Kha hc Luyn thi H-C mn Ting Anh Gio vin: Nguyn Ngc Anh

Conditional sentences and Inversion

CC QUI TC TRNG M C BN
PHNG PHP LM BI THI I HC
(TI LIU THAM KHO)
y l ti liu tham kho Cc qui tc trng m c bn v phng php lm bi thi i hc thuc kha hc Luyn
thi H-C mn Ting Anh c Nguyn Ngc Anh. c th nm vng ton b kin thc n thi Tt nghip v
i hc mn Ting Anh, Bn nn tham gia kha hc Luyn thi H-C mn Ting Anh c Nguyn Ngc Anh
ti Hocmai.vn

Th no l trng m t? Trng m t l lc pht m c nhn vo mt m tit nht nh trong mt t. Khi

ta c n m tit ny th lc pht m s mnh hn khi pht m cc m tit khc.
Trng m ch ri vo nhng m tit mnh tc l nhng m tit c cha nguyn m mnh, nguyn m i
hoc nguyn m di.
1. Trng m ri vo m tit th nht
- Hu ht cc danh t v tnh t c 2 m tit th trng m ri vo m tit th nht
V d:
Danh t: PREsent, Export, CHIna, Table
Tnh t: PREsent, SLENder, CLEver, HAPpy
- i vi ng t nu m tit th 2 cha nguyn m ngn v kt thc khng nhiu hn mt ph m th
trng m s ri vo m tit th nht.
V d: ENter, TRAvel, Open
- Cc ng t c m tit cui cha ow th trng m cng ri vo m tit u.
V d: FOllow, BOrrow
- Cc ng t c 3 m tit c m tit cui cha nguyn m di hoc nguyn m i hoc kt thc nhiu hn
mt ph m th m tit u nhn trng m.
V d: PAradise, EXercise
2. Trng m ri vo m tit th hai
- Hu ht ng t c 2 m tit th trng m ri vo m tit th 2
V d: to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN
- Nu m tit th 2 cha nguyn m di, nguyn m i hoc kt thc vi nhiu hn mt ph m th m tit
nhn trng m.
V d: proVIDE, proTEST, aGREE
- i vi ng t 3 m tit qui tc s nh sau: Nu m tit cui cha nguyn m ngn hoc kt thc khng
nhiu hn mt nguyn m th m tit th 2 s nhn trng m.
V d: deTERmine, reMEMber, enCOUNter
3. Trng m ri vo m tit th 2 tnh t di ln
Nhng t c tn cng bng ic, -sion, tion th trng m ri vo m tit th 2 tnh t di ln:
V d:
Nhng t c tn cng bng ic: GRAphic, geoGRAphic, geoLOgic
Nhng t c tn cng bng sion, tion: sugGEStion, reveLAtion
Ngoi l: TElevison c trng m ri vo m tit th nht
4. Trng m ri vo m tit th 3 t di ln
Cc t tn cng bng ce, -cy, -ty, -phy, -gy th trng m u ri vo m tit th 3 t di ln.
V d: deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy
Cc t tn cng bng ical cng c trng tm ri vo m tit th 3 tnh t di ln
V d: CRItical, geoLOgical
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Kha hc Luyn thi H-C mn Ting Anh Gio vin: Nguyn Ngc Anh

Conditional sentences and Inversion

5. T ghp (t c 2 phn)
i vi cc danh t ghp trng m ri vo phn u: BLACKbird, GREENhouse
i vi cc tnh t ghp trng m ri vo phn th 2: bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned
i vi cc ng t ghp trng m ri vo phn th 2: to overCOME, to overFLOW
Lu :
1. Cc ph t khng lm nh hng ti trng m ca cu: -able, -age, -al, -en, -ful, -ing, -ish, -less, -ment,
-ous.
2. Cc ph t bn thn n nhn trng m cu: -ain (entertain), -ee (refugee, trainee), -ese (Portugese,
Japanese), -ique (unique), -ette (cigarette, laundrette), -esque (picturesque), -eer (mountaineer), -ality
(personality), -oo (bamboo), -oon (balloon), mental (fundamental).
Ngoi l: COfee, comMITtee, ENgine
3. Trong cc t c hu t di y, trng m c t m tit ngay trc hu t: -ian (musican), -id
(stupid), -ible (possible), -ish (foolish), -ive (native), -ous (advantageous), -ial (proverbial, equatorial), -ic
(climatic), -ity (ability, tranquility).
Trc ht, chng ta chia cc t trong ting anh thnh hai loi: simple word v complex word. Simple word
l nhng t khng c prefix v suffix. Tc l t gc ca mt nhm t y. Cn complex word th ngc
li, l t nhnh
I. Simple Word
1. Two syllable words: t c hai m tit
y s la chn rt n gin hoc trng m s nm m tit u, hoc m tit cui.
1.1 Qui tc cho ng t v tnh t:
- Nu m tit th 2 c nguyn m di hay nguyn m i hoc n tn cng bng hn mt ph m th nhn
vo m tit th 2:
V d:
apply (cung ng) c nguyn m i.
arrive (n) nguyn m i
attract (hp dn) kt thc nhiu hn mt ph m
assist (h tr) kt thc nhiu hn mt ph m
- Nu m tit c nguyn m ngn v c mt hoc khng c ph m cui th chng ta nhn vo m tit th 1.
V d
enter (i vo) khng c ph m cui v nguyn m cui l nguyn m ngn
envy ( k) khng c ph m cui v nguyn m cui l nguyn m ngn
Lu : rt nhiu ng t v tnh t c hai m tit khng theo qui tc.
V d: honest/perfect (chn thnh, hon ho)
1.2 Qui tc cho danh t
- Nu m tit th 2 c nguyn m ngn th nhn vo m tit u
V d: money/ product/ larynx (tin, sn phm, thanh qun)
- Nu m tit th 2 khng c nguyn m ngn th nhn vo m tit th 2
V d: balloon/ design/ estate (qu bng, mu thit k, bt ng sn)
2. Three-syllable words: Nhng t c 3 m tit
2.1 Qui tc i vi ng t v tnh t:
- Nu m tit cui l nguyn m di, nguyn m i hoc tn cng bng hn mt ph m th chng ta nhn
vo m tit cui:
V d: entertain/ resurect (gii tr, cu sng)
- Nu m tit cui l nguyn m ngn th nhn vo m tit gia, nu m tit gia cng l nguyn m ngn
th chng ta nhn vo m tit th 1

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Kha hc Luyn thi H-C mn Ting Anh Gio vin: Nguyn Ngc Anh

Conditional sentences and Inversion

Nh vy i vi t c 3 m tit, chng ta s ch nhn vo m tit no l nguyn m di hoc nguyn m

i, xt t m tit cui ln u
2.2 Qui tc i vi danh t: Chng ta phi xt m tit cui tr v trc
- Nu m th 3 l nguyn m ngn th m KHNG c nhn
- Nu m th 3 l nguyn m ngn v m th 2 l nguyn m di hay nguyn m i th nhn vo m tit
th 2.
V d: potato/ disaster (khoai ty, thin tai)
- Nu m tit th 3 l nguyn m di hoc nguyn m i, hoc kt thc bng nhiu hn mt ph m th
chng ta nhn vo m tit th 1.
V d: quantity (s lng)
l i vi simple words, cn i vi complex words th kh khn hn v hu ht chng ta u phi
nh my mc.
II. Complex words c chia thnh 2 loi:
- T tip ng (l nhng t c to thnh t t gc thm tip u ng hay tip v ng)
- T ghp (l nhng t do hai hay nhiu t ghp li thnh)
1. Tip v ng (suffixes)
- Trng m nm phn tip v ng: i vi cc t gc mang cc v ng sau y, th trng m nm chnh
phn v ng :
entertain (gii tr), ascertain (xc nh)
ain
ee

employee (nhn vin), refugee (ngi t nn)

eer

volunteer (tnh nguyn vin), mountainneer (ngi min ni)

ese

Jouralese (vn phng), Portugese (ngi B o Nha)

ette

cigarette (thuc l), launderette (tim git i)

esque picturesque (m l), unique (duy nht)

- Tip v ng khng c nh hng v tr trng m: Nhng tip v ng sau y, khi nm trong t gc th
khng nh hng ti v tr trng m ca t gc , c ngha l trc khi c tip v ng, trng m nm
u, th by gi n vn y:
comfortable (thoi mi), reliable (ng tin cy)
able
anchorage (ni neo u)
age
re'fusal (t chi), natural (t nhin)
al
widen (lm rng ra)
en
beautiful (p)
ful
a'mazing (ngc nhin)
ing
birdlike (nh chim)
like
powerless (bt lc)
less
lovely (d thng), hurriedly (vi vng)
ly
punishment (s trng pht)
ment
happiness (nim hnh phc)
ness
dangeruous (nguy him)
ous
glorify (tn vinh)
fy
otherwise (mt khc)
wise
y (tnh t hay danh t) funny (nim vui)
ish (tnh t)
childish (tr con), foolish (di dt)
Ring i vi ng t c t gc hn mt m tit th chng ta nhn vo m tit ngay trc tip v ng:
demolish, replenish.
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Kha hc Luyn thi H-C mn Ting Anh Gio vin: Nguyn Ngc Anh

Conditional sentences and Inversion

- Cn mt s tip v ng l ance, ant, ary th trng m ca t lun t gc, nhng khng c cch xc nh
r l m tit no, n tu thuc vo cc nguyn m ca t gc , cn c vo qui tc dnh cho simple words
ri xc nh l c
- i vi tip u ng (prefixes) th chng ta khng c qui tc c th, do tc dng ca n i vi m gc
khng ng u, c lp v khng tin on c. Do vy, cc bn phi hc my mc thi, khng c cch
no khc!
2. T ghp
- i vi t ghp gm hai loi danh t th nhn vo m tit u
V d: typewriter, suitcase, teacup, sunrise (my nh ch, hnh l, tch tr, bnh minh)
- i vi t ghp c tnh t u, cn cui kt thc bng ed, nhn vo m tit u ca t cui
V d: bad-tempered (nng tnh)
- i vi t ghp c ting u l con s th nhn vo ting sau:
V d: three-wheeler (xe ba gc)
- T ghp ng vai tr l trng ng th nhn vn sau
V d: down-stream (h lu)
- T ghp ng vai tr l ng t nhng ting u l trng ng th ta nhn m sau
V d: down-grade, ill-treat (h b, ngc i)
- Danh t kp: nhn yu t th nht ca danh t
+ Noun Noun
V d: Classroom, teapot (lp hc, m tr)
+ Noun + Noun
V d: apple tree, fountain pen (cy to, bt bi)
+ Gerund (V_ing) + Noun
V d: writing paper, swimming pool (giy vit, h bi)
- a s nhng t hai m tit c trng m m tit u, nht l khi tn cng bng er, or, y, ow, ance, ent,
en, on.
V d: ciment, event (xi mng, s kin)
- a s nhng t c 3 m tit c trng m m tit u, nht l khi tn cng l ary, erty, ity, oyr
- a s nhng ng t c 2 m tit, trng m nm m tit th 2.
V d: repeat (nhc li)
- Trng m trc nhng vn sau y: -cial, -tial, -cion, -sion, -tion, -ience, -ient, -cian, -tious, -cious, xious
V d: special, dicussion, nation, politician (c bit, cuc tho lun, quc gia, chnh tr gia)
- Trng m trc nhng vn sau: -ic, -ical, -ian, -ior, -iour, -ity, -ory, -uty, -eous, -ious, -ular, -ive
V d: regular, expensive, injury (thng xuyn, t , vt thng)
- Danh t ch cc mn hc c trng m cch m tit cui 1 m tit
V d: geology, biology (a l, sinh hc)
- T c tn cng bng -ate, -ite, -ude, -ute c trng m cch m tit cui 1 m tit
V d: institute (vin)
- a s danh t ghp c trng m ri vo m tit u
V d: raincoat (o ma)
- Tnh t ghp trng m ri vo m tit u
V d: homesick (nh nh)
- Trng t ghp c trng m ri vo m tit th 2
V d: downstream (h lu)
- Tnh t ghp c t u tin l tnh t hoc trng t th trng m ri vo t th 2, tn cng bng ed.
V d: well-dressed (mc p)
- Qui tc c bn:
+ Nhng t thuc v ni dung c nh trng m
+ Nhng t thuc v cu trc khng nh trng m
+ Khong thi gian cho nhng t c nh trng m l bng nhau

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Kha hc Luyn thi H-C mn Ting Anh Gio vin: Nguyn Ngc Anh

Conditional sentences and Inversion

- Trng m c coi nh nhc iu ca ting Anh. Ging nh trng m trong t, trng m trong cu c th
gip bn hiu c ngi khc ni g d hn rt nhiu, c bit l nhng ngi ni nhanh.
- Hu ht cc t trong cu c chia lm hai loi:
+ T thuc v ni dung: l nhng t cha kho ca mt cu. Chng l nhng t quan trng cha ng
ngha ca cu.
+ T thuc v mt cu trc: nhng t khng quan trng lm, ch cho cc cu ng v mt ng php.
Ngha l nu bn b qua cc t ny khi ni, mi ngi vn hiu c ca bn.
- T thuc v mt ni dung: c nh trng m gm c:
+ ng t chnh
V d: sell/give/employ (bn, a, thu mn)
+ Danh t:
V d: car/music (xe hi, m nhc)
+ Tnh t:
V d: red/big/interesting (, to, thch th)
+ Trng t:
V d: quickly/loudly/never (nhanh, ln ting, khng bao gi)
+ Tr ng t (tnh cht ph nh): CANT, DONT
- T thuc v mt cu trc: khng nh trng m, gm c:
+ i t: he, we, they
+ Gii t: in, at, into
+ Mo t: a, an, the
+ Lin t: and, but, because
+ Tr ng t: do, be, have, can, must
- Ch :
+ i khi chng ta nh trng m vo nhng t m ch c ngha v mt cu trc, v d nh khi chng ta
mun nhn mnh thng tin. V d:
Theyve been to Mongolia, havent they
(H n Mongolia, c phi khng?)
No, THEY havent, but WE have.
(Khng, H khng n nhng CHNG TI th n ri)
+ Khi TO BE l ng t chnh, n khng c nh trng m.
Gio vin: Nguyn Ngc Anh
Ngun:

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