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D tenemos:
+
n an( x )
n1
n=1
x 2 an ( x ) =0
n=0
n=1
n=0
n a n ( x )n1 an ( x )n +2=0
+
(n+1)a n+1 ( x ) an +2 ( x ) =0
n=0
n=2
a1 +2 a2 x (n+1)a n+1 ( x ) x
n=2
an +2 ( x )n=0
n=2
an+1an2 ( x )n
+
a1 +2 a2 x+ ( n+1 )
n=2
0
Por la independencia lineal del polinomio
a1=0
2 a2=0
No
a2=0
( n+1 ) an +1an2=0
( n+1 ) an +1=an2
n=2
n=3
n=4
a0 =3 a3
a1=4 a 4
a2=5 a5
a3 =a0 /3
a 4=0
a5 =0
a3 =6 a6
n=5
a6 =
a 4=7 a 7
n=6
a7 =0
a6 =9 a9
n=8
a3 n=
a9 =
a0
n=1,2,
3 ( n!) ,
n
a3 n +1=0 ,
n=0,1, 2,
a3 n1=0 ,
n=1,2,
n=1
n=1
a 3 nx 3 n=
+
Y ( x ) =
n=1
a0 x3 n
=0
3n (n !)
a0 x 3
n! 3
Y ( x ) =a0 e x / 3
Y I =x 2 y
Algunas series de Maclaurin
e x =1+ x +
x
e =
n=0 n !
x
x x
x
+ +
2! 3 !
n!
( )
3
a0
3x6
a0
3 x 6x 9
Sen ( x )=x
(1 ) x
x3 x5
+ +
3! 5!
(2 n+1)!
2 n+1
(1) x
e =
n=0 (2 n+1)!
x
cos ( x )=1
(1 )n x2 n
x2 x4
+ +
+
2! 4!
(2 n)!
cos ( x)= (1 )
n=0
x 3 x5
x 2n +1
senh=x + + +
+
3! 5 !
( 2 n+1 ) !
+
senh= (1 )
n=0
x2 n +1
( 2 n+1 ) !
x2n
( 2n ) !
2n
x x
x
cosh=1 + +
2! 4!
(2 n ) !
+
cos h=
n=0
xn
( 2 n) !
+
1
2
n
n
=1+ x + x ++ x += x
1x
n=0
Ejemplo.
Determine en
4yII+y = 0.
Solucin
Sea la solucin de la forma:
+
Y ( x ) = an ( xx 0 )
n=0
Y ( x ) = an x
n=0
Y ( x ) = nan x n1
n=0
Y ( x ) = n(n1)a n x
n2
n=0
4 n(n1) a n ( x )
n2
n=1
+ an ( xx 0 )n=0
n=0
n
+
n=1
n
4 (n+2)(+1) an+2 +a n x n=0
n=1
an +2=
an
4 (n+2)(n+1)
Para:
n=0
a2=
a0 a 0
= 2
8
2 2 !
n=1
a3 =
n=2
a2
a4
=
443 8443
a 4=
n=3
a5 =
a1
a
= 0
432
a3
a1
=
454 432454
a6 =
n=4
a7 =
n=5
a4
a
= 6 0
465 2 6 !
a5
a1
= 4
476 2 5!476
Y ( x ) =a0 +a 1x
a0
2
2 2 !
a1
2
2 3 !
a0 x
4
2 4 !
a1 x
4
2 5 !
a0 x
6
2 6 !
a1 x
6
2 7 !
x2
x 4
x 6
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
x3
x5
x7
Y ( x ) =a0
+ + a1 (x 2. + 4 6 + )
1!
2!
4!
6!
2 3 ! 2 .5 ! 2 .7 !
( ) ()
()
x 3
x 2
x 2
1
1
1
2
2
2
x
+
2
3!
5!
7!
+
(1)n x 2 n
(
)
Y x =a 0
+ 2a 1
2
n=0 ( 2 n ) !
()
()
()
()
(1 )n x
( x )=a0
2
n=0 ( 2 n ) !
+
2n
()
(1 )n
x
+ 2 a1
2
n=0 ( 2 n+1 ) !
+
2 n+1
()
Y ( x ) =a0 cos
( x2 )+2 a sen ( x2 )
1
( x2 )+ c sen ( 2x )
2
Ejercicios:
Determinar mediante serie de potencia en x0=0, las siguientes E.D.
Y II + Y =0
Y II =Y I
Y I + x 3 Y =0
Y II Y =0
(1+ x)Y I 2Y =0
TEOREMA DE FROBENIUS
Si x = x0 es un punto singular regular de la ecuacin diferencial
II
a2 ( x ) y +a1 ( x ) y + a1 ( x ) y=0
Existe al menos una solucin de la forma
y ( x )= ( xx 0 )
an ( xx 0 )n
n=0
y ( x )= an ( xx 0 )
n+ r
n=0
Ejemplo.
Resolver 3xyII + yI y = 0.
Solucin:
La E.D tiene como punto singular regular a x0 = 0, usando el teorema de
Frobenius tiene la solucin de la forma:
+
y ( x )= an ( xx 0 )
n+ r
n=0
y ( x )= an ( x )
n+r
n=0
y ( x )= (n+ r) a n ( x )
n+r
n=0
y ( x )= an ( xx 0 )n+ r
n=0
n+ r2
n=0
Reemplazando en la E.D.
+
( n+ r )( n+ r1 ) an ( x )
n=0
n+r 1
+ (n+r )an ( x )
( n+ r )( 3 n+3 r 3+1 ) an ( x )
n=0
n+r1
n=0
( n+ r ) ( 3 (n+1)+ 3 r2 ) an +1 ( x )
n=0
n +r1
an ( x )
an ( x )
n=0
n +r
=0
n =0
n+r
a n ( x )
n=0
n+r
=0
n +r
=0
n+r
n+ r
( n+r +1 ) an +1 ( x ) a n ( x ) =0
n=0
r ( 3 r 2 ) a0 ( x )
r ( 3 r2 ) a0 ( x )
r 1
r 1
+
n=0
r ( 3 r2 ) a0=0 r 1=0,r 2 =
2
3
r 1=0
an
( n+1 ) (3 n+ 1 )
n=0 a 1=
a0
a
= 0
1 11!
n=1 a2=
a1
a
a0
= 0 =
24 24 2 !14
n=2 a3=
a2
a0
a0
=
=
37 3247 3 !47
n=3 a 4=
a3
a0
a0
=
=
410 3247410 4 !4710
n=n1 an=
Para: r2 = 2/3
a0
n !(14710 ( 3 n2 ))
n+r
=0
an +1=
an1=
an
5
n+ (3 n+3)
3
( )
=an
an
( 53 )(n+1)
3 n+