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Phin bn 1.0
TI LIU O TO
QUAY PHIM
Phin bn: 1.0
TC GI: V Vit Ho
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1/17
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MC LC
I.Cc loi cnh quay c bn (Basic Shot Types)
1.Quay ton cnh
1.1.Quay cnh cc rng Extreme Long Shot (XLS/ELS)
1.2.Quay ton cnh rng Vere Long Shot (VLS)
1.3.Quay ton cnh Long Shot/ Wide Shot (LS/WS)
2.Quay trung cnh
2.1.Quay trung cnh rng Medium Long Shot (MLS)
2.2.Quay trung cnh hp Medium Close-up Shot (MCU)
2.3.Quay trung cnh Medium Shot
3.Cn cnh
3.1.Cn cnh Close-up (CU)
3.2.Cn cnh hp Big Close-up (BCU)
3.3.Cn cnh c t Extreme Close-up (XCU/ECU)
II.Cc loi chuyn ng trong quay phim
1.Chuyn ng ca my quay(Camera Movement)
2.Chuyn ng ca ng knh(Lens Movement)
3.Chuyn ng ca cc dng c h tr cho my quay(Support Movement)
III.X l nh sng trong quay phim
1.nh sng t nhin
2.nh sng nhn to
IV.B cc khung hnh khi quay phim
1.Khi nim b cc
2.Cc quy tc b cc c bn
2.1.Quy tc ng chn tri
2.2.Quy tc 1/3
2.3.Quy tc hng nhn
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3/17
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Quay cnh cc rng - mt s ti liu dch ra ting vit thng vit l quay i cnh, quay
vin cnh cn c gi l quay cnh rt rng (very wide shot) hoc quay cnh gc rt
rng (very wide angle shot).
Cnh quay cc rng thng c s dng khi quay ngoi tri, miu t quang cnh, khng
gian ln nh: khu th, vng ngoi , vng nng thn, vng ni, Khi quay loi cnh
ny, my quay thng phi t mt ni rt cao hoc t trn my bay chuyn dng.
Con ngi xut hin trong cnh quay cc rng thng khng r rng v ch mang tnh cht
tham d vo nh mt phn ca n m khng th bit r l ai, thm ch l khng c hnh
nh con ngi.
1.2.Quay ton cnh rng Very Long Shot (VLS)
V d v quay ton cnh rng:
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Phin bn 1.0
y l mt cnh thng c s dng nhiu khi quay phim. Trong cnh quay s cho ta bit
nhn vt ang u, khi no. Con ngi xut hin nhng ch chim t l rt nh trong
khung hnh. Nu c chuyn ng th s cho ta bit chuyn ng chung chung ca con ngi
nh: ang chy, ang v, ang i, ang ngi,
Ton cnh rng thng c s dng khi quay trong studio hoc cc s kin trong din ra
phng hp, sn khu, hi trng (location building)
1.3.Quay ton cnh Wide Shot/Long Shot (WS/LS)
V d v quay ton cnh:
Trong mt cnh quay ton, con ngi thng xut hin vi y t u n chn. u st
vi mp trn ca khung hnh cn chn st vi mp di ca khung hnh.
Cnh quay ton s cho ngi xem bit nhn vt ang u, khi no, vi ai, ni ln trang
phc, gii tnh ca nhn vt. Cho ngi xem cm nhn v khung cnh v mi quan h gia
khung cnh vi (cc) nhn vt trong .
2.Quay trung cnh
2.1.Quay trung cnh rng Medium Long Shot (MLS)
V d v quay trung cnh rng:
Cnh quay trung rng thng ct nhn vt pha trn u gi trong khung hnh. Trong cnh
quay ny s cho ngi xem bit nhiu hn v khng gian, bi cnh, vt mi quan h i
vi nhn vt hn l bit v hot ng, biu cm ca nhn vt.
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5/17
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Trung cnh rng cho ngi xem bit v v nhn vt l ai hn l h trong khng gian v
thi gian no.
2.1.Quay trung cnh Medium Shot (MS)
V d v quay trung cnh:
Cnh quay trung cnh hay cn gi l cnh quay na ngi (Waist shot), v khung hnh
thng ct nhn vt t tht lng (eo) tr ln.
Trong cnh quay ny, con ngi chim t l ln v l phn chnh ca khung hnh, hnh ng
ca nhn vt l r rng.
Ngi xem s thy r nhn vt c khun mt nh th no, n mc ra sao v ang lm g,
u(ni cnh hay bn ngoi) v khi no(ngy hay m)?V mt phn tnh cch, thi , biu
cm ca nhn vt qua hnh ng ca h.
2.3.Quay trung cnh hp Medium Close-up Shot (MLS)
V d v quay cnh trung hp:
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3.Cn cnh
3.1.Cn cnh Close-up (CU)
V d v cn cnh:
Cn cnh cn c gi l Cnh quay u (head shot) v trong khung hnh xut hin phn
ch yu ca khun mt. Pha trn khung hnh ct phn nh ca tc ca nhn vt, pha
di khung hnh th c th ct bt c u nhng phi di cm (c th ly mt phn c
hoc mt t vai).
cn cnh, ngi xem s c mt ci nhn y v khun mt ca nhn vt, n cng ch ra
mt cch ch tit v mt, tc (mu, kiu), Cn cnh s mang n mt cch y v biu
cm ca nhn vt thng qua mt, ming, v hot ng ca cc c mt khi nhn vt ni,
nghe hoc th hin bt c mt thi no.
Cn cnh cho ngi xem bit r nhn vt l ai nhng bit rt t thng tin v khng gian v
thi gian.
3.2.Cn cnh hp Big Close-up (BCU)
V d v cn cnh hp:
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7/17
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y l mt cnh dng nhn mnh mt chi tit no trn c th ngi nh mt, ming,
tay, hoc mt chi tit no ca cc vt nh: ngi bt mc, 1 phm ch A trn bn
phm my tnh, logo trn mt sn phm ng gi,
Cn cnh c t thng xut hin trc hoc sau nhng cnh quay rng hn (ton cnh,
trung cnh) v mt s vt, con ngi no .
Cn cnh c t thng c s dng trong cc phim ti liu v khoa hc, khoa hc nghin
cu v sinh vt hc, cc clip ca nhc v phim ngh thut hoc mt phim h cu.
II.Cc loi chuyn ng trong quay phim
S khc nhau gia in nh so vi cc loi hnh khc chnh l s chuyn ng. C th phn
loi s chuyn ng ny thnh chuyn ng ca nhn vt v chuyn ng ca my quay.
Sp xp v ch o chuyn ng ca nhn vt l cng vic ca ngi o din, i vi
ngi quay phim cn nm c cc loi chuyn ng c th to c bi my quay.
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8/17
Phin bn 1.0
1.2.Lia my nagng(Pan)
Lia my ngang (Pan) thng c s dng vi mc ch miu t khng gian rng ln
(trong quay phim phong cnh) hoc i theo mt vt th ang chuyn ng theo
phng ngang(trong quay phim th thao).
2. Chuyn ng ca ng knh(Lens Movement)
2.1.Zoom
Zoom my ch thc hin c i vi nhng my quay c ng knh thay i tiu c. Cch
thc hin n l xoay vng zoom (zoom ring) ln trn hoc xung di thay i tiu c
ca ng knh. Zoom thng c s dng nhn mnh (focus) mt vt th, mt chi tit
trong mt bi cnh.
2.2.Thay i khong nt (Depth of Field)
Thay i khong nt trong quay phim cng l mt chuyn ng. Khi thay i vng ly nt
(focus ring) im nhn v nhn vt trong phim cng thay i, do s mang li thng tin
mi cho ngi xem.
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9/17
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Thay i DOF cng dng nhn mnh, tp trung s ch ca ngi xem vo mt chi tit
no .
3. Travelling
Travelling l chuyn ng c to bi cc dng c h tr nh Dolly, Boom. y l loi
chuyn ng mang li nhiu hiu qu nht v kh nht i vi ngi quay phim. Do khong
cch gia my quay v nhn vt l thay i trong khi quay, nn vic m bo nt v b
cc khung hnh l rt quan trng.
Di y l hnh nh minh ha cho chuyn ng travelling m my quay c t trn
Dolly:
Trong quay phim, thng ta ch s dng n thun mt trong cc chuyn ng trn, nhng
cng c trng hp ngi quay phim phi kt hp 2 thm ch l c 3 loi chuyn ng trn
vo mt cnh quay t c hiu qu m ngi o din yu cu. Di y l mt v d
v mt cnh quay kt hp ca c 3 loi chuyn ng trn:
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10/17
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11/17
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12/17
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Trnh (hoc khng bao gi) t ng chn tri gia khun hnh.
2.2.Quy tc 1/3
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13/17
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Quy tc 1/3 c gii thch n gin nh sau: Ta chia khun hnh thnh ba phn chiu
ngang v dc theo cc ng tung tng nh hnh sau:
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15/17
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16/17
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Sau khi qu trnh kt thc, hy kim tra hnh nh my quay thu c xem ng mu cha
bng cch m mn hnh LCD hoc xem hnh nh trn Monitor (nu my quay kt ni) v so
snh hnh nh thu c vi hnh nh thc t. Nu mu cha ng th thc hin li cn bng
trng.
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17/17