B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG

TNG CC MI TRNG

CHNG TRNH TNG TH QUAN TRC TC NG N MI

TRNG CA HOT NG THY IN TI KHU VC
TY NGUYN GIAI ON 2013 - 2017
(Bn d tho s 01)

n v thc hin: Trung tm Quan trc mi trng

C quan qun l: Tng cc Mi trng

H Ni, 11/2012

B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG
TNG CC MI TRNG

CHNG TRNH TNG TH QUAN TRC TC NG N MI

TRNG CA HOT NG THY IN TI KHU VC
TY NGUYN GIAI ON 2013 - 2017
(Bn d tho s 01)

n v thc hin: Trung tm Quan trc mi trng

H Ni, 11/2012
2

MC LC
DANH MC CC HNH...................................................................................4
M U..............................................................................................................5
PHN I.................................................................................................................7
TNG QUAN V HOT NG THY IN TI KHU VC TY
NGUYN V 3 CNG TRNH: IALY, S SAN 4 V BUN KUP...........7
I. Thy in Ialy:................................................................................................8
II. Thy in S San 4:....................................................................................13
III. Thy in Bun Kup:...............................................................................17
IV. Thng tin v chng trnh quan trc gim st ca cc cng trnh thy in
..........................................................................................................................20
V. Thng tin v hin trng mng li quan trc ca cc a phng trn cc
sng, ti khu vc thy in..............................................................................20
PHN II..............................................................................................................22
THIT K CHNG TRNH TNG TH QUAN TRC TC NG
N MI TRNG CA HOT NG THY IN TI KHU VC
TY NGUYN GIAI ON 2013-2017.........................................................22
I. Cn c php l..............................................................................................22
II. Mc tiu ca chng trnh..........................................................................23
III. Yu cu c bn ca chng trnh quan trc...............................................23
IV. Nguyn tc thit k.....................................................................................23
V. Cc bc thit k chng trnh quan trc....................................................23
VI. Xc nh v tr im quan trc...................................................................24
VII. Xc nh thnh phn mi trng v thng s quan trc...........................35
VIII. Thi gian v tn sut quan trc:.............................................................36
IX. Phng php quan trc:.............................................................................37
X. Kinh ph thc hin:.....................................................................................40
XI. Qun l, x l s liu v lp bo co:........................................................40
XII. T chc thc hin.....................................................................................41

DANH MC CC HNH
Hnh 1. V tr ca nhn nc nh my thy in Yaly .................................24
Hnh 2. V tr ca x nc sau tuabin nh my thy in Yaly................... 25
Hnh 3. V tr thy in Bun Kup ...............................................................27
Hnh 4. Bn cc im quan trc mi trng ti thy in Bun Kup
giai on 2013 - 2017 ........................................................................................28
Hnh 5. V tr thy in Ialy v S San 4 .......................................................29
Hnh 6. Bn cc im quan trc mi trng ti thy in Ialy giai on
2013 2017........................................................................................................30
Hnh 7. Bn cc im quan trc mi trng ti thy in S San 4 giai
on 2013 - 2017 ...............................................................................................31

M U
Ty Nguyn l khu vc cao nguyn bao gm 5 tnh Kon Tum, Gia Lai,
k Lk, k Nng v Lm ng. Ty Nguyn l mt tiu vng, cng vi vng
Duyn hi Nam Trung B hp thnh vng Nam Trung B, thuc Trung B Vit
Nam.
Khai thc th mnh ca mt khu vc c nhiu iu kin v pht trin cc
cng trnh thu in nh dc, dng thc, sng, h, lu lng dng chy...,
cc tnh Ty Nguyn u t xy dng nhiu cng trnh thu in ln, va v
nh, t tng cng sut trn 5.000 MW, bng 1/3 tng cng sut hin c ca h
thng in quc gia. Nh vy, khu vc Ty Nguyn l mt trong nhng trung
tm thu in ln nht ca c nc.
Cc tnh Ty Nguyn cng khuyn khch to iu kin cho cc doanh
nghip trong, ngoi tnh u t pht trin hng trm cng trnh thu in va v
nh. Ring tnh k Lk quy hoch, xc nh trn 100 v tr u t pht
trin cc cng trnh thu in va v nh, tp trung nhiu nht l cc huyn
Ma 'Rc, Ea H'Leo, Ea Sp, Bun n, Ea Kar...
Vic pht trin cc cng trnh thu in ln, va v nh khu vc Ty
Nguyn to ngun cung cp in cho h thng in quc gia, to cnh quan mi
trng, pht trin du lch, nui trng thu sn, gii quyt cng n vic lm cho
hng ngn lao ng l con em ng bo cc dn tc thiu s ti a phng...
gp phn nng cao i sng vt cht, tinh thn cho ng bo cc dn tc trn a
bn.
Tuy nhin, cng vi s pht trin t ca thy in l nhng h ly nh
xm hi rng, ti nguyn rng, din tch rng b chim dng l rt ln, cc vn
quc gia, khu bo tn thin nhin b e da, c th k n l Vn Quc gia Ct
Tin, Khu bo tn thin nhin Ngc Linh, Ch Yang Sin, to ra nhng dng
sng cht (river die), lm cho vng h lu thiu nc do vic chn dng
chuyn nc, gim lu lng nc v vng h lu, mt t canh tc cho cc h
dn, chuyn dch c cu sn xut ca ngi dn.
Xut pht t nhng vn ng quan ngi v mi trng nu trn, Trung
tm Quan trc mi trng c Tng cc Mi trng giao thit k tng th quan
trc tc ng n mi trng ca hot ng thy in ti khu vc Ty Nguyn
giai on 2013-2017 (05 nm). Mc tiu ca chng trnh ny l nhm c c
chng trnh quan trc tng th m bo tnh khoa hc, i din v kh thi phc
v theo di, nh gi cc tc ng n mi trng ca hot ng thy in ti
khu vc Ty Nguyn m c th l t cc chng trnh thy in c quy m v
cng sut ln l: Bun Kup (tnh c Lc) , Ialy v Ssan 4 (tnh Gia Lai).
5

Tuy nhin trong khun kh nhim v nm 2012, do hn ch v thi gian

v kinh ph thc hin nn theo ni dung v d ton nhim v c Tng cc
trng Tng cc Mi trng ph duyt, Trung tm Quan trc mi trng tp
trung thit k chng trnh quan trc tng th phc v vic quan trc tc ng
n mi trng ca 03 cng trnh thy in ang hot ng, c quy m v cng
sut ln v c tnh in hnh cho hot ng thy in ti khu vc Ty Nguyn.

PHN I
TNG QUAN V HOT NG THY IN TI KHU VC TY
NGUYN V 3 CNG TRNH: IALY, S SAN 4 V BUN KUP
Hin nay, Ty Nguyn c coi l trung tm thy in ln nht c nc.
Trn cc h thng sng chnh ca 5 tnh trong khu vc c 11 nh my thy
in ln ang vn hnh, 360 nh my thy in va v nh ang c quy
hoch v xy dng. Theo bo co ca Ban ch o Ty Nguyn, hin nay, cc
tnh Ty Nguyn c hng lot cc cng trnh thu in trn h thng sng
Srpk, S San, ng Nai ang c khi cng xy dng, trong c nhiu
cng trnh hon thnh a vo s dng ho vi li in quc gia nh nh
my thu in ray H'Linh (k Lk), nh my thu in IaLy, nh my thu
in S San 3 (Gia Lai), nh my thu in Srpk 3 v nh my thu in
Srpk 4 (k Lk, k Nng)
Theo quy hoch bc thang thy in c B Cng Thng ph duyt,
ch tnh ring cc sng a Nhim, ng Nai, Srpk v sng nhnh Krng N,
trn a bn Lm ng c 11 d n thy in vi tng cng sut lp my 1.674
MW. Hin 05 thy in Lm ng ha li in, 06 d n cn li ang
trong qu trnh thi cng v nghin cu u t
Tnh Gia Lai c 29 d n hon thnh, 15 d n ang khi cng, 15 d
n ang trin khai chm. Tnh Kon Tum hin c 5 d n ha li in quc
gia, 16 d n thy in ang trin khai xy dng, 27 d n ang kho st, lp d
n u t. Tnh k Lk hin c 06 d n ha li in vi tng cng sut lp
my 750 MW, sn lng in bnh qun hng nm trn 3,5 t Kwh in, 23 d
n ang xy dng v nghin cu u t (ngoi ra cn c 79 v tr tim nng cho
d n thy in). Tnh k Nng c 06 d n hon thnh, 27 d n ang xy
dng v nghin cu u t.
Tuy nhin, nh nu trong phn M u, trong khun kh nhim v
nm 2012 do hn ch v thi gian v kinh ph c cp nn Trung tm Quan
trc mi trng la chn thc hin thit k chng trnh quan trc tc ng
n mi trng ca 03 cng trnh thy in c tnh c th, tiu biu cho thy
in khu vc Ty Nguyn, bao gm: Thy in Ialy, SSan 4 v Bun Kup.
y l cc cng trnh thy in c cng sut ln. Di y l mt s thng tin
chung v 03 cng trnh thy in l i tng nghin cu ca nhim v:
I. Thy in Ialy:
Thy in Ialy nm trn a bn huyn Ch Ph tnh Gia Lai v huyn Sa
Thy, TP. Kon Tum, tnh Kon Tum. Tng din tch ca ton thy in l
7.226,55 ha, trong :
7

- Huyn Ch Ph (tnh Gia Lai) l 2.248,5ha, bao gm: h cha nc l

2.000ha, khu ph tr b tri v p l 246ha, ng dy 500KV v ng vn
hnh l 2,5ha.
- Huyn Sa Thy v TP. Kon Tum (tnh Kon Tum) l 4.978,5ha bao gm : h
cha nc l 4.450ha, cc cng trnh ph tr l 50ha, ng vn hnh, nh my
in v tuyn nng lng l 246ha, khu lm sch nc thi sau nh my l 45,2ha.
Nh my thy in Ialy c khi cng nm 1993 v hon thnh vo nm
2003, Nh my thuc h thng bc thang cc thy in trn sng S San, c cng
sut lp my l 720MW, vi 4 t my, cng sut mi tua bin l 183,3 MW, lu
lng qua tua bin l 104,4 m3/s, in lng trung bnh hng nm l 2,68 t KWh.
Mc nc dng bnh thng l 515m v mc nc cht l 490m. Din
tch mt h ti mc nc dng bnh thng l 64,5km 2, cn ti mc nc cht l
17,2km2. Dung tch ton b l 1.037,09x106 m3, dung tch cht l 258,07x106 m3
v dung tch hu hiu l 779,02x106 m3, ct nc trung bnh pht in l 192m.
p trn x l c tng chiu rng trc trn l 90m, vi 6 ca x, cao trnh
ngng trn l 499,12m, mc nc ln nht khi x l vi tn sut p = 0,1% l
518m, lu lng x l qua trn vi tn sut p = 0,1% l 13.733 m3/s.
Cng ty Thy in Ialy l n v trc tip qun l thy in Ialy, s lng
cn b cng nhn vin ca ton thy in l 328 ngi.
Khi khai ph rng xy dng cng trnh thy in cng nh h tch
nc, thng lu mc nc lun cao, c kh nng lm suy gim rng phng
h u ngun. i vi cng trnh thy in, khi rng u ngun b suy gim,
vo ma ma s nh hng n cht lng nc, lng nc ln cun theo
nhiu t ct khi vo tuc bin s c nguy c nh hng n hot ng ca my
mc. Vo ma h th li nh hng n cht lng nc ngm trong khu vc.
T lc ngn p gi nc, p ngn chn dng di c t nhin ca c, tm
v cc loi ng vt thy sinh khc, nh hng n i sng ca h sinh thi
di nc.
Thng thng, s hnh thnh h sinh thi h cha nc thng tri qua 3
giai on:
+ Giai on hu hoi h sinh thi c gm cc dng sng trn vng t kh
ven h bao gm cc loi thc vt, ng vt t; cc loi thu sinh vt, c trng
cho cc thu vc nc chy sit - sui vng thng lu v cc loi thu sinh vt
sng ven b nh giun t, cc dng u trng cn trng sng bm hoc khe
si Giai on ny h ko di khng lu - khong hai nm do lng h
hp su, trao i nc nhanh.
8

+ Giai on hnh thnh khu h thu sinh vt mi: thnh phn loi v s
lng thc vt phiu sinh tng do s tch t cc mui dinh dng v s v c
ho cc cht hu c c ngun gc t xc thc vt trong vng ngp nc.
+ Giai on hnh thnh khu h thu sinh tng i n nh v thnh phn
loi v s lng: Do c im h su, hp, ngun mui dinh dng t cc sui
ngn c dc cao, ngho dinh dng s hnh thnh khu h thu sinh vt - c
bit l ng vt phiu sinh v ng vt y ngho. Tuy nhin, s giu hay
ngho ca h sinh thi thu sinh cn ph thuc vo s tc ng ca con ngi.
I.1. c im a hnh
Nh my thy in Ialy nm trong vng cao nguyn Trung b pha Ty
ca dy Trng Sn Nam. Vng lng h nm trong thung lng Poko v vng
ng bng ven sng k Bla.
a hnh khu vc kh phc tp, c s xen k cc khi ni, cao nguyn v
ng bng. Cc nh ni cao nht trong khu vc l ni Ngc Linh (2.898m),
Ngc C Linh (2.025m) v Ngc Bin San (1.939m). Pha ng lu vc l vng
trng ca dy ni Kon Tum ko di t thng lu sng k Bla n lu vc
sng Krng Pk. cao ca vng ny khng vt qu 500 - 600m. Pha ng
Nam khu vc l cao nguyn Pleiku vi cao t 600 800m. ng phn thy
ca cao nguyn ny ng thi cng l ng phn thy gia sng M Kng v
sng Ba. Phn pha Nam ca lu vc l i ni thp dn.
I.2. c im thy vn
Sng S San chy theo hng gn Bc Nam n tuyn cng trnh thy
in Ialy (tnh Gia Lai) ri r sang hng gn ng Ty chy ra bin gii Vit
Nam Campuchia. Sng S San l ph lu bn b tri ca Sng M Kng.
Sng bt ngun pha Bc cao nguyn Gia Lai - Kon Tum vi 2 nhnh chnh
thng ngun l sng Krng Pk v sng kbla. Sau khi 2 nhnh ny nhp
vi nhau to thnh dng chnh sng Ssan ri tip tc chy theo hng ng
bc - Ty nam theo hng bin gii Vit Nam - Campuchia qua 2 tnh
Ratanakiri v Stung Treng ri v sng M Kng ti th trn Strung Treng.
Tng din tch lu vc sng S San trn t Vit Nam l 11.450 km2, trong
lu vc sng tnh n tuyn p Ialy c din tch lu vc l 7.455 km2 thuc a
phn hai tnh Gia Lai v Kon Tum.
+ Ma l t thng 7 n thng 11
+ Ma kit t thng 12 n thng 6 nm sau.
+ Lu lng trung bnh nm 264 m3/s
9

+ Tng lng dng chy trung bnh nm 8,3 t m3/nm

I.3. c im kh hu
S phc tp ca a hnh dn n nh hng ng k n kh hu ca khu
vc. Lu vc sng S San nm trong vng kh hu nhit i c nhng nt c
th ca kh hu Ty Trng Sn
+ Nhit khng kh: Nhit trung bnh nm t 22 23oC
+ Nng: S ngy nng trong nm t khong 160 ngy cc vng ma
ln v khong 110 ngy cc vng c lng ma nh. Khong 90% s ngy
ma vo cc thng c gi ma Ty Nam v Ty.
+ Ma: T thng 11 n thng 4 vng ny thi tit kh, thnh thong c
ma, t thng 5 n thng 10 do nh hng ca gi ma Ty Nam thi t vnh
Thi Lan ti nn xut hin ma ma ko di v lng ma ko di v lng
ma ln nht xy ra vo thng 8 n thng 9. Lng ma trung bnh nm dao
ng t 2.600 3.000mm vng ni pha Bc v vng cao nguyn Pleiku,
pha Ty Nam lu vc c lng ma t 1.700 1.800mm, cn vng pha Nam
lu vc ni gn tuyn cng trnh c lng ma vo khong 2400 mm.
+ Gi: Gi trn lu vc sng S San thay i theo ma v c c im
gi ma ng Nam . Tc gi trung bnh ng vi tn sut 2% l 13,6 m/s.
+ m khng kh: m tuyt i ca khng kh trong lu vc sng S
San t 23 mb vng thp v 21mb vng cao t 700 800m v di 21 mb
cc vng cao trn 1.000m.
+ Bc hi: Lng bc hi trong lu vc khng ln.
I.4. c im kinh t x hi (huyn Ch Ph, tnh Gia Lai nm trong vng
thy in)
Ch Ph l mt huyn nm pha bc ca tnh Gia Lai. Huyn l l th
trn Ph Ha.
Chy dc theo ranh gii huyn Ch Ph vi huyn Sa Thy ca tnh Kon
Tum l con sng Ia Krng B Lan, ph lu ca sng S San, ti y c nh my
thy in Yaly. Huyn ny cn c chung h Bin H vi thnh ph Pleiku, h
ny nm trn a phn cc x Ngha Hng, Ch Jr.
Trn a bn ca huyn c thc Cng Cha, nh my thu in Ia Ly, lng
du lch x Ia Mnng l nhng thng cnh thu ht nhiu khch tham quan.
ng quc l 14 chy qua gia huyn theo hng Bc Nam, t thnh
10

ph Kon Tum tnh Kon Tum, qua th trn Ph Ha, sang thnh ph Pleiku tip
gip vi quc l 19 ni gia Pleiku v Quy Nhn.
Trong giai on 2005 - 2010, huyn Ch Ph t nhng thnh tu quan
trng. Tc tng trng kinh t bnh qun 5 nm l 13,15%, vt ch tiu
ra. C cu kinh t chuyn dch ng hng. Kt cu h tng c kin ton
phc v yu cu pht trin kinh t - x hi, an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x
hi trn a bn c gi vng
Lnh vc vn ha x hi c s khi sc, t l hc sinh ra lp cc bc hc
hng nm t 98%; ton huyn c 2 trng hc t chun quc gia; t l h t
tiu chun gia nh vn ha chim 80%; trn 75% thn, lng, t dn ph t
danh hiu khu dn c vn ha; 95% cng s t danh hiu cng s vn ha.
T l tng dn s t nhin gim cn 1,4%. T l tr em suy dinh dng di
25%. Ton huyn c 3.528 h thot ngho, gp phn gim t l h i ngho
hin ti cn 12%, gim trn 26% so vi nm 2005.
C s vt cht, thit b ngnh gio dc, y t c u t ng mc, p
ng yu cu dy v hc, nng cao cht lng khm, iu tr bnh cho nhn dn.
Khi phc, tn to 66 nh rng, lu gi 344 b cng ching pht huy bn sc
vn ha truyn thng. Chm lo tt i sng v gii quyt kp thi ch , chnh
sch cho ngi c cng.
C nhiu tc nhn to nn sc bt trn, song xuyn sut l huyn tp
trung ngun lc u t cho kt cu h tng, khai thc hiu qu li th tim nng
4 tiu vng kinh t nh hnh: Tiu vng ng Bc gi u th nng - lm
nghip, cc tiu vng khc c li th pht trin cng nghip - tiu th cng
nghip, thng mi - dch v gi v tr ch lc.
5 nm qua, huyn tp trung ngun vn gn 700 t ng u t hon thin
kt cu h tng cc x trung tm cc tiu vng kinh t nh: Ngha Hng, Ch
ng Ya, Ia Kreng, Ia Nhin, ng ba T Vn, Ia Ly, th trn Ph Ha, trung tm
cm x ak T Ve vi quy m v chin lc pht trin lu di. Kt cu h tng
cc x, lng c bit kh khn c u t ng mc, to kinh t-x hi pht
trin. Li in, ng, trng, trm, nc sinh hot, cng trnh phc v dn
sinh tng bc c hon thin.
n nay, t l h dn s dng nc sch t 90%; in quc gia ko v
100% thn, lng, t dn ph; t l h s dng in t 90%; 3/9 tuyn ng
giao thng nng thn ni ti trung tm x, ti tnh l, quc l, b mt th
nng thn khang trang, khi sc. Trung tm thng mi huyn lm u mi tip
11

nhn, phn phi hng ha trong v ngoi a bn gn vi sp xp, xy dng mi

ch nng thn cc x: Ngha Hng, Ia Ly, Ia Nhin, Ha Ph lm trung tm phn
phi cho cc x ph cn. Cc ch v 500 h c th vng nng thn kinh doanh
hng tiu dng, thc phm, thu mua nng sn, dch v... hnh thnh h thng
phn phi lu thng, trao i hng ha a chiu, a dng mt hng tiu dng,
sinh hot, thc y lnh vc thng mi, dch v pht trin, nng tng gi tr 5
nm qua ca lnh vc ny t trn 896 t ng.
Vng t Ch Pah vn giu tim nng t ai, khong sn, du lch, v tr
a l thun li v ngun nhn lc. Nhng nm qua, huyn ch ng xy
dng chnh sch thu ht cc nh u t, u t h tng c s cm cng nghip tiu th cng nghip tp trung ti x Ia Khl, tng din tch quy hoch 53,19
ha; t chc nhiu cuc xc tin, mi gi cc nh u t vi c ch nhiu u i.
Huyn cam kt giao mt bng gii phng n b cho cc doanh nghip n
u t, gii quyt nhanh th tc hnh chnh thuc thm quyn.
n nay, c 2 doanh nghip xy dng c s sn xut, kinh doanh;
nhiu doanh nghip v ang xc tin cc th tc u t ch bin, thu mua
nng sn, c ph, sn xut gch bng khng nung, kinh doanh vn ti, du lch,
trng rng, khai thc khong sn, nui trng thy sn. Trn a bn huyn c
nhiu n v kinh t ln hot ng trn lnh vc thy in, trng - khai thc ch bin m cao su, ch, sn xut xi mng, ch bin kh tylen; 10 n v xy
dng c s luyn gang, sn xut phn vi sinh, khai thc granit, tr bazan;
hng trm c s tiu th cng nghip sn xut st, mc, in dn dng,
nng c, khai thc tn thu ct, sa cha t, ch bin nng sn thc phm. c
tng gi tr sn xut cng nghip - xy dng giai on 2005 -2010 t trn 1.624
t ng, trong gi tr sn xut ca cc c s tiu th cng nghip chim 15%
tng gi tr, gii quyt vic lm n nh cho hng ngn lao ng ti ch.
Khai thc tim nng ti ch, trong c tim nng nng nghip gp
phn ti thit li c cu cy trng theo hng hnh thnh vng chuyn canh, tp
trung u t nng cao nng sut, a dng sn phm p ng nhu cu th trng,
cung cp nguyn liu n nh cho cc c s sn xut, ch bin trn a bn hot
ng. Huyn u t xy dng 7 cng trnh thy li lm c s m rng din tch
la nc, pht trin cy trng di ngy c gi tr kinh t cao nh: C ph, h
tiu, bp lai, cao su, bi li, cao su tiu in. y mnh ng dng tin b khoa
hc cng ngh vo sn xut. Ch trng pht trin chn nui theo hng tng t
l b lai, heo hng nc, m rng din tch nui c nc ngt, pht trin n d,
ong ly mt v n gia cm, hnh thnh phong tro chuyn dch c cu cy
12

trng, vt nui rng khp... c tnh, thu nhp bnh qun nm 2010 t 12 triu
ng/ngi/nm, bng 190,48% ch tiu ra.
5 nm qua b mt nng thn thay i su sc. Thu ngn sch ca a
phng nm sau cao hn nm trc, trong thu ngn sch theo phn cp hng
nm u tng, m bo cn i 25% tng chi thng xuyn ca huyn.
Trong giai on 2010 - 2015, ton huyn phn u duy tr tc tng
trng hng nm 13-14%; y mnh ng dng tin b v khoa hc cng ngh
nng cao nng sut, cht lng cy trng, vt nui; khai thc c hiu qu
tim nng, th mnh ca huyn; y mnh chuyn dch c cu kinh t theo
hng cng nghip ha; huy ng ngun lc x hi u t pht trin sn xut
kinh doanh; tip tc i mi phng thc lnh o; quan tm o to bi dng
i ng cn b c s.
II. Thy in S San 4:
Cng trnh thy in S San 4 xy dng t thng 12/2004 ti x IaO, huyn
IaGrai, tnh Gia Lai v x Mo Ray, huyn Sa Thy, tnh Kon Tum. tch nc lng
h vo thng 7/2009 v chnh thc pht in c 3 t my vo thng 3/2010.
Tng din tch cng trnh thy in S San 4 l 6.403,17 ha, trong : H
cha: 5.841 ha (562,17 ha t sn xut nng nghip); t ti nh c: 69,01 ha;
t ti nh canh: 493,16 ha.
Tng cng sut l 360 MW (3 t my, 120MW/t my), din tch lu vc
9.326 km2, mc nc dng bnh thng l 215m, mc nc cht l 210m, lu
lng trung bnh 330 m3/s, lu lng nh l thit k p = 0,1% l 16.570 m 3/s,
lu lng nh l kim tra p = 0,02% l 20.090 m 3/s, dung tch ton b h cha
l 893,3 triu m3, dung tch hu ch l 264,16 triu m3. in lng trung bnh
hng nm l 1.494, triu kWh. duy tr dng chy kit, Nh my xy dng
p iu ha, duy tr dng chy ti thiu l 195 m3/s;
Cng ty Pht trin thy in S San l n v trc tip qun l thy in
S San 4, s lng cn b cng nhn vin ca ton thy in l 188 ngi, trong
lc lng trc tip sn xut ti 2 phn xng l 95 ngi (32 k s v 63
cng nhn).
+ Tc ng n ngun nc mt : Ngun tc ng ln mi trng nc
mt ch yu l du m bi trn trc tuc bin. Khi nc theo ng p lc chy
qua tuc bin c th s ko theo mt lng nh du m ti cc trc theo dng
nc v chy xung h lu.
+ Bin i cht lng h: Trong qu trnh tch nc h, s hnh thnh mt
khi nc tnh dn n tnh trng phn tng nhit nc trong h. Phn nc
su bn di s thiu nh sng, thiu oxy v c nhit thp, nhit chnh
13

lch t 1-50. S phn tng ny ko theo s thay i nhit v lng oxy lp nc

y gim ng k vo cc giai on u h tch nc. Nguyn nhn l do s c
mt ca cht hu c v cht dinh dng trong khu dng chy b mt.
+ Gim thnh phn cc loi c nhu cu s dng DO cao nh: tm, u trng h
ph du, u trng b bm gi, u trng cn trng hai cnh thuc b mui
+ Gim s lng mt s loi c c gi tr kinh t.
+ Xut hin mt s loi to lam, to mt, to lc, ch th cho mi trng
giu v nhiu hu c.
II.1. c im a hnh
a hnh lu vc kh phc tp, l a hnh vng ni cao, b chia ct mnh,
cc sn ni c dc ln, trung bnh t 300 n 400 v hn na. Phn pha
Bc ca lu vc in hnh l khi ni Ngc Linh c nh 2.598m. Sau l khi
ni Ngc Bin San c nh cao 1.939 m v nm pha Ty lu vc, cn pha
ng c dy Ngc C Rinh cao 2.025 m. pha Ty ca vng ny c cc ni
Sa Thy l phn kt thc ca pha Ty Nam ca dy ni Ngc Linh, mt h
thng ni ln phn gia ca min Trung Vit Nam.
II.2. c im thy vn
Sng S San chy theo hng gn Bc Nam n tuyn cng trnh thy
in S San 4 (tnh Gia Lai) ri r sang hng gn ng Ty chy ra bin gii
Vit Nam Campuchia.
Tng din tch lu vc sng S San tnh n bin gii Vit Nam
Campuchia l 11.450 km2.
+ Ma l t thng 7 n thng 11
+ Ma kit t thng 12 n thng 6 nm sau.
+ Lu lng trung bnh nm 264 m3/s
+ Tng lng dng chy trung bnh nm 8,3 t m3/nm

II.3. c im kh hu
+ Nhit khng kh: Nhit trung bnh nm t 22 230C
+ Nng: S ngy nng trong nm t khong 160 ngy cc vng ma ln
v khong 110 ngy cc vng c lng ma nh. Khong 90% s ngy ma vo
cc thng c gi ma Ty Nam v Ty.
+Ma: T thng 11 n thng 4 vng ny thi tit kh, thnh thong c
ma, t thng 5 n thng 10 do nh hng ca g ma Ty Nam thi t vnh
Thi Lan ti nn xut hin ma ma ko di v lng ma ko di v lng
ma ln nht xy ra vo thng 8 n thng 9. Lng ma trung bnh nm dao
ng t 2.600 3.000mm vng ni pha Bc v vng cao nguyn Pleiku,
14

pha Ty Nam lu vc c lng ma t 1.700 1.800mm, cn vng pha Nam

lu vc ni gn tuyn cng trnh c lng ma vo khong 2.400 mm.
+ Gi: Gi trn lu vc sng S San thay i theo ma v c c im
gi ma ng Nam . Tc gi trung bnh ng vi tn sut 2% l 13,6 m/s.
+ m khng kh: m tuyt i ca khng kh trong lu vc sng S
San t 23mb vng thp v 21mb vng cao t 700 800m v di 21mb
cc vng cao trn 1.000m.
+ Bc hi: Lng bc hi trong lu vc khng ln.
II.4. c im kinh t x hi
Khu vc vng h v h lu cng trnh thuc x Ia O v x Ia Khai (huyn
Ia Grai) tnh Gia Lai v x M Ry (huyn Sa Thy) tnh Kon Tum.
II.4.1. Huyn Ia Grai:
Trong 5 nm qua, giai on 2005-2010, huyn Ia Grai t c nhng
thnh tu quan trng. T l h ngho nm 2010 cn 8,65%. C cu kinh t, c
cu u t chuyn dch ng hng. Lnh vc vn ha - x hi chuyn bin tch
cc. Quc phng - an ninh c cng c.
Trn lnh vc kinh t, thu nhp bnh qun u ngi t trn 13 triu
ng/nm, tc tng trng bnh qun giai on 2005-2010 t 19,98%/nm.
Trong , nng - lm nghip tng 13,2%, cng nghip - tiu th cng nghipxy dng tng 52,95%, thng mi - dch v tng 15,05%. Thu nhp bnh qun
u ngi n nm 2010 t 13,24 triu ng.
Trn c s pht huy tim nng th mnh ca huyn, thu ht ngun vn
u t trn a bn, nht l trong lnh vc sn xut in nng, sn phm nng
sn, c cu kinh t chuyn dch theo hng tch cc, t trng ngnh nng - lm
nghip t 72,6% nm 2005 gim cn 44,1%, cng nghip - tiu th cng nghip
- xy dng t 12,6% tng ln 38,1%, thng mi - dch v t 14,8% tng ln
17,8%. C cu cy trng chuyn i nhanh theo hng sn xut hng ha, tp
trung chuyn canh. Tng sn lng lng thc 22.500 tn, tng 2.700 tn so vi
nm 2005; sn lng c ph nhn bnh qun 35.000 tn/nm, m cao su 13.000
tn/nm...T trng ngnh chn nui trong nng nghip tng kh, tng n gia
sc u tng so vi nm 2005; mt s loi hnh chn nui khc nh nui ong v
nui c nc ngt hnh thnh v pht trin.
Tng vn u t pht trin trong c giai on t trn 7.330 t ng, tng
gp 13 ln so vi giai on 2001-2005. T trng vn tn dng v vn ca nhn
dn trong c cu vn u t tng nhanh, hiu qu u t c nng ln. Hon
thnh v a vo hot ng 3 nh my thy in vi cng sut 440 MW, 5 cng
trnh khc ang thi cng, 3 nh my ch bin m cao su cng sut 27.000
tn/nm. Cc cng trnh kt cu h tng nng thn c quan tm u t xy
dng. n nay, 100% s x c ng giao thng t i c n tn thn, lng,
15

100% s thn, lng c in li quc gia, hn 96% s h s dng in, trn

90% s h s dng nc sch, 100% s x c trm y t hoc c s khm v iu
tr, 100% trng lp hc v nh gio vin c xy dng kin c, xa 2.500
nh tm cho h ngho, h gia nh chnh sch. Mng li vin thng c u
t m rng vi 90 trm thu pht sng BTS ph sng trn khp a bn p ng
nhu cu thng tin lin lc ca nhn dn.
n nay, ton huyn c 84 doanh nghip v 85 trang tri cng vi hng
trm h kinh doanh c th hot ng hiu qu, khai thc, s dng tt ti nguyn
t ai, khong sn trn a bn, hng nm ng gp vo ngn sch nh nc
hng trm triu ng, gii quyt vic lm cho hng chc ngn lao ng, trong
tuyn dng mi 4.000 lao ng, tham gia tch cc vo cc hot ng an sinh x
hi.
Lnh vc vn ha - x hi cng t nhiu kt qu quan trng. Hon thnh
ph cp gio dc THCS cho 12/13 x - th trn, 1 trng mm non v 4 trng
tiu hc t chun quc gia. Quan tm chm sc, khm - cha bnh cho nhn
dn. Cc Chng trnh 132, 134, 135 ca Chnh ph v cc chng trnh mc
tiu quc gia t kt qu thit thc. Kt cu h tng cc x vng c bit kh
khn tng bc c nng ln; c bn hon thnh vic gii quyt t sn xut,
t , nc sinh hot, v nh cho ng bo dn tc thiu s ngho. T l h
ngho gim nhanh t 30,76% nm 2005 n nay cn 8,65%; phong tro n
n p ngha i vi ngi c cng vi nc c y mnh, n nay cc gia
nh chnh sch u c mc sng tng i n nh v cao hn mc sng trung
bnh trong vng; cng tc quc phng - an ninh c nhng chuyn bin quan
trng theo hng tch cc, c bn c gi vng n nh; quan h i ngoi
bin gii vi huyn n Mia - Campuchia c tng cng.
Pht huy nhng kt qu t c, phng hng, mc tiu ch yu giai
on 2010-2015 l: Khai thc tim nng li th, v tr a l, iu kin t nhin,
huy ng ti a mi ngun lc cho u t pht trin, a nn kinh t tng
trng vi tc cao v bn vng. Gi vng an ninh chnh tr - trt t an ton
x hi trn a bn huyn. y mnh s nghip gio dc - o to, nng cao cht
lng ngun nhn lc; ci thin r nt i sng vt cht v tinh thn cho nhn
dn.
II.4.2. Huyn Sa Thy:
Tc tng trng nm 2010 t khong 16,67%, trong : Nng - lm
- thy sn tng 30% so vi nm 2009; Cng nghip xy dng tng 20,48%;
Thng mi dch v tng 0,57%. Thu nhp bnh qun u ngi tng t 7,19
triu ng nm 2009 ln 7,95 triu ng nm 2010. Trong nhng nm gn y
c s chuyn dch c cu kinht r rt, nm 2010 c cu kinh t cc ngnh
Nng - lm nghip chim 37,4%, Cng nghip xy dng chim 32,3%, Thng
mi dchv chim 30,3%.
16

Dn s trung bnh ca huyn Sa Thy l 41.654 ngi, chim 9,62% so

vi dn s ton tnh Kon Tum; trong nam 22.315 ngi chim 53,6%, n
19.339 ngi chim 46,4%, ng bo dn tc thiu s chim trn 56%.
T l lao ng trong tui/ tng dn s cng tng t 48,2% nm 2000
ln 55,3%/nm. y l ngun lao ng di do m bo cho ngun lao ng ca
huyn. Tng s lao ng ang lm vic trong ngnh kinh t tng u theo hng
nm.
Huyn Sa Thy c quc l 14C i qua vi chiu di 86 Km, tnh l 675
qua th trn Sa Thy di khong 60 Km, tnh l 674 i qua a bn huyn v
mng li huyn l, ng lin thn, lin x.
Hin ti ton huyn c 25 cng trnh thu li va, 13 cng trnh
tiu thu nng v mt s p c xy dng ri rc cc x. Tng din tch
thit k l 616 ha rung 2 v.
c li in 22KV c ly t trm Bin p 110KV ti Thnh ph
Kon Tum. H thng in ny c h th 5 trm bin p trung gian. Hin ti Sa
Bnh; th trn Ya li, Ya Xir c in li quc gia.
III. Thy in Bun Kup:
Thy in Bun Kup l mt cng trnh ca tnh k Lk trn sng
Serepk. Cng trnh nm trong a phn cc x Ha Ph (huyn C Jt), Nam
(huyn Krng N) v Dray Sp (huyn Krng Ana), cch ch hp lu ca
cc sng Krng N v Krng Ana khong 10 km v pha h lu.
Cng trnh c cng sut 280 MW ny (ln th hai Ty Nguyn sau cng
trnh thy in Yaly) c khi cng vo ngy 21 thng 12 nm 2003. Nh my
thu in Bun Kup ho li in quc gia v cung cp cho li in quc
gia khong 1,4 t KWh/nm.
Cng trnh thy in Bun Kup nm trong d n quy hoch bc thang
thy in sng Serepk vi 05 cng trnh khc trong bc thang ny bao gm:
c Xuyn (58 MW), Bun Tua Srah (86 MW), DryHling (28 MW), Serepk
3 (220 MW) v Serepk 4 (33 MW).
+ Tc ng n ch dng chy: i vi khu vc h lu, tc ng ln
nht l lm gim ngun cung cp nc cho on sng sau p, y l on sng
bt u t p chnh ngn sng n knh x sau nh my. H cha Bun Kup
c dung tch hu ch nh (14,7 triu m 3) nn mc iu tit ca h khng cao.
H lm vic theo ch iu tit ngy v m, ngha l trong vng mt ngy
m lng nc c tch li v ng thi x ht ra nn mc thay i dng
chy sau nh my s khng ng k. Vic hnh thnh h cha Bun Kup khng
c tc dng ct l cho h lu, cng khng tng lu lng phc v ti cho ma
kit.
17

+ Tc ng n ngun nc mt: Ngun tc ng ln mi trng nc

mt ch yu l du m bi trn trc tuc bin. Khi nc theo ng p lc chy
qua tuc bin c th s ko theo mt lng nh du m ti cc trc theo dng
nc v chy xung h lu. Nh my thy in hin nay ang s dng cc loi
du: du bi trn tuc bin cng nghip, du cch in
+ Bin i cht lng h: Trong qu trnh tch nc h, s hnh thnh mt
khi nc tnh dn n tnh trng phn tng nhit nc trong h. Phn nc
su bn di s thiu nh sng, thiu oxy v c nhit thp, nhit chnh
lch t 1-50. S phn tng ny ko theo s thay i nhit v lng oxy lp nc
y gim ng k vo cc giai on u h tch nc. Nguyn nhn l do s c
mt ca cht hu c v cht dinh dng trong khu dng chy b mt. Cc thng
s hu c s tng ln trong mt vi nm u do hu qu ca qu trnh phn r.
III.1. c im a hnh
a hnh sng Serepok c th chia thnh 3 dng: vng ni, cao nguyn,
ng bng v vng trng. Vng trng bao gm cc dy ni pha ng Bc ni
bt ngun t sng Krong Buk thng v Krong pach cao 800-1000m; cc
dy ni pha ng l ni bt ngun ca sng Krong Bong v Krong Ana cao
1200-2000m, dy ni pha Nam v Ty Nam cao 800-1000m. Cc cao
nguyn bao gm cao nguyn Bun Ma Thut, Mrac, phn b t 300-800m.
Vng trng chy di t Krong Pach n Lc, vn l thung lng bc mn c
nhiu m ly.
III.2. c im thy vn
c hp lu bi sng Krng Ana v Krng Kn (l sng Serepok) n
bin gii Vit Nam, Campuchia, sng chy theo hng ng Nam - Ty Bc
trong vng i ni, lng sng hp v dc, chiu di ca on sng ny khong
110km vi h thp 200m, c nhiu ghnh thc nh thc Bun Kup vi
chch khong 60m, thc Dray Hling 15m, on thc Serepok 3 l 35m.
M hnh dng chy nm trn sng Serepok tng i phc tp: phn din
tch pha Ty c ma l t thng 7 n thng 11, phn din tch pha ng v
ng Bc c ma l t thng 9 n thng 12. Ti v tr tuyn p BuonKuop,
phn phi dng chy nm l kiu t hp ca 2 ch dng chy k trn nn c
ma l t thng 8 n thng 12, thng 6 v thng 7 c coi l thng chuyn
tip t ma kit sang ma l bi v c mt s nm ma l c bt u t thng
ny.
xc nh dng chy ca tuyn cng trnh thu in Bun Kup, chng
ti s dng s liu ca trm thu vn Cu 14 v Bn n. Din tch lu vc
trm thu vn Cu 14 l 8.670km2, trm thu vn Bn n l 10.700km2. Cc
18

c trng dng chy nm thi k (1977 - 2003) ti trm thu vn Bn n v

Cu 14 c xc nh nh sau:
Cc c trng dng chy nm
Qp% (m3/s)
Qo
Mo
Trm
F (km2) n
Cv
Cs
(m3/s) (l/s.km2)
10
50
90
Bn n 10.700 27
269
25,1
0,25 0,79
361
260
189
Cu 14
8.670
27
233
26,9
0,30 1,14
327
220
166
(Ngun: bo co thuyt minh kh tng thu vn PECC 4 thc hin thng 8/2005)

III.3. c im kh hu
S phc tp ca a hnh dn n nh hng ng k n kh hu ca khu
vc
+ Nhit khng kh: Nhit trung bnh nm t 22 23oC
+ Ma: tng s ngy ma trong nm khong 150-190 ngy
+ m khng kh: m tng i trung bnh thng trong ma ma
thay i t 80-90%, trong ma kh t 70-80%.
+ Bc hi: Lng bc hi trong lu vc khng ln.
III.4. c im kinh t x hi
Theo s liu tng iu tra dn s ngy 01/4/2009, dn s tnh k Lk l
1.728.380 ngi. Trong , dn s th chim 22,5%, cn li ch yu l dn s
nng thn chim 77,5%. Cng ng dn c k Lk gm 44 dn tc. Trong ,
ngi Kinh chim trn 70%; cc dn tc thiu s nh , M'nng, Thi, Ty,
Nng,... chim gn 30% dn s ton tnh.
Mt dn s trung bnh ton tnh l 132 ngi/km2, nhng phn b
khng u trn a bn cc huyn, tp trung ch yu thnh ph Bun Ma
Thut, th trn huyn l, ven cc trc quc l 14, 26, 27 chy qua nh Krng
Bk, Krng Pk, Ea Kar, Krng Ana. Cc huyn c mt dn s thp ch yu
l cc huyn c bit kh khn nh Ea Sp, Bun n, Lk, Krng Bng,
MDrk, Ea Hleo v.v Cc dn tc thiu s sinh sng 125/170 x trn a bn
tnh, nhng phn ln tp trung cc x vng cao, vng xa. Ngoi cc dn tc
thiu s ti ch cn c s ng khc dn di c t cc tnh pha Bc v min
Trung n k Lk sinh c lp nghip.
T l tng dn s t nhin trung bnh hng nm gim t 24,4% nm 2000
xung cn 14,2% vo nm 2008. Trong nhng nm gn y, dn s ca k Lk
c bin ng do tng c hc, ch yu l di dn t do, iu ny gy nn sc p
ln cho tnh v gii quyt t , t sn xut v cc vn i sng x hi, an
ninh trt t v mi trng sinh thi.
19

k Lk l tnh c nhiu dn tc cng chung sng, mi dn tc c nhng

nt p vn ho ring. c bit l vn ho truyn thng ca cc dn tc ,
M'Nng, Gia Rai, v.v vi nhng l hi cng ching, m tru, ua voi ma
xun; kin trc nh sn, nh rng; cc nhc c lu i ni ting nh cc b cng
ching, n , n T'rng; cc bn trng ca Ty Nguyn... l nhng sn phm
vn ho vt th v phi vt th qu gi, trong Khng gian vn ha cng ching
Ty Nguyn c t chc UNESCO cng nhn l kit tc truyn khu v di
sn vn ha phi vt th ca nhn loi. Tt c cc truyn thng vn ha tt p
ca cc dn tc to nn s a dng, phong ph v vn ha ca k Lk.
IV. Thng tin v chng trnh quan trc gim st ca cc cng trnh
thy in
- Thy in Ialy:
Nh my thy in Ialy bt u i vo hot ng t nm 2000 cho n
nay, nh my c trin khai hot ng quan trc v gim st mi trng, v lp
Bo co nh k v cng tc Bo v mi trng trnh S Ti nguyn v Mi
trng Gia Lai trc ngy 15 thng 6 v 15 thng 12 hng nm.
Tn sut: 2ln/nm
V tr quan trc: 4 im ti lng h; 3 im di h lu ca thy in
- Thy in Ssan 4:
Nh my thy in Sesan 4 hot ng t nm 2009 n nay, nh my c
trin khai hot ng gim st mi trng nh k v lp Bo co nh k v
cng tc Bo v mi trng trnh S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Gia Lai trc
ngy 15 thng 6 v 15 thng 12 hng nm.
Tn sut: 2ln/nm
V tr quan trc: 6 im, bao gm cc im lng h v h lu.
- Thy in Bun Kup:
Nh my thy in Bun Kup hot ng t nm 2009 n nay, nh my
c trin khai hot ng gim st mi trng nh k v lp Bo co nh k v
cng tc Bo v mi trng trnh S Ti nguyn v Mi trng c Lc.
Tn sut: 3 ln/nm
V tr quan trc: 8 im ti lng h; 1 im trn thng lu ca thy in;
1 im di h lu ca thy in
V. Thng tin v hin trng mng li quan trc ca cc a phng
trn cc sng, ti khu vc thy in
Hin nay, chng trnh quan trc mi trng nc ti cc a phng trn
lu vc sng S San v Serepok (tnh Gia Lai v tnh c Lc) cn hn ch, ch
quan trc mt vi im vi tn sut khng nhiu v cha c chng trnh theo
20

di cht lng mi trng nc mt b nh hng bi hot ng ca cc nh

my thy in, nn cha nh gi c tng th v mi trng nc mt ti y.
- S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh c Lc tin hnh quan trc mi
trng nc trn sng Serepok t nm 2002 n nay:
+ Tn sut: 3ln/nm.
+ V tr quan trc: 5 im trn sng Serepok
+ Thng s quan trc: 15 thng s ha l c bn
Trn sng Serepok ti sau im hp lu gia sng Krong Ana v sng
Krong No, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng c Lc hin ang qun l 01 trm
quan trc mi trng nc t ng lin tc, y cng l im trc khi nc
sng chy vo lng h thy in Bun Kup.
- S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh Gia Lai tin hnh quan trc mi
trng nc trn sng S San:
+ Tn sut: 2 ln/nm.
+ V tr quan trc: 18 im trn sng S San v H Yali

21

PHN II
THIT K CHNG TRNH TNG TH QUAN TRC TC NG
N MI TRNG CA HOT NG THY IN TI KHU VC
TY NGUYN GIAI ON 2013-2017
I. Cn c php l
- Lut Bo v mi trng nm 2005.
- Quyt nh s 16/2007/Q-TTg ngy 29 thng 01 nm 2007 ca Th
tng Chnh ph v vic ph duyt Quy hoch tng th mng li quan trc ti
nguyn v mi trng quc gia n nm 2020.
- Ngh nh s 120/2008/N-CP ngy 01 thng 12 nm 2008 ca Chnh
ph v qun l lu vc sng.
- Ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27 thng 7 nm 2004 ca Chnh
ph v quy nh vic cp php thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc, x
nc thi vo ngun nc.
- Ngh nh s 112/2008/N-CP ngy 20 thng 10 nm 2008 ca Chnh
ph v qun l, bo v, khai thc tng hp ti nguyn v mi trng cc h cha
thy in, thy li.
- Thng t s 10/2007/TT-BTNMT ngy 22 thng 10 nm 2007 ca B
Ti nguyn v Mi trng v hng dn m bo cht lng v kim sot cht
lng trong quan trc mi trng.
- Thng t s 29/2011/TT-BTNMT ngy 01 thng 8 nm 2011 ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng v quy nh quy trnh k thut quan trc mi trng nc
mt lc a.
- Quyt nh s 285/2006/Q-TTg ngy 25 thng 12 nm 2006 ca Th
tng Chnh ph v ni dung thm quyn ban hnh v t chc thc hin quy
trnh vn hnh h cha thy in.
- Quyt nh s 1879/Q-TTg ngy 13 thng 10 nm 2010 ca Th tng
Chnh ph v ph duyt danh mc cc h thy li, thy in trn lu vc sng
phi xy dng quy trnh vn hnh lin h cha.
- Quyt nh s 624/Q-TTg ngy 26 thng 4 nm 2011 ca Th tng
chnh ph v vic ban hnh Quy trnh vn hnh lin h cha cc h: Bun Tur
Srah, Bun Kup, Srpk 3 v Srpk 4 trong ma l hng nm.
- Quyt nh s 686/Q-TTg ngy 12 thng 5 nm 2011 ca Th tng
chnh ph v vic ban hnh Quy trnh vn hnh lin h cha cc h: PleiKrng,
Ialy, S San 4 v S San 4A trong ma l hng nm.
22

II. Mc tiu ca chng trnh

- Thit k c chng trnh quan trc tng th cp quc gia phc v
quan trc, theo di hin trng v nh gi din bin cht lng nc cc sng
chu tc ng bi hot ng ca 3 cng trnh thy in.
- Xy dng mng li im quan trc mi trng cc thy in Ty
Nguyn giai on 2013 - 2017 m bo tnh khoa hc, hin i v kh thi.
- Nhn dng cc vn mi trng lin quan n cht lng nc sng
nh hng bi cc cng trnh thy in nhm cnh bo v xut gii php
khc phc hiu qu v kp thi.
- Cung cp cc s liu, thng tin cn thit v hin trng v din bin cht
lng nc, thy sinh v trm tch y thc hin ni dung qun l mi
trng thy in, phc v mc tiu an ton ngnh in v bo v mi trng,
m bo cho s pht trin bn vng.
III. Yu cu c bn ca chng trnh quan trc
- Ph hp vi chng trnh v chin lc bo v mi trng quc gia;
- p ng mc tiu quan trc, bo m cht lng, thi gian v c tnh
kh thi;
- Tun th theo cc hng dn k thut, quy trnh, quy phm cho tng
thnh phn mi trng cn quan trc;
- Thc hin y cc bc thit k chng trnh quan trc mi trng.
IV. Nguyn tc thit k
- i tng quan trc u tin tp trung vo cc on sng, sui b cp
nc cho h cha, khu vc nhn nc x ca nh my thy in, cc v tr
quanh h cha c nh hng trc tip v su rng n nhu cu s dng nc v
khu vc h lu sng.
- K tha v tn dng ti a cc im quan trc v ang c thc hin
ti cc thy in nhm khai thc, k tha chui s liu quan trc c.
- Chng trnh c tnh m, linh hot c th thch nghi vi nhng yu
cu mi, nht l khi c nhng bin ng phc tp v mi trng cc a
phng ni chung v ti cc thy in ni ring.
- Khng thay th cho cc chng trnh quan trc khc ca ch u t cc
cng trnh thy in v ca cc a phng thc hin.
V. Cc bc thit k chng trnh quan trc
- Xc nh mc tiu chng trnh quan trc, nhu cu s dng thng tin, s
liu quan trc;
- Thu thp thng tin, t liu c lin quan v hin trng mng li im
quan trc hin c ca cc c quan, n v;
23

- nh gi cc tc ng tim tng n mi trng nc cc sng bi hot

ng ca cc cng trnh thy in;
- Xc nh cc thnh phn mi trng cn quan trc v thng s quan
trc;
- Lp danh mc cc thng s quan trc theo thnh phn mi trng: cc
thng s o ti hin trng, cc thng s phn tch trong phng th nghim;
- Kho st thc t; Xc nh ranh gii khu vc quan trc, v tr im quan
trc v m t v tr, a l, ta im quan trc (kinh , v ) v k hiu cc
im quan trc;
- Xc nh tn sut, thi gian, phng php ly mu, o, th nghim ti
hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim;
- Xc nh cc t chc v c nhn tham gia thc hin chng trnh.
VI. Xc nh v tr im quan trc
xc nh c cc v tr quan trc bo m tnh i din, c trng v
ti u ha mng li im quan trc, sau khi thit k d kin cc im quan trc
trn bn da trn quy trnh vn hnh cc cng trnh thy in, c im, iu
kin dng chy ca cc sng v cc thng tin, t liu thu thp c, Trung tm
Quan trc mi trng t chc on cn b i kho st thc t ti 03 cng
trnh thy in ti khu vc Ty Nguyn gm: Bun Kup, Yaly, S San 4 v cc
sng, sui trong khu vc nghin cu xc nh li v chnh xc ha ta v
tr cc im quan trc, cng nh m bo tnh kh thi v an ton, c th tip cn
c n cc im quan trc.

24

Hnh 1. V tr ca nhn nc nh my thy in Ialy

Hnh 2. V tr ca x nc sau tuabin nh my thy in Ialy

Cc im quan trc c xc nh gm cc loi sau:
- im quan trc hin trng: Gim st cht lng nc ti khu vc thng
lu cc sng v khu vc long h.
- im quan trc tc ng: Gim st cht lng nc khi chy qua cc
tuabin ca Nh my thy in, on tip nhn ngun nc t qu trnh quay
tuabin trc khi vo vo khu vc h lu ca cc thy in.
V nguyn tc thit k, Trung tm Quan trc mi trng tm hiu, thu
thp thng tin v hin trng mng li cc im quan trc ca cc a phng
lin quan, cc nh my thy in hn ch s chng cho, trng lp ca cc
chng trnh quan trc, gim st. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh xy dng mng li
quan trc khng th trnh khi c mt s im quan trc c th trng lp vi cc
chng trnh quan trc, gim st mi trng ca a phng v cc nh my
thy in do c cng nhu cu s dng thng tin. Tuy nhin, v c bn do mc
tiu ca chng trnh quan trc, nhu cu s dng thng tin, s liu quan trc,
thng s quan trc, thi gian v tn sut quan trc cng nh phng php quan
trc ca mi chng trnh l khc nhau, do trong qu trnh thit k, xy dng
chng trnh quan trc tng th ny, Trung tm Quan trc mi trng vn
xut nhng v tr quan trc ph hp, m bo ng mc tiu ca chng trnh
quan trc thit k l nhm theo di, nh gi c tc ng do hot ng ca
25

cc cng trnh thy in n mi trng nc cc sng. Trong qu trnh t chc

thc hin chng trnh quan trc, Trung tm Quan trc mi trng s phi hp
v thng xuyn thay i, chia s s liu quan trc mi trng vi cc bn lien
quan.
Qua thit k ban u, tng s im quan trc thit k c tng hp theo
tng cng trnh thy in trong giai on 2013 - 2017 bng sau:
Bng 1: Tng hp thng tin v s im quan trc giai on 2013 - 2017
S im quan trc
Thy in
Thy in Bun Kup
Thy in Ialy
Thy in S San 4
Tng cng

Thu
vn

Ho l
c bn

Sinh
hc

9
9
7
25

9
9
7
25

9
9
7
25

26

Trm
tch
y
6
6
5
17

Ghi
ch

Hnh 3. V tr thy in Bun Kup

27

Hnh 4. Bn cc im quan trc mi trng ti thy in Bun Kup giai on 2013 - 2017
28

Hnh 5. V tr thy in Ialy v S San 4

29

Hnh 6. Bn cc im quan trc mi trng ti thy in Ialy giai on 2013 - 2017

30

31

Hnh 7. Bn cc im quan trc mi trng ti thy in S San 4 giai on 2013 - 2017

32

Bng di y trnh by thng tin chi tit v mng li cc im quan trc tc ng n mi trng ca hot ng thy in ti
khu vc Ty Nguyn (tp trung vo cc cng trnh thy in: Bun Kup, Yaly, S San 4) giai on 2013-2017:
Bng 2: Thng tin v mng li cc im quan trc giai on 2013 - 2017
im quan
trc

TT

K hiu
im

Ta im
quan trc
V

Kinh

12o30806

107o58009

Thi gian thc hin quan trc

Nc mt
Thy sinh
Trm tch y Kiu/loi
2013- 2015- 2013- 2015- 20132015- quan trc
2014
2017 2014
2017 2014
2017

Ghi ch

I. Thy in Bun Kup

Nhp lu sng
1.
Krng Ana v T_SW_01
Krng N
2. Trc khi vo
T_SW_02
lng h
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Bc lng h

T_SW_03

Nam lng h

T_SW_04

Gia lng h

T_SW_05

12o3157,97 107o5630,81
12o3103,85 107o5545,47
12o3133,17 107o569,52

8. Ca x

QT hin
trng

QT hin
trng

QT tc
ng

QT hin
trng

107o55977

T_SW_07
T_SW_08

107o55267

T_SW_06
12o32264

Ca ly nc

12o3056,42 107o5745,29

12o31742
p trn

12o33447

107o58968

33

QT hin
trng
QT hin
trng
QT hin
trng

QT tc

im QT hin trng.
V tr nhp lu ca sng
Krng Ana v sng
Krng N
im QT hin trng.
Sng Srpk, b cp
nc cho lng h
im QT hin trng.
Lng h cha
im QT hin trng.
Lng h cha
im QT hin trng.
Lng h cha
im QT tc ng.
Nc sau khi qua p
trn
im QT hin trng.
Ca ly nc ca Nh
my thy in
im QT tc ng.

im quan
trc

TT

9.

Cu 14

K hiu
im

T_SW_09

Thi gian thc hin quan trc

Nc mt
Thy sinh
Trm tch y Kiu/loi
Ghi ch
quan
trc
2013- 2015- 2013- 2015- 20132015Kinh
2014
2017 2014
2017 2014
2017
ng
Nc sau ca x ca nh
my
QT tc im QT tc ng.
T107o55790
x
x
x
x
ng
Sau im x thy in

Ta im
quan trc
V

12o36796

II. Thy in Ialy

im sng S
14o1639,3 107o4927,6
10. San trc khi
T_SW_13
chy vo lng
h
im
sng
14o1658,7 107o5123,12
11. cbla trc
T_SW_14
khi chy vo
lng h
14o1429,88 107o5235,58
12. ng
Nam
T_SW_15
lng h
14o1529,67 107o4952,21
13. Ty lng h
T_SW_16
(b tri)
14o1559,52 107o5152,46
14. ng lng h
T_SW_17
(b phi)
14o1536,51 107o5054,34
15.
Gia lng h T_SW_18
16.

14o13984
p trn

14o14386

QT hin im QT hin trng.

trng
Lng h cha

QT hin im QT hin trng.

trng
Lng h cha

QT hin im QT hin trng.

trng
Lng h cha

QT tc
ng

x
34

107o49481

T_SW_19

17. Ca nhn nc T_SW_20

im QT hin trng.
QT hin Cht lng nc sng
trng
trc khi chy vo long
h
im QT hin trng.
QT hin Cht lng nc sng
trng
trc khi chy vo long
h
QT hin im QT hin trng.
trng
Lng h cha

107o49758

QT tc

im QT tc ng.
Nc ti khu vc p
trn ca thy in
im QT hin trng.

im quan
trc

TT

K hiu
im

Ta im
quan trc
V

Kinh

Thi gian thc hin quan trc

Nc mt
Thy sinh
Trm tch y Kiu/loi
2013- 2015- 2013- 2015- 20132015- quan trc
2014
2017 2014
2017 2014
2017
ng

18.

14o13337
Ca x

107o47699

T_SW_21

QT tc
ng

Ghi ch
Nc ti khu vc ca
nhn nc ca thy in
im QT tc ng.
Nc x, sau tuabin ca
Nh my thy in

III. Thy in Ssan 4

19. Thng
lu
T_SW_22
sng S San

13o5855

107o3131,12

Pha
ng
13o5812,84 107o3033,42
lng h (pha T_SW_23
Nam)
21. Pha Bc lng
13o597,37 107o3030,81
T_SW_24
h
22.
13o5839,13 107o3030,84
Gia lng h T_SW_25
20.

23.
24.

13o58119
p trn

13o58106
Ca x

QT tc
ng

QT tc
ng

107o29649

T_SW_27

25. H lu sng S
T_SW_28
San

107o29719

T_SW_26

im QT hin trng.
QT hin
Trc khi vo lng h,
trng
b cp nc cho lng h
QT hin im QT hin trng.
trng
Lng h cha

13o5834,1 107o2922,33

35

QT hin
trng
QT hin
trng

QT tc
ng

im QT hin trng.
Lng h cha
im QT hin trng.
Lng h cha
im QT tc ng.
Nc ti khu vc p
trn
im QT tc ng.
Nc x, sau khi qua
tuabin ca Nh my
im QT tc ng.
H lu im x ca Nh
my

VII. Xc nh thnh phn mi trng v thng s quan trc

Do y l chng trnh quan trc phc v nh gi tc ng n mi
trng ca hot ng thy in, nn thnh phn mi trng v cc thng s
quan trc cng c s khc bit so vi cc chng trnh quan trc mi trng
nc cc lu vc sng khc. Trong chng trnh ny, bn cnh vic quan trc
mi trng nc, s ch trng hn n vic quan trc mi trng sinh thi v
trm tch y. C th l trong chng trnh quan trc ny s quan trc cc thnh
phn mi trng vi cc thng s nh sau:
- i vi nc mt: la chn quan trc mt s thng s ha l c bn v
c trng c th nh gi cht lng nc sng v nh gi cc tc ng ca
hot ng thy in (nh: nhit nc, DO, du m, mt s kim loi nng);
- i vi thy sinh: bn cnh cc thng s quan trc c bn (ng vt
ni, thc vt ni, ng vt y), ch trng v b sung quan trc ch s t hp
c (IBI);
- i vi trm tch y: tp trung quan trc mt s kim loi nng v du
m khong.
Cc thng s quan trc theo tng thnh phn mi trng c trnh by
trong bng di y:
Bng 3. Thnh phn mi trng v thng s cn quan trc
giai on 2013-2017
Nhm thng s
Thu vn
Ho l c bn
- o nhanh ti hin trng

- Phn tch trong PTN

Thnh phn mi trng quan trc

Nc mt
Trm tch y
Mc nc
Vn tc dng chy
Lu lng nc
pH
Nhit (T0)
xy ho tan (DO)
dn in (EC)
Tng cht rn ha tan
(TDS)
Nhu cu xy sinh ho
36

Nhm thng s

Sinh hc

c hc
- Phn tch trong PTN

Thnh phn mi trng quan trc

Nc mt
Trm tch y
(BOD5)
Nhu cu xy ho hc
(COD)
Tng cht rn l lng
(TSS)
Amni (N-NH4+)
Nitrat (N-NO3-)
Nitrit (N-NO2-)
Pht phat (PO43-)
Tng st (Fe)
ng vt ni
Thc vt ni
ng vt y
Xc nh nh tnh v
nh lng mu c
Ch s t hp c
(IBI)
Ch s a dng ng
vt ni; thc vt ni
Ch s BMWPvietnam
(vi cn trng nc
v ng vt khng
xng sng c ln)
Ch (Pb)
Ch (Pb)
Asen (As)
Asen (As)
Thy ngn (Hg)
Thy ngn (Hg)
Tng du, m

VIII. Thi gian v tn sut quan trc:

- Trong nm 2012: Quan trc 1 t (thit k v thc hin 1 t quan trc
th nghim nhm nh gi tnh khoa hc, tnh i din v kh thi ca chng
trnh quan trc thit k trc khi trnh cp c thm quyn ph duyt).
- Giai on 2013 - 2014: Tn sut ti thiu 3 ln/nm (vo cc thng 4, 6 v 10)
tng ng vi thi im gia ma kh, gia ma ma v giao thi gia ma ma v
ma kh;
- Giai on 2015 - 2017: Tn sut ti thiu 6 ln/nm (vo cc thng 2, 4,
6, 8,10, v 11).
37

Tuy nhin, chng trnh tng th c thit k c tnh cht khung, hng
nm, cn c vo tnh hnh thc t cc vn mi trng ti cc thy in v s
kinh ph c giao s tin hnh lp k hoch quan trc chi tit vi vic la chn
thng s, a im, thi gian v tn sut quan trc cho ph hp.
IX. Phng php quan trc:
IX.1. Phng php ly mu v o c ti hin trng:
Thc hin ng theo Thng t 29/2011/TT-BTNMT ngy 01 thng 08
nm 2011 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng quy nh quy trnh k thut quan
trc mi trng nc mt lc a, c th nh sau:
TT
1

Loi mu
Mu nc sng, sui

S hiu tiu chun, phng php

TCVN 6663-1:2011;

Mu nc ao h

TCVN 5994:1995

Mu phn tch c

Phng php ni b ca phng th nghim

Mu trm tch y

TCVN 6663/15: 2004;

ISO 5667/15: 1999

Mu sinh vt ph du
APHA - 10200
Cc th tc bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong hot ng

ly mu v o c ti hin trng tun th cc vn bn v quy nh hin hnh

ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v bo m cht lng v kim sot cht
lng trong quan trc mi trng.
IX.2 Phng php bo qun v vn chuyn mu
Thc hin ng theo Thng t 29/2011/TT-BTNMT ngy 01 thng 08
nm 2011 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng quy nh quy trnh k thut quan
trc mi trng nc mt lc a. C th l:
- Mu nc sau khi ly, bo qun v lu gi theo TCVN 5993:1995 hoc
APHA 1060 hoc ISO 5667;
- Mu sau khi ly c chuyn n phng th nghim v phn tch cng
sm cng tt. Trong qu trnh vn chuyn, mu tip tc c bo qun trong cc
iu kin cn thit m bo an ton v khng bin i khi v ti phng th
nghim phn tch.

38

IX.3 Phng php phn tch trong Phng th nghim

Thc hin ng theo Thng t 29/2011/TT-BTNMT ngy 01 thng 08
nm 2011 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng quy nh quy trnh k thut quan
trc mi trng nc mt lc a. C th nh sau:
TT

Thng s

1.

pH

2.

Nhi t

3.

DO

4.
5.

EC
TDS

6.

TSS

7.

BOD5

8.

COD

9.

N-NH4+

10.

N-NO2-

11.

N-NO3-

Phng php phn tch

o bng my o theo TCVN 4559-1998; TCVN 6492:1999.
Phng php o i n th pH APHA 4500-H+B.
Xc nh theo TCVN 4557-1998.
My o.
Phng php Winkler theo TCVN 5499-1995.
TCVN 7324:2004, TCVN 7325:2004
Phng php i n ho ISO 5814 - 1990.
o bng my o dn i n.
o bng my o tng cht rn ha tan
Phng php khi lng sau khi lc, sy mu nhi t 103
- 105oC n khi lng khng i theo TCVN 6625:2000.
APHA-2540D (phng php xc nh tng cht rn l lng
sy kh 103 - 105oC).
Phng php cy v pha long theo TCVN 6001-1:2008
APHA-5210B (Xc nh BOD5 ngy) v TCVN 6001-2:2008
phng php khng pha long.
Phng php oxy ho bng K2Cr2O7 trong mi trng axit
theo TCVN 6491-1999.
APHA-5220C (Phng php hi lu m, trang 5-15 5-16).
APHA-5220D (Phng php chng ct hi lu ng, trc
quang).
Phng php chng ct v chun theo TCVN 6620:2000.
Phng php trc quang Nessler theo TCVN 4563-1988 hay
TCVN 6179-1996.
APHA-4500D (Phng php i n cc chn lc ion).
APHA-4500E (Phng php i n cc chn lc ion thm
chun).
Phng php trc ph hp th phn t theo TCVN 6178-1996.
Phng php sc k ion theo ISO-10340-1:1992.
Phng php trc quang theo TCVN 6180: 1996.
TCVN 7323-1:2004; TCVN 7324-2:2004.
39

TT

Thng s

12.

PO43

13.

Tng du, m

14.

Kim loi nng

ng vt ni;
Thc vt ni;
ng vt y;

15.

Xc nh nh
tnh v nh
lng mu c;
Ch s t hp
c (IBI); Ch s
a dng ng
vt ni v thc
vt ni; Ch s
BMWPvietnam
(vi cn trng
nc v ng
vt khng
xng sng c
ln)

Phng php phn tch

Phng php sc k ion theo ISO-10340-1:1992.
APHA-4500 NO3- E (Phng php kh bng Cadimi).
Phng php trc quang dng amoni molipdat theo TCVN
6202-1996.
APHA-4500P E (Phng php axit Ascorbic).
Phng php khi lng xc nh du v sn phm du m
theo TCVN 7875:2008; phng php hng ngoi, sc k kh
theo ISO-11046-1994 ho c bng my o chuyn dng.
Cc kim loi n ng (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr) phn tch bng phng
php quang ph hp th nguyn t TCVN 6193-1996; TCVN
6222-2008; TCVN 6197:2008, TCVN 6496:2009.
Cc kim loi Hg, As theo phng php quang ph hp th
nguyn t TCVN 5989-1995, TCVN 5990-1995, TCVN 59911995, TCVN 6626:2000, TCVN 7724:2007, TCVN
7877:2008.
Phng php cc ph.
Xc nh hm lng st bng phng php trc quang theo
TCVN 6177: 1996.

nh tnh cc nhm sinh vt ni theo cc ti liu nh loi ca

cc tc gi trong v ngoi nc;

nh lng thc vt ni bng bung m hng cu, dung tch
0,0009ml;
nh lng mu ng vt ni bng bung m Bogorov ci
tin vi dung tch 10ml.
ng vt khng xng sng c trung bnh v giun trn (Nematoda)
c nghin cu v xut lm ch th sinh hc nh gi cht
nc nc sng TCVN 7220-1: 2002; TCVN 7220-2: 2002
S dng phng php tnh ton theo h thng tnh im BMWP v
im s trung bnh (ASPT) nh gi cht lng nc
Phng php thng k, iu tra thng tin

40

X. Kinh ph thc hin:

Hng nm, cn c vo cc quy nh ti chnh hin hnh, ngun ngn sch
c giao, n v s xy dng k hoch quan trc v d ton kinh ph chi tit
trnh cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
XI. Qun l, x l s liu v lp bo co:
XI.1 Qun l v x l s liu quan trc:
Tun th theo cc quy nh hin hnh ca Tng cc Mi trng v ch
lu tr, x l s liu v bo co kt qu quan trc:
- C quan lu tr:
+ Trung tm Quan trc mi trng, Tng cc Mi trng.
- Phng php lu tr v x l s liu:
+ Lu tr trn ti liu giy tt c cc s liu ca cc im quan trc
+ Lu tr dng in t theo nh dng quy nh trn Excel v phn
mm qun l s liu quan trc ca Tng cc Mi trng.
XI.2. Lp bo co:
- Bo co nh k sau mi t quan trc.
- Bo co nm (nh k hng nm).
- Bo co tng kt giai on (c th nh k 3 hoc 5 nm).
Thc hin vic bo co kt qu quan trc theo nh k v t xut vi
Tng cc Mi trng, cc n v c lin quan trong Tng cc Mi trng. Cc
bo co kt qu quan trc c lp theo mu quy nh ca Tng cc Mi trng,
B Ti nguyn v Mi trng.
XII. T chc thc hin
XII.1. C quan qun l: B Ti nguyn v Mi trng
XII.2. C quan ch tr: Tng cc Mi trng
XII.3. C quan thc hin: Trung tm Quan trc mi trng, Tng cc Mi
trng
XII.4. C quan phi hp: Cc n v trong Tng cc Mi trng, cc S Ti
nguyn v Mi trng ca cc tnh c lin quan.
41

XII.5. T chc thc hin

- Trung tm Quan trc mi trng l u mi gip Tng cc trng Tng
cc Mi trng thng nht thc hin chng trnh quan trc, t chc v iu
phi vic thc hin k hoch hng nm v quan trc mi trng cc thy in ti
Ty Nguyn, qun l v lu tr s liu quan trc theo quy nh.
- Trn c s Chng trnh quan trc tng th c ph duyt, hng
nm, cn c vo nhu cu ca c quan qun l v da vo ngun kinh ph c
phn b, Tng cc Mi trng s tin hnh ph duyt d ton kinh ph quan trc
v giao nhim v quan trc c th.
- Trong qu trnh trin khai, tng bc gn kt chng trnh quan trc mi
trng cc thy in Ty Nguyn vi cc chng trnh quan trc khc ca quc
gia v chng trnh quan trc ca cc a phng trn cng a bn. Tng cng
s phi hp, trao i, chia s thng tin gia cc c quan qun l v thc hin
quan trc trn a bn.

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