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سلسلة المعجزات
سلسلة المعجزات
17/11/02
14:12
Page 1
17/11/02
14:12
Page 3
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ARATIRMA
YAYINCILIK
Merkez Mahallesi, Cumhuriyet Caddesi,
Alimanolu Merkezi, No: 40 Zemin Kat
Gneli / stanbul - Turkey
Tel: (+90 212) 511 72 30
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KELEBEK MATBAACILIK
stanbul / Turkey
Tel: +90 212 6124835
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cc G S Yh ,gQGSGh JK h gQGe VQCG OLh GL e eY
VQCG RGJ e OLh jh dG Mf e cCG j cdG Ga G
a VQCd d RGdG GMC e cdG Gg CG dG HCG KCGh , cM
55
G
VQCG
cc Y Id bGh YQO G cc q
Y IG G g G cc qOD jh ,VQC G
,dG WG d jW Yh dG c jW
e B G S hO dG cdG Gg jh
M WS OD j dGh VQC G cc Y RdG
.jdG Aa GE
56
j hQg
L N d
YG cGdG
MGC h H dG
GJ Ie aeh
hGC f GC hO bO
eC d C N hGC Qb
YG RGdG
.dG
57
:VQC G Q e
:Y g fe cGC VQC G Q c d
VQCG ALQCG H GL Gc QGG hdG d
,G
:Y g fe bGC VQC G Q c dh
ALQCG H GL dG QGG hdG f
.G VQCG
AGS
G
N
:Y g cGC YdG g fc d h
Ic YH J G dG V cG jdG fd
h UYCGh HGhdG KCJ e IG hJ dH h ,GL
.G fdG
:Y g bGC IdG g fc dh
.VQCd NG dbCG KdG jTh c J
:VQC G HPG
:Y g ibGC VQC G HPG fc d
G RZ h feCG RZ e jG cGJ dP d
,VQCG cc Y IG HU dHh ,G dG
:Y g VGC fc dh
dH h AG e d G dG Ga dP d
.cdG Gg Y IG GfG
:dG Y VQC G H
:Y g cGC dG Gg c d
FG IQhdG UC h IOhdG IjT VQCG UC
,L Y cdG Gg ALQCG qj dH h ,c H
:Y g q bGC dG Gg c dh
AG IQhO UC h ,JdG IQGH VQCG bM
.cdG Gg Y IG efG h c N dG
:VQC G IdG S
:Y g S cGC VQC G IdG fc d
G dG e chCd c UeG
,IdG EG
:Y g q S bGC IdG g fc dh
J dH h e c fcdG G f
.cdG Gg Y IG
G dG AG h HQdG cGC K RZ c
dG g fc d
:Y g cGC
,Ic IOjR G dG IQGM OGOR
:Y g bGC fc dh
VfG G dG IQGM f
.Gc
:G dG chC G c
:Y g cGC dG g fc d
Ic dH fHQchQdG OGG h JdG bM
,GL
:Y g bGC dG g fc d h
,dG Y AMCG IQb ef
:hRhC G W S
:Y g S cGC dG g fc d
,Gc VfG VQCG S IQGM f
:Y g q bGC fc d h
h Gc YJQG VQCG S IQGM JQ
dG a TCG Ff ehG ef
.dG e eOdG
:VQC d WG G
:Y g TGC c d
,GL IjT Wehc MjQ d
:Y g VGC c dh
g dG dG jdG eCG VQCG ehe d
c h ,dG e ahe L Y IQY
.cdG Gg Y e IG J dG
:hdGB KC J
:Y g cGC c d
,Ic YH VQCG ALQCG G dG q d
:Y g bGC c dh
JQH JeY J NGdG IQGG QKBG CGd
HhdG jG G GC Jh .IQGG c
K ,e c fdG J dHh eCG hCG
. L EG cdG j
h chC G f
:G dG LhdG
:Y g cGC f fc d
,dH GQV d J IQH JG ddG YS OGOR
:Y g bGC fc dh
.jCG dH GQV d J IQH JG ddG g CHC
ce IOLG dG OG f GE
J JYJ YSh fh VQC G
WG G J e eGY
Qc G Gg jh ,VQC d bGdG
G YTE G e VQC d Gh
. IG LC Gh
62
j hQg
Y Sh jH jh .JM Y d
:dH eCG Gg
Gqde J VQCG IGf qEG
Y Jb j IQGd
Jh ,jhdG YTEG
SM
q RGH IGqdG g
qdG Gg c dh ...Gq L
CHCG H j
J CG GQq dG YSG
dch ... G T
j q dHh jG fG
G J
q q K eh cG f
c dh...VQCd hG WG
VGac Y g cCG YH j dG Gg
Ie fcdG dG fd VQCd cCG YTEG Obh OLd
Xe IOjR e G dG ac IOjR EG dH jODe dG
q AV LMh AdG
.(32) VQCG RdGh fcdG GQfG
Ggh ,dG IdEG q dH GL e dG Gg Y j dG WG Gh
U GP UY Y j VQCG ca .f cP c VQCG fe e Tf G
FS jh LQN :jCGL e dCj qfC H VQCG ce jh ,dGh jc We
GQhq dG Gg e jh dG H M GQhj BGG Ggh ,U jh NGO NBGh
G Gg KCJ h ,We Cj qdHh dG OG Y WG qG e f
e j cdG Gd bGh eGM jh VQCd G
q dG QN M WG
e eOdG fdG YTEG QNCG g L eh ,LQG AdG e eOdG QNCG
M GG Gg KCJ h ,bGdG GG Gg J CG J h W J dGh dG
63
G```G ```S
dG
AGS
G
N
64
65
G```G ```S
66
j hQg
gh ,dG
q J dHh dG Y OGOJ e e IQGG OGR GPEG G S
fdG
q Y EG jODe dG e eOdG jQGG TCG e AL H J dG
q
.HdG Y a dG AGd IFGdG
Gg eh e YH gQ M fGQhO h dG
q Y VQCG H e eGa PEG
e IQH KDJ qc VQCG S J dG jQJ OLhh e LQH QG
.fEG I FGh IQGd G OhG K Yh VQCd QGG RGdG Y
bH h e dG Y VQCG H CG H GYG jj e H g
g CG G eh .dG e UCG hCG cCG dG LJ '':da Ic
cdG Ea dG e cCG dG g fc Ea .H UG dG JY dG
Y VQCG ae e cCG a ( T Y CG )dG dP Y J CG j Id FG
Gg L EaMBG Y M Qhj JH H cc g c EG a .dG
''e cc e Id Feh aGO j cdG
SdG M fC :gh e Mf e U Z HdG dG Lh qEG
QhO j FQh GKDe eY g C .e IQOdG TEG Yf Hh c H OLG
IQGM LQO EG aVEG G dG c g edG Ggh CG e IQOdG TEG Le
Fe GAVh dG a YTEG J a ,c e jOW SJ dG S
c fc a jJ je LQO 6000 S IQGM LQO c f AGG TCGh
.YCG S IQGM LQO fd Y g cCG dG
Y OGOJh S e IQOdG YTEd bdG je JJ dG g h
qC H SG EG fOj dG Ggh .G KCH j dGh dG a Ad TEG
IG ICdh .T d HQe c d j CG j Y IG ICd FG q dG
Y VQCG H QH T Y H GP j CG j dG Gd HdG cGdG MCG
j CG hCG QRCG hCG Y MCG EG HJ cc q GC Ea NBG Hh ,dG
dG MdG da ,Id We j CG d dG M e T Y GgX aNG
HJ cc CG Y IG ICd G dGh ,H dG
q g IG Ad We QYG
67
G```G ```S
.dG Y VQCG H g dG Gg
JQGeh H dG Mf e H j eh dGh VQCG CG f J e H
hdG C J c dEG jdH H j AT ch AdGh QOdG TEGh eh
h iNCG UJ gh .Ie H UdG aG QYG h ,fEG I FG
eRdGh WG jG Y h IOLe ch dGh VQCG H bd BH
.dH fEG dG Yj CG GG e Y J gh fEG I
dG
q g aOG CG IH dG a ,aOe C j CG d dG Gg e ATh
dG SG bGe NCdh jhdG GLCG d bdG Z GQdG J c
Wb dO EG d fdG FG gh .IG ICd SG hdG aCG Y dh
Yj e G cdG jBG h .a c Ad j a G Y Lh Y dG IQb Y
CG EG Yj e h GhdGh VQCG IOLG dG jBG HdGh dG EG fEG
:J b. dG g Y jh j
n r sdG p rjo p T r n rdG nYn i n n r SG s oKm js GnC ps p S pa n VQr nC rdG hn pGhn n s dG n nNn p sdG o sdG r oHs Qn sGE p }
68
G d dG dG
e j G Ga .Id Fe de N fH j VQCd G dG EG
HdG chCG K e bdG GRdG e %1h chCG %21h Lhf % 77
Ga ,dH chCG gh GRdG g gG H GC dh .iNCG GRZh cQCGh
AGLEG fEG SCGQ Yh G FdG LCG b e j fC GL q e RdG
Y fh chCd FGO LM f dG Gdh ,bdG fE FdG YdG
Y j f dG chCG f RGJ OLh g g gGh .dG jW Y
Michael Denton: jO je j OdG Gg h ,GL SM SCG
Fe j CGh chCG e YCG f Y G aZ j CG G e g
dG dG fh ,GL a Y chCG qC , dH ? fEG d
g OGR a ,gRh dGh fEG I dG dG g %21`dG CG G
.(34) %70 H YGdH HdG TG MG OGd FH GMGh dG
a jG AdG FNGh
jdG James Lovelock a L eCG
q
: Fb SG RGdG Gg UH
FGSG HdG ac FGG T %25 Y chCG f OGR d
eCG ... fEd AGdG T FdG G J dG JdG ac H dG dGh
.(35) IFdG Hh G M H bO RGJ SGH X a chCd dG dG
J fGa ,dG JQhO SGH j chCd bdG RGdG Gg qEG
fC ce cS a JdG eCG ,adG AKCG HdG chCG K Jh FGO IQH
g Jh ,AGdG Id QhdG chCG Jh HdG chCG K J
. AGdG EG ej chCG e WCG GQe WEH JdG
Y cc VQCG UC jG ddG f JdGh fGG fc d
GP G dG UC chCG J G FdG g fc d NBG h ,IG
EG cc j jdG h ,Ic FGM T IQGT Jh TG Y Fa UN
69
j hQg
Y g H cGC G dG chC G RZ f fc d
IU IQGT C .Y dG h j Y GE cc d
. QdG e T GE cc GL V FGM TE J
71
AG`dG a`c
G adH dG Gg c gh G dG OLG RGd iNCG Ie g
ach }dG S i{ FR e760 Oj G dG CG ha .d FG
50 Oa dG i AGdG HfG eCG ,dG GMGh eGZ OJ iG f AGdG
I jQhVh W FM H bQCG O d IOQGdG dG g qGE .AG HfG V
dM IOLG IG FG H j CG j AMCG J dG AGdG C fEG
.(36) dG ... G dGh HfGh adG QGe e
J AGdG eheh ,dG AKCG '' AGdG ehe '' Y d e bW J FdG EG
ehG g CG qGE ,cG dM e j CG hj KDe CG V AGdG jj dG fG
CG FdG J dG Gdh ,G d IGh iNCG FG f jd IU
Y HU OGOR b ehG g OGR dh ,LQN Jh NGdG EG AGdG J
dH AG S SGH f W H FdG Y VJ h ,dG AKCG FdG
PEG . e HfG bCGh AG e ac cCG da ,NGO EG dG S dG e dh
dG Y e j HfGh dGh adc G dG FN J q CG Ea
Sf CG f g :Cj FS
q Qh .W M NGO dG S UG Hdc
Z DhdG Gg qGE ? Fd dG GdG SJ CG iNCG IQHh dG G b e
Ic Me J dGh jdG dG GdG Y j SdG Gg e C e
CG CG ,d chCG e eRdG dG Y G FdG Jh ,FdG
EGh , e OhM b CG j dGh HfGh adc AGd IG FG
. IOGh G dG GP FG g j f dG AGdG
: OdG Gg jO je QahdG jh
dG HU e OGRh AGdG ehe OGd Y g cCG AGdG ac fc d
dM JOLG FdG SGH Id cCG e jQhdG dG Y Gh
MG H fQe jLCG dh... d RL J Sh G FdG LCG
73
G```G ```S
H cGC G dG HfGh ac fc d
h ,jd U dG Y UC Y g
SGH dG e c S HH FY J
. W M
b Y MH a chCG d G MGh G dG d G
Jh ,OGYCG N Y jd V h GM fLd fEG I Se e jOY
G dG cG eh dG OhG g V FG JG hdG L
.(37) jd ge GeCG j Ggh OhG g V IG F
ac S J H a AMCG d Fe d G d SG jG g EG
G dG fG dh ,(AG e Ic f Y jhM G ) bQRCG cc cc Ad
VQCG AS S FGdG QdG Gg EGh ,IdG FG G e dG OGd Je
G dG OGR d eCG ,VQCG IQGM LQO aQ EG ODS CG LLdG dG Y jh
74
j hQg
e dh G QdG f dH bh dG Y d dG Je V QG
MG g c CG qGE .Mb QU EG HdG
VQCG N JQb L dG C GHCG
cCGh IQU HCH dGh dGh
bO jRGe VQCG Lh ,Ge
fH dG H e J
d FG SdG
fS dG Yjh ,fEG
EG fEG G Hc Jh
VQCG IOLG JjBG dG
dG EG jEG YGO AdG h
dG dG g Y Th
:J b.
n nfhr n nJ mn Yn p r npH pG hn n s dG n an Qn p sdG o sdG}
w co n n n rdGhn n r s dG n s nS hn p T r n rdG nYn i n n r SG s oK
n V Qr nC rdG s en p sdG n go hn n o pboJ r oHu Qn Ap n p pH r osn nd p jn B G o un jo n er nC rdG o Hu n jo v n eo m Ln nC pd p r jn
pa sGE p Qn n s dG n r sdG p rjo p r n rKGp r Ln hr Rn n pa n n Ln pG n n sdG u co r pehn G Qk n rfGnC hn n p SGhn Qn n pa n n Ln hn
l p nfhn l Qr Rn hn m n Yr GnC r pe
l s Ln hn
l G Qn ph n n eo l n pbp V Qr nC rdG pahn nh o sn n jn m r n pd m jn B nd
n pdPn
mjn B nd
n pdPn pa sGE p p co oC rdG pam r Hn nYn n nr Hn o un ofhn mMp G hn Am n pH n r jo mG n r p U o r nZhn lG n r pU
(4-2/YdG ) | n op r jn m r n pd
75
FG AdG Ie
EGh ,H Y H GAV J fCH dG G FdG QOGh dG J
.Qe e G Ad LG dG UG NG e Hf NG Gg
Le W H da ,H a Gc aNG J FdG YTEd LG GWCGh
GL c jOGdG TEG Le Wh ( LG Ib YTEG e g dGh ) eZ TCG
e c g MT OH f dG IGh ,Ie Qe Qe Qe hCG 25 Ib10`H Qj
LG d SdG dG Gg V GL b AL GQ dG e G TCG
.dG AG Gg V LJ fEG I FG YTEG hCG AdG C , 25 Ib10{
,G LG GWCG H SdG dG g QYG H gNCG LGdG G dGh
25Ib10 bdGh ,Le W WCG e Ie 25Ib10 QG UCG j Le W bCa
Gg Y j bdG Gg ge a LCh ,GU hYh N fHh GMGh hj
ie a fQG H AGLEG j 10000000000000000000000000 dG
q
a.S Qe 4 hj VQCG Y CH dG G S Y .OdG Gg eVh g
M dG fCGH dh .fK 17 Ib10 hj fCG f GdG H jG dG Gg fcP
fCG VGaG Y VQCG Y V e100 Qb bh e S 25 Ib10 bQ EG dG
QdG d GQhCG e bQh 25Ib10 Vh dh ,bJ hHh GQfh d dG he
a }fdG QO{ J QN GQhCG g e YG g W e dG H a
.(38) VQCG e jDhQ dG dG f M H GL Ic
dG e GL jdG jdG Gg e Y YRe dG G LG GWCa
GL V f J dG e dEG eOdG YTEG CG g jdGh ,FdG jOdG
dW j dG e eOdG YTEG e FH S qGE h ,jOdG dG g V
h FG AdG :bCG KK EG YTEG g Jh ,hje 1^50-0^2 H LG
e Yf OdG Ic bCG g H Qh .dG a TCG h AGG TCG
iNCG IQHh ,dG GL IjdG LG GWCG V V GM j Y dh
76
j hQg
1025=
10.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000
dG G
AGG G
FG AdG
LG g OY Qjh dG ALQGC IG FdG LG iMGC j dG J dG AdG qGE
Gg Y IG FJ dG g Le 25 Ib10 e a IMGh Le GC jdGh , dG Le 25 Ib 10 `H
Q d dG J dG AdG qE ,GHGC ''aOG'' H J h Geh bQN J J cdG
. dG IOLG YTG e fjdG fjdG H e cdG Gg Y Fd Fa jH
77
Hh dG AV H G fG
FdG cdG Y
ILCG aCH IG GG bQCG AGG c Y j GeCG J CG JdG J
AdG
q GSH J a .dG je e FGdG dG GH JdG Jh .G
H qGE J dG g dh ,AGdG fE FdG cq dG Y AKCG dG
.jhdG dG g AGLE Fe dG e OdG AdG c
jL OLh g FdG cq dG Y AGLEG Ie JdG j dG AdGh
ahQdG dh.AdG SM fH J jG gh gjN ahQdG
gQhH dGh dG G LG GWCG GP FdG TCG SG iS J
GWCG g OLh j VG G fGh .LG GWCG g gAV V qJ
.dG 25 Ib 10 gOY j OdG Fg Le GWCG V e a MGh AL LG
cdG qY GME RqdG AdG d e Fe dG e G AdG c qEG
George jjc QL ceCG dG jh .jd G GeCG j FdG
: Fb '' adG dG'' Hc eCG Gg YGreenstein
Gg GNh...ahQdG jL g FdG cdG H J dG jG qEG
Gg hM LCh ,dG Ad ahQdG UeG H GC J FdG cdG
W e Z SG Z dGh ,SG qdH AdG Gg j CG j UeG
Y GQOb j CG j jdG :JBG G OQf eCG dh .dG g AGLEG
Hb fZ dh ,TdG Y e Ib IQdG J c e OOH dG SG
Y j AdG fh ,TdG e IQdG N NBG OOJ Y SG
j ahQdGh jdG SQEG J da ,FdG cdG
H J dGh ahQdG j a ,SQEG Gd G jdG H
dG e eOdG FdG TCG EG ff a ,FdG cdG Y KM OOdG
.(40) dG g GME jQhV J dG GdCG f g fGdCG CG cQOC
78
80
AV
dG
jOcBjK
A dH JG YdG
A dH JG Z YdG
dc IQGhO
JdG GQhC G dG AV j
dHh ,NGdG dG GE Gaf
OLG ahQdG j
GQhC d AGG GSdG
bW GE FdG bdG jH
GSH JdG Jh .Fc
qGE .FGZ fGE GQa bdG g
GQdG g IOLG eG
AdG e bSG HdG dG
e hC G dG GW Ic KHGC
g Hc qGE h , jdG dG
Ic U C dH dG
YdG Jh Id QdG e
fGL gh ,UG FdG
cdG Y H J
JdG g qGC Y ,FdG
e dG g AGLGE Ie
fe C N qGC hOh q dG je
. AGdGh chC G dh d
g h FG TC G GE
V e IMGh TGC g dG
10 gOY j TC G e OY
gh .dG TGC 25 Ib
J dG TC G g FG TC G
.g dG
, Le W 25Ib10 H e d Fe Ad
q dG
q TEa ,eh QN DhJ
Y AGLEG eGSGh AdG Gg S VQCG Y cdG Ie jL OLhh
.Jh fS dG eCH GOLe DhdG Gg c Y Wb dO g FdG cdG
81
dG AV Hh dG H G fG
IY e dCjh ''FG AdG''`H
Yj dG SM
q
q GSH jDhQ G AdG
q qEG
bO dh .LG GWCG g V j dG
q dG e c ALh ,e Le GWCG
gh .fJdG Y qdG
q jN IQb g jDhdG hM SSCG qCG fLd eCG Gg
Gg j a qGE h ,HS IQcG LG GWCG V j CG JdG Y j
jN Y e KCJ GMEG j dG c h Gq L GjT hCG GL V eq EG JdG
W eAe ie g q G h ,G Gg T j a U hCG dG M c eq GC ,q dG
.G JdG Le
jG Jh ,jdG jG g G jd SSCG AdG OGe qCG G e h
SG jGh cG gh ,Jeh Hd jhdG cG e jdG
GWCG Y Le GWCG q CG jdG jG g e dCJ dGh Ad
hdG ah IAH J dG Y LJ CG RjEHh .FG Ad LG
.GHCG FG Z AdG J CG d h cc Y IOLG
Jh LG GWCG e e GOhM hCG iJ CG dG J dd fh
dG e e AV QhU ) edG jg OLh J OGjEG h .d FG AdG
q
.Lh Y dG IQH G H J H aOG H ( d Fe Y OLhh
Nature dG e'' Hc dH VG Gg jO je QahdG hjh
,FG AdG
q iS q CG J jdG jG e fG dG CG GqcDe ''Destiny
jh GHCG FG Z AdG CG L Vhe iNCG FN d d jf h
: OdG Gg
Fg bW YTEG qGE d ec TCGh dG TCGh dG a TCG EG
QV a jhG Le bHh AGG TCG qeGC ,Ie jeJ IQb GPh
V bW a jjOGdG LGh AGG e jdG TCG qeCG h ,IG Y dH
g WehdG dG e FG AG CG J jh... g h GL
82
83
G d gG FfG UG
e FN dG e eOdG YTEG qEa HdG
q QdG
q fcP c
gRhJ e YH VQCG EG dUh j dh VQCG Lh Y IG YJ
VQCG H LQG AdG e eOdG YTEa .G dG g qdH d HdGh
g fc FfG jPf GP G dG j dh ,hCG G dG e CG j
Tc j e UH j G dGh .GHCG IFa GP YTEG
. VQCG f dN e gPf b YTEd
e YTE EG j G dG qGC J eCG jRYEG IgdGh
a IQdGh fdG YTEG bH eCG .AGG e jdG TCGh FG Adc PdH
YTEG hCG Ad Te hCG e Y G dG jh .QhH GHCG d j
:j c eCG Gg jO QahdG jh .G FdG
AdG e eOdG YTEG ac UeH J G dG J dG GRdG EG
,GL dY IAH UeG Gg jh AGG e jdG TCGh FG AdG GY
e jdG TCGh FG Ad G dG S g fd G eCGh
.AdG QGZCG e JBG LG GWCG e FdG dG H e dN e PdH AGG
ddG GOOdG GP bdG YTEGh ec TCG h dG a TCG OJh
. (43) VQCG S EG J
H e d Se GAV q J da
q ,eeCG OG QG G CG G eh
PdH SG AdG Gd dH
q QhH q G dG jh ,TEd MG 25 Ib10
LH j q dh dG
q e dEG j dG a TCG e b gh .dN e
.hRhCG W e
.Ad FfG jPdG UN
q gh eCG GH U GP J q e iNCG f gh
GQe J dGh AGG e jdG TCG M.a FG AdG Qh j Aa
84
j hQg
Qd LQG dG
q qEa dd .a Ge d EG AG N J IQGd
Ggh dG
q TC VJ f j dG g iNCG q FG qGh Gh
85
G```G ```S
86
j hQg
87
88
j hQg
e c j c dh ,GHGC a Uj h AG a dG j Gd a q d Vj dG g S C H G J
e H AG dG Z d NGB h ,GhdG Y IQGG LQO VfG Y OGOJ ac fc d GC FGdG
e d RY GQhO J AG S Ie W OLh dh.SC G e Gh QdG d Y W
QdGh GdG L S G fc Ggh . YC G f SC G e S c dG Gg E a,SC G
dG IG T Y KD S eC G Ggh .a IG OLh j GC .G e V c GE Jh Gh
.d e Y GE cc d jOY cS j AG c d RjE Hh. FG IG T e HGd
89
G```G ```S
Gh QdG ac SCG e GC S q dG c dG g
, dRY K W OLh d YCG f S ch ,GdGh
e b S ch ,V K c Gh QdG S Ggh
dG W Ea IQGG LQO JQG d Mh dG a FdG AG
FdG a J CG Gg e Yh .JQG GH KCJ dG
e FG b H J CG jdG Fd dHh ,G
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SG fGG b e jEG e b Og d G S a ,VGfG Yh dG hdG
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.e N EG d Cc ,NBG EG T e jEG QJ CG J dBG g dh .hdG jS
dP j c f jhQGO M h ,Qd Sc ''dG fG'' J dG
q Gd
dG fG Ea HjEG GJ J W'' :j '' GfCG UCG '' Hc V H OaCGh
.(73)''G VdH j
Qe KC J
jhQGO LCGh ? HjEG GdG g S fc c :f j dG GDdGh
AMCG Y Qe h ,Qe e Y LQ e S e QaCG EG GOSG GDdG Gg Y
EG KQJh jgX GJ J AMCG CG Yj c GH jhQGO b eh TY fa
Mh ,IjL GfCG QX EG qOGC L H L GdG g cGJ ch MqdG LCG
MCG Y ddG QTCG GQhCG Y d Jh f dG e Cf aGQq dG qEa FYOG
e Ob UCG G CG YOq G a ''GfCG UCG'' Hc He eCG jhQGO YCGh .jW
CG qGE .(74) NBGh G H AG EG hdG EG Ie FG FdG Y iJ fc dG HdG
131
G```G ```S
132
j hQg
QSG b
S
Y
a
KGQh GW GMGE Y jdG dG e e jhQGdG GC O d
dG QdG g qGC Z ,GdG g FGa KE HqdG Y j
IQdGh .Ubh jeh q e HH iS C J dG Gd SG
GE IQdG eGC ,dG H cdG HHP SGC Q QdG GE YC G
.KGQdG GdG e QJ b h cdG HHP a dG
133
G```G ```S
jhQGO eGB N
Y j dh BG Mh Y SdG dG e e GL Ic Jh jM jLCG
Y G dG GG KCG bh ,'' dfG TCG hCG SdG G '' d KCG CG
EG X b YGfCG AMCG L CG e jhQGdG bj c e Y jG f
. IQU cCG Yh ICa OLdG
FNCG W.Ager Derek jGh jjO gh qjhQGdG IZ MCG G H YG bh
:Fb GG Y jdG
UCG hCG GfCG ie Y AGS ec M Fc Y dM g G e qEG
d KCG qCG Y QdG hO ehO LGh dG gh ,G Gd J Y
.(77) jQJ IQG bG
Ggh .dfG TCd OLh CG hO ICa ac AMCG QX d J GG CG CG
Qd MdG dG C b G FdG g c Y J Ggh ,W jhQGO YOG e Y
Qe AMCG Y b b G gh ,b j CG g e L d j CG hO ICa M Fc
:j dG Douglas Futuyama Ja SZhO e
eq EG AMCa ,AMCG OLh d dG fO GFS GJ hCG ee QdGh G qEG
gQJ f X fCG CG ,dc J hCG IQU cCG Y dG Lh Y ICa Lh
dG ec IQHh ICa X b fc EGh ,OLdG S OGLCG hCG GfCG Y
134
j hQg
cGC GG S J
C QdG jf QfG eGC fe
FdG qGC J q dG g
Hh IC a X b G
qGC g j GC hO hG
h .jQJ H GfC OLh hGC
Y GcC J J G g qGE
G FdG GfGC L qGC
.b
fE G Qd G dG
Gg h ,fEG UCG TH g QdG jf V Td MhG VGG gCG e qEG
VG TY OdH T M Fc e GQe C f G fEG CH jhQGdG YJ OdG
N dG TCG H OLh jdG YJh S je 5-4 b CGH QdG Iah ,dG
: gh fEG QJ Y V FQ e HQCG g G AYOEG Gg Mh ,IQcG IdG
. SHdGShCG-1
. Hg eg-2
. SjQG eg-3
135
G```G ```S
YJ Ie jH jGC LJ
E a dHh ,fE G QJ qjf
M OL h J GG g
H Rh jJ hGC Ua
g e ZdHh OdG h fE G
GdGR e jhQGdG E a G
H SGH jH e
, q G PdGh dG SqdG
SdG g Y j gh
dG eGh qdG PdGh
QhJ dGh dG gAGQGB J
fE G H M Fc OLh M
.OdG h
. HS eg-4
,G Ob hCG '' cSdGShCG '' SG G fEd YCG G Y QdG IYO j
dG HCG KCG bh ,G OhdG GfCG e V`e f iS d bG g dh
dS OQdG jdGh Charles Oxnard OQchCG dQJ QahdG jeCG e qc gGLCG
G FdG Gg EG G Ob Y jdG AY TCG e gchSolly Zuckerman eNGR
.(79) fEH IH d bY h OhdG e Ve f EG ge
ac h ,fEG hCG ''eg'' SG jhQGdG b e Y j G Ob J dG MGh
VH jhQGdG jh ,G Ob e GQJ cCG G FdG UCG ''eg '' `dG MGe
Gg e OLh Y GcCJh jf U Y dc VG GfCG H UG GG
GfCG g H QJ HGQ CG OLh BG EG j fC N fh ,G QdG hG
je fQCG gh jdG dG QdG jf IYO MCG H YG dG dG g h .G
.(80)'' IOe H G e jS eg EG IG dG qEG'' :Fb Ernest Mayer
136
j hQg
137
G```G ```S
PC Gh dG bGdG dG
e bGdG iG Gg OLh c gh NBG eCG J Y dG J QqdG jf qEG
AGOCG c Y RjEH dh f fYO dG Ve T bh .PCG hCG dG AGS dG
AdG Ggh ,He IQH dG T Y j e L e G Ada ,QHEG Xd dG
OLG QHEG ce EG aJ FHc GQTEG EG dG IOLG jG jW Y j
e G dd IQU EG jh GQTpE G g J j YdG e S Hh ,G INDe
,AdG Y j G qEG :JCj ch b d LG VGSG Gg H h .QHEG ce b
EG UdG GHCG j iMCH hCG ,NGO ddG j AdGh ,e e NGO CG CG
cG Gg SGH QHEG j AG dh , X ceCG TCG e c Qh ,QHEG ce
G dG Y j ge LQO EG VGhh GOM QHEG Gg c EG aVEG ,dG jdG
e GhfGh jjCG H dG dG EG GhfG a ,d e j CG jdGh OG dG
CG IQdG AdG Gg EG ?BG fhJ dc IQdG MVhh AU jCGQ g dM
S100 e CGH j YQdG SG GReh .BG M U jJ MCG M ij
IQJh jdG TT EG iNCG Ie GhfG h ,fH BG fhJ dc IQU AU Y d
IQdG AU Mf e JQdG H ST a g, jjCG H dG dG EG iNCG
Ka fH fhJ dG IQdG qeCG OHCG FK fjdG IQdG c EG aVEG ,MVhh
.() OHCG
OHCG KK JQU jdG ILCG fE IjY GS e jQeh HCG gh
dh jdG Gg U fEG h ,fEG Y J dG IQdG gJh
d U OHCG KK IQdG c EG aVEG ,UN IQf GSH EG TT Y QdG
q Ige
IQU J CG GHCG h ,Qh b fCc hJ LGdGh Te hJ IQdG a ,EG
J CGh H jdG hCG GedG fJ dG IQda ,fEG Y fJ dG IQd ge
J IGh AdG Gg CG jhQGdG Yj g .FU e GAL J hCG AdG H Te
138
j hQg
139
G```G ```S
?G dGh dH UG QdG Oj
GUCG EG j hCG dM e GdCG gGdG dG Gg gjh G NGO Lj dG e
? cdG QgdG FGQ j hCG IKDG fdG SG hCG QdG
G EG gJ dGh PCGh fCG IOLG G AYCG e eOdG FHdG GQTEa
Y c IAGb jW Y G IQU EG FHdG IQTEG c Y j CG Ad h
CG eCG GH J M g dh ,jG AdG hCG jG AjdG Y hCG AMCG
UN f G Lj fC ? G NGO j hCG ij hCG j dG GP e ,Qe CG gh
? G dG Gg Oj ,fCG hCG PCG hCG Y EG LG hO dGh dGh QHEG j
dG EG j hda ,G dG dG N dG hdG EG g e G dG Gg EG
Gg CG M.dP e HCG g a d G EG j h j c PCG EG j h j c
jdG jhQGdG j dd dG jG hCG YCG e G G EG Oj G dG
. SCG g Y HLEG Y IOG g AT c UCG CG j
J G e e GS Ia , dG G g eCG e j CG fEG a
CG fEG a QdG jdG IQH GdCG gRCGh ,(OHCG KK ) H FdG QHEG
.dEG jh dG g Y jh jh HQ j
jOe IY
bJ ieh dG gGdGh dOCG e bJ ieh QdH UG jdG VSG d
ad QdG KCdG GfG c jCG VSGh ,dG YGdG e IG UCH G ga
TCG OLh J G QKBG jCG OLh GfGh jdG g dEG YJ dG QdG dBG
dG Y dG IQhV EG Uf dG Gd ,jQdG Y Id SdG G hCG dfG
Y iNCG jf fG c J CG Hh ,dGh dG YGb e be J dG jdH
jdG g AH Y Y QGUEG g dh .dG ce VQCG CG H YOG dGh jQdG
dG Y g fCH jd f CG jh eJ iOj dG gh dG GMCG LGh
. AdGh
,Y dG eQU IY gQYGh jdG d G H J j dGh
Jh YCG JG OG dH e H jOG SQG e Hf fCH gJ j G gh
140
j hQg
.d MdG OG dG jhQGdG
Richard Lewontin fdO QjQ j c ,HdG H G g J fMCGh
jf Y SdG aGG e g h OQaQg eL j dGh G Y MdG TCG
: Y LQ K jOe f jh QdG
H WJQGh jOG dH G EG Ggh S H e ATCH eDfh ,jOH eDf f''
dG YGb dh .dG gdG jOe geh jOe GJ f j dG g
GJ OjE jQG HCG d OhdG YO S g jOH G fEGh .,DhOeh
CG GHCG a e U U jOG dh ,Y LJ dG gGdG ad jOe
.(85)''GMCG LGh EG J CG dEG Gd f
, AdG ADd jOG dH YCG JQGh FZhdG ie J dG g EG
Z OGG CH eDj dG Gdh , IOG Z AT g Lj fCG jdG g UCG IZ jh
aGQdGh ASCGh Qdc G GfCG e jG CG CG ,G OGG OLh S g G
dG NGdG d Lf EG d fEG Mh Gh QgdGh QTCGh GGh QdGh
VQj OYG Gg CG bGdGh .YGdGh YdGh G c W eGY H IOG Y GC W
'' aGgC eN FGQBG Y aGj GdGRe jhQGdG CG EG , dGh dG YGb e e
.'' GMCG LGh EG J CG dEG Gd f CG GHCG
WdG G ij CG d H jOe Z f Lh e AMCG UCG b EG j fEG q c h
b e N CG d M Yh ge Ib KCH Lh b G FdG ac qEG ,dc
G. a c d bh dG e AT c N dG jdG dG dG g dG Ggh ,d dN
141
LGG
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142