P, K
u tng c tng s ln d tiu, c bit l hm lng ln d tiu
trong t tng rt r.
2.5. t xm
t xm thng phn b a hnh cao, thun li cho qu
trnh khong ha, ra tri. L loi t chua v ngho hu ht cc
cht dinh dng. Nhm t xm c chia thnh cc loi sau (i) t
xm bc mu trn ph sa c; (ii) t xm bc mu gly trn ph sa
c; v (iii) t xm bc mu trn sn phm phong ha ca
macma axit v ct (Vin Th nhng Nng ha, 2001).
Bng 9. Bin ng mt s tnh cht ca t xm
Ch tiu
Tht nng v st
3,0 - 4,5
0,5 - 1,5
< 0,10
S liu 2012
(n=51)
11,78-14,82
4,6-4,9
1,2-1,6
0,09-0,11
Ln tng s (%P2O5)
Ln d tiu (mg P2O5/100 g t)
Kali tng s (%K2O)
Kali d tiu (mg K2O/100 g t)
< 0,06
< 5,0
< 1,00
< 10,00
0,05-0,08
21,3-28,4
0,06-0,09
3,79-5,48
< 2,00
1,89-2,50
4,5
5,0-6,5
Hm lng st (%)
pH KCl
Carbon hu c (%OC)
m tng s (%N)
S liu 1975
2.
3.
4.
5.
152
6.
SUMMARY
CHANGES IN SOME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RICE
SOILS IN RED RIVER AND MEKONG RIVER DELTA
Tran Minh Tien4, Ho Quang Duc5, Hoang Trong Quy6
This paper presents research result about the change of some soil
properties in rice soils on two main deltas in Vietnam, Red River and
Mekong River delta. The soil data is from the top soil (cultivated soil
layer). The soil data in period 1975 is collected from previous soil
reports, soil maps in the deltas, while the soil data in period 2005 and
2012 is collected from research results of some projects which conducted
in the Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute. The comparison soil data
between two periods shows the significant change of some soil
properties, such as pH KCl, OC, P and K available, Ca + Mg
exchangeable, and CEC, in both Red River and Mekong River delta. The
rice soils in Red River Delta has a trend of reducing K available, OC and
pH value while the rice soils in Mekong River Delta has a trend of
reducing P available. The Ca + Mg exchangeable and CEC in rice soils
are slightly reduced in both deltas.
Division Head, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, tel: 0912315399; Email:
tranminhtien74@yahoo.com
5
Director, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, tel: 0913582904, Email: hqduc@hn.vnn.vn
6
Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute.
153