TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6306-1:2006
IEC 60076-1 : 2000
MY BIN P IN LC - PHN 1: QUI NH CHUNG
Power transformers Part 1: General
MC LC
Li ni u ......................................................................................................................................
Li gii thiu ...................................................................................................................................
1. Phm vi p dng .........................................................................................................................
2. Ti liu vin dn ..........................................................................................................................
3. nh ngha ...................................................................................................................................
4. Thng s c trng .....................................................................................................................
5. Yu cu i vi my bin p c cun dy iu chnh .................................................................
6. K hiu th hin cch u ni v s lch pha i vi my bin p ba pha .................................
7. Tm thng s c trng ..............................................................................................................
8. Cc yu cu khc .......................................................................................................................
9. Dung sai ......................................................................................................................................
10. Th nghim ...............................................................................................................................
11. Tng thch in t ..................................................................................................................
Ph lc A (qui nh) Thng tin cn thit trong bn yu cu v n t hng ...............................
Ph lc B (tham kho) Cc v d v qui nh k thut i vi cc my bin p c nc iu chnh
Ph lc C (tham kho) Qui nh k thut ca tr khng ngn mch bng cc ng gii hn ...
Ph lc D (tham kho) Cc t ni dy my bin p ba pha .........................................................
Ph lc E (qui nh) Hiu chun nhit theo tn tht c ti .......................................................
Ph lc F (tham kho) Ti liu tham kho ....................................................................................
Li ni u
TCVN 6306-1 : 2006 thay th TCVN 6306-1 : 1997 (IEC 76-1: 1993);
TCVN 6306-1 : 2006 hon ton tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60076-1:2000 (IEC 600761:1993 with amendment 1:1999);
TCVN 6306-1: 2006 do Ban k thut tiu chun TCVN/TC/E1 My in v kh c in bin son,
Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh.
Li gii thiu
B tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 6306 (IEC 60076) c cc phn di y.
TCVN 6306-1 (IEC 60076-1), My bin p in lc Phn 1: Qui nh chung

TCVN 6306-2 (IEC 60076-2), My bin p in lc Phn 2: tng nhit

TCVN 6306-3 (IEC 60076-3), My bin p in lc Phn 3: Mc cch in, th nghim in
mi v khong cch ly bn ngoi trong khng kh
TCVN 6306-5 (IEC 60076-5), My bin p in lc Phn 5: Kh nng chu ngn mch
IEC 60076-4, Power transformers Part 4: Guide to the lightning impulse and switching impulse
testing Power transformers and reactors (My bin p in lc Phn 4: Hng dn th
nghim xung st v xung thao tc My bin p in lc v cun khng)
IEC 60076-6, Power transformers Reactors (My bin p in lc Cun khng) 1
IEC 60076-7, Power transformers Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers (My
bin p in lc Hng dn mang ti i vi my bin p ngm trong du)
IEC 60076-8, Power transformers Application guide (My bin p in lc Hng dn p
dng)
IEC 60076-10, Power transformers Determination of sound levels (My bin p in lc Xc
nh mc n)
IEC 60076-10-1, Power transformers Determination of sound levels Application guide (My
bin p in lc Xc nh mc n Hng dn p dng)
IEC 60076-11, Power transformers Dry-type transformers (My bin p in lc My bin p
loi kh)
IEC 60076-12, Power transformers Loading guide for dry-type transformers (My bin p in
lc Hng dn mang ti i vi my bin p loi kh)1
IEC 60076-13, Power transformers Self-protected liquid-filled transformers (My bin p in
lc My bin p y cht lng t bo v)
IEC 60076-14, Power transformers Design and application of liquid-immersed power
transformers using high-temperature insulation materials (My bin p in lc Thit k v p
dng my bin p in lc ngm trong cht lng s dng vt liu cch in nhit cao)
IEC 60076-15, Power transformers Gas-filled-type power transformers (My bin p in lc
my bin p in lc loi y kh)1
MY BIN P IN LC PHN 1: QUI NH CHUNG
Power transformers
Part 1: General
1. Phm vi p dng v iu kin lm vic
1.1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny p dng cho my bin p in lc ba pha v mt pha (k c my bin p t
ngu) tr mt s my bin p nh v my bin p c bit nh:
- my bin p mt pha c cng sut danh nh nh hn 1 kVA v my bin p ba pha c cng
sut danh nh nh hn 5kVA;
- my bin p o lng;
- my bin p dng cho cc b bin i tnh;
- my bin p ca cc phng tin ko c lp trn u ko;
1

ang xem xt

- my bin p khi ng;

- my bin p th nghim;
- my bin p hn.
Khi khng c tiu chun ring cho cc chng loi bin p nu trn th c th p dng ton b
hoc tng phn tiu chun ny.
i vi cc chng loi my bin p in lc v cun khng c tiu chun ring th tiu chun
ny ch p dng trong phm vi nht nh c vin dn trong cc tiu chun ring . *
Ti mt s ch trong tiu chun ny c qui nh hoc khuyn co rng phi t c tha
thun v gii php hoc qui trnh b sung. Vic tha thun nh vy cn c thit lp gia nh
ch to v ngi mua. Tt nht l nn a ra sm v c ghi trong yu cu k thut ca hp
ng.
1.2. iu kin lm vic
1.2.1. iu kin lm vic bnh thng
Tiu chun ny nu cc yu cu chi tit i vi my bin p dng trong cc iu kin sau y:
a) cao
cao so vi mc nc bin khng qu 1 000 m (3 300 ft)
b) Nhit khng kh xung quanh v nhit mi cht lm mt
Nhit khng kh xung quanh khng thp hn -25 oC v khng cao hn +40oC. i vi my
bin p c lm mt bng nc th nhit u vo ca nc khng vt qu +25 oC.
Cc hn ch khc, lin quan n lm mt c cp i vi:
- my bin p ngm trong du, theo TCVN 6306-2 (IEC 60076-2);
- my bin p kh, theo IEC 60076-11.
c) Dng sng ca in p ngun cung cp
in p ca ngun cung cp c dng sng gn hnh sin.
CH THCH: Yu cu ny thng khng i hi kht khe trong cc li cung cp chung nhng
c th phi xem xt n khi h thng lp t c ph ti chnh lu ln. Trong cc trng hp ny,
qui tc thng thng l mo dng sng khng c vt qu 5% v cc sng hi bc chn
khng vt qu 1% tng cc thnh phn hi. Cng phi ch n tm quan trng ca cc hi
dng in i vi cc tn tht c ti v tng nhit.
d) S i xng ca in p ngun cung cp
i vi my bin p ba pha, cc in p ngun cung cp ba pha l gn i xng.
e) Mi trng lp t
Mi trng c mc nhim (xem IEC 60137 v IEC 60815) khng i hi phi c lu c bit
i vi cch in bn ngoi ca s xuyn my bin p hoc ca chnh my bin p.
Mi trng m yu cu khi thit k phi tnh n ri ro ng t. (Gi thit rng trng hp khi
mc gia tc mt t thp hn 2 m/s2.)*
1.2.2. Cc qui nh i vi iu kin lm vic khng bnh thng

Cc tiu chun nh vy c i vi my bin p loi kh (IEC 60076-11), dng cho cun

khng ni chung (IEC 60289), cho my bin p v cun khng ca cc phng tin ko (IEC
60310), v ang c son tho cho my bin p dng cho cc b bin i tnh.
*

Xem IEC 60068-3-3.

Mi iu kin lm vic khng bnh thng cn lu c bit trong thit k my bin p phi
c nu trong bn yu cu v n t hng. Cc iu kin c th l cc yu t nh cao
so vi mc nc bin, nhit qu cao hoc qu thp, m nhit i, hot ng ng t v
nhim bn nghim trng, dng sng in p hoc dng sng dng in ti khng bnh thng
v ti gin on. Cng c th l cc iu kin vn chuyn, lu kho v lp t, v d, khi lng
hoc gii hn v khng gian (xem ph lc A).
Cc qui tc b sung i vi thng s c trng v th nghim c nu trong cc tiu chun
khc i vi:
- tng nhit v lm mt nhit mi trng cao hoc cao so vi mc nc bin ln:
TCVN 6306-2 (IEC 60076-2) i vi my bin p loi ngm trong du, v IEC 60076-11 i vi
my bin p kh.
- Cch in bn ngoi cao so vi mc nc bin ln: TCVN 6306-3 (IEC 60076-3) i vi
my bin p loi ngm trong du v IEC 60076-11 i vi my bin p loi kh.
2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau y rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun. i vi cc ti liu vin
dn ghi nm ban hnh th p dng phin bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi
nm ban hnh th p dng phin bn mi nht. Tuy nhin, cc bn c tha thun da trn tiu
chun ny cn nghin cu kh nng p dng phin bn mi nht ca cc ti liu lit k di y.
TCVN 6306-2:2006 (IEC 60076-2:1993), My bin p in lc Phn 2: tng nhit
TCVN 6306-3:2006 (IEC 60076-3:2000), My bin p in lc Phn 3: Mc cch in v th
nghim in mi
TCVN 6306-5:2006 (IEC 60076-5:2006), My bin p in lc Phn 5: kh nng chu ngn
mch
TCVN ISO 9001, H thng qun l cht lng Cc yu cu
IEC 60050(421):1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 421: Power
transformers and reactors (T vng k thut in quc t Chng 421: My bin p in lc
v cun khng)
IEC 60068-3-3:1991, Environmental testing Part 3: Guidance. Seismic test methods of
equipments (Th nghim mi trng Phn 3: Hng dn. Cc phng php th nghim ng
t i vi thit b)
IEC 60137:1984, Bushings for alternating voltages above 1 000 V (S xuyn dng cho in p
xoay chiu trn 1 000 V)
IEC 60076-7, Power transformers Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers (My
bin p in lc Hng dn mang ti i vi my bin p ngm trong du)
IEC 60529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (Cp bo v bng v
ngoi (M IP))
IEC 60076-10, Power transformers Determination of sound levels (My bin p in lc Xc
nh mc n)
IEC 60076-8, Power transformers Application guide (My bin p in lc Hng dn p
dng)
IEC 60076-11, Power transformers Dry-type transformers (My bin p in lc My bin p
loi kh)
IEC 60815:1986, Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions (Hng
dn chn cch in ph hp vi iu kin nhim)
IEC 60905:1987, Loading guide for dry-type power transformers (Hng dn ph ti dng cho
my bin p in lc loi kh)

ISO 3:1973, Preferred numbers Series of preferred numbers (S u tin Dy s u tin)

3. nh ngha
Tiu chun ny p dng cc nh ngha sau y. Cc thut ng khc xem trong T vng k thut
in quc t (IEV).
3.1. nh ngha chung
3.1.1. My bin p in lc (power transformer)
My in tnh c hai hoc nhiu cun dy m nh cm ng t, bin i h thng in p v
dng in xoay chiu thnh h thng in p v dng in xoay chiu thng l khc v gi tr
nhng c cng tn s truyn ti in nng [IEV 421-01-01, c sa i]
3.1.2. My bin p t ngu* (auto-transformer)
My bin p trong t nht hai cun dy c mt phn chung [IEV 421-01-11]
3.1.3. My bin p kch p (booster transformer)
My bin p trong c mt cun dy c thit k mc ni tip vi mch in nhm sa i
in p v/hoc sa i gc pha ca n. Cun dy cn li l cun dy kch [IEV 421-01-12, c
sa i]
3.1.4. My bin p loi ngm trong du (oil-immersed type transformer)
My bin p m mch t v cc cun dy c ngm trong du [IEV 421-01-14]
CH THCH: Trong tiu chun ny, mi cht lng cch in, du khong hoc cc sn phm
khc, u c coi l du.
3.1.5. My bin p loi kh (dry-type transformer)
My bin p m mch t v cun dy khng c ngm trong cht lng cch in [IEV 421-0116]
3.1.6. H thng bo ton du (oil preservation system)
H thng trong mt my bin p loi ngm trong du m nh n dung np s gin n nhit ca
du. S tip xc gia du v khng kh bn ngoi i khi c th c gim bt hoc c ngn
chn
3.2. Cc u ni v im trung tnh
3.2.1. u ni (terminal)
Phn t dn in dng ni cun dy vi cc dy dn bn ngoi
3.2.2. u ni pha (line terminal)
u ni c thit k ni vi dy dn thuc ng dy ca li [IEV 421-02-01]
3.2.3. u ni trung tnh (neutral terminal)
a) i vi my bin p ba pha v t hp ba pha t cc my bin p mt pha:
u ni hoc cc u ni c ni n im chung (im trung tnh) ca cun dy ni sao hoc
ni ziczac.
b) i vi my bin p mt pha
u ni dng ni vi im trung tnh ca li [IEV 421-02-02, c sa i]
3.2.4. im trung tnh (neutral point)

Khi mun ni rng mt my bin p khng phi t ngu, thng dng cc thut ng nh my
bin p c cun dy ring bit hoc my bin p c cun dy kp (xem IEV 421-01-13)

im ca h thng cc in p i xng, thng c in th bng khng

3.2.5. u ni tng ng (corresponding terminals)
u ni ca cc cun dy khc nhau ca my bin p, c nh du bng cng mt ch ci
hoc k hiu tng ng [IEV 421-02-03]
3.3. Cun dy
3.3.1. Cun dy (winding)
Tp hp cc vng dy to thnh mch in ni vo mt trong cc in p n nh cho my bin
p
CH THCH: i vi my bin p ba pha, cun dy l tp hp ca cc cun dy pha (xem
3.3.3). [IEV 421-03-01, c sa i]
3.3.2. Cun dy c nc iu chnh (tapped winding)
Cun dy m s vng dy hiu qu c th thay i theo nc
3.3.3. Cun dy pha (phase winding)
Tp hp ca cc vng dy to thnh mt pha ca cun dy ba pha
CH THCH: Thut ng cun dy pha khng c s dng gi l tp hp ca cc cun dy
trn mt tr c th. [IEV 421-03-02, c sa i].
3.3.4. Cun dy in p cao* (high-voltage winding)
Cun dy c in p danh nh cao nht [IEV 421-03-03]
3.3.5. Cun dy in p thp* (low-voltage winding)
Cun dy c in p danh nh thp nht [IEV 421-03-04]
CH THCH: i vi my bin p kch p, cun dy c in p danh nh thp hn c th l
cun dy c mc cch in cao hn.
3.3.6. Cun dy in p trung gian* (intermediate-voltage winding)
Cun dy ca my bin p nhiu cun dy, c in p danh nh trung gian gia in p danh
nh ca cun dy cao nht v thp nht [IEV 421-03-05]
3.3.7. Cun dy ph (auxiliary winding)
Cun dy ch dng cho ph ti nh so vi cng sut danh nh ca my bin p [IEV 421-03-08]
3.3.8. Cun dy n nh (stabilizing winding)
Cun dy b sung ni tam gic dng cho my bin p ni sao-sao hoc ni sao-ziczac lm
gim tr khng th t khng, xem 3.7.3 [IEV 421-03-09, c sa i]
CH THCH: Mt cun dy c gi l cun dy n nh ch khi cun dy khng dng ni
ba pha vi mch ngoi.
3.3.9. Cun dy chung (common winding)
Phn chung ca cc cun dy ca my bin p t ngu [IEV 421-03-10]
3.3.10. Cun dy ni tip (series winding)
*

Cun dy nhn cng sut tc dng t ngun cung cp khi lm vic c gi l cun s cp,
v cun dy cung cp cng sut tc dng cho ph ti c gi l cun th cp. Cc thut ng
ny khng c ngha i vi cc cun dy c in p danh nh cao hn v khng c s
dng tr khi dng vi ngha hng chy ca cng sut tc dng (xem IEV 421-03-06 v 07].
Cun dy khc trong my bin p, thng c gi tr thp hn cng sut danh nh ca cun dy
th cp, thng c gi l cun dy th ba, xem thm nh ngha 3.3.8.

Phn ca cun dy ca my bin p t ngu hoc cun dy ca my bin p kch p c dng

mc ni tip vi mch in [IEV 421-03-11]
3.3.11. Cun dy kch (energizing winding)
Cun dy ca my bin p kch p dng cung cp in cho cun dy ni tip [IEV 421-03-12]
3.4. Thng s c trng
3.4.1. Thng s c trng (rating)
Cc gi tr bng s ngn cho cc i lng, xc nh s vn hnh ca my bin p trong cc
iu kin qui nh tiu chun ny v cc i lng ny c dng lm c s cho vic bo m
ca nh ch to v cho cc th nghim.
3.4.2. i lng danh nh (rated quantities)
Cc i lng (in p, dng in, v.v) m cc gi tr bng s ca chng xc nh thng s c
trng
CH THCH 1: i vi my bin p c nc iu chnh, nu khng c qui nh khc th i lng
danh nh lin quan n nc iu chnh chnh (xem 3.5.2). Cc i lng tng ng vi ngha
tng t, lin quan n cc nc c th khc u c gi l cc i lng nc iu chnh (xem
3.5.10).
CH THCH 2: Cc in p v dng in lun c biu th bng gi tr hiu dng ca chng,
nu khng c qui nh khc.
3.4.3. in p danh nh ca cun dy (Ur) (rated voltage of a winding)
in p n nh c t vo hoc to ra trng thi khng ti gia cc u ni ca cun dy
khng c nc iu chnh, hoc ca cun dy c nc iu chnh c ni nc iu chnh chnh
(xem 3.5.2). i vi cun dy ba pha l in p gia cc u ni pha [IEV 421-04-01, c sa
i]
CH THCH 1: in p danh nh ca tt c cc cun dy xut hin ng thi ch khng ti
khi in p t vo mt trong cc cun dy c gi tr danh nh ca cun dy .
CH THCH 2: i vi cc my bin p mt pha c thit k ni sao to thnh t my ba
pha, in p danh nh c nu dng in p pha-pha chia cho 3 , v d Ur = 400 3 kV.
CH THCH 3: i vi cun dy ni tip ca my bin p kch p ba pha c thit k nh mt
cun dy h (xem 3.10.5) th in p danh nh c nu nh l trng hp cun dy
c ni sao, v d Ur = 23 3 kV.
3.4.4. T s in p danh nh (rated voltage ratio)
T s gia in p danh nh ca mt cun dy v in p danh nh ca cun dy khc c in
p danh nh thp hn hoc bng [IEV 421-04-02]
3.4.5. Tn s danh nh (fr) (rated frequency)
Tn s ti my bin p c thit k lm vic [IEV 421-04-03, c sa i]
3.4.6. Cng sut danh nh (Sr) (rated power)
Gi tr qui c ca cng sut biu kin c n nh cho cun dy m cng vi in p danh
nh ca cun dy , cng sut ny quyt nh dng in danh nh ca cun dy
CH THCH 1: C hai cun dy ca mt my bin p hai cun dy c cng cng sut danh nh
m theo nh ngha cng sut ny l cng sut danh nh ca c my bin p.
CH THCH 2: i vi my bin p nhiu cun dy, mt na tng i s ca cc gi tr cng
sut danh nh ca tt c cc cun dy (cc cun dy ring bit, khng ni theo kiu t ngu)
cho php c lng s b v kch thc vt l so vi my bin p hai cun dy).

3.4.7. Dng in danh nh (Ir) (rated current)

Dng in chy qua u ni pha ca cun dy dng in ny c tnh t cng sut danh nh
Sr v in p danh nh Ur i vi cun dy [IEV 421-04-05, c sa i]
CH THCH 1: i vi cun dy ba pha dng in danh nh I r c tnh bng:

Ir

Sr
A
3 U r

CH THCH 2: i vi cun dy my bin p mt pha c thit k ni tam gic thnh t

my ba pha, dng in danh nh nu dng dng in pha chia cho 3 , v d:

Ir

500
A
3

3.5. Cc nc iu chnh
3.5.1. Nc iu chnh (tapping)
my bin p c mt cun dy c nc iu chnh, cch u ni c th ca cun dy th hin
s vng dy hiu qu nht nh trong cun dy c nc iu chnh v, do , th hin t s vng
dy nht nh gia cun dy v bt k cun dy no khc c s vng dy c nh
CH THCH: Mt trong cc nc iu chnh l nc iu chnh chnh, v nc iu chnh khc c
qui nh theo nc iu chnh bng cc h s iu chnh tng ng. Xem nh ngha ca cc thut
ng di y.
3.5.2. Nc iu chnh chnh (principal tapping)
Nc iu chnh tng ng vi cc i lng danh nh [IEV 421-05-02]
3.5.3. H s iu chnh (tng ng vi nc iu chnh cho) (tapping factor (corresponding
to a given tapping)
T s:

Ud
Ud
(h s iu chnh) hoc 100
(h s iu chnh tnh bng phn trm)
Ur
Ur
Trong :
Ur l in p danh nh ca cun dy (xem 3.4.3);
Ud l in p xut hin ti cc u ni ca cun dy khi my bin p vn hnh khng ti, ti nc
iu chnh lin quan, bng cch t in p danh nh vo mt cun dy khng c nc iu
chnh.
CH THCH: nh ngha ny khng thch hp cho cun dy ni tip ca my bin p kch p
(xem 3.1.3), v trong trng hp ny, t s tnh bng phn trm s tng ng vi in p ca
cun dy kch hoc ca cun dy ca my bin p h thng c lin quan, [IEV 421-05-03, c sa
i].
3.5.4. Nc iu chnh cng (plus tapping)
Nc iu chnh c h s iu chnh ln hn mt [IEV 421-05-04]
3.5.5. Nc iu chnh tr (minus tapping)
Nc iu chnh c h s iu chnh ln hn mt [IEV 421-05-05]
3.5.6. Bc iu chnh (tapping step)

Chnh lch gia cc h s iu chnh, th hin di dng phn trm, ca hai nc iu chnh lin
k [IEV 421-05-06]
3.5.7. Di iu chnh (tapping range)
Di bin thin ca h s iu chnh, th hin di dng phn trm, so vi gi tr 100
CH THCH: Nu di h s ny nm trong phm vi t (100 + a) n (100 - b), th di iu chnh
c xem l: +a %, -b % hoc a % nu a = b. [IEV 421-05-07].
3.5.8. T s in p ca nc iu chnh (ca mt cp cun dy) (tapping voltage ratio (of a
pair of windings)
T s bng vi t s in p danh nh:
- nhn vi h s iu chnh ca cun dy c nc iu chnh nu l cun dy in p cao;
- chia cho h s iu chnh ca cun dy c nc iu chnh nu l cun dy in p thp. [IEV
421-05-08]
CH THCH: Mc d theo nh ngha, t s in p danh nh t nht l bng 1, tuy vy t s in
p nc iu chnh c th nh hn 1 i vi mt vi nc iu chnh no khi t s in p danh
nh gn bng 1.
3.5.9. Ch nc iu chnh (tapping duty)
gi tr bng s n nh cho cc i lng, tng t nh cc i lng danh nh, tng ng vi
cc nc iu chnh khng phi l nc iu chnh chnh (xem iu 5, v IEC 60076-8) [IEV 421-0509, c sa i]
3.5.10. i lng nc iu chnh (tapping quantities)
Cc i lng m gi tr bng s ca chng xc nh ch nc iu chnh ca nc iu chnh
c th (khng phi l nc iu chnh chnh)
CH THCH: i lng nc iu chnh c tt c cc cun dy trong my bin p, khng ch
cun dy c nc iu chnh. (xem 5.2 v 5.3)
i lng nc iu chnh l:
- in p nc iu chnh (tng t nh in p danh nh, 3.4.3);
- cng sut nc iu chnh (tng t nh cng sut danh nh, 3.4.6);
- dng in nc iu chnh (tng t nh dng in danh nh, 3.4.7). [IEV 421-05-10, c sa
i].
3.5.11. Nc iu chnh c cng sut ton phn (full-power tapping)
Nc iu chnh c cng sut nc iu chnh bng cng sut danh nh [IEV 421-05-14]
3.5.12. Nc iu chnh c cng sut gim thp (reduced-power tapping)
Nc iu chnh c cng sut nc iu chnh nh hn cng sut danh nh [IEV 421-05-15]
3.5.13. B chuyn i nc iu chnh khi my bin p mang ti (on-load tap-changer)
Thit b dng thay i nc iu chnh ca cun dy, thch hp cho vn hnh khi my bin p
ang mang in hoc ang c ti [IEV 421-11-01]
3.6. Cc tn tht v dng in khng ti
CH THCH: Cc gi tr ny lin quan n nc iu chnh chnh, tr khi mt nc iu chnh khc
c ch ra c th.
3.6.1. Tn tht khng ti (no-load loss)

Cng sut tc dng b hp th khi t in p danh nh (in p nc iu chnh) c tn s danh

nh ln cc u ni ca mt trong cc cun dy, trong khi cun dy hoc cc cun dy khc
h mch [IEV 421-06-01, c sa i]
3.6.2. Dng in khng ti (no-load current)
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng in chy qua u ni pha ca cun dy khi t in p danh nh
(in p nc iu chnh) vo cun dy tn s danh nh, trong khi cun dy hoc cc cun
dy khc h mch.
CH THCH 1: i vi my bin p ba pha, gi tr ny l trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr dng
in trong ba pha.
CH THCH 2: Dng in khng ti ca mt cun dy thng c biu din bng phn trm
ca dng in danh nh ca cun dy . i vi my bin p nhiu cun dy, gi tr phn trm
ny tng ng vi cun dy c cng sut danh nh cao nht.
[IEV 421-06-02, c sa i].
3.6.3. Tn tht c ti (load loss)
Cng sut tc dng b hp th tn s danh nh v nhit chun (xem 10.1), gn lin vi
mt cp cun dy khi dng in danh nh (dng in nc iu chnh) i qua cc u ni pha ca
mt trong cc cun dy, cn cc u ni ca cun dy kia c ni tt. Cc cun dy khc, nu
c, h mch
CH THCH 1: i vi my bin p hai cun dy, ch c mt cch t hp cun dy v mt gi tr
tn tht khi c ti. i vi my bin p nhiu cun dy, c nhiu gi tr tn tht c ti tng ng
vi cc cch t hp hai cun dy khc nhau (xem iu 6 ca IEC 60076-8). Gi tr kt hp ca
tn tht khi c ti i vi ton b my bin p lin quan n t hp ti ca cun dy xc nh.
Ni chung, gi tr ny thng khng th xc nh bng php o trc tip khi th nghim.
CH THCH 2: Khi cc cun dy ca mt cp c cng sut danh nh khc nhau, cn cp n
tn tht c ti ng vi dng in danh nh trong cun dy c cng sut danh nh nh hn v
cng sut chun.
3.6.4. Tn tht tng (total losses)
Tng ca tn tht khng ti v tn tht c ti
CH THCH: Khng tnh n tng cng sut tiu th ca cc thit b ph tr trong tn tht tng
v c nu ring. [IEV 421-06-05, c sa i].
3.7. Tr khng ngn mch v st p
3.7.1. Tr khng ngn mch ca mt cp cun dy (short-circuit impedance of a pair of
windings)
Tr khng ni tip tng ng Z = R + jX, tnh bng m, tn s danh nh v nhit chun,
qua cc u ni ca mt cun dy ca mt cp, khi cc u ni ca cun dy kia c ni tt v
cc cun dy khc, nu c, h mch. i vi my bin p ba pha, tr khng c biu th l
tr khng pha (ni sao tng ng).
my bin p c cun dy c nc iu chnh, tr khng ngn mch lin quan n nc iu
chnh c th. Nu khng c qui nh khc th p dng nc iu chnh chnh.
CH THCH: i lng ny c th c biu th di dng tng i, khng c th nguyn,
nh l h s z ca tr khng chun Zref ca cng cun dy trong cp . Tnh theo phn trm l:

z 100
trong

Z
Z ref

Z ref

U2
(cng thc ny ng i vi c my bin p ba pha v mt pha)
Sr

U l in p (in p danh nh hoc in p nc iu chnh) ca cun dy c Z v Z ref.

Sr l gi tr chun ca cng sut danh nh.
Gi tr tng i ny cng bng vi t s gia in p t trong php o ngn mch to ra dng
in danh nh tng ng (hoc dng in nc iu chnh) v in p danh nh (hoc in p
nc iu chnh). in p t ny c gi l in p ngn mch [IEV 421-07-01] ca cp cun
dy. Gi tr tng i ny thng c biu din di dng phn trm. [IEV 421-07-02, c sa
i].
3.7.2. St p hoc tng p i vi iu kin ph ti qui nh (voltage drop or rise for a
specified load condition)
Chnh lch s hc gia in p khng ti ca cun dy v in p to ra trn cc u ni ca
cng cun dy ti ph ti v h s cng sut qui nh, khi in p cung cp cho cun dy kia
hoc mt trong cc cun dy khc bng:
- gi tr danh nh ca n nu my bin p c ni vo nc iu chnh chnh (in p khng ti
ca cun dy th nht khi bng gi tr danh nh ca n);
- in p nc iu chnh nu my bin p c ni nc iu chnh khc.
Chnh lch ny thng c biu din di dng phn trm ca in p khng ti ca cun dy
th nht.
CH THCH: i vi my bin p nhiu cun dy, st p hoc tng p khng ch ph thuc vo
ti v h s cng sut ca bn thn cun dy m cn ph thuc vo ti v h s cng sut ca
cc cun dy khc (xem IEC 60076-8). [IEV 421-07-03].
3.7.3. Tr khng th t khng (ca cun dy ba pha) (zero-sequence impedance (of a threephase winding)
Tr khng, tnh bng m cho mi pha tn s danh nh, gia cc u ni pha ca cun dy ni
sao hoc cun dy ni ziczac, ni vi nhau, v u ni trung tnh ca cun dy [IEV 421-07-04,
c sa i]
CH THCH 1: Tr khng th t khng c th c vi gi tr v n ph thuc vo cch ni v cch
t ca cc u ni ca cun dy kia hoc cc cun dy khc c u ni v mang ti.
CH THCH 2: Tr khng th t khng c th ph thuc vo gi tr ca dng in v nhit ,
c bit l cc my bin p khng c cun dy no ni tam gic.
CH THCH 3: Tr khng th t khng cng c th c biu din bng gi tr tng i ging
nh tr khng ngn mch (th t thun) (xem 3.7.1).
3.8. tng nhit (Temperature rise)
Chnh lch gia nhit ca phn ang xt v nhit ca mi cht lm mt bn ngoi. [IEV
421-08-01, c sa i]
3.9. Cch in (Insulation)
i vi cc nh ngha lin quan n cch in, xem TCVN 6306-3 (IEC 60076-3).
3.10. Cch u ni
3.10.1. Ni sao (Y-connection)
Cch u ni cun dy c b tr sao cho tng cun dy pha ca my bin p ba pha, hoc
ca tng cun dy c cng in p danh nh ca my bin p mt pha c kt hp thnh t
my bin p ba pha, c u ni vo mt im chung (im trung tnh) cn u kia ni vi u
ni pha tng ng [IEV 421-10-01, c sa i]

3.10.2. Ni tam gic (D-connection)

Cch u ni cun dy c b tr sao cho cun dy pha ca my bin p ba pha, hoc cc
cun dy c cng in p danh nh ca cc my bin p mt pha c kt hp thnh t my
bin p ba pha, c mc ni tip to thnh mt mch kn [IEV 421-10-02, c sa i]
3.10.3. Ni tam gic h (open-delta connection)
Cch u ni cun dy trong cc cun dy pha ca my bin p ba pha hoc cc cun dy c
cng in p danh nh ca cc my bin p mt pha c kt hp thnh t my bin p ba
pha, c mc ni tip nhng mt nh ca tam gic h [IEV 421-10-03]
3.10.4. Ni ziczac (Z-connection)
Cch u ni cun dy trong mt u ca mi cun dy pha ca my bin p ba pha c
ni vo im chung (im trung tnh), v mi cun dy pha c hai phn trong cm ng in
p lch pha
CH THCH: Hai phn ny ca cun dy thng c cng s vng dy. [IEV 421-10-04, c sa
i].
3.10.5. Cun dy h (open windings)
Cc cun dy pha ca my bin p ba pha khng c u ni vi nhau bn trong my bin p
[IEV 421-10-05, c sa i]
3.10.6. S lch pha ca cun dy ba pha (phase displacement of a three-phase winding)
Gc lch gia cc vct ch pha th hin in p gia im trung tnh (thc hoc gi) v u ni
tng ng ca hai cun dy, khi h thng in p th t thun c t vo u ni in p
cao, theo th t bng ch ci nu chng c nh du bng ch ci hoc theo th t s nu
chng c nh du bng s. Cc vct ch pha c gi thit l quay ngc chiu kim ng
h [IEV 421-10-08, c sa i]
CH THCH: Vct ch pha ca cun dy in p cao c ly lm chun, v s lch pha ng
vi bt k cun dy no khc c biu din theo qui c bng ch s gi, tc l vct ch pha
ca cun dy ch my gi khi vct ch pha ca cun dy cao p l 12 h (s cng cao th s
chm pha cng ln).
3.10.7. K hiu cch ni (connection symbol)
K hiu qui c ch ra cc kiu u ni ca cun dy in p cao, cun dy in p trung gian
(nu c) v cun dy in p thp v (cc) s lch pha tng i ca chng th hin bng mt
t hp cc ch ci v (cc) ch s gi [IEV 421-10-09, c sa i]
3.11. Cc loi th nghim
3.11.1. Th nghim thng xuyn (routine test)
Th nghim c thc hin cho tng my bin p ring
3.11.2. Th nghim in hnh (type test)
Th nghim c thc hin trn mt my bin p i din cho cc my bin p khc chng
minh rng cc my bin p ny ph hp vi yu cu qui nh nhng khng c cp trong
cc th nghim thng xuyn
CH THCH: Mt my bin p c xem l i din cho cc my bin p khc nu n c cc
thng s c trng v kt cu hon ton ging cc my bin p khc, nhng th nghim in
hnh cng c th c xem l hp l nu n c thc hin trn my bin p c sai lch nh v
cc thng s c trng hoc cc c tnh khc. Cc sai lch ny phi c c tha thun gia
nh ch to v ngi mua.
3.11.3. Th nghim c bit (special test)

Th nghim c tha thun gia nh ch to v ngi mua, khng phi l th nghim in

hnh hoc th nghim thng xuyn
3.12. D liu kh tng hc lin quan n lm mt
3.12.1. Nhit trung bnh thng (monthly average temperature)
Trung bnh cng gia nhit trung bnh cc i hng ngy v nhit trung bnh cc tiu hng
ngy trong mt thng c th, c theo di trong nhiu nm
3.12.2. Nhit trung bnh nm (yearly average temperature)
Trung bnh ca cc nhit trung bnh thng trong mt nm
4. Thng s c trng
4.1. Cng sut danh nh
My bin p phi c cng sut danh nh c n nh cho tng cun dy, cng sut ny phi
c ghi trn tm thng s c trng. Cng sut danh nh ng vi ph ti lin tc. l gi tr
chun bo hnh v cho cc th nghim lin quan n tn tht c ti v tng nhit.
Nu n nh gi tr cng sut biu kin khc nhau trong cc trng hp khc nhau, v d nh c
cc phng php lm mt khc nhau, th gi tr cao nht ca cc gi tr ny l cng sut danh
nh.
My bin p hai cun dy ch c mt gi tr cng sut danh nh, ging nhau c hai cun dy.
Khi my bin p c in p danh nh t vo cun dy s cp v dng in danh nh chy qua
cc u ni ca cun dy th cp th my bin p c cng sut danh nh ng vi cp cun dy
.
Khi lm vic lin tc, my bin p phi c kh nng mang cng sut danh nh (i vi my bin
p nhiu cun dy: cng sut danh nh ca t hp quy nh ca (cc) cun dy trong cc iu
kin lit k 1.2 v khng c vt qu gii hn tng nhit quy nh trong TCVN 6306-2 (IEC
60076-2).
CH THCH: Cng sut danh nh theo iu ny c hiu l gi tr ca cng sut biu kin a
vo my bin p bao gm c s tiu th cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng ca bn
thn my bin p . Cng sut biu kin m my bin p cung cp cho mch in ni vi u
ni ca cun dy th cp khi mang ti danh nh l khc vi cng sut danh nh. in p trn
cc u ni th cp l khc vi in p danh nh do c st p (hoc tng p) trn my bin p.
Mc st p cho php c xt n h s cng sut c ti c nu trong quy nh k thut v in
p danh nh v di iu chnh (xem iu 2 ca IEC 60076-8).
Phng php ny khc vi phng php c dng trong tiu chun v my bin p da trn
thc t M (ANSI/IEEE C57.12.00), trong 'kVA danh nh' l 'cng sut c th cung cp ti
in p th cp danh nh ". Theo phng php ny, mc st p cho php phi c thc
hin khi thit k, sao cho in p s cp cn thit c th c a vo my bin p. Ngoi ra,
ANSI/IEEE quy nh, trong "iu kin lm vic bnh thng': 'h s cng sut c ti l 80% hoc
cao hn' (trch t n phm xut bn nm 1987).
4.2. Chu trnh ti
Nu c quy nh trong bn yu cu hoc hp ng th ngoi cng sut danh nh i vi ti lin
tc, my bin p c th c n nh mt chu trnh ti tm thi m c th thc hin c trong
cc iu kin quy nh trong TCVN 6306-2 (IEC 60076-2).
CH THCH: Ty chn ny c dng ring a ra c s thit k v bo hnh lin quan
n ti khn cp tm thi ca my bin p in lc cng sut ln.
Trong trng hp khng c quy nh ny, hng dn v ph ti ca my bin p ph hp vi
phn ny c th xem trong IEC 60076-7 v IEC 60905.

S xuyn, cc b iu chnh theo nc v cc thit b ph khc phi chn c sao cho khng
gy hn ch kh nng mang ti ca my bin p.
CH THCH: Khng p dng cc quy nh ny cho cc my bin p s dng vi mc ch c
bit, mt s my bin p khng cn kh nng mang ti qu cng sut danh nh. i vi cc
my bin p khc, phi c quy nh v cc yu cu c bit.
4.3. Gi tr u tin ca cng sut danh nh
i vi my bin p c cng sut n 10 MVA, u tin chn cc gi tr ca cng sut danh nh
trong dy R10 ca ISO 3 (1973): s u tin: dy s u tin.
(. 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, v.v).
4.4. Lm vic in p cao hn in p danh nh v/hoc tn s nhiu
Phng php quy nh gi tr in p danh nh thch hp v di iu chnh thch hp vi mt
lot cc trng hp ph ti (cng sut ph ti, h s cng sut, tng ng vi in p lm vic
pha-pha) c quy nh trong IEC 60076-8.
Trong phm vi cc gi tr quy nh ca Um1, my bin p phi c kh nng vn hnh lin tc m
khng b hng trong cc iu kin 'bo ha' trong trng hp t s ca in p trn tn s vt
khng qu 5% t s tng ng ti in p v tn s danh nh.
5. Yu cu i vi my bin p c cun dy iu chnh
5.1. Quy nh chung - Lu v di iu chnh
Cc iu di y p dng cho my bin p ch c mt trong cc cun dy c nc iu chnh.
my bin p nhiu cun dy, cc quy nh ny p dng cho t hp ca cun dy c nc iu
chnh vi mt trong s cc cun dy khng c nc iu chnh.
my bin p t ngu, i khi nc iu chnh c b tr ti trung tnh ngha l s lng vng
dy hiu qu c thay i ng thi c hai cun dy. i vi cc my bin p nh vy, cc
c trng v nc iu chnh phi c tha thun. Cc yu cu ca iu ny phi c s dng
mc cao nht c th.
Nu khng c quy nh khc, nc iu chnh chnh c t gia di iu chnh. Cc nc iu
chnh khc c phn bit bng h s nc iu chnh ca chng. S lng nc iu chnh v
phm vi bin thin ca t s my bin p c th c biu din dng rt gn bng cc sai lch
h s nc iu chnh tnh bng phn trm so vi gi tr 100 (xem nh ngha cc thut ng, iu
3.5).
V d: Mt my bin p c nc iu chnh trn cun dy 160 kV, c tt c 21 nc iu chnh, t
i xng nhau, c thit k nh sau:
(160 10 x 1,5%) / 66 kV
Nu v l do no , di iu chnh khng c phn b u quanh in p danh nh, th c th
biu din nh sau:

160

12 x1,5%
8 x1,5%

/ 66 kV

CH THCH: Cch k hiu ngn ny ch m t s b tr ca cun dy c nc iu chnh v khng

nu ln s thay i thc ca in p t vo cun dy khi lm vic. iu ny c cp 5.2
v 5.3.
th hin y trn tm thng s lin quan n cc nc iu chnh ring, xem iu 7.

Um l in p cao nht dng cho thit b, c th p dng cho cun dy my bin p (xem TCVN
6306-3 (IEC 60076-3))

Mt vi nc iu chnh c th l 'nc iu chnh gim cng sut' do cc hn ch v in p hoc

dng in nc iu chnh. Nc iu chnh bin c s hn ch nh trn gi l 'nc iu chnh in
p ln nht' v 'nc iu chnh dng in ln nht' (xem hnh 1).
5.2. in p nc iu chnh - dng in nc iu chnh. Cc cp tiu chun ca iu chnh
in p nc iu chnh. Nc iu chnh in p ln nht
Cch k hiu ngn v di iu chnh v bc iu chnh ch ra khong bin thin ca t s my
bin p. Nhng cc gi tr n nh ca i lng nc iu chnh khng c xc nh y ch
bng cch ghi ny. Cn c cc thng tin b sung. Cc thng tin ny c th c ly t bng ghi
cng sut, in p v dng in nc iu chnh cho mi nc iu chnh hoc bng dng ch, ch
ra 'cp iu chnh in p' v gii hn c th ca di iu chnh trong nc iu chnh l 'nc
iu chnh cng sut y '
Cc mc cao nht ca iu chnh in p nc iu chnh l:
- iu chnh in p t thng khng i (CFVV), v
- iu chnh in p t thng bin thin (VFVV).
Chng c xc nh nh sau:
CFVV
in p nc iu chnh trong bt k cun dy no khng c nc iu chnh l khng i khi
chuyn i nc iu chnh. Cc in p nc iu chnh trong cun dy c nc iu chnh t l
thun vi h s nc iu chnh.
VFVV
in p nc iu chnh trong cc cun dy c nc iu chnh l khng i khi chuyn i nc
iu chnh. Cc in p nc iu chnh trong cun dy khng c nc iu chnh t l nghch vi
h s nc iu chnh.
CbVV (iu chnh in p t hp)
Trong nhiu ng dng v c bit i vi my bin p c di iu chnh rng, s t hp c
quy nh s dng c hai nguyn tc trn p dng cho cc phn khc nhau ca di iu chnh gi
l iu chnh in p t hp (CbVV). im chuyn i gi l 'nc iu chnh in p ln nht'.
i vi h ny, p dng cc iu sau:
CFVV p dng cho cc nc iu chnh c h s nc iu chnh thp hn h s nc iu chnh
in p ln nht.
VFVV p dng cho cc nc iu chnh c h s iu chnh cao hn h s nc iu chnh in p
ln nht.
Th hin bng hnh v ca cc cp iu chnh in p nc iu chnh:
CFVV hnh 1a) - VFVV hnh 1b) - CbVV hnh 1c).
K hiu:
UA, IA: in p v dng in nc iu chnh trong cun dy c nc iu chnh.
UB, IB: in p v dng in nc iu chnh trong cun dy khng c nc iu chnh.
SAB: Cng sut nc iu chnh.
Abscissa: H s nc iu chnh, tnh theo phn trm (ch s tng ng ca s vng hiu qu
trong cun dy c nc iu chnh).
1. Ch cc nc iu chnh c cng sut y trn ton b di iu chnh.
2. Ch 'nc iu chnh in p ln nht', 'nc iu chnh dng in ln nht' v di iu chnh
cng sut gim.

Hnh 1a)- iu chnh in p t thng khng i CFVV

Th hin nc iu chnh dng in ln nht ty chn

H s nc iu chnh

Hnh 1b) - iu chnh in p t thng bin i VFVV

Th hin nc iu chnh dng in ln nht ty chn

H s nc iu chnh

Hnh 1c) - iu chnh in p t hp CbVV

im chuyn i c th hin trong di iu chnh cng. N
tng ng vi c nc iu chnh in p ln nht (U A) v nc
iu chnh dng in ln nht (Ia khng i v khng tng
qu im chuyn i). Ngoi ra cn th hin c nc iu
chnh dng in ln nht ty chn (trong di CFVV).

H s nc iu chnh
5.3. Cng sut nc iu chnh. Cc nc iu chnh cng sut y - cc nc iu chnh
cng sut gim.
Tt c cc nc iu chnh phi l cc nc iu chnh cng sut y , tr cc nc iu chnh c
quy nh di y.
cc my bin p cun dy ring bit cng sut ln n 2500 kVA c di iu chnh khng qu
5%, dng in nc iu chnh trong cun dy c nc iu chnh phi bng dng in danh nh
ti tt c cc nc iu chnh tr. iu ny c ngha l nc iu chnh chnh l 'nc iu chnh
dng in ln nht', xem di y.
cc my bin p c di iu chnh rng hn 5%, c th quy nh gii hn v gi tr ca in
p v dng in nc iu chnh nu khng th cc gi tr ny c th tng trn gi tr danh nh mt
cch ng k. Khi cc gii hn ny c quy nh th cc nc iu chnh lin quan s l 'nc iu
chnh cng sut gim'. iu ny quy nh cc cch b tr ny.
Khi h s nc iu chnh khc mt, dng in nc iu chnh i vi nc iu chnh cng sut
y c th tng qu dng in danh nh mt trong cc cun dy. Nh ch ra hnh 1a),
hnh ny p dng cho nc iu chnh tr, trn cun dy c nc iu chnh, loi CFVV, v i vi
cc nc iu chnh cng trn cun dy khng c nc iu chnh loi VFVV (hnh 1b)). hn ch
vic tng cng tng ng cho cun dy ang xt, c th quy nh nc iu chnh dng in ln
nht. Xut pht t nc iu chnh ny, cc gi tr v dng in nc iu chnh ca cun dy phi
gi khng i. iu ny c ngha l nc iu chnh cn li cho n nc iu chnh ngoi cng l
cc nc iu chnh cng sut gim (hnh 1a), 1b) v 1c)).
Nu khng c quy nh no khc th loi CbVV, "nc iu chnh in p ln nht", im chuyn
i gia CFVV v VFVV phi cng thi im 'nc iu chnh dng in ln nht'. iu ny c
ngha l dng in ca cun dy khng c nc iu chnh c gi khng thay i n nc iu
chnh cng cao nht (hnh 1c).
5.4. Quy nh i vi cc nc iu chnh trong bn yu cu v n t hng
Cc d liu sau y l cn thit xc nh thit k ca my bin p
a) Cun dy no c nc iu chnh.
b) S bc v bc iu chnh (hoc di iu chnh v s lng bc iu chnh). Nu khng
c quy nh khc th gi thit rng di iu chnh l i xng xung quanh nc iu chnh chnh v

cc bc iu chnh ca cun dy c nc iu chnh l bng nhau. Nu v mt vi l do m thit

k cun dy c cc bc iu chnh khng bng nhau, th phi c ch ra trong khi u thu.
c) Cp in p iu chnh v nu p dng iu chnh t hp th phi c im chuyn i ('nc
iu chnh in p ln nht', xem 5.2).
d) Gii hn dng in ln nht (nc iu chnh cng sut gim) c p dng khng, v nu c th
phi ch ra p dng cho cc nc iu chnh no.
Cc mc c) v d) c th thay bng mt bng cng loi nh s dng trn tm thng s c trng
cho thun tin (xem v d trong ph lc B).
Quy nh ca cc d liu ny c th c thc hin theo hai cch khc nhau:
- hoc do bn s dng quy nh tt c cc d liu t ban u, trong bn yu cu ca ngi s
dng;
- hoc, bn s dng c th a ra mt lot cc trng hp v ph ti vi cc gi tr cng sut
tc dng v cng sut phn khng (ch r hng ca dng cng sut), v in p c ti tng
ng.
Cc trng hp ny nn ch ra gi tr cao nht ca t s in p cng sut y v gim
(xem 'phng php su thng s' ca IEC 60076-8). Da trn cc thng tin nh ch to s
chn cun dy c nc iu chnh v quy nh cc i lng danh nh v i lng iu chnh
trong ngh gi thu.
5.5. Quy nh v tr khng ngn mch
Nu khng c quy nh no khc, tr khng ngn mch ca cp cun dy c quy v nc iu
chnh chnh (3.7.1). i vi my bin p c cun dy c nc iu chnh m di iu chnh qu
5%, gi tr tr khng cng phi c a ra cho c hai nc iu chnh bin. cc my bin p
nh vy, ba gi tr tr khng ny phi c o trong qu trnh th nghim ngn mch (xem
10.4).
Khi cc gi tr tr khng c a ra cho mt vi nc iu chnh, v c bit l khi cc cun dy
ca mt cp c cng sut danh nh khng ging nhau, th nn a ra cc gi tr tr khng tnh
bng m cho mi pha, quy v mt trong hai cun dy hn l tnh bng gi tr phn trm. Gi tr
phn trm c th gy nhm ln v thi quen khc nhau lin quan n gi tr chun. Khi gi tr
phn trm c a ra th gi tr in p v cng sut chun tng ng phi c ch ra r
rng.
CH THCH: Cch chn gi tr tr khng ca ngi s dng c th dn n cc i hi mu
thun nhau: gii hn st p chng li gii hn qu dng in trong cc iu kin s c h thng.
Ti u kinh t ca thit k c xt n tn tht dn n mt dy gi tr khng nht nh. Khi vn
hnh song song vi my bin p c i hi phi c s ph hp tr khng (xem iu 4 ca
IEC 60076-8).
Nu bn yu cu khng ch c quy nh v tr khng ti nc iu chnh chnh m cn quy nh
cho c s bin thin ca n sut di iu chnh th iu ny c ngha l c hn ch kh quan
trng trong thit k (b tr cc cun dy c lin quan vi nhau). Do , quy nh c th ny khng
nn a ra m khng c l do chnh ng.
Cch quy nh cc gi tr tr khng ngn mch trong bn yu cu c dnh mt mc t do no
trong thit k l ch r khong chp nhn c gia gii hn trn v gii hn di trn
ton b di iu chnh. iu ny c th c thc hin nh th hoc bng.
Cc gii hn bin phi t nht l xa cho php dung sai hai pha ca iu 9 c p dng
cho gi tr trung gian gia chng. Mt v d c ch ra ph lc C. Nh ch to chn v bo
m gi tr tr khng i vi nc iu chnh chnh v nc iu chnh bin phi nm trong gii hn
bin. Cc gi tr o c c th khc cc gi tr bo m nm trong dung sai theo iu 9 nhng
khng c nm ngoi gii hn bin l cc gii hn khng c sai s.
5.6. Tn tht c ti v tng nhit

a) Nu di iu chnh nm trong phm vi 5% v cng sut danh nh khng qu 2500 kVA th

m bo tn tht c ti v tng nhit ch lin quan n nc iu chnh chnh, v th nghim
tng nhit thc hin trn nc iu chnh .
b) Nu di iu chnh qu 5% hoc cng sut danh nh trn 2500 kVA, th ngoi nc iu
chnh chnh phi ch ra i vi nc iu chnh no m nh ch to phi bo hnh cc tn tht c
ti. Cc tn tht c ti ny ng vi cc gi tr dng in nc iu chnh lin quan. Gii hn
tng nhit c hiu lc cho tt c cc nc iu chnh, ti cng sut, in p, dng in nc iu
chnh thch hp.
Th nghim in hnh tng nhit, nu c quy nh, ch phi thc hin trn mt nc iu chnh.
Nu khng c quy nh khc th nc iu chnh phi l 'nc iu chnh dng in ln nht'
(thng l nc iu chnh c tn tht ti cao nht). Tng tn tht i vi nc iu chnh
chn l cng sut th nghim xc nh tng nhit ca du trong th nghim tng nhit,
v dng in nc iu chnh i vi nc iu chnh ny l dng in chun xc nh tng
nhit ca cun dy tng cao hn du. bit cc thng tin v cc th nghim v quy tc lin
quan n tng nhit ca my bin p loi ngm trong du (xem TCVN 6306-2 (IEC 60076-2)).
V nguyn tc, th nghim in hnh v tng nhit phi chng t rng thit b lm mt l
tn nhit ca tn tht tng ln nht trn bt k nc iu chnh no v tng nhit xung
quanh cc cun dy, bt k nc iu chnh no khng vt qu gi tr ln nht quy nh.
Mc ch v th hai thng yu cu la chn 'nc iu chnh dng in ln nht' i vi th
nghim. Nhng lng tn tht tng phi c a vo xc nh tng nhit ln nht ca
du phi ph hp vi gi tr cao nht ca bt k nc iu chnh no, ngay c khi khng phi l
nc iu chnh ang th nghim (xem thm 5.2 ca TCVN 6306-2 (IEC 60076-2)).
6. K hiu th hin cch u ni v s lch pha i vi my bin p ba pha
Kiu ni sao, tam gic hoc ziczac ca cc cun dy pha ca my bin p ba pha hoc cc cun
dy c cng in p ca cc my bin p mt pha kt hp thnh t my bin p ba pha, c
ch ra bng cc ch in hoa Y, D hoc Z i vi cun dy in p cao (HV) v ch nh y, d hoc z
i vi cun dy in p trung gian hoc cun dy in p thp (LV). Nu im trung tnh ca
cun dy ni sao hoc ni ziczac c a ra ngoi phi nh du l YN (yn) hoc ZN (zn)
tng ng.
Cun dy h trong my bin p ba pha (khng c ni chung vi nhau trong my bin p
nhng cc u ra ca mi cun dy pha c a ra cc cc) c nh du l III (HV), hoc iii
(cun dy in p trung gian hoc cun dy in p thp).
i vi cp cun dy ni t ngu, k hiu ca cun dy in p thp c thay bng ch 'auto'
hoc 'a', v d 'YNauto' hoc 'YNa' hoc 'YNa0', 'Zna11'.
Cc k hiu bng ch dng cho cc cun dy khc nhau ca my bin p c ghi li theo th
t gim dn ca in p danh nh. Ch tng ng vi kiu u ni ca cun dy v cun dy
in p thp v in p trung gian c ghi ngay sau gc lch pha 'ch s gi' (xem nh ngha
3.10.6). Ba v d c ch ra di y v c biu th hnh 2.
Khi c cun dy n nh (cun dy ni tam gic v khng c cc a ra cho ph ti ba pha bn
ngoi) c ch ra bng k hiu '+d', ngay sau k hiu cun dy c th mang ti.
Nu my bin p c quy nh cch u ni thay i c (ni tip - song song hoc Y-D), c hai
cch u ni u phi c ghi li, km theo in p danh nh tng ng c ch ra bng v
d sau:
220(110)/10,5 kV

YN(YN)d11

110/11(6,35) kV

YNy0(d11)

Thng tin y c cho trong tm thng s c trng (xem 7.2 e)).

Cc v d v cch u ni thng dng cng vi s u ni c ch ra ph lc D.

Cc s cng vi cch ghi nhn cc cc v ch dn c my bin dng lp trong, khi s dng,

c th c ghi trn tm thng s c trng cng vi thng tin bng ch c quy nh trong
iu 7.

Hnh 2 - Cch biu din cc k hiu 'ch s gi' - ba v d.

Cc quy c sau dy v cch k hiu c p dng.
S u ni th hin cun dy in p cao trn, v cun dy in p thp di. (Hng
ca in p cm ng phi c ch ra).
S vect cun dy in p cao hng theo pha I ch 12 gi. Vect ca pha I ca cun dy
in p thp hng theo quan h in p cm ng sinh ra t cch u ni trn.
Chiu quay ca s vect ngc chiu kim ng h, theo th t I-II-III.
CH THCH: Cch nh s ny l ty . Ghi nhn cc u ni trn my bin p theo thi quen
ca tng nc.
V d 1
My bin p phn phi c cun dy in p cao 20 kV, ni tam gic. Cun dy in p thp l
400 V ni sao c trung tnh a ra ngoi. Cun dy in p thp (LV) chm sau cun dy in p
cao (HV) 3300.
K hiu: Dyn11
V d 2
My bin p ba cun dy: 123 kV ni sao c trung tnh a ra ngoi. 36 kV ni sao c trung tnh
a ra ngoi, cng pha vi cun dy cao p nhng khng ni t ngu. 7,2 kV ni tam gic, chm
sau 1500.
K hiu: YNyn0d5
V d 3
Mt nhm ba my bin p t ngu mt pha
400

130

kV c cun dy th ba 22 kV.

Cc cun dy t u ni c ni hnh sao, cn cc cun dy th ba ni tam gic. Vect ch pha

ca cun dy u tam gic chm sau vect ch pha cun dy in p cao 330 0.

K hiu: YNautod11 hoc YNad11

K hiu ny cng ging nh my bin p t ngu ba pha m bn trong c cng cch u ni.
Nu cun dy ni tam gic khng ni vo ba u ni pha m ch c dng nh cun dy n
nh, k hiu phi ch ra iu ny bng du cng. Khng c k hiu pha p dng cho cun dy n
nh.
K hiu: YNauto+d
7. Tm thng s c trng
My bin p phi c tm thng s c trng lm bng vt liu chu c thi tit, gn vo v tr
d thy, ch ra cc hng mc ph hp di y. Cc iu ghi trn tm ny phi khng ty xa
c.
7.1. Thng tin cn cho mi trng hp
a) Loi my bin p (v d my bin p, my bin p t ngu, my bin p kch p, v.v).
b) S hiu tiu chun.
c) Tn nh ch to.
d) S seri ca nh ch to.
e) Nm sn xut.
f) S pha.
g) Cng sut danh nh (tnh bng kVA hoc MVA). (i vi my bin p nhiu cun dy, phi
nu cng sut danh nh ca mi cun dy. T hp ph ti phi c ch ra tr khi cng sut
danh nh ca mt trong cc cun dy l tng cng sut danh nh ca cc cun dy khc).
h) Tn s danh nh (tnh bng Hz).
i) in p danh nh (tnh bng V hoc kV) v di iu chnh.
j) Dng in danh nh (tnh bng A hoc kA).
k) K hiu u ni.
l) Tr khng ngn mch, gi tr o c tnh bng phn trm. i vi my bin p nhiu cun
dy, phi nu mt s tr khng cho t hp khc nhau ca hai cun dy vi gi tr cng sut
chun tng ng. i vi my bin p c cun dy c nc iu chnh, xem thm iu 5.5 v
im b) ca 7.2.
m) Kiu lm mt. (Nu my bin p n nh mt s phng php lm mt, th gi tr cng sut
tng ng c th biu th bng phn trm ca cng sut danh nh, v d ONAN/ONAF
70/100%).
n) Khi lng tng.
o) Khi lng ca du cch in.
Nu my bin p c t hai b thng s c trng tr ln, th ty thuc vo cc cch u ni khc
nhau ca cun dy cho php c th trong thit k, cc thng s b sung phi c nu trong
tm thng s c trng, hoc cc tm thng s c trng ring phi ph hp cho mi trng
hp.
7.2. Thng tin b sung, nu c, cn c nu ra.
a) i vi my bin p c mt hoc nhiu cun dy c 'in p cao nht dng cho thit b' U m
bng hoc ln hn 3,6 kV:
cch k hiu ngn ca mc cch in (in p chu th) nh m t trong iu 5 ca TCVN 63063 (IEC 60076-3).

b) i vi my bin p c cun dy c nc iu chnh, cc c im c th v cc nc iu chnh

nh sau:
- i vi my bin p c di iu chnh khng qu 5%: a ra cc in p nc iu chnh trn
cun dy c nc iu chnh i vi tt c cc nc iu chnh. iu ny p dng c bit cho my
bin p phn phi;
- i vi my bin p c di iu chnh qu 5%: a ra mt bng v in p, dng in, cng
sut nc iu chnh i vi tt c cc nc iu chnh. Ngoi ra, gi tr tr khng ngn mch i
vi nc iu chnh chnh v t nht l cc nc iu chnh bin phi c ch ra, nn tnh bng m
cho mi pha i vi cun dy xc nh.
c) tng nhit ca im cao nht ca du v cun dy (nu khng phi gi tr bnh thng).
Khi my bin p c quy nh lp t cao so vi mc nc bin l ln th phi ch ra
iu ny cng vi thng tin v d liu tng nhit c gim trong iu kin bnh thng ca
mi trng xung quanh hoc v ph ti gim bt m s dn n tng nhit bnh thng ti
cao ln (my bin p chun c kh nng lm mt bnh thng).
d) Cht lng cch in, nu khng phi l du khong.
e) S u ni (trong cc trng hp m k hiu u ni khng cho y thng tin cho cch
u ni bn trong). Nu cch u ni c th thay i bn trong my bin p, iu ny phi c
ch ra trong tm thng s c trng ring hoc c tm thng s c trng kp. Phi ch ra cch
u ni no c thc hin ti xng ch to.
f) Khi lng vn chuyn (i vi cc my bin p c tng khi lng ln hn 5 tn).
g) Khi lng rut my (i vi cc my bin p c tng khi lng ln hn 5 tn).
h) Kh nng chu chn khng ca thng my v ca bnh cha du.
Ngoi tm thng s c trng chnh vi cc thng tin nu trn, my bin p cn mang cc tm
c c trng v nhn dng ca cc thit b ph tr theo cc tiu chun cho cc thit b ny (s
xuyn, b chuyn i theo nc, my bin dng in, thit b lm mt c bit).
8. Cc yu cu khc
8.1. Kch c ca u ni trung tnh
Dy trung tnh v u ni ca my bin p c thit k mang ti gia dy pha v dy trung
tnh (v d, my bin p phn phi) phi c kch thc ph hp vi dng in ti v dng in
chm t (xem IEC 60076-8).
Dy trung tnh v u ni trung tnh ca my bin p khng c thit k mang ti gia dy
pha v trung tnh phi c nh kch c chu dng in chm t.
8.2. H thng cha du
i vi cc my bin p ngm trong du, loi h thng cha du phi c quy nh trong bn
yu cu v n t hng. H thng cha du c chia thnh cc loi sau:
- H thng thng hi t do hoc h thng bo ton trong trng hp c s lu thng t do gia
khng kh mi trng v khng kh trn b mt lp du trong thng my hoc trong bnh du
ph ring bit (h thng bo ton). B ht m thng c lp ch ni n khng kh bn
ngoi.
- H thng bo ton du kiu mng chn t ch m c gin n v th tch ca khng kh p
sut kh quyn bn trn lp du nhng ngn chn tip xc trc tip vi du bng mng chn do
hoc bng ti mm.
- H thng kh tr c p sut, trong th tch gin n trn lp du cha y kh tr kh c p
sut d yu v c ni lin vi mt ngun p lc khng ch c hoc ni lin vi mt ti
mm n hi.

- H thng v my kn c mt m kh, trong th tch kh trn b mt lp du trong v cng

hp th s gin n do thay i p lc.
- H thng kn y du, trong du gin n c chuyn ng nh s n hi ca v my,
thng thng c hnh ln sng v thng xuyn kn.
8.3. Loi b ph ti trn my bin p ni vo my pht
My bin p, c thit k ni trc tip vo my pht theo cch m my bin p c th
iu kin loi b ph ti, phi chu 1,4 ln in p danh nh trong 5s ti cc u ni ca my
bin p m my pht c ni vo.
9. Dung sai
c bit vi cc my bin p c nhiu cun dy v c cng sut ln, in p danh nh tng
i thp, khng phi lc no cng c th m bo n mc chnh xc t s vng dy tng ng
vi t s in p danh nh. Cng c th c cc i lng khc khng th kho st chnh xc ti
thi im u thu hoc phi chu ch to v o khng c m bo.
V vy cn phi c dung sai cho cc gi tr bo m.
Bng 1 a ra cc dung sai c th p dng cho mt s i lng danh nh v cc i lng
khc khi cng l i tng nh ch to bo hnh nh trong tiu chun ny. Khi dung sai v
mt pha no khng c th khng hn ch gi tr v pha .
My bin p c xem l ph hp vi tiu chun ny khi cc i lng c quy nh dung sai
khng nm ngoi cc dung sai cho trong bng 1.
Bng 1 - Dung sai
Hng mc
1. a) Tng tn tht

Xem ch thch 1

b) Tn tht thnh phn Xem ch thch 1

2. T s in p khng ti ti nc iu chnh
i vi cp cun dy u tin quy nh

Dung sai
+ 10% ca tng tn tht
+ 15% ca mi tn tht thnh phn vi iu
kin l dung sai i vi tng tn tht khng b
vt qu.
Gi tr nh hn ca cc gi tr di y:
a) 0,5% ca t s cng b
b) 1/10 ca tr khng phn trm thc trn
nc iu chnh chnh

T s in p trn cc nc iu chnh khc,

ca cng cp cun dy .

Theo tha thun, nhng khng nh hn gi tr

nh hn ca cc gi tr a) v b) trn.

T s in p ca cc cp cun dy khc

Theo tha thun, nhng khng nh hn gi tr

nh hn ca cc gi tr a) v b) trn.

3. Tr khng ngn mch cho:

- my bin p c hai cun dy ring bit nhau,
- mi cp cun dy quy nh u tin ring bit
my bin p nhiu cun dy
a) nc iu chnh chnh

Khi gi tr tr khng 10%

7,5% ca gi tr cng b
Khi gi tr tr khng < 10%
10% ca gi tr cng b

b) nc iu chnh khc ca cp cun dy

Khi gi tr tr khng 10%

10% ca gi tr cng b
Khi gi tr tr khng < 10%
15% ca gi tr cng b
4. Tr khng ngn mch cho:
- cp cun dy t u ni, hoc
- mt cp cun dy quy nh th hai tch bit
nhau ca mt my bin p nhiu cun dy.
a) nc iu chnh chnh

10% ca gi tr cng b

b) nc iu chnh khc ca cp cun dy

15% ca gi tr cng b i vi nc iu
chnh .

- cc cp cun dy khc

Theo tha thun nhng 15%

5. Dng in khng ti

+ 30% ca gi tr cng b

CH THCH 1: Dung sai v tn tht ca my bin p nhiu cun dy p dng cho tng cc cp
cun dy tr khi trong giy bo hnh ch ra bng chng c p dng cho iu kin ph ti cho
trc.
CH THCH 2: Vi mt s my bin p t ngu v my bin p kch p, tr khng nh cn cn
i cho mt dung sai rng hn. Cc my bin p c di iu chnh ln, c bit l i vi my
bin p m di iu chnh khng i xng, cng c th i hi s cn nhc c bit. Mt khc, v
d, khi my bin p c t hp t cc n v c sn t trc, c th phi chng minh xc
nh v i n tha thun v dung sai tr khng hp hn. Cc vn ca dung sai c bit cn
lu khi u thu, v dung sai xem xt li phi c tha thun gia nh ch to v ngi
mua.
CH THCH 3: 'Gi tr cng b' phi c hiu l gi tr do nh ch to cng b.
10. Th nghim
10.1. Yu cu chung i vi th nghim thng xuyn, th nghim in hnh v th
nghim c bit
Cc my bin p phi chu th nghim nh quy nh di y.
Cc th nghim phi c thc hin nhit mi trng trong phm vi t 10 0C n 400C v
vi nc lm mt (nu yu cu) ti nhit khng qu 25 0C.
Cc th nghim phi c thc hin ti xng ca nh ch to, nu khng c tha thun khc
gia nh ch to v ngi mua.
Tt c cc linh kin v ph kin bn ngoi m c th gy nh hng n tnh nng ca my bin
p trong th nghim phi c lp y vo my.
Cun dy c nc iu chnh phi c ni nc iu chnh ca chng, tr khi th nghim lin
quan yu cu khc hoc nu khng c tha thun khc gia nh ch to v ngi mua.
C s th nghim i vi tt c cc c tnh khc vi c tnh cch in l iu kin danh nh,
tr khi quy nh th nghim ch ra khc.
Ton b h thng o dng cho th nghim phi c cng nhn, c chnh xc r rng v phi
c hiu chun nh k theo quy tc ca TCVN ISO 9001.
CH THCH: Cc yu cu c trng v chnh xc v kim nh h thng o hin ang c
xem xt (xem IEC 60076-8).
Khi c yu cu cc kt qu th nghim phi hiu chnh v nhit chun th nhit chun l:
- i vi my bin p ngm trong du: 750C;

- i vi my bin p kh: theo cc yu cu chung cho th nghim trong IEC 60076-11.

10.1.1. Th nghim thng xuyn
a) o in tr cun dy (10.2).
b) o t s in p v kim tra lch pha (10.3).
c) o tr khng ngn mch v tn tht c ti (10.4).
d) o tn tht khng ti v dng in khng ti (10.5).
e) Cc th nghim thng xuyn ca in mi TCVN 6306-3 (IEC 60076-3).
f) Cc th nghim trn b chuyn i theo nc khi c ti, nu cn (10.8).
10.1.2. Th nghim in hnh
a) Th nghim tng nhit TCVN 6306-2 (IEC 60076-2).
b) Th nghim in hnh ca in mi TCVN 6306-3 (IEC 60076-3).
10.1.3. Th nghim c bit
a) Th nghim c bit ca in mi TCVN 6306-3 (IEC 60076-3).
b) Xc nh in dung cun dy vi t v gia cc cun dy.
c) Xc nh c tnh truyn in p qu .
d) o (cc) tr khng th t khng ca my bin p ba pha (10.7).
e) Th nghim kh nng chu ngn mch TCVN 6306-5 (IEC 60076-5).
f) Xc nh mc n (IEC 60076-10).
g) o cc sng hi ca dng in khng ti (10.6).
h) o cng sut tiu th ca cc ng c bm du v qut.
i) o in tr cch in vi t ca cc cun dy, v/hoc o h s tn tht (tg ) ca in dung
h thng cch in. ( l cc gi tr chun so snh vi gi tr o c sau ti hin trng.
Tiu chun ny khng nu cc gii hn cho cc gi tr ny).
Nu phng php th nghim khng c nu trong tiu chun ny, hoc nu cc th nghim
khc cc th nghim c lit k trn c quy nh trong hp ng th cc phng php th
nghim ny phi theo tha thun.
10.2. o in tr cun dy
10.2.1. Quy nh chung
in tr ca mi cun dy, cc u ni gia chng phi c o v nhit ca cc cun dy
phi c ghi li. Phi dng dng in mt chiu cho php o ny.
Trong tt c cc php o in tr, cn ch gim cc nh hng ca t cm n mc ti
thiu.
10.2.2. My bin p loi kh
Trc khi o, my bin p phi trng thi khng mang in nhit mi trng khng i
trong t nht 3h.
in tr v nhit ca cun dy phi c o cng mt lc. Nhit cun dy phi c o
bng cm bin t ti v tr tiu biu, tt nht l t trong cc cun dy, v d nh trong mt khe
gia cun dy in p cao v cun dy in p thp.
10.2.3. My bin p loi ngm trong du

Sau khi my bin p khng mang in ngm trong du 3h, phi xc nh nhit du trung bnh
v nhit ca cun dy phi c xem l bng nhit du trung bnh. Nhit du trung
bnh c ly bng trung bnh ca nhit im trn cng v im di cng ca du.
Trong khi o in tr ngui xc nh tng nhit, phi thc hin cc n lc c bit xc
nh chnh xc nhit trung bnh ca cun dy. V vy, chnh lch nhit gia im trn cng
v im di cng ca du phi nh. t c kt qu ny nhanh hn, c th dng bm
cho du tun hon.
10.3. o t s in p v kim tra lch pha
T s in p phi c o trn mi nc iu chnh. Phi c kim tra cc tnh ca cc my
bin p mt pha v k hiu u ni ca my bin p ba pha.
10.4. o tr khng ngn mch v tn tht c ti
Tr khng ngn mch v tn tht c ti ca cp cun dy phi c o ti tn s danh nh vi
in p xp x hnh sin t vo cc u ni ca mt cun dy, vi cc u ni ca cun dy cn
li ni tt, v h mch vi cun dy khc, nu c. ( chn nc iu chnh cho th nghim,
xem 5.5 v 5.6). Dng in cung cp phi bng dng in danh nh lin quan (dng in nc
iu chnh) nhng khng c nh hn 50%. Php o cn c thc hin nhanh chng
tng nhit khng gy ra cc sai s ng k. Chnh lch nhit gia im cao nht v im
thp nht ca du phi nh cho php xc nh chnh xc nhit trung bnh. Nu h thng
lm mt l OF hoc OD, c th dng bm trn ln du.
Gi tr o ca tn tht c ti phi nhn vi bnh phng ca t s dng in danh nh (dng
in nc iu chnh) v dng in th nghim. Gi tr t c cn phi c quy v nhit
chun (10.1). Tn tht I2R (R l in tr o bng dng in mt chiu) c ly khi thay i trc
tip in tr cun dy v tt c cc tn tht khc thay i ngc vi in tr cun dy. Cch o
in tr cun dy phi c thc hin theo 10.2. Quy trnh hiu chnh nhit c nu trong
ph lc E.
Tr khng ngn mch c th hin bng in khng v in tr xoay chiu ni tip nhau. Tr
khng ny c quy v nhit chun vi gi thit rng in khng l hng s v in tr xoay
chiu sinh ra t tn tht c ti thay i nh trnh by trn.
my bin p c cun dy c nc iu chnh vi di iu chnh vt qu 5%, tr khng ngn
mch phi c o trn nc iu chnh chnh v hai nc iu chnh bin.
my bin p c ba cun dy, cch o c thc hin trn ba t hp hai cun dy khc nhau.
Kt qu c tnh li bng cch xem xt tr khng v tn tht ca mi cun dy ring (xem IEC
60076-8). Tn tht tng ca cc trng hp mang ti quy nh gm tt c cc cun dy ny
c xc nh mt cch tng ng.
CH THCH 1: i vi cc my bin p c hai cun dy th cp c cng cng sut danh nh v
in p danh nh v tr khng bng vi cun s cp (i khi gi l 'my bin p c cun dy
th cp kp'), c th tha thun kho st trng hp ph ti i xng theo mt th nghim
thm bng cch ni tt ng thi hai cun dy th cp.
CH THCH 2: Cch o tn tht c ti trn my bin p ln i hi phi thn trng v vi thit b
o tt v my bin p ln c h s cng sut thp v dng in th nghim thng ln. Vic hiu
chnh i vi cc sai s my bin p o lng v i vi in tr ca cc mch ni th nghim
phi c p dng tr khi chng thc s khng ng k (xem IEC 60076-8).
10.5. o tn tht v dng in khng ti
Tn tht khng ti v dng in khng ti phi c o trn mt trong cc cun dy tn s
danh nh v in p tng ng vi in p danh nh nu th nghim c thc hin nc
iu chnh chnh, hoc tng ng vi in p nc iu chnh nu th nghim c thc hin
trn nc iu chnh khc. Cun dy hoc cc cun dy cn li phi h mch v bt k cun
dy no ni tam gic h th phi u ni theo tam gic kn.
My bin p phi xp x nhit mi trng nh my ch to.

i vi my bin p ba pha, vic chn cun dy v cch u ni vi ngun cng sut th

nghim phi c thc hin cung cp in p hnh sin v i xng n mc c th qua ba li
c dy qun.
in p th nghim phi c iu chnh bng mt vnmt o gi tr trung bnh ca in p
nhng phi c khc c c gi tr hiu dng ca in p hnh sin c cng gi tr trung
bnh. Gi tr c c t vnmt ny l U'.
ng thi, vnmt o gi tr hiu dng ca in p phi c ni song song vi vnmt o gi tr
trung bnh v in p U m vnmt ny ch phi c ghi li.
Khi th nghim my bin p ba pha, phi o in p gia cc u ni pha, nu cun dy ni tam
gic c ng in v gia u ni pha v u ni trung tnh nu cun dy ni YN hoc ZN
c ng in.
Dng sng in p th nghim l tha mn nu gi tr c U' v U l bng nhau vi dung sai
trong phm vi 3%.
CH THCH: Nhn thy rng cc my bin p mt pha cng sut thng i hi iu kin mang
ti nng n nht i vi chnh xc ca ngun in p th nghim.
Tn tht khng ti o c l Pm, v tn tht khng ti hiu chnh c ly bng:
P0 = Pm (1 + d)

U' U
(thng l m)
U'

Nu chnh lch gia cc gi tr c t vnmt ln hn 3% th hiu lc ca th nghim cn c

tha thun.
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng in khng ti c o ng thi vi tn tht. i vi my bin p ba
pha, phi ly gi tr c trung bnh ca ba pha.
CH THCH: Khi chn a im th nghim khng ti theo quy trnh th nghim hon chnh, nn
ch l cc php o tn tht khng ti tin hnh trc cc th nghim xung v/hoc th nghim
tng nhit ni chung l c tnh i din ca mc tn tht trung bnh khi my vn hnh trong
thi gian di. Php o sau cc th nghim khc i khi cho thy cc gi tr cao hn do s nh ra
gia cc ra ca phin mng trong th nghim xung v.v. Cc php o ny t mang tnh i din
cho cc tn tht khi my vn hnh.
10.6. o sng hi ca dng in khng ti
Cc sng hi ca dng in khng ti c o trn c ba pha v bin ca sng hi c biu
din bng phn trm ca thnh phn c bn.
10.7. o (cc) tr khng th t khng trn my bin p ba pha
Tr khng th t khng c o ti tn s danh nh gia cc u ni pha ca cun dy ni sao
hoc ni ziczac ni vi nhau, v u ni trung tnh ca n. Tr khng ny c tnh bng m cho
mi pha v c tnh bng 3 U/I, trong U l in p th nghim v I l dng in th nghim.
Phi nu dng in th nghim mi pha l I/3.
Phi m bo rng dng in trong dy trung tnh tng ng vi kh nng mang dng ca dy
trung tnh .
Trong trng hp my bin p c cun dy ni tam gic ph, gi tr ca dng in th nghim
phi sao cho dng in trong cun dy ni tam gic khng c qu ln, c tnh n thi
gian duy tr dng in.
Nu khng c cun dy cn bng cc ampe vng trong h thng th t khng, v d trong my
bin p ni sao - sao khng c cun dy ni tam gic, in p t vo khng c vt qu in

p pha - trung tnh khi hot ng bnh thng. Dng in trn dy trung tnh v thi gian duy tr
phi c gii hn trnh qu nhit ca phn cu to bng kim loi.
Trong trng hp my bin p c nhiu hn mt cun dy ni sao c u ni trung tnh, tr
khng th t khng ph thuc vo cch u ni (xem 3.7.3) v cc th nghim c thc hin
phi c tha thun gia nh ch to v ngi mua.
My bin p t ngu c u ni trung tnh ni t c nh phi c xem nh l cc my bin
p bnh thng c hai cun dy ni sao. V vy, cun dy ni tip v cun dy chung cng to
thnh mt mch o v ring cun dy chung to thnh mt mch o khc. Cc php o c
thc hin vi dng in khng vt qu hiu cc dng in danh nh gia pha in p thp v
pha in p cao.
CH THCH 1: Trong iu kin khng c cun dy cn bng cc ampe vng, quan h gia in
p v dng in thng khng tuyn tnh. Trong trng hp ny, mt s php o c gi tr dng
in khc nhau c th cho cc thng tin hu dng.
CH THCH 2: Tr khng th t khng ph thuc vo s b tr vt l ca cc cun dy v cc
mch t, do cc php o tin hnh trn cc cun dy khc nhau c th khng ph hp vi
nhau.
10.8. Th nghim trn cc b chuyn i nc iu chnh c ti
10.8.1. Th nghim vn hnh
Khi b chuyn i nc iu chnh c lp hon chnh vo my bin p, th t thao tc sau
y phi c tin hnh khng c s c:
a) vi my bin p khng mang in, c tm chu trnh lm vic hon chnh (mt chu trnh lm
vic i t mt u ca di iu chnh n u kia ca di iu chnh v quay ngc tr li).
b) vi my bin p khng mang in, v vi in p ph gim bng 85% in p danh nh ca
my bin p , c mt chu trnh lm vic hon chnh.
c) vi my bin p ng in in p v tn s danh nh trong trng thi khng ti, c mt
chu trnh lm vic hon chnh.
d) vi mt cun dy ni tt, dng in trong cun dy c nc iu chnh cng gn dng in
danh nh cng tt, mi thao tc chuyn i nc iu chnh qua khong ca hai nc v mi
pha, k t v tr m b la chn th hoc b i chiu hot ng hoc bt u t nc iu
chnh gia.
10.8.2. Th nghim cch in cc mch ph
Sau khi b chuyn i nc iu chnh c lp vo my bin p, mt th nghim tn s cng
nghip phi c p dng cho cc mch ph nh quy nh trong TCVN 6306-3 (IEC 60076-3).
11. Tng thch in t (EMC)
My bin p in lc phi c xem l cc linh kin th ng i vi pht x v min nhim in
t
CH THCH 1: Mt s thit b ph c th d b nh hng bi nhiu in t.
CH THCH 2: Cc linh kin th ng khng c kh nng gy ra cc nhiu in t v tnh nng
ca chng khng th b nh hng bi cc nhiu ny.

PH LC A
(quy nh)
Thng tin cn thit trong bn yu cu v n t hng
A.1. Cc thng s c trng v cc d liu chung

A.1.1. Thng tin thng thng

Cc thng tin di y phi c a ra trong mi trng hp
a) Cc quy nh c th m my bin p phi tun th.
b) Loi my bin p, v d nh my bin p c cun dy ring bit, my bin p t ngu hoc
my bin p kch p.
c) My bin p mt pha hoc ba pha
d) S pha ca li in.
e) Tn s
f) My bin p loi kh hoc my bin p loi ngm trong du. Nu l loi ngm du th phi ch
r l du khong hoc l cht lng tng hp cch in. Nu l loi kh th phi ghi cp bo v
(xem IEC 60529).
g) Loi trong nh hoc ngoi tri.
h) Phng php lm mt.
i) Cng sut danh nh ca mi cun dy v i vi di iu chnh qu 5%, cn nu nc iu
chnh dng in ln nht quy nh, nu c.
Nu my bin p c quy nh c nhiu phng php lm mt thay i, cc gi tr cng sut
thp hn tng ng phi c quy nh cng vi cng sut danh nh (tng ng vi phng
php lm mt hiu qu nht).
j) in p danh nh i vi mi cun dy.
k) i vi my bin p c nc iu chnh:
- cun dy no l cun c nc iu chnh, s lng nc iu chnh, v di iu chnh hoc bc
iu chnh;
- b chuyn i nc iu chnh l loi 'c ti' hay 'ct mch';
nu di iu chnh qu 5%, cn nu loi iu chnh in p, v v tr nc iu chnh dng in
ln nht, nu c, xem 5.4.
l) in p cao nht i vi thit b (Um) cho mi cun dy (v cch in, xem TCVN 6306-3 (IEC
60076-3)).
m) Phng php ni t h thng (i vi mi cun dy).
n) Mc cch in (xem TCVN 6306-3 (IEC 60076-3)), i vi mi cun dy.
o) K hiu u ni v u ni trung tnh, nu c yu cu cho mi cun dy.
p) c im ring v lp t, lp rp, vn chuyn v bc d. Cc hn ch v kch thc v khi
lng.
q) Chi tit v in p ngun cung cp ph (cho qut v my bm, b chuyn i nc iu chnh,
bo ng, v.v).
r) Cc ph tng c yu cu v s ch dn pha d dng c c ng h, tm thng s
c trng, b ch th mc du, v.v.
s) Loi h thng cha du.
t) i vi my bin p nhiu cun dy, cn nu cc t hp ph ti cng sut, khi cn th ch r
cc cng sut tc dng v phn khng ring r, c bit vi trng hp my bin p t ngu
nhiu cun dy.
A.1.2. Cc thng tin c bit
Cng c th cn nu cc thng tin b sung sau y:

a) Nu yu cu th nghim in p xung st, ch ra th nghim c bao gm th nghim sng ct

khng (xem TCVN 6306-3 (IEC 60076-3)).
b) C yu cu c cun dy n nh hay khng v nu c phi nu phng php ni t.
c) Tr khng ngn mch, hoc dy tr khng (xem ph lc C). i vi my bin p c nhiu
cun dy, phi nu tt c cc tr khng quy nh vi cc cp cun dy (cng vi cc thng s
c trng chun lin quan nu nh cc gi tr cho bng phn trm).
d) Dung sai v t s in p v tr khng ngn mch chn trong bng 1, hoc cc sai khc vi
cc gi tr cho trong bng .
e) My bin p c ni trc tip vi my pht hin in hoc qua mt thit b ng ct v c
chu iu kin ct ti hay khng.
f) My bin p ni trc tip hoc qua mt on dy ngn ca ng dy trn khng vo thit b
ng ct c cch in bng kh (GIS).
g) cao trn mc nc bin, nu nh qu 1000 m (3300 ft).
h) iu kin nhit mi trng c bit, (xem 1.2.1 b)) hoc gii hn v tun hon khng kh
lm mt.
i) Hot ng ng t ti ni lp t cn xem xt c th.
j) Cc gii hn c bit v khng gian lp t c th nh hng n cc khong cch cch in
v v tr cc u ni ca my bin p.
k) Dng sng ca dng in ph ti c bin dng mnh hay khng. D kin c mt ph ti ba
pha khng i xng hay khng. Trong c hai trng hp trn cn nu tht chi tit.
l) Cc my bin p phi chu qu dng thng xuyn, v d cc my bin p l hoc my bin p
dng cho thit b ko.
m) Chi tit v cc qu ti thng xuyn theo chu k d kin, ngoi cc qu ti c
cp 4.2 ( cho php xy dng cc thng s c trng ca cc ph kin ca my bin p)
n) Cc iu kin lm vic ngoi l khc.
o) Nu my bin p cho php i ni cun dy th phi ch ra cch i ni v vic u ni no
c yu cu khi xut xng.
p) Cc c tnh ngn mch ca li in (biu th bng cng sut hoc dng in ngn mch
hoc cc d liu v tr khng ca h thng) v cc gii hn c th nh hng n thit k ca
my bin p (xem TCVN 6305-5 (IEC 60076-5)).
q) C phi o mc n hay khng (xem IEC 60076-10).
r) Sc chu chn khng ca thng my bin p v c th l bnh du ph nu yu cu mt gi tr
xc nh.
s) Cc th nghim c bit cha cp n trn m c th c yu cu.
A.2. Vn hnh song song
Nu yu cu vn hnh song song vi cc my bin p c t trc th phi ch r v phi cho
cc thng tin sau y v my bin p c:
a) Cng sut danh nh.
b) T s in p danh nh.
c) T s in p tng ng vi nc iu chnh khng phi l nc iu chnh chnh.
d) Tn tht c ti dng in danh nh trn nc iu chnh chnh c quy v nhit chun
tng ng.

e) Tr khng ngn mch trn nc iu chnh chnh v t nht trn cc nc iu chnh bin, nu
di iu chnh ca cun dy c nc iu chnh qu 5%.
f) S u u ni, hoc k hiu u ni hoc c hai.
CH THCH: cc my bin p nhiu cun dy, thng i hi cc thng tin ph khc.

PH LC B
(tham kho)
Cc v d v quy nh k thut i vi cc my bin p c nc iu chnh
V d 1 - iu chnh in p t thng khng i (CFVV)
My bin p ba pha c cc thng s c trng 66 kV/20 kV; 40 MVA v di iu chnh l 10%
trn cun dy 66 kV vi 11 v tr iu chnh. Vit tt l: (66 5 x 2%)/ 20 kV.
loi iu chnh in p: CFVV
cng sut danh nh: 40 MVA
in p danh nh: 66 kV/20 kV
cun dy c nc iu chnh: 66 kV (di iu chnh 10%).
s v tr iu chnh: 11
Nu my bin p phi c nc iu chnh cng sut gim, v d, t nc iu chnh - 6%, thm:
nc iu chnh dng in ti a: nc - 6%
Dng in nc iu chnh ca cun dy in p cao (HV) khi b gii hn mc 372 A t nc
iu chnh - 6% n nc iu chnh bin - 10%, cng sut nc iu chnh gim xung cn
38,3 MVA.
V d 2 - iu chnh in p t thng thay i
My bin p ba pha c cc thng s c trng 66 kV/6 kV, 20 MVA v di iu chnh l +15%,
-5% trn cun dy in p cao nhng c in p nc iu chnh khng i i vi cun dy in
p cao v in p nc iu chnh thay i i vi cun dy in p thp, t:
6
6
6,32 kV n
5,22 kV
0,95
1,15

loi iu chnh in p: VFVV

cng sut danh nh: 20 MVA
in p danh nh: 66 kV/6 kV
cun dy c nc iu chnh: 66 kV (di iu chnh +15%, -5%).
s v tr iu chnh: 13
in p nc iu chnh ca cun dy 6 kV: 6,32 kV, 6 kV, 5,22 kV
Nu my bin p phi c nc iu chnh cng sut gim, cn thm, v d:
nc iu chnh dng in ti a: nc + 5%
'Dng in nc iu chnh' ca cun dy khng c nc iu chnh (LV) khi b gii hn mc
2020 A t nc iu chnh + 5% n nc iu chnh bin +15%, cng sut nc iu chnh
gim xung cn 18,3 MVA.
V d 3 - iu chnh in p t hp

My bin p ba pha c thng s c trng 160 kV/20 kV, 40 MVA v di iu chnh 15% trn
cun dy 160 kV. im chuyn i (nc iu chnh c in p ti a), l nc + 6%, v cng c
nc iu chnh dng in ti a trong vng CFVV l -9%:
cun dy c nc iu chnh: 160 kV, di iu chnh 10 x 1,5%.
Nc iu
chnh

T s in
p

in p nc iu chnh

Dng in nc iu
chnh

UHT

UBT

IHT

IBT

kV

kV

Cng sut
nc iu
chnh
S, MVA

1 (+15 %)

9,20

169,6

18,43

125,6

1 155

36,86

7 (+6 %)

8,48

169,6

20

136,2

1 155

40

11 (0 %)

160

20

144,4

1 155

40

17 (-9 %)

7,28

145,6

20

158,7

1 155

40

21 (-15 %)

6,80

136

20

158,7

1 080

37,4

CH THCH 1: hon chnh cc d liu i vi cc nc iu chnh trung gian, bng trn y c

th c s dng trn cc tm thng s c trng.
CH THCH 2: So snh quy nh ny vi quy nh ca CFVV l:
(160 15 %) / 20 kV - 40 MVA
iu khc nhau l in p nc iu chnh HV, theo v d ny, khng qu "in p cao nht ca
li" ca li cao p (HV) l 170 kV (gi tr tiu chun ha ca IEC). i lng 'in p cao nht
dng cho thit b' c c trng bi cch in ca cun dy, cng l 170 kV (xem TCVN 6306-3
(IEC 60076-3)).

PH LC C
(tham kho)
Quy nh k thut ca tr khng ngn mch bng cc ng gii hn

Gii hn trn l gi tr khng i ca tr khng ngn mch tnh bng phn trm, c xc nh
bng st p cho php ti ph ti quy nh v h s cng sut quy nh.

Gii hn di c xc nh bng qu dng cho php pha th cp trong qu trnh s c.

ng chm chm l v d v ng cong tr khng ngn mch ca my bin p tha mn quy
nh ny.
Hnh C.1 - V d v quy nh k thut ca tr khng ngn mch bng cc ng gii hn

PH LC D
(tham kho)
Cc t ni dy my bin p ba pha
Cc t ni dy thng dng

Cc quy c v bn v cng ging nh hnh 2 (iu 6) ca ni dung tiu chun.

CH THCH: Cn lu rng cc quy c ny khc vi cc quy c s dng trc y
hnh 5 ca IEC 60076-4 (1976)
Hnh D.1 - Cc t ni dy thng dng
T ni dy my bin p ba pha (tip theo v ht)
Cc t ni dy b sung

Cc quy c v bn v cng ging nh hnh 2 (iu 6) ca ni dung tiu chun.

CH THCH: Cn lu rng cc quy c ny khc vi cc quy c s dng trc y
hnh 5 ca IEC 60076-4 (1976)
Hnh D.2 - Cc t ni dy b sung

Hnh D.3 - Cc t ni dy ca my bin p ba pha t ngu bng k hiu t ni dy.

My bin p t ngu Ya0

Hnh D.4 - V d v ba my bin p mt pha u ni to thnh t my ba pha

(k hiu t ni dy Yd5)

PH LC E
(quy nh)
Hiu chun nhit theo tn tht c ti
Danh sch cc k hiu
Ch s 1 - cp n php o "in tr cun dy trng thi ngui" (10.2).
Ch s 2 - Th hin cc iu kin trong php o tn tht mang ti (10.4).
r

Th hin cc iu kin 'nhit chun' (10.1)

in tr

Nhit cun dy tnh bng 0C.

Tn tht mang ti

I
Dng in ph ti quy nh xc nh tn tht (dng in danh nh, dng in nc
iu chnh, cc gi tr quy nh ng vi cc trng hp ti c th).
Pa

"Tn tht ph"

Vic o in tr cun dy c thc hin nhit 1. Gi tr o c l R1.

Tn tht mang ti c o vi cun dy nhit trung bnh 2. Tn tht o c ng vi dng
in I l P2. Tn tht ny l kt hp ca 'tn tht in tr': I2R v 'tn tht ph': Pa2

R2 R1

235 2
(ng)
235 1

R2 R1

225 2
(nhm)
225 1

Pa2 = P2 - I2R2
Ti nhit chun r, in tr cun dy l Rr, tn tht ph l Par, ton b tn tht c ti l Pr.

Rr R1

235 r
(ng)
235 1

Par Pa 2

235 2
235 r

Rr R1

225 r
(nhm)
225 1

Par Pa 2

225 2
225 r

i vi cc my bin p loi ngm trong du c nhit chun l 75 0C, cc cng thc tr thnh
nh sau:

Rr R1

310
(ng)
235 1

Par Pa 2

235 2
310

Rr R1

300
(nhm)
225 1

Par Pa 2

225 2
300

Cui cng: Pr = I2Rr + Par

PH LC F
(tham kho)
Ti liu tham kho
ANSI/IEEE C 57.12.00, General requirements for liquid-immersed distribution, power and
regulating transformers (Yu cu chung i vi my bin p iu chnh, my bin p cng sut
v my bin p phn phi ngm trong cht lng).
IEC 60076-4:1976, Power transformers - Part 4: Tappings and connections (superseded by this
part of IEC 60076) (My bin p in lc - Phn 4: Cc nc iu chnh v t ni dy (c thay
bng tiu chun ny).