Doubly subscripted voltage notations are used in order to make a possible assumption of which has

a higher potential over the other between two assigned points across an element in a circuit. A
voltage that has a subscript notation (ie.

V AB ) means that point A is assumed to have the highest

potential with respect to point B. And also, point B is also assumed to be having the lowest potential
with respect to point A. The subscript notation
voltage reading as with

V BA

would also have the same magnitude of

V AB . The only difference would be in the polarity wherein one would be

having a reading of positive while the other one would be having a reading of negative.

V BA is

interpreted as point B assumed to have the highest potential with respect to point A. And also point
A is assumed to be having the lowest potential with respect to point B.

4.b.
A possible KVL equation would be

V ADV AB V BC V CD =0
Substituting the values

V AB=4.35V
V BC =2.432V
V CD =5.47V
V DA =1.370V
V AD=1.370 V
1.3704.352.432(5.47 )=0.058 V
The sum of the voltage is close to zero.
4.c.

A possible KVL equation would be

V EC V EA V ABV BC =0
Substituting the values

V CE =12 V
V EC =12V
V EA =5.17 V
V AB=4.26 V
V BC =2.432V
125.174.262.432=0.138
The sum of the voltage is close to zero.