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    BOLD Utility Patent USS 8952251 B2

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    VICTORMARCE
    gfhk

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    US0089S2251152, «2 United States Patent (ao) Patent No.: US 8,952,251 B2 Fulk et al, 5) Date of Patent: Feb. 10, 2015 (54) HIGH-CAPACTTYIEERICIENCY 65) References Cited TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 1) Applicant: AEP Transmission Holding Company, Aa Coline OHO 3000 A + 94961 deaer ota aio “a9 A” otbet Te (72) Inventors: Methuan Zi Full, Levis Center, OH os S188 Drejtne (US) Richard Gutman, Cle, OF oe id (Comimed) (73) Assignee: ARP Transmbsion Holding Company, eee NC Columban OF TUS) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (4) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, thetermofitis EE, Hl28S13 001 patent i extended or adjusted under 38 NG Uae AL USC. 1540) by Oday OTHER PUBLICATIONS (21) Appl Nos 19870187 DAjeloetal Quantitative vation the Vs Int of Ove (22) ited: Apr. 25,2018 ea ines, CGE 199610 pes (65) Prior Publication Data amie) spo aA eA et 1201s Primary Examiner — Boris Chervinsky Related US. Application Data Assistant Examiner — Pete Lee (60). Pawisiona application No. 616539,126, Sled on Ape. (74) Auorney, Agent, oF Fim — Morgan, Lewis & Boekivs 27,2012 nd (1) Incr, o ABSTRACT ize a2 (2006.01) 1026 720 (2006.01) A transmission ower strietre fr suspending oman arched (22) US.C1 crossarm a ttce phic crit arranged in a compoct delta ce 0G 720 201301) sensation tit improves the surge impedance lain src 5 ‘Sas'tiy GIL) ofa tansmission Ine, reduces is sees impedance, RP Cae ee lowers bth resistive and corona losses, and moderates ele Imvmagnetic fekls and audible nose effects atthe ground cre 1H02G 7/14; 1102G 7/20; H02G 7/056; HO3G 7/125; HO2G 7/12; HO2G 102; HO2G level all achieved ina cost effective manner. The structure a2; Flot 1235, OLR aeas ‘luther has kw overall ight and east appease Uae Ti¥l40 R42, 43,44, 2O'TD, 45, ebancing the public acceptance of the embodiments 174/45 1D, 400C ‘ce application file for complete search history 14 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets US 8,952,251 B2 Page 2 66) References Cited USS. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4571901 A+ 39TL Doccy eta soo RaORTIT A * S!OTL Sco iiaase ANORMS A | 49T4 Spac Aoleos7 A * 0197S Tinker ras Dranzes $ 121976 Pack 421072 A RI980 Ponder assl02 A> TI9st White 48 S391'929 & 21995 Kalyon Dso7ss 8 $1996 Coxe Dssiloos § 71997 Tallon D3s?881 § 121997 Tallon Da0279 § 121998 Mina SOSIST A 22000, Gumpert FS01'574 BL 3200 Graham 7530599 25/009 Bowhets D6l0.087 822010 Johnson Delsss § 42010 Mueter 7532708 BL* 62010 Peabody 1740 R Kositos 2 1011 Holsonbeck 40.6861 Rust? B* 22012 Leeatal ‘240 20080156524 Al Soroonesso8 Al poi0163208 Al Too Sachin ea 32010 tecet 32010 Shim OTHER PUBLICATIONS oda ot a, Effect of Land Price on Transmission Line Design, (CIGRE 2002, 6 pages. Arabani otal, An Optimum 4 Cicit (2230423653) Ky TL. in Tehran Urban Area with Minimum Ensironmenal Impact, C1GRE 2002.3 pages Cleric etal, AC andlor DC Substantial Power Upsrading of Existing NTL Cours, Sep. 1991, 6 aes. Keyl, Design, Meckancal Aspects and other Subject of compact EV OH Tecnology, Midwest—Expanding Falge Samia, Sep, 2004.46 pases Svvator etal A110 kV Overhead Transmission Line of Compact Type: Design, Operating Esperence, ComactorOsiltion Contr CIGRE 1991, Spaz. Chan, SUO-kV Teammission Line Design Overview of Design Parameter Interdependencies, Feb. 2011, Chapters 912, Electic Power Research Intute Techical Uplate Elle et a, EHVAUHV Transmission Systems, EPRI AC Trammis sion Line Reference Book 345 kV and Above, Sscond Eon, Secon nition revissd 1987, lets Power Research insite Reyer, Chapter I-—Transinsion Systems, EPRIAC Trane mission Line Reference Book 200 KY an Abot, Third Edin, 3005, Flee Power Research Insite Dovghise ta, Chater 2 Elcincal Charterites of Conductor (Con guration and Circuits, EPRI AC Transmission Line Reference ‘Book 200 KV and Above, Tied Eulton, 2008, Eleuic Power Research latte ‘Ab-Sarra etal, Chpter3—Insltion Design, EPRIAC Tammie fon ine Refeenes Hook —200 RV an Abie. Thin Eton, 2005, Elect Power Research Lat, Pillip etal, Chapter 4—Insultion for Power Frequeney Voltage, EPRUAC Transmission Line Reference Book 200 RV snd Above, hid Edition, 205, lsc Power Rescarh Lost, Zaffnella, Chapter 5 Switching Surge Performance, EPR AC Transiston ne Reference Book 200 KV and Above, Third Ea ion 2005, Flestsc Poser Research insite. (Chisholm ota, Chapter Lightning and Grounding. EPRE AC ‘Transmission Line Refernce Book 200 KV and Abo Tit Ei vio, 2008, Elevtic Power Ressarch Inst. Olson e a, Chaper 9- Eletomagnetic Interference, EPRI AC Transmission Line Reference Book 200 kV and Above, Thid Edie tion, 2005, Hlectc Power Research isi Bien et al, Chapter 10—Antible Noise, EPRI AC Transision ine Reference Book--200 RV and Abswe, Third Eton, 2005, Elec Power Revere lastnts Marwan, Chapter 1L-Corom Loss and oon, EPR AC Trans aission Tine Reference Book 200 KV and Above, Thinl dion, 2005, Flot Power Research litte, (Olen, Chapter [2 Share Uso he Right-of-Way, EPR AC Transmission Line Reference Book 200 KV and Above, Thin Et tion 2005, Elst Power Resarch Insite ‘Stewart es, Chapter 13--Consdeations for Inspection aad Maine ‘aiabiliy, EPRE AC Transmission Line Reference Book ~200 kV int Above, Thitd Edition, 2005, Elcrc Power Rexareh nati, Douglass etal. Chapter 4—Volage Upgrading of isting Tans ‘mission Lins, EPRI AC Transmision Line Reference Book 200 Vand Above Third Tlition, 2005, Electric Power Resenrch Ii (Chateretal, Chapter 1S Transmission Lines Above 7004V, EPIL AC Tramsnission Fine Reference Book 200 RV and Above, Thin Ftion, 2008, ectric Power Reveach Institue Abst tal, Economic of Sine and Bundle Conductors for Er igh-Vollage Transmssion, Abe, Lindh, Simmnoms-- Contos For FHY Transmission, pp. 138-147 un. 1960 Binetal Typical Models of Compact Transmission Lincsand Appi cation Prospect in SOOKW AC Stem of China, 1998 IEEE, pp, dissin rosea tal, Compaction Techniques Applied o Subtransnision Line Upating 41.6 KV (0 118 KY, IEEE Teansctons on Power Apyrats and Systems, pp. 1989-1965, vol. PAS-I00, No.4 Ape We. [Burnham etal, High Suength Polymer Pot Insultor able co. ome Transmission Lines Wit Low Environmental Impact, 134 TELE, pp. 494-503, Cai, e al, Flxile Compact AC Transmission System a New ‘Mode for Carge-capaciy and Longedistance Power Tamsnisio, 2006 HEE, pp 1-6 Gabrielle, etal. Hletrcal constants and Relative Capacities of ‘Bunled-Conictor Transmission Lines, Gabriele, Marcheak, Vas sell Bundled-ConductorTransmision Line pp. 7892, an. 964 Nayak eal, ENV Transmission Line’ Capacity Enhancement ‘hvough increase in Saye Impedance Loving Level, 20061 FE pp, 1 (Ondon eal, Considerations inthe Design of Thee Phase Compact Transmssion [mes 1998 IEEE, pp 108114 Alexandra eta Oxerhen Linc Designing in View of Environmen- tal Constants Compact Overhead Lines. CIGRE 1998.6 pages Toudom tal A Compact 420V Cine sing Line Surge Asters {orares With Low lokeraine Level, CIGRE 198, 9 pages Yang & al Sua of SOOKV Compact Transmission Technolog, CCIGRE 1998, 7 page, Villaet al Compt Transmission Line Wit vere Della Config tation, CHGRE 2002, 4 pages ‘Teantias eta, Compas and Optimum Phase Condstor Arrange ‘ment forthe Redotion of Fleti an Magnetic Fields of Overhead Ties, CIGRE 200. 6 pages Livet al, Experimental flashover exarch on Switching Impulse of| 750 KY Single Cicut Compoet Transmission Power Tower, CIGRE 2010, 12 pugs. ‘Gong etal, Test om the First S00 RV Compact Transrission Lie ia Chi, 2000 EEE, pp 178178 Wei-Gang, Stay om Conductor Configuration of $00 kV Chang Fang Compact Line, IEEE Tramsactioos on Power Delivery vo. 18 No.3, Jul 2008, pp. 1002-1008 Zobel eta, Narrower Transmission Corridors Made Possible with ‘Now Compact Conductor Support Systm for EHV and UHV Lines, CIGRE International Conferoson Large High Volage Hs ems ug. 27-Sep.4, 1980, 16 pg. Boos al, Experiences Gained inthe Operation of Maile Cireut High Voltage Overhead Lincs of Compact Desig, CIGRE ates ‘ional Confereace a Large High Voltage Flesvie Systems, Aug [Sop 4, 1986, 9 pape. Regi tl, Expanded Bundle Technique: The Application of HSH. TL Coneept 0 Inrease the Capacity of Overead Lines, CIGRE 1998, 7 pes, Femandes ct al, S00 RV Compact Line of Flsronorte Brit ‘Conception Flesreal and Mechanical Desig, CIGIE International Conference, Aug. 26Sep. 1 19509 page US 8,952,251 B2 Page 3) 66) References Cited OTHER PUBLICATIONS Gingras tl, Review ofthe Hydo-Quebec System Operation with Sates Compensation, CIGRE 200, & pages. Cleric et a, Compact versus Conventional EHV Lines: Technical ‘nd Economical Comparision, paper, CIGRE International Confer fence on Large High Volige esi Systems, Aug 20-Sep. 6 1984, Spages (Chen et, Research on Compact Transmission Lies in Otro, pape, CIGRE: Iteration Cnfereneeon Large High alae Flee tre Syaems, Aug. 28Sep. 6, 1974.9 pages Dulaon etal, Suze Inpaiance of Overhead Lines with Bundle Conductors ting Short ne Falls, techacal paper, CIGRE Electra Magazine No. 17, Ape. 1971, pp LS+122, ‘Working Group 11 of Study Commie 22, Results of the Question- are om Interphase Spacer, techni! pap, CIGIR Fectra Maga ‘ine No. 1M, Aug. 1992 pp. 788. ‘Alexandrov etal Improvement athe Efcency of 36 220 kV ine, International Confeenceon AC an DC Power Tranmson, 199K pp. 226-231 Chart et al, Corona Peformance of a Compact 290-KV Line IEEE Transaetions om Power Delivery, vl 10, No. [Js 1993, pp 410-420, Mousa, The Hlectie Fields at Ground Level Associate withthe Inverted Datta Configuration, IEEE Trasacions on Power Delivery, ol PAS-100, No. 12, Dee, 1981, 7p. 49154917 Anaesrand eal, Inston Perfomance Analysis of « S00-4V Tragsmisson Live Design, IEEE Tramactions on Power Delivery. sol PAS-9, No.3 Mar 1970, pp. 429-437 ia ea, Inca Ange Selection of V-Shape Insulator Suing for 750-KV Compact Transisson Line, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vl. 26, No.1, Jan-2011,pp-385393. Dabubet al, Compson of Mignetic-Fiek! Distitaton of Noneompact and Compt Pall Iransmisson-Line Configure tions IEEE Teansatons on Power Deliver. vol 20, No.3, Ju. 2008, pp. 2114-218 Sos eta Optimized Reduction of the Magnetic Field Neat Swedish 40 KY ies y Advance Control of Shield Wire Cares Teat Rens and Eeonomic Evaluation, IEEE Trnsationson Power oliver, vl. 9, No.2, Ap. 1994, pp. 961-969. Cale, etre Feld Control inthe Vii of EH’ Transm: sion ines EEE Transactions on Power Delivery val. PAS-100, No. 4 Ape 1981, pp. 2017-2025 CGciactl, plication of Porabl Protective Gaps fr Live Work on Compact 550 kV Transmission Lines, IEEE Transtetions on Power Delivery, so, Noh Al 1996 pp. 1419-1429 Kaminag etal, Development of Compact 500 KV 8000 a Gas Insulated Teansmision Line-Dust Control Dusing Field Soining ad Mathod for Dtetina Conductive Pacis, IFEE Transitions oa Power Delivery, sol. PWRD-2, No 4, Ost 1987, pp. 961968 ‘Tsujimoto et al Investigation of Conductor Swingin by Wind and uy Application for Deign of ComctTranamasion Line IEEE Tragsctons on Power Delivery, vl PAS-IO1, No I, Nov 1982, pp. 361-1309, Milo etal, Elects and Magnetic Fields of Compact Transmission ines, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery vol. 4, No. Il 1999; pp. 200-204 Kobayashi eal, Development of Compact $00 kV S000 a Gas Inslated‘ansenssion Tine Study on Insulation Design. TEEE “Transactions on Power Delivery, vl. PAS-I03, No. I, Nov 198, pp. st. 1364 ‘Sflakibars «a, Development of Low-Wind Presre Condctrs for Compact Ovesheul Transmission Line, IEEE Transactions on Power Delve ol PAS-103, No. 10, Oct. 1984, pp. 3117-3124 ele etal Compact Righto-Wiys wth Mul-Valage Towers, 801 5, No.4 Oct 1991, pp 180-1689 Vaisman eal, Switching Inpulse Suength of Compact Transmis- sion Lines, vo 8, No.3 ul. 1093, pp. 187051878 Rohlf et, Siching impulse Suength of Compacted Transmise sion Line Ht and Delia Configurations, vol, PAS-102, No.4, Apr 1983, pp. 822-831, Geta ctl, Defective lasolators in Live Working ona 550 KV Com= pao Stel Latice Tower, vl. 12, No.2, Ape. 1997, pp. 783-790 De La Rosat a, Contributions to Lighining Resear fo Transm sion Line Commpection, ol. 3, No.2, pr. DSS, pp 716-725, ‘Basra, Optimization of Conductor Design, vol. 4, No 1, an 1989, fp. 153-464 Kioto al, nslator Crossarms for 345-4 ENV Transmission Line, vo PAS-90, No.2. Mar Ap 1971, pp 756-767 metal et al, A Proposed Design foF the Now Furs S00 kV Transmssion Lins the High Surge Impedance Leading Line, vol 14.No. Jan, 1999, pp, 278-286 Eger etal Experience witha 380 kV “Camouge Line, CIGRE 1198 5 pages. Bohmect al, Oxerhend Transmission Line: Design medio Reluce the Peniting Tie, CIGRE 198, pages Bucket, The Eecticity Supply Inds an its pact on Tans- ‘mission Line Techtology—Foonomical Aspects, CIGIE 2002, 10 pases Bystrup_Arcitecture, Design & Engineting. Pylon, Pylon Design Competition Royal laste of Bash Archit 6, WW sibapylondesign.com, ul 2011 MS. Nath etal Increasing the Power Transfer Capability of Transmision Lines on Txisting Rightof-way in Onno Hy, CCIGRE 1992 Sesion Proceedinss, pope 22-201, Pais 1G, Cassin 70, Ngo, Reseach on Compact Transmission Lines in ‘Ontario, CIGRE 1972 Sesion Procecings, paper 31-07, Pas France holo Vil tal, Compost Transmission Line With Inverted Det CConfguaion,CIGRE 2002, paper 22-103, Pais, France. Stoffel etal, Hectic powerhighvllage uassion ines: Design ‘options, cost and elect and magni idle, Environment Assessment Division. Argonne National Laboratory. Nov 1398, (Conti et al; Technical oltonsto rece SO magnetic lds trom power ines, Power Tech Conference Proceedings, 2003 IEEE Balor fam, fon 23-26, 2008 ‘Namimet al, Upating of 27SKV Lines to 400K¥ as Pat of Contin gency Plan or Generation Iteration, 2006 IEEE PES Transision ant Distibuion Conference and Exposition Lain Ameren, Venez os Notifeaion Conccning Transmit of Itemational Preininary ‘Report Patentability dated Nov. 62014 om the Iteration] ‘Burau in counterpart international application No. PCT'US2O13 040368 * cited by examiner FIG-1 U.S. Patent Feb. 10, 2015, Sheet 2 of 9 US 8,952,251 B2 [—-1 FIG-2 U.S. Patent Feb. 10, 2015 Sheet 3 of 9 US 8,952,251 B2 | —17 FIG-3 PRIOR ART U.S. Patent Feb. 10,2015 Sheet 4 of 9 US 8,952,251 B2 FIG-4 U.S. Patent Feb. 10, 2015, Sheet 5 of 9 US 8,952,251 B2 FIG-5 U.S. Patent Feb. 10,2015 Sheet 6 of 9 US 8,952,251 B2 U.S. Patent Feb. 10, 2015 Sheet 7 of 9 US 8,952,251 B2 FIG-7 U.S. Patent Feb. 10, 2015, Sheet 8 of 9 US 8,952,251 B2 FIG-8 U.S. Patent Feb. 10, 2015 Sheet 9 of 9 US 8,952,251 B2 US 8,952,251 B2 1 HIGH-CAPACTTY/BFFICIENCY "TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN (CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS, This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No, 61/639, 126 fled on Apr 27,2012 for High-Capacity/Efiieney Transmission Line Design, incomporated herein by reerenee. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIVE FIELD The present invention is directed to high-capacity high- clicieney altemating current (AC) overhead transmission Jines. In one embodiment, power transmission Hine with a three-phase compact delta configuration is suspended by a single crossarm. The present invention relates 10 a novel ‘ransmission line to maximize load-carrying ability, environ- ‘mental compatibility, cost effectiveness, and public accep- Public intrest in clean, reliable poser supplies, combined with renewable generation projects being developed in arcas remote from load eeaters, demands transmission infratrne- ture capable of delivering efficiently lage blocks of poser 2 over long distances. In view of the public apposition to over head transmission in general, and 765 Klovalt (KV) (ie, the highest transmission Voltage class in the U.S.) in particular electric ltes resort to building conventional 345 KV lines and augmenting such lines with serios compensation t fchieve the performace characterises of higher- voltage transmission. "The transmission line design ofthe preferred embodiniat boos the performance of 345 kV Tines beyond their tadi- ‘ional capabilities without relying on costly extemal devices, such a3 sores eapacitors. In the preferred embodiment, low profile, aesthetic features minimize the environmental impoct nd structure costs, seeking fo improve public acceptance of ‘ew transmission projects, Tt has been established through engineering analysis and practice that load-carrying ability, o loadability, ofa trans- ‘mission ines imitedby one or more ofthe following factors: (@ thermal rating, (i) voltage-drop constraint, and. (il) steady-state stability Timitation, Thermal rating isan outcome ff the conductor andor terminal equipeent selection pro- cess, and is most limiting for lines shorter than 50 miles. Longer lines are imited primarily by voltage-drop and/or stability considerations, both of whichare directly afected by the length- dependent impedance ofthe Fine Fora given line length, the most effective method ofredne- fing impedance and therchy improving loadability, is o raise the transmission voltage class. However, due to public oppo- sition, multiple lower-voltage lines ae built with series com- ‘ponsation to roduce the impedance and achiove the required loadabilty objectives ‘Series compensation, ditionally has been used asa near- term remedy’ stretch the AC system capability. Also, in some ares, seres-compensated Hines serveas a substitute for higher-vollage transmission to transport sizable power blocks point-to-point aver long distances. These applications invar- ably are accompanied by eoncems such as subsynchronous resonance (SSR) and subsyucheonows contol interaetions (SSCD, koown to pose risks (electrical machinery and prid stability ‘Other concerns include system protection complexities, ‘maintenance and spare equipment requirements, electcical losses, limited life expectancy relative to that of the line itself 2 nd future grid expandability challenges. Grid expandability isof particular concem whe pping the seriee-compensated Tine to serves new load center oto integrate a new generating source because these developments: i)ean resultin overcom- penssted line segments, and (i) may be beyoud the utility's contr “The new transmission line design, a 345 KV Tine i the preferred embodiment, minimizes these concerns while inherently offering the requisite capacity and efficiency for both long-and shortstancebulk power doliveros withinthe clectrcal grid ‘SUMMARY OF THE GENERAL INVENTIVE ‘CONCEPT Inall embodiments ofthe invention, high-capacity, high- cffcieney 345 kV overhead transmission line design offers performance advantages relative to typical configurations ‘now in sein theeletri utility industry. This design provides viable altematve to the use of sries-compensated 345 kV Tines andr higher-volage lines for transporting efficiently large power blocks overlong distances (eg, 100 miles) one that is superior in terms of simplicity of design and engineer- ing, constriction and operation, grid expandability, 1S expectancy, and life eyele cost ‘The preferred embodiment of the invention represents double-circuit- (and. single-eircuitdouble-cireuit-capable) Tines, characterized by’ a compact intemhase configuration using bundled conductors suspended from structures with a low, aesthetic profile. The new structure preferably is com- prisedofa singleurch-shaped tubular steel erossaet support ing both circuits symmetrically about a single tubular ste! pole shaft. Three phases with two, three, four (or more) ‘bundled conductors each are preferably held together in a “delta” arrangement by means of V'sting suspension insu ‘or assemblies and interphase insulators, while maintaining desired phase-to-structure instlator assembly connections, Tis prefered embodiment of the invention improves the surge impedance leading (SIL) of a transmission line (ae, a ‘measure of Tine loadability), reduces its series impedance, lowers both resistive and corona (air ionization) losses, and moderates electromagnetic fields (MF) and audible noise effects at the pround level—all achieved in a cost effective BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS ‘The following description ofthe example embodiments refers to the accompanying figures that form a part thereof. The description provides explanations by way of exemplary embodiments. visto be understood that other embodiments ‘may be used having mechanical and electrical changes that incorporate the seopeo the present invention without depart- ‘ng fom the sprit of the invention. Tn addition to the features mentioned above, other aspects ‘of the present iavention will be readily apparent from the following descriptions of the drawings and exemplary embodiments, wherein ike reference numerals across the several views refer to identical or equivalent featntes, and wherein: FIG. 1 illustrates the preferred embodiment ofthe tans- snjssion lie ofthe present invention; FIG. 2 illustrates the prefered embodiment ofthe tans- ‘mission line of the present invention (schematic) FIG. 3 illustrates one typical 345 KV transmission line in se (prior ar}; US 8,952,251 B2 3 FIG. 4illustrates another embodiment of the transmission line of the present invention; FIG. § illustrates anothor embodiment of the transmission Tine ofthe present invention; IG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the transmission Tine ofthe present invention; TG. illustrates another embodiment of the transmission Jine ofthe present invention; IG. illustrates another embodiment of the transmission Tine ofthe present invention; FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment ofthe yoke plate fora 4-coatlvetor bundle: FIG. 10ilusrates one embodiment ofthe yoke plate fora 3-comuctor bundle; IG. 11 illustrates one embodiment ofthe yoke plate fora 2-consuctor bundle DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT(S) FIG, 1 shows the prefered embodiment of « 45 kV double-crcuit line design ofthe preset invention It features 1 streamlined, relatively low-profile stricture with phase- conductor bundles arranged into compact “delta” eonfigura- tions by m substantially triangular shape with intemal angles inthe range of 30 to 120 degrees). Compact delta configurations have theadvantageof improved lin surge impedance loading (SIL), lower series impedance, and reduced ground-level EME effects (“compact” means a relatively closer arrange- ‘ment than ypcal transmission Hine configurations that oils theneed for series compensation or any significant amount of series compensation; “compact” means in the rage of 10 vo 20 eet between any to phases). SIL, a loading levelat which the Tine attains sel-suiiency in reictive power (Le. no net reactive power into or cut of the line), convenient *yard- Sick" for messuring relative loadabilities of long lines oper ating at similar or dissimilar, nominal voltages. "The designol FIG. 1 employs upto four (or more) conduc- tors per phase, offering sinificam gains in thermal capacity tnd energy elfcieney ofthe linc. In situations where four conductor or larger bundles are deemed unnecessary for thet= smal reasons, the present invention ean be used with three- oF two-conductor bundles. with associated cost reductions, although some loss of SI wil reall. Altemately the higher cost of larger hundles enn he reduced with smaller-diametee conductors, while preserving much ofthe SIL improvement. ‘Aso, te higher eost of larger bundles can be offset by power fand energy’ savings due 10 greater line eilcieney. These ‘changes would representa refinoment of he present invention design described herein viies involve in transmission line ight and esthetic appearanceol the now design ar expected to enhance public acceptance of ew transmission prijects. The new design is elliciently accommodated within a typical right-of-way (ROW), 150 Teet wide for 345 kV construction, FIG. 2 shows a sehematie of the 345 KV double-cireit design illustrated in FIG. 1. It preferably includes a single steel pole shaft (1) supporting an arc-shaped tubular steel crossarm (2), which imparts a streamlined, aesthetic, low profile appearance. The average overall structure height, at approximately 100 fee, is about 30% lower than tht of traditional $45 kV’ double-crcuit design with the same attachment height of the bottom phase conductor bundle Bach phase contains multiple conductors forming 2 bundle approximately 16 to 32 inches in diameter. Spocings among ms of intexphase insulators (“delta” means in 22 4 the three phases inthe example embodiment (approximstely 14 feet, 14 fet and 18 fet are maintained using interphase insulators (7) and (9). These dimensions and bundle phase farangements can vary, provided the requis interphase Slearances are mainained o prove line Workers and the public. The cross 2) supports preferably ovo ground! Shield wires (12), which ue positional io provide preferred 2exo-deure shield angle tothe outmost phase condvtor ‘rune (62), Areh-shped tubular tel crossarm, as shown in FIG. 2, is prefer it provides the insulator assembly tachment Points atthe desied positions while having a simple and gant appearance, The crossirm shape can be vied fom fnarh with the adi of 30-50 fest 0 straight anon fs theattachnent pints forthe inslator assemblies maintain th required phaseto-aound an phase-tosphase clearances The prefered confumtion ofthe new 345 KV design ploy interphase insulators, which bol phase conductor bundles inacempact deli configuration and oer insulators that attach each of those bundles tothe stueturelerssaem body to minimize th ak of paseo phase als, The iter ‘nal anle between the insulator pits (3) and (4), (6) and (7) (®)and (10) is peefeed at 100 degrees bt ean vary fom 40 120 depres. The prolereed angle will maintain both sides Of V-stringinsulstors in enson under a wind loading ofp to 6 psf. which eomesponds to wind speed of shout 50 mph Insulator (3). (4), (6) and (10) could be ceramic, glass of polymer, for example ‘The interphase insulators (7) and (9) will have the capacity to withstand the design tension, compression, and torsional ‘ds and mits the pive-to-phae dry-are distance nd leakage distance requirements. The net distance between the rang rings (i require) of Ue imterphase insulator i re tribly not less than 9.28 Tet. The iterphose insults (7) tual ©) wll preferably have dhe sre eoataminaton perfor ‘mance a8 the oer insulators use inthe Vtrng. This Wil ‘sulin the acta leakage distance being longer than that of ‘hephase-oqround nstlatorby factor othe square-root thre, Polymer insulators can provide a higher rato of leak- age distance over dry-are distance to fit more leakage distance into the same overall ction length Silicone ruber polymer insulators are preferable duct higher fshover sre expa- bility compared with edbyleue propylene diene monomer (EPDM) nidber polymer insulators and standard ceramic or ss insula. Grading rings ifrequited, re preferably installed on both caus of the polymer insulators. For ceramic or gla ins tor ths needs established by elcetica testing, The grading ‘Rngsand their attechmeats should withstond the elect aes Gf flshover cross the insulator and those rom a lightning Strike. These rings and end fitings should preferably he erona ee under dy conditions. The 0H eleti eld on fny pat of the polymer portion ofthe insulator preferably should not exgeed 8.42 Vim for more than a distance fo 10 min micas along the longitudinal axis ofthe inst Ito. ‘As showin FIG. 2 for Citeuit No, 1 (70), insulator (3) is suspended fom thearc-shaped tubular sto erssarm 2) via ‘tenanestion plate koown as thogh-yang (16). sult) is attached tothe tabular ste shat (1) via a throvgh-yang (3), n tra, insulators (8) and (4) suspend yoke plate) for firs phase condoctor bun (60), Insulator (6) suspended {rom the erossren (2) via a teouhvang (18) an lator (is suspended from yoke plate (5). Insulators (6) and (7) sunpend yoke plate (8) for a scond phase conductor bundle (6), Insulator @®) is suspended from yoke plate (8), and Insulator (10) i tached to the tubular ste shaft (1) via a US 8,952,251 B2 5 ‘through: yang (14), Insulators (9) and (10) suspend yoke plate (11) fora thid phase conductor bundle (64), The insults, through-iangs and yoke plates in Circuit No, 2 (72) are ‘arranged similarly (0 the comesponding components in Ci- cuitNo. 1 (70).A structure of such a configuration may have ‘an approximate height of 100 fet in fat terrain conditions Foreomparison,a typical 445KV double-

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