Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2
:
[ (, , ).
[ ( ,
, , ).
10.
11.
12.
2
1
""
.
2003.
. 14: 1, 2
. 20: 1
1,2, 3
1
. 25:
1
. 28: 3, 4
1,2, 3
. 30: 4, 5
13.
14.
3
2
1
1. , , , = 2
= 2. : =
2
+
1
= 2 = .
2
1
, : = = 2 (1)
2
1
= 2 + = 3 = 3 =
3
(2)
2
: = 2 =
3
(2)
(3)
2
8 2
8 2
2 2
= 3
= 3
=3
= ...
2
8
2
+
+ 2 + 2
3
3
3
2. , , , , ,
, , . :
+
2
. = , .
. =
. : = + + =
+ +
=
2
2
+ 2 + ( + + ) + +
=
=
2
2
2
. :
= + = + =
.
= + =
3.
15.
+ =
+ = + =
2
2
.
:
: (90 )
: (180 )
(180 ) (90 ) = 180 90 + = 90
4.
5
.
2
:
5
180 = (90o ) 2 (180o ) = 5 (90 ) 360 2 = 450 5
2
5 2 = 450 360 3 = 90 = 30
5. 3
,
,
,
. x, y, Oz
,
, Oy A , ,
=.
: xOz
:
=
= y
yB
= 90o yB
= y
y
=
B
(1)
:
16.
(1)
= xB
+ By
= AB + y
= + y
= z
+ y
= yz
xy
2
2
.
y xz
= yz
= . :
xy
2
= 2x
= 2 ( y
xy
) = 2 90o = 180o
B
2
= 180 .
(1)
= 180 2
= 180 2 (180 ) = 180 360 + 2 = 2 180
AO
. xOy
AOB
6.
OB O .
:
B
= AOB AO
: xOy
2
:
= xO
yOA
= AOB AO = AOB AO
xOy
2
2
2
= 90o , :
OB O BO
y
A
= AOB AO = BO = 90 = 45o
xOy
2
2
2
7. , , .
,
, A
= A + .
= AB +
2
2
17.
:
1 :
, . :
=
+
+
= A +
+ =
2
2
+ 2
+
( A
+
+
) +
AB
+
A
=
=
=
2
2
2
2 :
, . :
=
=
= AB
A =
2
2
A
( AB
) + ( AB
A
) A
+
2AB
=
=
2
2
2
M
O
18.
4
3
2
1
:
. 1/9
.
.
10/9 .
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
1.
2.
O
O
xy
x y . ,
xy
O
.
O
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
3.
19.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
,, O
:
. O
.
O
. O
O
.
. O
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
. 90, 45.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
4.
20.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
5.
= 5
.
3
= 3 - 5
8
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
6.
AOB
O
O . , AOB
= 450 .
, O
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
21.
(,)
=
.
AB
7.
=
+
.
+
+
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
: =
+
.
+
+
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
8.
22.
5
4
3
2
1
1
. . .
( 12)
.
.
( 13)
20
:
. N
.
.
10 .
.
.
220.
( 12)
.
. , AB
. AB
= + B .
PM
2
-
B
B :
.
.
M=
2
( 13)
30
xx y, , z
yO,
Oz,
zOx
.
xx, xOy,
3, 2, 1, 6 , Oz xx .
( 25)
40
AB
AB
, .
( 25)