INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

HISTORY OF
CHEMISTRY

MEANING OF
CHEMISTRY

IMPORTANCE OF
CHEMISTRY

THE
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD

METHODOLOGY
IN CHEMISTRY

SCIENTIFIC
ATTITUDES
&
VALUES

What is the meaning of

CHEMISTRY ?

CHEMISTRY :
The science that studies
the
properties,
composition and structure
of
chemical substances and
interactions of matter.

Originated from an Arabic word Al-kimiya

which means the art of changing.

THE USES OF CHEMICALS

1.
2.
3.
4.

Table salt (Sodium chloride), NaCl

Vinegar (Ethanoic acid), CH3COOH
Marble tiles (Calcium carbonate),
CaCO3
Oxygen, O2

6.

Sodium nitrite, NaNO2

Carbon dioxide, CO2

7.

Iron (II) sulphate, FeSO4

5.

IMPORTANCE OF
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY
FIELDS
(i) Food processing
(ii) Medicine
(iii) Agriculture
(iv) Transportation
(v) Telecommunicatio
ns
(vi) Daily usage

CHEMISTRY
CAREERS
(i) Medicine
(ii) Dentistry
(iii) Chemistry
(iv) Pharmacy
(v) Education
(vi) Engineering

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Making observation
Making inference
Identifying problem
Making hypothesis
Identifying variables
Controlling variables
Planning an experiment
Collecting data
Interpreting data
Making conclusion
Writing a report

QUICK TEST

Making observation

Gathering information about a

phenomenon using our five senses : sight,
hearing, smell, taste, touch.

Making inference

Making a smart guess or a tentative

explanation about the phenomenon based
on the observation.

Identifying problem

Asking questions based on the inference

made.

Making hypothesis

Making a general statement about the

relationship between a manipulated
variable and a responding variable in
order to explain the question asked.

Identifying variables

Identifying the manipulated, responding

and constant variables of an experiment
to test the hypothesis made.

Controlling variables

Deciding how to manipulate the chosen

variable.

Planning an experiment

Determining what materials and apparatus

to use, the exact procedure of the
experiment, the method of collecting data
and ways to analyse and interpret the
collected data.

Collecting data

Making observations or measurement and

then recording the data systematically.

Interpreting data

Organising and analysing data.

Calculations, graphs or charts may be
drawn to look for any relationship
between the variables.

Making conclusion

Making a statement about the outcome

of the experiment and whether the
hypothesis is accepted or rejected.

Writing a report

Communicating the details of the

experiment to spread and find a benefit
to the findings.