Soalan assignment

1. A 12-m thick layer of relatively imperviously saturated clay lies over a gravel acquifer. Piezometers
into the gravel show an artesian pressure condition with a piezometric surface 3 m above the
surface of the clay. Clay properties given are e = 1.2, Gs = 2.7. (Hint: firstly, find the saturated unit
weight of the clay layer.
a. Determine the effective stress at the top of the gravel.
b. How deep an excavation can be made in the clay layer without danger of bottom heave?