Masw Wigni 5 KL

guram gogiSvili, Teimuraz vefxvaZe
ia mebonia, lamara qurCiSvili
maTematika
V
klasi
maswavleblis wigni
redaqtori Teimuraz vefxvaZe
gamomcemloba inteleqti
Tbilisi 2011
guram gogiSvili, Teimuraz vefxvaZe,

ia mebonia, lamara qurCiSvili
maTematika
V klasi
maswavleblis wigni
Tbilisi 2011
Guram Gogishvili, Teimuraz Vepkhvadze,

Ia Mebonia, Lamara Kurchishvili
M at h s V
Teacher's Book
Intelekti Publishers
Tbilisi 2011
ISBN 978-9941-430-18-3
gamomcemloba ìnteleqti~, 2011.
Tbilisi, ilia WavWavaZDis gamz. 17b. tel.: 25 05 22, 91 22 83.
www.intelekti.ge
info@intelekti.ge
inteleqti@caucasus.net
intelekti Publishers
17b Ilia Chavchavadze Ave., Tbilisi, Georgia. Tel.: (995 22) 25 05 22, 91 22 83.
sarCevi
Sesavali..........................................................................................................................................................6
V klasi, wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi........................................................................................10
wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi da maTi indikatorebi.............................................................11
Sinaarsisa da miznebis ruka.................................................................................................................16
saswavlo masalis wardgenis fazebi da gakveTilis dagegmvis ZiriTadi principebi.....19
Sefasebis zogadi principebi................................................................................................................23
1. gameoreba, milionze meti ricxvebi
1. gavixsenoT naturaluri ricxvis wakiTxvisa da Caweris wesebi......................................24

sanimuSo gakveTili #1...................................................................................................................27
2. milionze meti ricxvebi.................................................................................................................29

damoukidebeli wera #1..................................................................................................................31
3. vadarebT da valagebT naturalur ricxvebs.........................................................................32
4. amocanebis amoxsna............................................................................................................................35

sakontrolo wera #1......................................................................................................................38
5. naturaluri ricxvebis Sekreba. Sekrebis Tvisebebi...........................................................40
6. naturaluri ricxvebis gamokleba..............................................................................................41

7. ricxviTi sxivi....................................................................................................................................45

8. naturaluri ricxvebis gamravleba. gamravlebis Tvisebebi.............................................49


sakontrolo wera #2......................................................................................................................54
9. gamravlebis Sedegis Sefaseba. weriTi gamravleba...............................................................55

10. sakoordinato bade...........................................................................................................................60


11. ricxviTi da asoiTi gamosaxulebebis Sedgenisa da gamartivebis meTodebi.............65
12. or sidides Soris damokidebulebis gamosaxvis xerxebi...................................................67

Ddamoukidebeli wera #4..................................................................................................................69
13. amocanebis amoxsna ricxviTi an asoiTi gamosaxulebis SedgeniT..................................70
14. xarisxi. ricxvebis Caweris sxvadasxva wesi.............................................................................72

sakontrolo wera ##3......................................................................................................................75
15. amocanebis amoxsnis sxvadasxva xerxi........................................................................................76
2. naturaluri ricxvebi da wiladebi
1. naturaluri ricxvis jeradebi da gamyofebi........................................................................81

D amoukidebeli wera #5..................................................................................................................83
d
2. martivi da Sedgenili ricxvebi...................................................................................................85
3. wrewiri. wre........................................................................................................................................87

sakontrolo wera #4......................................................................................................................88

4. wiladi _ mTelis nawili...............................................................................................................92
5. wiladi, rogorc erTobliobis nawili.....................................................................................93

6. wiladi da naturaluri ricxvebis gayofa..............................................................................97
7. wiladebis toloba. wiladis gamartiveba................................................................................99

sakontrolo wera #5....................................................................................................................101
8. Sereuli ricxvebi da wiladebi..................................................................................................102
9. wiladebisa da Sereuli ricxvebis Sedareba.........................................................................105

damoukidebeli wera #7................................................................................................................108
10. wiladebis jamis Sefaseba.............................................................................................................109
11. wiladebis Sekreba. wiladis naturalur ricxvze gamravleba.......................................112

sakontrolo wera #6....................................................................................................................114
12. wiladebis gamokleba......................................................................................................................115
13. Sereuli ricxvebis Sekreba.........................................................................................................116

14. Sereuli ricxvebis gamokleba....................................................................................................118
15. vagrZelebT Sereuli ricxvebis Sekrebisa da

gamoklebis magaliTebis ganxilvas...........................................................................................120

sakontrolo wera #7....................................................................................................................122

viqtorina...........................................................................................................................................123

sanimuSo gakveTili #7.................................................................................................................124
16. amoxseniT amocanebi sinjvis xerxiT........................................................................................125
3. sidideebis gazomva. geometriuli figurebi
1.

2.
3.

4.
5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

dro. drois erTeulebi................................................................................................................130

sakontrolo wera #8....................................................................................................................133
sigrZis erTeulebi.........................................................................................................................134
masis erTeulebi..............................................................................................................................137
sanimuSoO gakveTili #8.................................................................................................................140
amocanebis amoxsna (ganayofisa da naSTis gamoyeneba).....................................................143
mravalkuTxedi.................................................................................................................................145
sakontrolo wera #9....................................................................................................................147
kuTxis gazomva. marTobuli wrfeebi......................................................................................149
sanimuSo gakveTili #9.................................................................................................................150
samkuTxedi.........................................................................................................................................154
amocanebi gameorebisTvis............................................................................................................158
damoukidebeli wera #10..............................................................................................................159
farTobi..............................................................................................................................................160
amocanebis nimuSebi maTematikuri SejibrebisTvis............................................................164
zogierTi sivrculi figura.......................................................................................................166
sakontrolo wera #10..................................................................................................................169
damatebiTi amocanebi....................................................................................................................170
4. amovxsnaT amocanebi. movipovoT da SeviswavloT monacemebi.

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

monacemTa Segrovebis sxvadasxva xerxi..................................................................................172

warmovadgenT monacemebs cxrilebis gamoyenebiT.............................................................174
viyenebT cxrils amocanis amoxsnisas.....................................................................................178
damoukidebeli wera #11..............................................................................................................182
piqtograma.........................................................................................................................................184
svetovani diagrama.........................................................................................................................185
sakontrolo wera #11..................................................................................................................187
amocanebi V klasis kursis gasameoreblad...........................................................................189
literatura......................................................................................................................................193
Sesavali
maswavleblis wignis daniSnulebaa miawodos maswavleblebs meTodikuri rekomendaciebi
axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT Sedgenili V klasis saxelmZRvanelosTvis (guram
gogiSvili, Teimuraz vefxvaZe, ia mebonia, lamara qurCiSvili, maTematika V); daexmaros maT
saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili masalis gaanalizebasa da saswavlo procesis warmarTvis
meTodebis SemuSavebaSi.
warmodgenilia yvela tipuri gakveTilis, aqtivobisa da savarjiSos meSveobiT swavlebis
rekomendaciebi. mowodebulia damatebiTi masala, miTiTebulia literatura, rac exmareba
maswavlebels sakuTari SesaZleblobebis srulyofaSi, wigni Seicavs miTiTebebs, Tu ra
damatebiTi resursebis gamoyeneba SeuZlia maswavlebels saswavlo procesSi.
maswavleblis wigni Seicavs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli misaRwevi
Sedegebisa da Sesabamisi indikatorebis CamonaTvals. Sinaarsisa da miznebis rukis mixedviT
ki axsnilia erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul romel
Sedegs ukavSirdeba
saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili TiToeuli Tema. maswavleblis wignSi SemoTavazebuli
meTodika iTvaliswinebs maswavleblis profesiuli standartis moTxovnebs (maswavleblis
profesiuli standarti, maTematika, dawyebiTi safexuri, 2008 weli). magaliTad, yuradReba
eqceva ricxvebis adekvaturad gamoyenebas, poziciuri sistemebis gamoyenebis unaris
ganviTarebis, zomis sxvadasxva erTeulebis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebis flobas, geometriul
figuraTa swori klasifikaciis aRqmas da misi gamoyenebis unaris ganviTarebas. yoveli
Temis swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gadmocemisas ganvixilavT am Temis Sesabamis
mecnierul safuZvlebs _ vzrunavT maswavleblis kompetenciis ganviTarebaze.
vcdilobT davexmaroT maswavlebels sxvadasxva strategiis, didaqtikuri xerxisa Tu
teqnologiebis gamoyenebaSi.
yuradRebas vuTmobT sxvadasxva akademiuri donis moswavleebTan muSaobis Sesaxeb reko
mendaciebis miwodebas; saxelmZRvaneloSi masalis gadmocemis meTodika (magaliTad, xSiri
mimarTeba ukve Seswavlilisadmi) exmareba maswavlebels am mimarTulebiTac. SegaxsenebT,
erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi Camoyalibebul erT-erT ZiriTad princips: saganmanaTleblo
procesis centrSi dgas TiToeuli moswavle da miRweuli Sedegi.
yoveli Tavisa da paragrafis mixedviT mkafiod aris Camoyalibebuli miznebi da
mosalodneli Sedegebi.
maswavleblis sarekomendacio wignSi Tavebisa da paragrafebis numeracia da dasaxeleba
emTxveva moswavlis saxelmZRvaneloSi SemoRebul numeraciasa da dasaxelebas.
ZiriTadi mecnierul-meTodikuri principebi, romlebic gansazRvravs saxelmZRvanelos
Sinaarssa da wyobas, aris
saxelmZRvanelos Sesabamisoba erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan;
sistematuroba masalis dalagebaSi; Sinaarsis mecnieruloba; Teoriisa da praqtikis kavSiris
principis ganxorcieleba; gadmocemis mosawvdomoba, enis garkveuloba, sizuste da simartive;
savarjiSoebisa da maTi Sesrulebis formebis mravalferovneba. es ukanaskneli exmareba
maswavlebels sxvadasxva TamaSebis, Sejibrebebis, viqtorinebis organizebaSi. maswavlebels
saSualeba aqvs xSirad gamoiyenos sityvebi: ifiqre, moisazre, Seafase, Seadare, daasabuTe _
moswavleTa saazrovno unaris ganviTareba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis erT-erTi umTavresi
moTxovnaa: `moswavle unda gacdes masalis ubralod damaxsovreba-gazepirebas. kerZod, man
codnis dagrovebasTan erTad (informaciis SenarCuneba) unda SeZlos am codnis gageba,
gamoyeneba, analizi, sinTezi da bolos, Sefaseba. am dros moswavle ara mxolod flobs
informacias, aramed mas SeuZlia qmedeba, raimes swavla swored azrovnebis Sedegia~...
(erovnuli saswavlo gegma, zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebisTvis, 2009-2010 saswavlo weli).
davalebebis mravalferovneba, sxvadasxva xerxiT davalebis Sesrulebis SesaZlebloba swavlis
stimulirebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqtia. sworad SerCeuli da kargad organizebuli
TamaSi xels uwyobs moswavleTa yovelmriv, harmoniul ganviTarebas, exmareba moswavles
gamoimuSavos cxovrebaSi saWiro Cvevebi. kerZod, daxvewos sakuTar gancdaTa gamovlenis
koreqtuli formebi. TamaSma SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos moswavleebSi mexsierebis, yuradRebis,
SemoqmedebiTi warmosaxvis, operatiulobis, TviTSemowmebis unaris ganviTarebas. TamaSi
xels uwobs sakuTari qmedebebis dasaxuli amocanebisadmi daqvemdebarebis, dawyebuli saqmis
bolomde miyvanis Cvevebis dauflebas. TamaSebSi mniSvnelovania SejibrebiToba, radgan
Sejibrebis dros vlindeba moswavleTa aqtiuroba da gamarjvebisken swrafva.
saxelmZRvaneloSi mowodebuli davalebebi saSualebas aZlevs maswavlebels SearCios
sxvadasxva organizaciuli forma _ gakveTili-TamaSi, gakveTili-mogzauroba, gakveTilisazrianTa klubi, gakveTili-viqtorina da a. S. didaqtikuri TamaSebi exmareba maswavlebels
saganmanaTleblo-aRmzrdelobiTi amocanebis gadawyvetaSi.
maswavlebels kvlav SevaxsenebT erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi warmodgenil ramdenime
miTiTebas _ `saxelmZRvanelo aris erT-erTi saSualeba da ara erTaderTi, romelic
emsaxureba saswavlo gegmis sagnobriv programebSi mocemuli Sedegebis miRwevas.
saxelmZRvanelo ar aris TavisTavad programa _ Sesabamisad, maswavlebeli ar unda
iyos saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli `masalis gavlaze~ orientirebuli, aramed aqcenti
unda gaakeTos saxelZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqstebis, savarjiSoebisa da ilustraciebis
gamoyenebaze sagnobrivi standartis Sedegebis misaRwevad. sworia, roca maswavlebeli
argebs saxelmZRvanelos moswavleebis saWiroebebs da ara piriqiT, rodesac maswavlebeli
cdilobs moergos saxelmZRvanelos. maswavlebels SeuZlia swavlebis
process miudges
SemoqmedebiTad, ar gamoiyenos romelime teqsti an aqtivoba, Secvalos drois xangrZlioba,
romelic romelime konkretul Temas eTmoba, gadaanacvlos paragrafebis Tanamimdevroba,
daamatos sakuTari aqtivobebi da sxva~. magaliTad, maswavlebelma saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi
SeiZleba meti dro dauTmos IV klasis saswavlo programiT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebis
gameorebas, vidre Cven mier SemoTavazebul saxelmZRvaneloSia warmodgenili.
swavlebis meTodikac SeiZleba sxvadasxvanairi iyos, rogorc gamoCenili pedagogi d. poia
aRniSnavda (CvenSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli misi naSromis rusuli gamocema: `. .
o ~, , 1976), `swavleba xelovnebaa... yovel karg maswavlebels
swavlebis sakuTari xerxebi aqvs. amiT yoveli kargi maswavlebeli gansxvavdeba sxva kargi
maswavleblisgan. yoveli efeqtiani xerxi unda Seesabamebodes Seswavlis gansazRvrul xerxs...~.
Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom arsebobs zogadi meTodikuri principebi, romelTa codna daexmareba
maswavlebels muSaobaSi. es principebi Camoyalibebulia TviT d. poias cnobil samtomeulSi
da im masalebSi, romlebsac maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri da erovnuli
saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri gamoscemen (SeiZleba mivuTiToT, `maswavlebelTa
profesiuli standartebi~, Jurnali `maswavlebeli~, meTodologiuri saxelmZRvaneloebi,
magaliTad, `rogor vaswavloT azrovneba~ da sxva).
maswavlebelis wigni iTvaliswinebs V klasSi swavlebis Taviseburebebs; am etapze icvleba
moswavleTa akademiuri Sefasebis sistemis gamoyeneba. cxadia, Sefasebis principebi igive
rCeba _ kvlav ZalaSia maswavlebelTa komentari-Sefasebebi, maT emateba niSnebiT gamoxatuli
Sefasebebi _ trimestruli, sagnis wliuri, saerTo wliuri. niSnebis wera V klasidan iwyeba,
Sesabamisad, davamateT davalebebi (e. w. damoukidebeli da sakontrolo werebis nimuSebi
_ Sesabamisi kriteriumebiT), romlebic daexmareba maswavlebels naSromTa Sefasebisas. aqve
SevaxsenebT maswavleblebs, rom aRniSnuli tipis davalebebis Semowmebis Semdeg ar unda
Semoifarglos niSnis daweriT; SefasebaTa gamocxadebamde sasurvelia klasSi moswavleTa
aqtiuri monawileobiT gavaanalizoT sakontrolo davalebebi. visaubroT amoxsnis gzebze
(gamovyoT optimaluri gzebi). moswavleebs warvudginoT Sefasebis kriteriumi. amis

Semdeg, vTxovoT moswavleebs maTi niSnebis gamocxadebamde Tavad daasaxelon naSromis
savaraudo Sefasebebi. Tqveni Sefasebisa da moswavlis TviTSefasebis siaxlove moswavleebSi
pedagogis obieqturobis gancdas aZlierebs. moswavleebis namuSevrebis safuZvelze SeiZleba
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebebis gamoyenebac _ komentarebi aRniSnuli davalebis
Sesaxeb,
romelic aRwers namuSevris Zlier da sust mxareebs da Seicavs rekomendaciebs miRwevebis
gaumjobesebis Taobaze. saxelmZRvaneloSi komentarebis savaraudo nimuSebi Sesabamis
davalebebTan erTad iqneba gadmocemuli.
V klasSi swavleba sxva TaviseburebebiTac gamoirCeoda. aq, rogorc wesi, icvleboda mas
wavlebeli, iwyeboda e. w. sagnobrivi swavleba, rac dawyebiTi safexuris damTavrebasa da
axal safexurze gadasvlas moaswavebda. es problema dResac awuxebs ruseTis pedagogiur sa
zogadoebas. SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma SeZlos moiZios ruseTSi gamocemuli Jurnali `
~, #18, 2007. am nomerSi ori statiaa gamoqveynebuli: `
~ da ` ~. miTiTebulia, rom
pirvel adgilze saswavlo sagani gamodis Tavisi SinaarsiTa da meTodikiT, moswavles uCndeba
siZneleebis daZlevisadmi SiSis grZnoba, igrZnoba swavlisadmi interesis dakargvis tendencia.
mexuTe klasSi swavlebis Taviseburebebi moswavleTa asakis axal etaps ukavSirdeba _
maTSi mkvidrdeba zrdasrulobis gancda, Tumca, igi jer kidev ar aris gamyarebuli realuri
pasuxismgeblobiT. izrdeba moTxovnebi damoukideblobisa da pativiscemis, seriozuli da
ndobis gamomxatveli midgomisadmi. moswavlesTvis TiTqmis ukve mosawyeni xdeba maTematikuri
amocanis amoxsna nimuSis mixedviT, mas surs ipovos sakuTari xerxi, romelic dafuZnebulia
improvizaciaze, ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba erTi da imave amocanis sxvadasxva xerxiT
amoxsna, vidre sxvadasxva amocanis amoxsna. am mxriv, erovnuli saswavlo gegma saSualebas
iZleva tradiciuli da Tanamedrove Sexedulebebis sinTezis safuZvelze gaviTvaliswinoT
memkvidreobiTi sakiTxebi me-4-dan me-5 klasSi gadasvlis procesSi. amasTanave, igi saSualebas
iZleva gamoviyenoT mravali qveynis gamocdilebac, sadac SemoqmedebiTad udgebian saswavlo
masalis SerCevas da misi gadacemis meTodikas. amasTanave, Tavisi agebulebiTa da SinaarsiT
Cveneuli V klasis saxelmZRvanelo wina IV klasis saxelmZRvanlos bunebrivi gagrZelebaa.
bevri sakiTxi xelmeored, zogjer ufro gaRrmavebulad aris warmodgenili, sakiTxebis
gameorebas V klasis standartic iTvaliswinebs (droisa da sigrZis erTeulebi, naturaluri
ricxvebis Cawera, wakiTxva). Tumca, SemoTavazebulia didi naturaluri ricxvebis wakiTxvisa
da Caweris xerxebis gacnobis, poziciuri sistemis warmodgenisas 10-is xarisxebis gamoyeneba.
gansxvavebulia Cveni midgoma wiladebis warmodgenisas _ aq, rusuli saxelmZRvaneloebisgan
gansxvavebiT, TiTqmis yvela aspeqts mivaqcieT yuradReba.
misaRwevi Sedegebis Sesabamisi Sinaarsis SerCevas moswavleTaTvis misawvdomobis
principi udevs safuZvlad; es SerCeva Camoyalibebuli stabiluri birTvis bazaze xdeba. igi
gafiltrulia maTematikis swavlebis gamocdilebiT; tradiciuli Temebis Tanamimdevrobis
axleburi gaazrebis, maTematikis erTianobidan gamomdinare integrirebis xarisxis gazrdisa
da masalis axali sakiTxebiT Sevsebis aucileblobis gaTvaliswinebiT. maswavlebels
mudmivad unda axsovdes, rom maTematika erTiani mecnierebaa da ara misi sxvadasxva nawilis
xelovnuri gaerTianeba, amitom gadmocemis meTodika sakiTxebis urTierTkavSirSi gadmocemas
iTvaliswinebs. sistematurad mimdinareobs wina masalis gameoreba da ganmtkiceba. yoveli
siaxle moswavlis aqtiur monawileobas gulisxmobs; davalebebi, maTi mravalferovneba,
sxvadasxva midgomebis
gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba, praqtikasTan xSiri mimarTva zrdis
moswavleTa motivacias, xels uwyobs kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebas
aRmoCeniT, keTebiT, kvleviTi samuSaos ganxorcielebiT. gvxdeba savarjiSoebi, romelTa
Sesruleba ara mxolod werasa da kiTxvas gulisxmobs (magaliTad, sivrculi figurebis
Slilebi, brtyeli figurebis `dafarvis~ amocanebi da a. S.).
davalebebi iseTi TanamimdevrobiTaa warmodgenili, rom martividan rTulisken iyos

mimarTuli. calkea gamoyofili davalebebi saklaso da saSinao muSaobisTvis, savarjiSoTa
mravalferovani sistema (`testebi~, amocanebi jgufuri muSaobisTvis, amocanebi-TamaSebi,
damatebiTi amocanebi da sxva) maTematikis Segnebulad swavlasa da misi Seswavlisadmi
interesis gaRrmavebas uwyobs xels.
saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli zogierTi rubrika (`s~ _ sxvadasxva, `moisazre~) xels
uwyobs moswavlis cnobismoyvareobis gazrdas, ubiZgebs mas meti, SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis
ken, movlenebis Sesaxeb condis SeZenisken da TviTganviTarebisken. mowodebuli masala
maswavlebelma SeiZleba gamoiyenos viqtorinebis, warmodgenebis da sxva maTematikuri
RonisZiebebis Casatareblad.
sakiTxTa mravalferovneba, maTi ganxilvis formebis araerTgvarovneba xels uwyobs
saswavlo procesSi Sefasebis sxvadasxva formis gamoyenebas, `testebi~ kargi saSualebaa
swrafi TviTSefasebisTvis.
Tumca, SesaZlebelia, zogierTi `testis~ ganxilvas Tan sdevdes msjeloba da pasuxis
dasabuTeba. amasTanave, sTxoveT moswavleebs wignSi nu miuTiTeben swor pasuxebs, CainiSnon
rveulSi swori pasuxebis nomrebi, romelsac SeiZleba Tan erTvodes mokle Canawerebi,
romlebic am pasuxebis miRebis gzas SeiZleba aRwerdes. yvela davaleba wignSi Canaweris
gakeTebis gareSe unda Sesruldes _ mxolod rveulSi! moswavle unda movaCvioT
saxelmZRvanelos sufTad xmarebas. saxelmZRvanelo regularulad Seaxsenebs xolme
moswavleebs, rom gaufrTxildnen wigns. Tqvenc mimarTeT xolme moswavleebs da Tvali
adevneT maT damokidebulebas wignisadmi. SesaZlebeli unda iyos wignis gamoyeneba ramdenime
wlis ganmavlobaSi.
saxelmZRvanelo ori nawilisgan Sedgeba, pirvel nawilSi gadmocemulia saswavlo wlis
pirvel naxevarSi gasavleli masala. es aadvilebs saxelmZRvanelos tarebasa da moxmarebas.
saintereso da mravalferovania wignis agebuleba, igi saxelmZRvanelosadmi wayenebul
yvela moTxovnas iTvaliswinebs (ix., mag., [22]). wignis dasawyisSi gamovxatavT madlierebas
yvelas mimarT, visac Tavisi rekomendaciebiT wvlili Seaqvs wignis daxvewaSi; gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania saswavlo gegmebisa da saxelmZRvanelos SemmuSavebeli jgufebis eqspertebis
Rvawli. maT mier klasebis mixedviT ganawilebuli saswavlo gegma saSualebas gvaZlevs
SevarCioT masala moswavleTa codnis gaRrmavebis, unarebisa da Cvevebis ganviTarebisa da
formirebisTvis. eqspertTa kvalificiuri rekomendaciebi da SeniSvnebi gvexmareba mTeli
`sapilote~ wlis ganmavlobaSi davxvewoT saxelmZRvanelo, yoveli axali nawilis Sedgenisas
gaviTvaliswinoT wina nawilze miRebuli daskvnebi. wlis bolos _ koreqtivebi SevitanoT
yvela nawilSi.
saxelmZRvanelo 4 Tavisgan Sedgeba, TiToeuli Tavi _ paragrafebisgan, zogierTi
paragrafi ramdenime nawiliania. sarCevi wignis dasawyisSia mocemuli, maTematikuri terminebi,
cxrilebi, maTematikuri niSnebi, sagnobrivi saZiebeli _ wignis boloSi.
Zvirfaso maswavleblebo!
warmatebebs gisurvebT Tqvens sapatio da mniSvnelovan saqmianobaSi. imedi gvaqvs, rom
Cveni TanamSromloba keTil nayofs gamoiRebs.
V klasi, wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi:
mimarTuleba:
ricxvebi da
moqmedebebi
1. iyenebs axal
ricxviT saxelebs,
poziciur
sistemas da axdens
naturaluri
ricxvebis
klasifikacias
2. kiTxulobs,
gamosaxavs, afasebs,
adarebs da alagebs
wiladebs
3. asrulebs
moqmedebebs
naturalur
ricxvebze da
tolmniSvnelian
wiladebze
4. iyenebs da
erTmaneTTan
akavSirebs
zomis sxvadasxva
erTeulebs
10
kanonzomierebebi
da algebra
geometria da
sivrcis aRqma
5. gamosaxavs
da aRwers
sidideebs Soris
damokidebulebas
7. amoicnobs, aRwers
da gamosaxavs
geometriul
figurebs
6. amocanis
amoxsnisas adgens
da amartivebs
algebrul
gamosaxulebas
8. adgens mimarTebebs
figurebs Soris da
figuris elementebs
Soris
9. poulobs da
adarebs brtyeli
figurebis
farTobebs
erTmaneTs
10.
orientirebs
badiT dafarul
areze
monacemTa analizi,
albaToba da
statistika
11. moipovebs dasmuli
amocanis amosaxsnelad
saWiro Tvisebriv
da raodenobriv
monacemebs
12. warmoadgens
Tvisebriv da
raodenobriv
monacemebs dasmuli
amocanis amosaxsnelad
xelsayreli formiT
13. akeTebs Tvisebriv
da raodenobriv
monacemTa
interpretaciasa da
elementarul analizs
wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi da maTi indikatorebi

mimarTuleba: ricxvebi da moqmedebebi
maT. V.1.
iyenebs axal ricxviT saxelebs, poziciur sistemas da axdens naturaluri

ricxvebis klasifikacias
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:
kiTxulobs milionze did ricxvebs axali ricxviTi saxelebis gamoyenebiT (mag. trilioni
da a.S.); ganmartavs am ricxviT saxelebs.
poulobs axali ricxviTi saxeliT mocemuli (milionze) didi ricxvis rigs (mag. ramdeni
cifrisgan Sedgeba 10-obiTi poziciuri sistemiT Sedgenili aseTi ricxvi?).
iyenebs 10-is xarisxebs didi ricxvebis Cawerisas. msjelobs aTobiTi poziciuri sistemis
upiratesobaze sxva ricxviT sistemebTan SedarebiT (mag. egvipturi an romauli
sistema).
poulobs mocemuli erTniSna da orniSna ricxvebis jeradebsa da gamyofebs.
ganasxvavebs kent, luw, martiv da Sedgenil ricxvebs, asabuTebs 2-ze da 5-ze gayofadobis
niSnebs.
iyenebs ricxvis kvadratis cnebas, amoicnobs orniSna naturalur ricxvebs Soris
naturaluri ricxvis kvarats.
maT. V.2.
kiTxulobs, gamosaxavs, afasebs, adarebs da alagebs wiladebs
kiTxulobs da gamosaxavs Cveulebriv/Sereul wiladebs; uTiTebs maT CanawerSi wiladis
mricxvels da mniSvnels / mTel da wilad nawilebs.
gamosaxavs erTeulis nawilebs ricxviT sxivze da aRniSnavs tol nawilebs; iTvlis
aseTi nawilebis Sesabamisi bijiT (maT Soris erTeulis gavliT).
nimuSi 1
0
1
2
0
0
nimuSi 3
2
4
1
4
1
8
2
8
1
4
3
8
2
4
4
8
3
4
3
4
5
8
6
8
7
8
1 11 12 1 3
4
4
4
1
3
1
12
1
6
2
6
2
3
12 12
4
12
2
3
4
6
3
6
5
12
6
12
7
12
8
12
5
6
9
12
10
12
11
12
adarebs or wilads, maT Soris wiladis ZiriTadi Tvisebis gamoyenebiT.

wers Sereul wilads ~arawesieri~ wiladis saxiT da piriqiT; axdens (wesieri) wiladis
cnebis sxvadasxvagvar interpretacias da msjelobs maT Soris kavSirebze (wiladi
rogorc ori naturaluri ricxvis gayofis Sedegis Canaweri, erTeulis nawili,
mTliani jgufis qvejgufi da rogorc ~ricxviT xazze~ garkveuli adgili).
maT. V.3.
asrulebs moqmedebebs
wiladebze
naturalur
ricxvebze
da
tolmniSnvnelian
11
amocanis konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT irCevs da iyenebs naturalur ricxvebze

moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis adeqvatur xerxs; naSTiT gayofis SemTxvevaSi axdens naSTis
interpretacias amocanis konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT.
axdens erTnairi mniSvnelis mqone martiv wiladebze ariTmetikuli moqmedebebis
demonstrirebas da moqmedebaTa Sedegis interpretacias modelis gamoyenebiT (mag.
namcxvris naWrebi).
msjelobs Tu rogor icvleba wiladi misi mxolod mniSvnelis an mxolod mricxvelis
~-jer/-iT~ gazrdiT an SemcirebiT; asabuTebs pasuxs (mag. modelis gamoyenebiT).
iyenebs moqmedebaTa Tvisebebs da maT Soris kavSirebs Sereul ricxvebze gamoTvlebis
Sesrulebisas/maT gasamartiveblad (Sereuli ricxvebis Sekreba/gamokleba; wiladis
naturalur ricxvze gamravleba).
maT. V.4.
iyenebs da erTmaneTTan akavSirebs zomis sxvadasxva erTeulebs
erTmaneTTan akavSirebs sigrZis da farTobis erTeulebs, iyenebs ricxvis kvadratis
Canawers am konteqstSi.
erTmaneTTan akavSirebs farTobis sxvadasxva erTeulebs; gamosaxavs farTobis did
erTeuls mcire erTeulis gamoyenebiT.
iyenebs drois 12 da 24-saaTian formatebs da ariTmetikul moqmedebebis gamoyenebiT
gansazRvravs dros da drois intervals.
iyenebs naSTiT gayofas zomis mocemul erTeulebSi monacemis sxva erTeuliT
gamosaxvisas (mag. 50000 wami = ? saaTi).
Sinaarsi
1. naturaluri ricxvebi da maTze moqmedebebi
2. milionze meti naturaluri ricxvebi (miliardi/bilioni, trilioni da a.S.)
3. sxva ricxviTi sistemebis gacnoba (mag. anbani da asoebis ricxviTi Sesatyvisebi;
egvipturi _ aTis xarisxebis gansxvavebuli aRniSvnebi an romauli sistema).
4. arauaryofiTi wiladebi toli mniSvneliT da maTze moqmedebebi
5. sxvadasxva mniSvneliani wiladebis Sedareba, dalageba da gamosaxva (mag. wiladebi
mniSvneliT 2,4,8; 3,6,9,12; 5,10 da 100)
6. ricxvis kvadrati farTobis konteqstSi
7. kavSiri sigrZisa da farTobis erTeulebs Soris
8. drois erTeulebi (saaTebi, wuTebi, wamebi), saaTis 12 da 24 saaTiani formati
9. wonis erTeulebi (kilogrami, grami, miligrami)
mimarTuleba: kanonzomierebebi da algebra

maT. V.5.
gamosaxavs da aRwers sidideebs Soris damokidebulebas
aRwers raime sididis Tanabar adiciur (mudmivi sididis mimatebiT/gamoklebiT miRebul)
cvlilebas (maT Soris realur viTarebaSi).
mocemuli damokidebulebisaTvis Tvisebrivad aRwers Tu ra gavlenas axdens erTi
sididis cvlileba masze damokidebul meore sidideze da sxva atributebze. (mag.
~erTis zrda gamoiwvevs meoris zrdas~, ~zRvis donesTan SedarebiT ufro meti
simaRle rukaze ufro muqia~).
12
erTi cvladis Semcvel mocemul asoiT gamosaxulebaSi, sxvadasxva ricxvebis CasmiT

avsebs cvladis mniSvnelobebsa da gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobebs Soris damokidebulebis
gamomsaxvel cxrils, romelSic cvladis mniSvnelobebis Sesabamisi sveti/striqoni
winaswaraa Sevsebuli.
maT. V.6.
Seadgens da amartivebs algebrul gamosaxulebas maTematikuri amocanis

amoxsnisas
adgens realuri viTarebis an misi sityvieri aRweris Sesabamis tolobas, utolobas an
gantolebas (romelSic ucnobi aris tolobis mxolod erT mxares).
ariTmetikuli operaciebis gamoyenebiT teqsturi amocanis amoxsnisas, svams kiTxvebs
amocanis pirobaSi arasruli monacemebis Sesavsebad (mag. amocanis piroba: moswavlem
sam fanqarSi 60 TeTri gadaixada. ra Rirs erTi fanqari? daklebuli monacemebis
Sesavsebad SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva: samive fanqris fasi tolia?).
iyenebs Sekrebisa da gamravlebis komutaciurobas, asociaciurobas da Sekrebis
mimarT gamravlebis distribuciulobis Tvisebebs (erTi cvladis Semcveli) asoiTi
gamosaxulebebis gasamartiveblad.
Sinaarsi
1. or sidides Soris damokidebuleba, romelic Sekrebis/gamoklebis Semcveli
gamosaxulebiT moicema; sidideebs Soris damokidebulebis gamosaxva cxrilis
saSualebiT.
2. Sekrebis, gamoklebisa da gamravlebis Semcveli ricxviTi da asoiTi gamosaxulebebi
da maTi gamartiveba.
3. Sekrebisa da gamoklebis Semcveli ricxviTi utolobebi da maTi Tvisebebi.
4. teqsturi amocanebi, romlebic Sekrebis, gamoklebisa da gamravlebis Semcveli
ricxviTi an erTi asoiTi aRniSvnis Semcveli algebruli gamosaxulebiT ixsneba.
mimarTuleba: geometria da sivrcis aRqma

maT. V.7.
amoicnobs, aRwers da gamosaxavs geometriul figurebs
uTiTebs
wris/wrewiris
elementebs;
koreqtulad
iyenebs
wrewirTan/wresTan
dakavSirebul terminebs (centri, diametri, radiusi, qorda).
yofs wrewirs/wres tol (naxevari, meoTxedi) rkalebad/seqtorebad; iyenebs maT
kuTxeebis Sesadareblad da dasajgufeblad (blagvi, marTi, maxvili da gaSlili).
amzadebs marTkuTxa paralelepipedisa da kubis Slils; mocemuli Slilis mixedviT
amzadebs models da asaxelebs miRebul figuras.
maT. V.8.
adgens mimarTebebs figurebs Soris da figuris elementebs Soris
axdens samkuTxedebis klasifikacias misi kuTxeebis mixedviT (blagvkuTxa, marTkuTxa,
maxvilkuTxa).
uTiTebs brtyeli figuris paralelur da urTierTTanamkveT gverdebs, msjelobs
gadaikveTeba Tu ara mocemuli gverdebi gagrZelebis Sedegad.
13
sivrculi figuris modelze uTiTebs paralelur da urTierT-TanamkveT waxnagebs,

msjelobs gadaikveTeba Tu ara mocemuli waxnagebi maTi gavrcobis Sedegad.
maT. V.9.
poulobs da adarebs brtyeli figurebis farTobebs
dafaravs figuras erTnairi aragadamfaravi figurebiT da asaxelebs dasafarad saWiro
figurebis mTlian raodenobas.
figuraTa urTierTSeTavsebiT adarebs an afasebs figurebis farTobebs. (mag. rodesac
erTi Tavsdeba meoreSi, maSin misi farTobi ufro naklebia).
iyenebs farTobis adiciurobas aragadamfaravi figurebis kombinaciiT miRebuli
figuris farTobis mosaZebnad.
maT. V.10.
orientirebs badiT dafarul areze
koordinatebis (simboloTa wyvilis) gamoyenebiT aRwers mdebareobas da iyenebs am xerxs
realur viTarebaSi (mag. kinoTeatri, gemebis CaZirobana, Wadrakis dafa, ruqaze
obieqtis moZebna).
gadaadgildeba ujrian furcelze instruqciebis mixedviT da aRwers, rogor miaRwevs
mocemuli ujridan sxva ujramde (mag. ori ujra marcxniv, Semdeg erTi ujra
zeviT).
aRwers ruqaze ori an meti punqtis urTierTmdebareobas oTxi mimarTulebis gamoyenebiT
(mag. CrdiloeTiT, dasavleTiT).
Sinaarsi
1. wre/wrewiri: centri, radiusi, diametri, qorda, rkali, seqtori.
2. kuTxe (araformalurad, rogorc mravalkuTxedis elementi).
3. samkuTxedis saxeobebi: blagvkuTxa, marTkuTxa, maxvilkuTxa.
4. mravalkuTxedis gverdebs Soris mimarTeba: paraleluri da TanamkveTi gverdebi;
mravalwaxnagas waxnagebs Soris mimarTeba: paraleluri da TanamkveTi waxnagebi.
5. farTobi (araformalurad, rogorc erTnaeri aragadamfaravi figurebiT dafarul
figuraSi damfaravi figurebis raodenoba).
6. koordinatebi (araformalurad, rogorc adgilmdebareobis miTiTeba simboloTa
wyviliT).
mimarTuleba: monacemTa analizi, albaToba da statistika
maT. V.11.
moipovebs dasmuli amocanis amosaxsnelad saWiro Tvisebriv da raodenobriv

monacemebs

SekiTxvebis mocemuli CamonaTvalidan SearCevs da iyenebs saWiro monacemTa
Sesagroveblad Sesaferis SekiTxvas/SekiTxvebs.
mocemul TemasTan dakavSirebiT svams kiTxvebs Sesaferisi formiT (Ria, daxuruli,
14
ramdenime alternatiuli arCevanis momcveli) da am kiTxvebis saSualebiT moipovebs

saWiro monacemebs.
irCevs monacemTa Segrovebis Sesaferis saSualebas (dakvirveba, gazomva, monacemTa
amokreba mocemuli erTobliobidan) da iyenebs mas, asabuTebs Tavis arCevans.
maT. V.12.
warmoadgens Tvisebriv da raodenobriv monacemebs dasmuli amocanis

amosaxsnelad xelsayreli formiT

klasificirebuli monacemebisTvis calsaxa Sesabamisobis miTiTebuli wesiT qmnis
piqtogramas, romlis erTi simbolo Seesabameba ramodenime monacems.
qmnis martiv cxrils araumetes oci klasificirebuli da dalagebuli monacemisTvis
(mag. gansazRvravs Wdeebs, saTaurs, svetebisa da striqonebis raodenobas da adgens
monacemTa cxrils).
klasificirebuli monacemebisTvis urTierTcalsaxa Sesabamisobis wesiT qmnis
svetovan diagramas ujrebian furcelze (mag. gansazRvravs Wdeebs, saTaurs, svetebis
raodenobas da aferadebs ujrebiani furclis Sesabamisi sigrZis zolebs).
maT. V.13.
akeTebs Tvisebriv da
elementarul analizs
raodenobriv
monacemTa
interpretaciasa
da

svams saZiebo/Semajamebel kiTxvebs monacemebis Sesaxeb, romlebic warmodgenilia
svetovani diagramis saxiT (mag. nayinis ramdeni gansxvavebuli saxeoba unda viyidoT
klasis zeimisTvis? TiToeuli saxeobis ramdeni nayini? nayinis romeli saxeoba
uyvars ufro met Cvens Tanaklasels Sokoladis Tu marwyvis? nayinis romeli
saxeobaa yvelaze popularuli Cveni klaselebisTvis? gogonebisTvis? vaJebisTvis?
ratom?).
adarebs monacemTa or erTobliobas da warmoaCens Tvisebriv da raodenobriv msgavsebasa
da gansxvavebas maT Soris (Tvisebrioba ukavSirdeba jgufSi monacemTa gvarobas/tips,
monacemTa ganmeorebadobas, pozicias da Tanmimdevrobas, gamorCeul monacemebs).
gamoTqvams varauds monacemTa safuZvelze (mag. gamokiTxvis vin ra gadaadgilebis
saSualebas iyenebs skolaSi misasvlelad Sedegebis safuZvelze gamoTqvams
varauds, daaxloebiT ramdeni bavSvi cxovrobs skolasTan axlos).
Sinaarsi
1. Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebis Segrovebis saSualebani: gazomva, dakvirveba,
gamokiTxva; monacemTa amokreba monacemTa umartivesi wyaroebidan (mag. cnobari,
katalogi).
2. Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebis organizacia: monacemebis klasifikacia
(garda raodenobriv monacemTa dajgufebisa intervalebad).
3. monacemTa mowesrigebuli erTobliobebis raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi niSnebi:
gamorCeuli (mag. eqstremaluri, iSviaTi) monacemebi.
4. monacemTa warmodgenis saSualebani raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi monacemebisTvis:
sixSireTa cxrili, piqtograma, svetovani diagrama.
15
Sinaarsisa da miznebis ruka
Temebis CamonaTvali
miznebi: Sinaarsis gardaqmna

miznad; erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi
miTiTebuli Sesabamisi punqtebi
savaraudo
saswavlo
dro
naturaluri ricxvis wa
kiTxvisa da Caweris wesebi.
milionze meti ricxvebi,
maTi Sedareba da dalageba
milionamde naturaluri ricxvebis

wakiTxvis da Caweris gameorebis
Semdeg eufleba milionze didi
ricxvebis wakiTxvis, Caweris,
klasifikaciis wesebs, poulobs axali
ricxviTi saxeliT mocemuli ricxvis
rigs. V. 1.
9 sT
naturaluri ricxvebis
Sekreba da gamokleba.
amocanebis amoxsna.
ricxviTi sxivi.
naturaluri ricxvebis
gamravleba da gayofa
amocanebis konteqstis mixedviT

naturalur ricxvebze moqmedebaTa
SerCevisa da Sesrulebis unaris
gamomuSaveba V. 3.
18 sT
sakoordinato bade,
amocanebis amoxsna.
mdebareobis aRwera simboloTa

wyvilebiT da maTi gamoyenebis unari;
ujrebian furcelze instruqciebis
mixedviT gadaadgilebaTa aRwera.
rukaze ramdenime punqtis
urTierTmdebareobis aRwera. V. 10
6 sT
asoiTi gamosaxulebis
Sedgenisa da gamartivebis
magaliTebi.
amocanebis amoxsna
realuri viTarebis aRwerisas

Sesabamisi tolobis, utolobis
an gantolebis Sedgenis unaris
gamomuSaveba V. 6.
erTi cvladis Semcveli asoiTi
gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobis povna V.5
7 sT
xarisxi. xarisxis gamoyeneba
xarisxis gamoyeneba poziciuri

sistemiT ricxvebis Cawerisas,
ricxvebis Caweris sxva wesebi da maTi
Sedareba poziciurTan V. 1
3 sT
ricxvis jeradebi da
gamyofebi.
martivi da Sedgenili
ricxvebi.
mocemuli erTniSna da orniSna

ricxvebis jeradebisa da gamyofebis
povna; kenti, luwi, martivi, Sedgenili
ricxvebis gansxvavebulobis aRwera;
2-ze da 5-ze gayofadobis dasabuTeba.
V. 1
6 sT
16
wrewirTan dakavSirebuli terminebis

koreqtulad gamoyeneba (centri,
diametri, radiusi) wrewiris dayofa
tol rkalebad, wris dayofa tol
seqtorebad V.7
4 sT
wiladebis wakiTxva da Cawera, wiladis

cnebis sxvadasxvagvari interpretacia
da maT Soris kavSirebi V. 2
9 sT
wiladebis toloba, wiladis

gamartiveba.
Sereuli ricxvebi.
wiladebis Sedareba.
wiladebis Sedarebisas sxvadasxva

xerxis gamoyeneba V. 2
wiladebis cvlilebis aRwera
mricxvelis an mniSvnelis cvlilebisas
V. 3
9 sT
wiladebis jamis Sefaseba.

wiladebis Sekreba.
wiladebis gamravleba
naturalur ricxvze.
wiladebis gamokleba.
Sereuli ricxvebis Sekreba.
Sereuli ricxvebis
gamokleba.
erTnairi mniSvnelis mqone

wiladebze ariTmetikuli moqmedebis
demonstrireba, moqmedebaTa Sedegis
interpretacia modelis gamoyenebiT.
moqmedebaTa Tvisebebis gamoyeneba
Sereul ricxvebze moqmedebaTa
Sesrulebisas. V. 3
18 sT
droisa da
sigrZis erTeulebi.
masis erTeulebi.
amocanebis amoxsna (naSTis
gamoyeneba).
sigrZis erTeulebis erTmaneTTan

dakavSireba,
drois 12 da 24 saaTiani formatebis
gamoyeneba; ariTmetikul moqmedebaTa
gamoyenebiT drosa da drois
intervalis gansazRvra.
naSTiT gayofis gamoyeneba zomis
erTeulebs Soris kavSirebis
gamoyenebisas V. 4
10 sT
kuTxe. kuTxeebis Sedareba.

samkuTxedebis Sedareba.
mravalkuTxedis kuTxeebi
da gverdebi.
kuTxeeebis Sedareba da klasifikacia

(wrewiris, wris gamoyenebiT) V. 7.
samkuTxedebis klasifikaciis unari,
brtyeli figuris gverdebis Semcveli
wrfeebis urTierTganlagebis aRwera
9 sT
wrewiri, wre da maTi

nawilebi
wiladi, rogorc mTelis

nawili.
wiladi, rogorc
erTobliobis nawili.
wiladi da naturaluri
ricxvebis gayofa
17
farTobi. farTobis
Sefaseba
figuraTa urTierTSeTavsebiT
farTobebis Sedareba, Sefaseba,
figuris farTobis Tvisebebis
gamoyeneba figuraTa kombinaciiT
miRebuli figuris farTobis
mosaZebnad V. 5
3 sT
marTkuTxa paralelepipedis
waxnagebi da wiboebi.
sivrculi figurebis waxnagebis

Semcveli sibrtyeebis da
wiboebis Semcveli wrfeebis
urTierTganlagebis aRwera.
kubis da marTkuTxa paralelepipedis
Slilebi V. 7. V. 8.
4 sT
viyenebT monacemTa
Segrovebis sxvadasxva xerxs
monacemTa mopoveba
SekiTxvebiT, dakvirvebiT, amokrebiT
da arCevanis dasabuTeba. V. 11.
3 sT
warmovadgenT monacemebs
cxrilis an diagramis saxiT.
vmsjelobT monacemTa
Sesaxeb.
vxsniT amocanebs cxrilis
an diagramis gamoyenebiT
monacemTa warmodgenis sxvadasxva

xerxis gamoyeneba (cxrilebi,
piqtogramebi, svetebiani diagramebi)
V. 12
monacemTa interpretaciisa
da analizis sxvadasxva xerxis
gamoyeneba (saZiebeli am Semajamebeli
kiTxvebis dasma, Sedareba; msgavsebis,
gansxvavebis aRmoCena. monacemTa
safuZvelze varaudebis gamoTqma).
V. 13
12 sT
SeniSvna:
miTiTebul droSi naangariSevia Sesabamisi weriTi samuSaoebis Catareba-garCevac;
maswavlebels saTadarigod rCeba miaxloebiT 14 sT.
18
saswavlo masalis wardgenis fazebi da

gakveTilis dagegmvis ZiriTadi principebi
saswavlo procesis organizaciis ZiriTadi forma gakveTilia. meTodikur literatura
Si cneba _ `gakveTili~ _ ZiriTadad, ase aRiwereba: gakveTili logikurad dasrulebuli,
mTliani saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesis garkveuli SemosazRvruli monakveTia. masSi
rTul urTierTdamokidebulebaSia procesis yvela ZiriTadi elementi: Sinaarsi, mizani, sa
Sualebebi, meTodebi, organizacia. yovel gakveTilze gansazRvruli saganmanaTleblo da
aRmzrdelobiTi amocanebi wydeba; rac ZiriTadad konkretuli saswavlo masalis ganxilvis
procesSi mimdinareobs. dawyebiT klasebSi prioritetulia saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi funq
cia. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT swavlebis am safexurze unda Seiqmnas safuZvlebi
sabazo safexurze efeqtiani swavlisTvis. V-VI klasebi am mxriv swavlebis mniSvnelovani
etapia _ izrdeba sagnobrivi codnis SeZenis, arsebuli codnis ganzogadebis intensivoba.
yuradReba eqceva im unar-Cvevebis, damokidebulebebis ganviTarebas, romlebic moswavles
mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi dasWirdeba, maT Sorisaa fizikuri da sulieri Tvisebebis,
midrekilebebis gamovlena da ganviTareba.
maTematikis gakveTilisadmi wayenebuli mTavari moTxovnaa ZiriTadi didaqtikuri amo
canis arseboba _ im Temis Seswavlis miznis arseboba, romlis gadawyvetis procesi mocemul
gakveTilze mimdinareobs. yoveli gakveTilis win kargad unda gaiazroT misi Sinaarsi da miz
ani. amaSi maswavleblis es wignic dagexmarebaT _ mowodebulia miznebisa da Sedegebis ruka,
yoveli Temis axsnas win uZRvis rukaSi warmodgenili miTiTebebis sruli analizi. miznis Se
sabamisad unda iyos gaazrebuli da dagegmili saswavlo masalis wardgenis fazebi.
am miznis gaazreba moswavleebisTvis uaRresad mniSvnelovania. moswavleebTan saubari
unda daviwyoT ara imiT, Tu ras vaswavliT, aramed iseTi situaciis SeqmniT, roca moswavle
motivirebulia da poulobs pasuxebs kiTxvaze _ `risTvisaa saWiro~. motivacia SesaZlebe
lia aqtualuri praqtikuli amocanis dayenebiTa da misi amoxsnis xerxebis ZiebiT daviwyoT,
an maTematikis Sinagani kanonzomierebebis, siZneleebis gadalaxvisas warmatebis miRweviT
miRebuli STabeWdilebebis gaazrebiT. `did~ ricxvebze gadasvla orive aspeqtis warmod
geniT mimdinareobs, TandaTan xdeba im codnis gadmotana-gavrceleba didi ricxvebze, rac
ukve icoda moswavlem milionamde farglebSi. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania amocanis dasma
da moswavleebTan erTad misi amoxsnis Ziebis procesis ganxorcieleba. axali erovnuli sas
wavlo gegmis mixedviT saganmanaTleblo procesis centrSi dgas moswavle da misi Sesabamisi
interesebi; swavla niSnavs informaciis dagrovebas, unar-Cvevebisa da damokidebulebebis
ganviTarebas. swavlebaSi moiazreba ara erTi konkretuli gzis gavla, aramed maswavleblisa
da moswavlis mier erToblivad SerCeuli optimaluri variantis Zieba. amasTanave, es procesi
SeiZleba sxvadasxva formiT mimdinareobdes, es formebia _ muSaoba jgufebad (SesaZlebelia
or-oradac), mTeli klasis monawileobiT, individualurad da a. S. maswavlebelma swavleba
ise unda warmarTos, rom Temis Seswavlis procesis ZiriTadi Semoqmedi Tavad moswavle aR
moCndes. maswavlebeli warmmarTvelis, `diriJoris~ funqcias unda asrulebdes; zogierTi
mecnieri maswavleblis am rols mebaRis rols adarebs _ yvavilebi mebaRis xelSewyobiT
izrdeba da alamazebs garemos.
maswavleblis sarekomendacio wigni dagexmarebaT warmatebiT daZlioT siZneleebi, gan
sakuTrebiT im davalebebis ganxilvisas, romlebic azrovnebis zeda sami donis (analizi, sin
19
Tezi, Sefaseba) amoqmedebasTan aris dakavSirebuli. nimuSis mixedviT davalebebis Sesrulebis

(gamoyenebis done) garda gvaqvs davalebebi, romlebic moswavlis SemoqmedebiTi potencialis
zrdasa da amoqmedebas iwvevs (analizisa da sinTezis done) da Sefasebisken (Sefasebis done)
aris mowodebuli. azrovnebis zeda doneebis asamoqmedeblad mowodebulia specialuri meTo
dikebi; magaliTad, dasazustebeli SekiTxvebis CamonaTvali, romelTa saSualebiT xdeba `mog
zauroba~ qveda doneebidan zeda doneebisken da Semdgom _ ukusvliT _ zeda doneebidan
qveda doneebisken.
maswavleblis wignis da moswavlis wignis struqturac dagexmarebaT TiToeul etapze
(sawyisi, damamTavrebeli) Sesasrulebeli savarjiSoebis SerCevaSi. yovel Temas ukavSirde
ba savarjiSoebi, romlebic sxvadasxva inteleqtualuri unaris (klasificirebis, Sedarebis,
gamoyenebis, TviTSefasebis Catarebis, amocanis amoxsnis Ziebis unaris) ganviTarebas emsax
ureba.
gakveTilze Seswavlili faqtebi TavisTavad aris mniSvnelovani, Tumca, kidev ufro mniS
vnelovania is, rom maTi Seswavlis dros ganxorcielebuli procesi Tavis kvals tovebs _
mimdinareobs sxvadasxva inteleqtualuri unaris ganviTareba.
moswavlisa da maswavleblis wignebSi warmodgenili masaliT, swavlisadmi SemoqmedebiTi
midgomiT Tqven uTuod SeZlebT sxvadasxva akademiuri donisa da inteleqtualuri
SesaZleblobebis moswavleebTan nayofieri saswavlo procesis warmarTvas. moswavleebTan
deferencirebuli midgomiT (rac maTi individualuri Tvisebebis gaTvaliswinebasac
gulisxmobs), mizanmimarTuli intensiuri ZalisxmeviT uTuod SeZlebTa droebiT CamorCenili
moswavleebis CarTvas saswavlo procesSi.
axla CamovayaliboT ramdenime sasargeblo rekomendacia.
maswavlebeli cdilobs, rom yoveli axali SemecnebiTi amocana TviT moswavlem Camo
ayalibos.
maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT da moswavleTa ZalisxmeviT _ dakvirvebis, cdis, konk
retuli SemTxvevebis analizis Sedegad iqmneba warmodgena arsebul kanonzomierebaze.
maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT mimdinareobs amocanis gadawyvetis gzis Zieba; amocanis,
amoxsnis gegmis Sedgena; rasac xSirad mosdevs moswavleebis mier am gegmis realizacia.
axla SevexoT saswavlo procesisTvis mzadebis zogad sqemas.
maswavleblis muSaoba saswavlo wlis win.
gakveTilebis sistemis gaazreba _ erTi raime Temis gameorebas, ganzogadebas, axlis
Ziebas gakveTilebis erToblioba eZRvneba.
konkretuli gakveTilisTvis momzadeba.
momzadebisTvis maswavlebelma unda gamoiyenos saxelmZRvanelo, maswavleblis wigni da,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, iq miTiTebuli literatura. cxadia, pedagogi, kargad unda icnob
des erovnul saswavlo gegmas. am gegmis mixedviT Sedgenil Sinaarsisa da miznebis rukas,
SemoTavazebul sanimuSo gakveTilebis scenarebs. sarekomendacio wignis Sesavali maswavleb
els acnobs saxelmZRvanelos agebis ZiriTad principebs da meTodikur orientirebs. winaswar
ki man aqtiuri monawileoba unda miiRos Tavisi skolis saswavlo gegmis SemuSavebaSi, raTa
daakonkretos, daazustos, Seavsos erovnuli gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli saganmanaTleblo da
aRmzrdelobiTi programebi.
amrigad, pedagogebi SemoqmedebiTad unda miudgnen Cvens rekomendaciebs, sakuTari ga
mocdilebisa da klasis moswavleTa Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, unda daazuston,
SeiZleba Secvalon kidec zogierTi Tema da am Temis gadacema. kidev erTxel SegaxsenebT
erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi mocemul miTiTebas: `saxelmZRvanelo aris erT-erTi saSualeba
da ara erTaderTi, romelic emsaxureba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobriv programaSi mo
cemuli Sedegebis miRwevas... `saxelmZRvanelo ar aris TavisTavad programa _ Sesabamisad,
maswavlebeli ar unda iyos saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli `masalis gavlaze~ orientirebuli,
aramed aqcenti unda gaakeTos saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqstebis, savarjiSoebisa Tu
20
ilustraciebis gamoyenebaze sagnobrivi standartebis Sedegebis misaRwevad. sworia, roca

maswavlebeli argebs saxelmZRvanelos moswavleebis saWirobebs da ara piriqiT, rodesac
maswavlebeli cdilobs moergos saxelmZRvanelos~, maswavleblis sarekomendacio wignSi Cven
SemogTavazebT konretuli Temis gadacemis, savarjiSoebis gavlis Tanamimdevrobis gansxvave
bul variantebsac.
gakveTilis dagegmvisas gasaTvaliswinebelia Casatarebeli procesis tipi:
gameoreba;
axali masalis gacnoba;
masalis ganmtkiceba;
codnis Semowmeba;
sxva tipis gakveTilebi (gakveTili bunebaSi, gakveTili-proeqti, ...)
zogierTi tipis procesi (gansakuTrebiT V klasSi), rogorc wesi, yovel gakveTilze mim
dinareobs (gameoreba, axali masalis gacnoba, ganmtkiceba, Semowmeba) _ SesaZlebelia, sxva
dasxva moculobiT.
gakveTilze mTavaria vaswavloT da aRvzardoT: swavleba ar niSnavs mxolod codnis gad
acemas, swavla codnis SemoqmedebiTad dauflebas unda niSnavdes, codnis gamoyenebis unaris
ganviTarebas unda gulisxmobdes.
saswavlo masalis dasabuTebuli SerCeva iTvaliswinebs Semdeg moTxovnebs:
saswavlo masalis Sesabamisoba Temis mizanTan;
gakveTilze Sesasrulebeli samuSos moculobis swori gansazRvra;
optimaluri Tanafardoba konkretulsa da zogads Soris;
Teoriasa da praqtikas Soris aucilebeli urTierTkavSiris ganxorcieleba.
maswavlebelma, rogorc wesi, Tavidan bolomde detalurad unda gaiazros gakveTili,
winaswar, drois mixedviT unda iyos ganawilebuli mTeli samuSao, Tumca, rogorc yoveli
SemoqmedebiTi procesi, gakveTilic Seitans, albaT Tqven gegmebSi cvlilebebs.
kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemis sistema ar unda iyos erTferovani _ mxolod warmatebul
moswavleebTan mimarTebiT ar unda SemovifargloT. moswavlis raime mosazrebas myisve nu
upasuxebT, swor pasuxsac ki maSinve nu daeTanxmebiT _ gaakeTeT pauza, iqneb garkveuli
eWvic ki gamoTqvaT wamoyenebuli mosazrebis sisworis mimarT. amiT miaRwevT imas, rom mos
wavleebi daubrundebian dasmuli kiTxvis analizs da male WeSmariti daskvna _ swori pasuxi
_ klasis dominantur mosazrebad gadaiqceva. klasi, erToblivi ZalisxmeviT, `gaiZulebT~
daeTanxmoT moswavlis pozicias. es axarebs, amxnevebs da aerTianebs moswavleebs. es maTi
erToblivi azris gamarjvebaa, Tqveni mizanic xom es aris _ moswavle Semoqmed, codniT
aRWurvil, iniciativian, xalisian axalgazrdad CamoayaliboT. maTematika mZlavri emociuri
muxtis matarebelia da misi amoqmedeba Tqveni ZalixmeviT miiRweva.
axali masalis ganmtkicebis procesi e. w. `testebis~ àmoxsniT~ SeiZleba daviwyoT. maTi
Sesruleba, ZiriTadad, swori pasuxis SerCeviT unda Semoifarglos _ zogjer SeiZleba ko
mentarebis gakeTebac gaxdes saWiro, moswavle TandaTan eCveva am tipis davalebebis swrafad
Sesrulebas.
swavlebis erT-erTi saintereso da mniSvnelovani formaa jgufuri muSaoba. es muSao
ba SeiZleba saswavlo procesis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawili iyos _ daukavSirdes axali
masalis gaazrebas, praqtikul saqmianobas, an Semajamebeli daskvnis gamotanas; mas SeiZleba
mTeli gakveTilic daeTmos, jgufuri muSaobis warmarTvaSi saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili
masala, an Sesabamisi amocanebis sistema dagexmarebaT. jgufur muSaobas SeiZleba Sejibrebis
saxec mivceT, saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili TamaSebic SeiZleba jgufuri muSaobis for
miT warvmarToT.
Teoriuli masalis gadmocemis Cveneuli meTodika saSualebas gaZlevT airCioT jgufuri
muSaobis moxerxebuli forma; magaliTad, paeqroba jgufebs Soris, romlebsac kapitnebi xe
lmZRvaneloben. jgufebs SeiZleba erTnairi davalebebi mivceT. maSin Tavad jgufebi aqti
21
urad erTvebian miRebuli Sedegebis saerTo ganxilvaSi _ ukeT gauweven oponirebas sxvaTa
mosazrebebs. SeiZleba jgufebSi samuSaobi ganawildes da moswavleTa erToblivi muSaoba
raime erTi amocanis gadawyvetas gulisxmobdes; jgufis wevrebma unda gaiazron, rom maTi
warmateba erTmaneTzea damokidebuli. es zrdis wevrebis pasuxismgeblobas. TanamSromlo
bis xarisxis asamaRleblad SeiZleba cadoT saerTo Sefaseba _ jgufebi asruleben saerTo
davalebas da maTi wevrebi iReben erTnair Sefasebas. Tumca es wesi zogierTi moswavlisTvis
ar unda iqces daumsaxurebeli maRali Sefasebebis miRebis saSualebad.
sasurvelia, rom jgufuri muSaobisTvis gankuTvnili amocana sxvadasxva xerxiT ixsne
bodes. igi saintereso msjelobis saSualebas iZleva.
jgufuri muSaobis daskvniT etapze _ Sedegebis sajaro ganxilvisas Zalze mniSvnelo
vania pedagogis roli moswavleTa mier polemikis koreqtuli formebiT warmarTvaSi, sxvaTa
mosazrebis mosmenis unaris damkvidrebaSi, warmatebisa Tu warumateblobis gamoxatvis mis
aRebi formebis CamoyalibebaSi.
22
Sefasebis zogadi principebi

axal erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi saTanado adgili ukavia Sefasebis principebs. am gegmis
mixedviT TviT skolam unda daadginos zogadi Sefasebis principebi, rac yvela maswavle
blisTvis saxelmZRvanelo principebad unda iqces. kerZod, unda dadgindes is minimaluri
barieri, romlis gadalaxva aucilebelia klasidan klasSi gadasasvlelad.
erovnuli saswavlo gegma gTavazobT im aucilebel midgomebs, romlebsac Sefasebis
sistema unda iTvaliswinebdes:
àkademiuri moswrebis Sefaseba unda iyos xSiri da mravlmxrivi. unda Sefasdes ara mar
to informaciis floba, aramed SeZenili unar-Cvevebi, azrovnebis demonstrirebis formebi
da sxva. saswavlo procesis warmatebiT warmarTvisTvis ar aris sakmarisi moswavle mxolod
sakontroloebis da testebis Sedegebis safuZvelze Sefasdes. maswavlebeli unda afasebdes
moswavles dakvirvebis Sedegad dagrovili monacemebis, namuSevrebis krebulebis, prezen
taciebis, moswavleTa TviTSefasebis, jgufuri muSaobis Tu sxva tipis aqtivobebis mixed
viT. maswavlebelma Sefasebisas unda gaiTvaliswinos moswavlis saganmanaTleblo procesSi
CarTulobis xarisxi, saxlSi micemuli davalebis Sesrulebis xarisxi, gakveTilze aqtiuroba,
SemoqmedebiToba da sxva. aucilebelia, moswavlem winaswar icodes, Tu ra kriteriumebiT
fasdeba misi aqtivoba... moswavle arasaTanado saqcielisTvis (romelic pirdapir ar aris
dakavSirebuli saswavlo procesTan) sagnis niSniT ar unda daisajos...~ Sefasebas ara marto
ar unda dahyvebodes angariSsworebis elferi, aramed Sefaseba unda aRiqmebodes samomavlo,
pozitiuri cvlilebebisken mimarTuli qmedebad.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvrulia, rom niSnebis daweris sistemis (trimestruli
niSani, wliuri niSani da a. S.) moqmedeba V klasidan iwyeba. amasTanave, oficialuri statusi
ara aqvs mimdinare yoveldRiur niSnebs, amitom maswavlebeli sakuTar wignakebSi agrovebs
Sefasebis Sesabamis monacemebs yovel moswavleze. iyenebs Sefasebis or ZiriTad tips _ ganm
sazRvrels da ganmaviTarebels. am ukanasknelis gamoyenebisas niSnis daweras Tan erTvis ko
mentarebi, romliTac vuxsniT moswavles Zlier da sust mxareebs, vexmarebiT mas Sedegebis
gaumjobesebaSi.
moswavlis niSani unda ganisazRvros (magaliTad, trimestruli niSani) mis mier sagnis
Seswavlis sxvadasxva komponentisgan _ gakveTilze CarTuloba, saSinao davaleba, saklaso
davalebebi, sakontrolo wera, proeqti da sxva.
am komponentebisgan skola kaTedrebis meSveobiT SearCevs nawils (sams mainc) romelT
ac wonebi mieniWeba. es wonebi SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos trimestrebis mixedviTac. trimes
tris Sefaseba (umaRlesi qula 10) SeiZleba sxvadasxva komponentis Sefasebisgan davadginoT.
magaliTad, wonebi SeiZleba aseTi iyos: prezentacia _ 25%, gakveTilze aqtiuroba _ 30%,
sakontrolo wera _ 25 %, saSinao davaleba _ 20%. Tu TiToeuli komponentis saSualo Se
fasebebia 6, 9, 10, 8 maSin Sefaseba SeiZleba ase gamovTvaloT:

0,256+0,39+0,2510+0,28=8,3
damrgvalebis Semdeg gvaqvs Sefaseba 8.
Sefasebis sxva, Zalze mniSvnelovani detalebis gacnobis mizniT pedagogebs vurCevT xSir
ad miubrundnen xolme erovnuli saswavlo gegmis saTanado miTiTebebs, radgan es komponenti
saswavlo procesSi Zalze frTxil, obieqtur, gamWvirvale muSaobas saWiroebs. amave gegmis
moTxovniT winaswar unda gairkves: `saSemodgomo~ gamocdasTan dakavSorebuli sakiTxebi, sa
patio mizezebiT xSirad gamcden moswavleebTan damokidebulebis sakiTxebi da sxva.
23
I Tavi
gameoreba. milionze meti ricxvebi

saxelmZRvanelos pirvel Tavs gamorCeuli datvirTva aqvs _ xdeba moswavleTa CarTva
saswavlo ritmSi, swavlis axal _ ufro maRal safexurze asvla, mTeli saswavlo wlisTvis
`tonis micema~. xangrZlivi sazafxuli ardadegebis Semdeg uaRresad aqtualuria adre Seswav
lili sakiTxebis xelaxali gaazreba da SeZenili unarebis gamyareba-ganviTareba. aq CamoTv
lil yvela mizans pasuxobs Cveni saxelmZRvanelos pirveli Tavi _ warmodgenili masaliTa
da misi gadacemis meTodikiT. adre ganxilul sakiTxebs moswavleebs mTeli wlis ganmavloba
Sic SevaxsenebT xolme _ axali sakiTxebis Seswavlis procesSi.
naturalur ricxvTa Tvisebebisa da maTze moqmedebebis safuZvliani codna, ricxvTa poz
iciur sistemaze naTeli warmodgenis Camoyalibeba maTematikis Seswavlis procesis erT-er
Ti qvakuTxedia. am sakiTxebis codnis gaRrmavebis da gafarToebis mizniT davixmarT samo
tivacio amocanebs, TvalsaCino warmodgenebs.
pirvel sayuradRebo nabijebs gadavdgamT algebris mimarTulebiTac. SevadgenT asoiT
gamosaxulebebs, ganvixilavT maTi gamartivebis sakiTxebs. amave TavSi moswavleebi pirvel
(arasrul) warmodgenas Seiqmnian sakoordinato sibrtyeze, roca gaecnobian sakoordinato
bades da amoxsnian saTanado amocanebs. gavimeorebT naturaluri ricxvis naturalurmaCvene
blian xarisxs da misi gamoyenebis magaliTebs.
1. gavixsenoT naturaluri ricxvebis wakiTxvisa da Caweris wesebi

mizani. naturaluri ricxvebis Cawerasa da wakiTxvaSi moswavleTa gawafva; ricxvis
poziciuri sistemiT warmodgenis arsis ukeT gaazreba _ moswavle amoicnobs yoveli pozi
ciis (Tanrigis) mniSvnelobas, wers ricxvebs gaSlili formiT, iyenebs SeZenil codnas amo
canebis amoxsnisas.
es saxelmZRvanelo, rogorc Cveni sxva saxelmZRvaneloebi, ganvlili masalis gameorebiT
iwyeba. kerZod, moswavle kidev ufro unda gaiwafos naturaluri ricxvebis Cawerasa da
wakiTxvaSi (savarjiSoebi
1 - 6 ), man unda gaixsenos Tanrigebis klasebad gaerTianebis
principi, klasebSi Semavali Tanrigebis saxelwodeba, ricxvebis Cawera gaSlili formiT.

magaliTad,

648850=600000+40000+8000+800+50+0.
saxelmZRvanelo exmareba maswavlebels gakveTilis Catarebis gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli
yvela komponenti gaiTvaliswinos; magaliTad moswavleTa motivacia iTvaliswinebs paragrafis
Sesavali, SeiZleba sxva praqtikuli magaliTebis ganxilvac.
ricxvis aseTi saxiT _ gaSlili formiT warmodgena abakis gamoyenebiT ufro Tval
saCino xdeba. saskolo inventarSi abakis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, gakveTilze moswavleTa
nawilma SeiZleba dafaze daweros ricxvebi, sxvebma ki es ricxvebi abakze warmoadginos da
piriqiT, abakze warmodgenili ricxvebi moswavleebma daweron dafaze da Semdeg daasaxelon.
teqstSi suraTze udidesi eqvsniSna ricxvia warmodgenili: 999999. suraTze gamosaxul abakze
Sesalebelia Tu ara am ricxvze 1-iT meti ricxvis _ milionis warmodgena? rogori abakis
damzadebas SemogvTavazeben moswavleebi?
24
paragrafs axlavs Ria da daxurulboloebiani savarjiSoebi klasSi amosaxsnelad da sa

Sinao davalebad.
amocanebis amoxsnaSi CarTeT yvela moswavle _ TiToeuli swori pasuxi sxvaTa mierac
unda iyos gaziarebuli, xolo araswori pasuxi Tavad moswavleebma unda SeniSnon da imsjelon
mis gamosworebaze.
11 savarjiSos Sesrulebisas moswavleebi ixseneben 1-ianiTa da 0-ebiT Caweril ricxve
bze (10-ze, 100-ze da a. S.) gayofisa da gamravlebis wesebs. 13 , 14 , 15
16
amocanebi aris
amocanis amosaxsnelad Semzadeba.
13 amocanaSi erTnairi cifrebis gadanacvleba xdeba, amitom ricxvi ar icvleba.

14 amocanaSi aTaseulis cifris 3-iT gazrda gamoiwvevs ricxvis 3 aTasiT (3000-iT) gaz
rdas.
15 amocanaSi aTaseulis cifri icvleba 1-iT naklebi cifriT, anu ricxvi Semcirdeba 1
000-iT, xolo erTeulis cifri icvleba 1-iT meti cifriT, anu ricxvi izrdeba 1-iT. pasuxi:
ricxvi Semcirdeba 999-iT.
16 amocanis amoxsnisas, isev rogorc 13 amocanaSi, moswavleebi daaskvnian, rom aTi
aTaseulisa da erTeulis cifrebi tolia. amasTanave, isini 0-isgan gansxvavebulia (ricxvi

ar daiwyeba 0-iT). amrigad, aTaseulis Tanrigis cifrze 8-iT naklebi SeiZleba iyos mxolod
cifri 1. moswavleebi am pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT TanamimdevrobiT Seavseben saZiebeli
xuTniSna ricxvis Tanrigebs: 191.
pirobiT, aTeulis cifri aris 1+3=4, aseulis cifri aris 4+1=5. pasuxi: 19541.
klasSi SeiZleba amoixsnas amocanebi rubrikidan `moisazre~. am samuSaos SeiZleba paeqro
bis saxec mieces: moswavleebi daajgufeT ramdenime jgufad (TiToSi 4-5 moswavle). 15-wu
Tiani muSaobis Semdeg moawyveT jgufebis naSromTa mokle prezentacia; Semdeg SeafaseT mo
swavleebi da Sedegebi gaanalizeT.
gTavazobT amocanebis amoxsnis warumatebeli mcdelobis SemTxvevaSi damxmare kiTxvebs:
1 a) ra feris burTulebi `gvawyobs~? (lurji am mwvane)

ra feris burTulebi àr gvawyobs~? (wiTeli)
ras udris im burTulebis odenoba, romlebic àr gvawyobs?~ (9) e. i. 9 burTis amoRebis
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba cxrave wiTeli aRmoCndes. am SemTxvevaSi meaTe burTula aucileblad
iqneba mwvane an lurji. pasuxi: 10.
b) ramdenia im burTulebis odenoba, romlebic àr gvawyobs~? (9+4=13).
e. i. SeiZleba 13 burTis amoRebis SemTxvevaSi cametive aRmoCndes aramwvane. am SeTxvevaSi
me-14 burTi iqneba aucileblad mwvane. pasuxi: 14.
g) yvelaze ùares~ SemTxvevaSi 13 amoRebuli burTulidan SeiZleba arc erTi ar iyos
mwvane, maSin me-14 burTi aucileblad iqneba mwvane da samive feris burTulebs SevagrovebT.
wignis ramdeni gverdia gadanomrili erTniSna ricxvebiT da maT dasawerad ramdeni
cifria saWiro? (9 gverdi, 9 cifri).
ramdeni gverdia gadanomrili orniSna ricxvebiT da maT dasawerad ramdeni cifria
saWiro? (90 gverdi, 180 cifri).
ramdeni gverdia gadanomrili samniSna ricxvebiT da maT dasawerad ramdeni gverdia
saWiro?
(14899=49 gverdi, 493=147 cifri)
sul gamoviyenebT 9+180+147=336 cifrs.
25
wina amocanis amoxsna daexmareba moswavleebs am amocanis gadawyvetaSi. damxmare

3
kiTxvebi:
ramdeni gverdia am wignSi erTniSna ricxvebiT gadanomrili da ramdeni cifria amisTvis
saWiro? (9 gverdi. 9 cifri).
sul didi ramdeni cifri SeiZleba gamoviyenoT orniSna ricxvebiT gverdebis gadasa
nomrad? (902=180).
sul didi ramdeni cifri SeiZleba gamoviyenoT samniSna ricxvebiT gverdebis gadasa
nomrad? (9003=2700).
aris Tu ara am wignSi oTxniSna ricxvebiT gadanomrili gverdebi? (ar aris, radgan
2004<2700+189).
ramdeni cifria saWiro orniSna da erTniSna ricxvebiT gadanomrili gverdebis gadasa
nomrad? (180+9=189).
ramdeni cifria gamoyenebuli am wignis samniSna ricxvebiT gadanomrili gverdebis ga
dasanomrad? (2004189=1815).
ramdeni gverdia gadanomrili samniSna ricxvebiT? (1815:3=605).
ramdeni gverdia wignSi? (605+90+9=704).
ramdenime martiv magaliTze dakvirvebiT moswavleebma SeiZleba daaskvnan, rom mak

lebi 13000-is tolia (75=2, 136=7 _ TiToeul magaliTSi daakvirdiT, ramdeniT naklebia
sxvaoba saklebze). pirobiT, sxvaoba 5000-iT metia maklebze, e. i. sxvaobaa 13000+5000=18000,
saklebia 13000+18000=31000.
saSinao davalebis 12 savarjiSos a) da d) SemTxvevebSi moswavleebma SeiZleba moiy
vanon magaliTebi. SesaZloa msjelobis sagani gaxdes Semdegi faqti, rom a) SemTxveva yovelT
vis (aucileblad) sruldeba _ yoveli eqvsniSna ricxvi naklebia milionze!
d) SemTxvevac yovelTvis sruldeba, garda erTaderTi SemTxvevisa _ roca es ricxvia
100000, anu 100000-is garda yvela eqvsniSna ricxvi metia asi aTasze. moswavleTa mier Sei
Zleba dafiqsirdes udidesi da umciresi eqvsniSna ricxvebi da amis Semdeg gaeces kiTxvas
pasuxi.
13 yovel TanrigSi vcdilobT CavweroT rac SeiZleba mcire cifri, viwyebT umaRlesi
Tanrigidan, radgan ricxvi ar SeiZleba daiwyos 0-iT, amitom is iwyeba 1-iT; Semdeg umciresia
0, 2 da a. S. pasuxi: 102569.
14 aTi aTaseulis cifri Semcirda 4-iT, xolo aseulis cifri gaizarda 4-iT. amitom
es ricxvi Semcirda 40000-iT da gaizarda 400-iT, anu Semcirda 39600-iT.
15
Semcirda 50000-iT da gaizarda 50-iT. amrigad, Semcirda 49950-iT.
16 am ricxvis erTeulis cifri aTi aTaseulis cifrze 8-iT nalebia. amrigad, es ricx
via 86420 an 97531.
Tu moswavleebi sinjvis meTodiT daiwyeben pasuxis Ziebas, darwmundebian, rom
17
ricxvi 12-iT an 21-iT ver daiwyeba. marTlac, 12358? verc 40-iT dawyebuli ricxvi gamodgeba
40448? darCa: 101123, 112358, 202246 da 303369.
yoveli amocanis dawvrilebiT analizi maswavlebels daakvalianebs moswavlis saxelmZRva
nelos gamoyenebasa da saswavlo procesis organizebaSi.
26
sanimuSo gakveTili #1
aqtivoba: jgufuri muSaoba: naturaluri ricxvebis Caweris aTobiTi sistemis Sesaxeb.
aqtivobis mizani. moswavle ukeT Cawvdes ricxvis Caweris poziciuri sistemis arss, mis
upiratesobas arapoziciur sistemasTan SedarebiT; Cawvdes ricxvis Caweris aTobiTi sistemis
arss; daukavSiros zogierTi sididis sazomi erTeulebi Tvlis aTobiT sistemas. moswavlem
SeZlos miRebuli codnisa da saTanado unarebis aqtiurad gamoyeneba praqtikuli saxis
amocanebis gadawyvetaSi.
aucilebeli wina codna.
didi ricxvebis wakiTxva da Cawera.
ricxvis Cawera gaSlili formiT
ricxvis Cawerisas Tanrigebis klasebad dayofa
kavSiri sigrZis sazom erTeulebs Soris
drois sazomi erTeulebi, kavSiri maT Soris.
aqtivobis aRwera
moswavleebs dafaze davuweroT ramdenime ricxvi, romelTa CanawerSi erTi da igive
cifrebia gamoyenebuli. magaliTad, 111, 2222.
moswavleebma TiToeuli ricxvisTvis unda daasaxelon da Caweron sxvadasxva poziciaSi
dawerili erTi da imave cifris mniSvnelobebi, Semdeg ki _ Seadaron es mniSvnelobebi.
magaliTad,

2 2 2 2
2000 + 200 + 20 + 2
anu
2 2 2 2
20010 + 2010 + 210 + 2
anu
2 2 2 2
2101010 + 21010 + 210 + 21
ramdenjer metia yoveli momdevno (ufro maRali) Tanrigis cifris mniSvneloba? (10jer).
ramdennair cifrs viyenebT xolme ricxvebis Cawerisas? (10-s)
swored amitom, ricxvebis am wesiT Cawerisas vRebulobT naturaluri ricxvis aTobiT
Canawers da iqmneba naturaluri ricxvTa aTobiTi sistema. radgan am wesiT ricxvis Cawerisas
yoveli cifris mniSvneloba CanawerSi cifris adgilzea (poziciazea) damokidebuli, amitom
ricxvTa aTobiT sistemas uwodes poziciuri. Tu maRalia klasis akademiuri done, SeiZleba am
etapzeve arsebiTad gaaRrmavoT moswavleTa warmodgenebi poziciur sistemebze; magaliTad,
erToblivad aRweroT Zalze mokled (aTobiTis msgavsad) xuTobiTi sistema da dasvaT
amocana:
ra ricxvs warmoadgens 2222 Canaweri xuTobiT sistemaSi?

2 2 2 2

2555 + 255 + 25 + 2
xuTobiT sistemaSi 2222 warmoadgens 312-s (2555+255+25+2=312) aTobiT sistemaSi. vfiq
robT, am etapze es magaliTic ikmarebs.
amis Semdeg moswavleebs davyofT jgufebad da maT vTavazobT saxelmZRvaneloSi oTxi
cxrilis Sevsebas (I, II, III da IV). isini akvirdebian, aRweren _ masis da sigrZis sazomi
erTeulebis `gamsxvilebisas~ naklebi erTeuli mravldeba 10-ze an 10-is ufro maRal xarisxze.
magaliTad, 1 dm=101 sm, 1 m =101 dm, 1 km=1010101 m.
drois sazomi erTeulebis gamsxvilebisas es kanonzomiereba irRveva _ kavSirebi aTobiT
sistemas ar efuZneba.
amis Semdeg jgufebs vTavazobT baraTebze daweril winadadebebs:
27
5437 mm=5 m 4 dm 3 sm da 7 mm
62135 mm=6 km 2m 1dm 3 sm da 5 mm
7285 wm=7 dRe-Rame 2 sTY 8 wT da 5 wm
627 kg=6 tona 2 cent da 7 kg.
da vTavazobT swori tolobebis amocnobas.
jgufebi pasuxebs waradgenen da Seecdebian Tavisi varaudis dasabuTebas, warmoadgenen
mcdari winadadebebis Sesworebul variantebs.
Semdeg SeiZleba kvlav davubrundeT aTobiT sistemas. magaliTad, ricxvis 111 yoveli
1-iani sxvadasxva mniSvnelobisaa, Tu ar iqneba es Canaweri poziciuri, maSin yoveli 1-iani,
mosalodnelia 1-s aRniSnavdes da 111 simbolo 3-s warmoadgendes. ricxvebis Caweris aseT wess
iyenebs `romauli sistema~, romelSic simbolo 1 aRniSnavs 1-s, V _ xuTs, X _ aTs.
SevTavazoT jgufebs romauli sistemiT Caweron ricxvebi 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.
warmoadginon pasuxebi cxrilis saxiT. moswavleebi Taviseburad ganaTavseben am simboloebs.
magaliTad, 9-is qveS SeiZleba miaweron VIIII, ricxvebis Caweris yoveli mcdeloba unda
waxalisdes maswavleblis mxridan. Tumca, moswavleebs 12-ve ricxvis Canawerebi Tqven unda
gaacnoT. iqneb dasvaT kidec SekiTxva: romauli sistemiT ricxvTa warmodgena savaraudod ra
princips efuZneba? amis Semdeg jgufebi ecnobian saxelmZRvanelos me-3 punqtSi warmodgenil
cxrils. msjelobis sagani unda gaxdes 4-isa da 6-is Canawerebi, movisminoT moswavleTa
varaudebi _ ratom aqvs 5-is Sesabamis V simbolos erT SemTxvevaSi simbolo I marcxnidan
miwerili, meore SemTxvevaSi marjvnidan? mosalodnelia, moswavleebi daaskvnian, rom
marjvnidan miwerili I emateba 5-s, marcxnidan miwerili _ akldeba. am mosazrebas gaamyarebs
9-isa da 11-is. Canawerebi, anu romauli sistema aris ricxvebis Caweris arapoziciuri sistema.
magram, aqac gvxvdeba poziciuri sistemis elementebi _ marjvnidan miwerili naklebi
erTeulebis aRmniSvneli simbolos SemTxvevaSi gviwevs mimateba, marcxnidan miwerili _
gamoklebaze miuTiTebs.
SeiZleba amave muSaobisas (Tu dro dagvrCeba) SevTavazoT jgufebs poziciur sistemasTan
dakavSirebuli amocanebis amoxsna rubrikidan `moisazre~.
aqtivobis Sefaseba
am jgufuri muSaobis Semdeg moswavle gaiazrebs ricxvis Caweris wesebis arss _ poziciuri,
arapoziciuri (kerZod, romauli), aTobiTi; uCndeba momavalSi ricxvebis araaTobiTi
Canawerebis Seswavlis; arapoziciuri sistemebis gacnobis interesebi. SeiZleba (Tumca, es ar
aris aucilebeli) kidev gaaRrmavoT ganxilva: miuTiToT kompiuterul sistemebSi orobiTi
sistemis gamorCeuli rolis Sesaxeb, dasvaT SekiTxva: ramdeni cifri gamoiyeneba orobiT
sistemaSi, rogor Caiwereba 23 (aTobiTi Canaweri) orobiTSi? (10111). ifiqron saxlSi da Semdeg
gakveTilze gaagrZelonN saubari amis Sesaxeb.
28
2. milionze meti ricxvebi

mizani. milionze meti ricxvebis Cawerasa da wakiTxvaSi gawafva, am ricxvebis dakavSire
ba statistikur monacemebTan. ricxvTa poziciuri sistemis, kerZod, aTobiT sistemis arsis
ukeT gaazreba, misi Sedareba arapoziciur sistemebTan. romaul sistemaze pirveli, arasru
li warmodgenis Seqmna, gamoyeneba. axali ricxviTi saxeliT mocemuli ricxvis rigis povna
(anu ramdenniSnaa ricxvi, ramdeni nulia mis CanawerSi).
teqstSi didi ricxvebi dakavSirebulia statistikur monacemebTan, kerZod, sxvadasxva
qveynis mosaxleobis odenobasTan, kosmiur sxeulebs Soris manZilTan. moswavleebi ricx
vebis wakiTxva-aRweraSi gawafvasTan erTad informacias Rebuloben didi qveynebis, Tavisi
samSoblos mosaxleobis odenobis Sesaxeb. amiT iqmneba SesaZlebloba gakeTdes mravalmxrivi
analizi, romelsac calke ganxilvebi SeiZleba mieZRvnas.
CineTSi mcxovrebTa ricxvi miaxloebiT miliard 300 milionia _ 1300000000. aq cifri
3-is mniSvnelobaa samasi milioni. dedamiwaze amJamad miaxloebiT 6500000000 adamini cxov
robs, am ricxvis CanawerSi rva nulia, momavalSi moswavleebi SeZleben iangariSon, planetis
mosaxleobis ra nawils Seadgens CineTis mosaxleoba.
maswavleblis momzadebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqti gakveTilis gegmis Sedgenaa.
gegmis pirveli punqti miznis Camoyalibeba da gaazrebaa. maswavleblis wigni exmareba mas am
miznis gansazRvraSi. yoveli gakveTilis garCevas viwyebT am miznis miTiTebiT. Semdegi etapebi
wina pirobebis gaazrebaa, saWiro resursebis fiqsirebaa. gakveTilis gegmis TiToeuli etapis
Sesaxeb yoveli Temis ganxilvisas gveqneba saubari maswavleblis wignSi. moswavleTa aqtivobebi,
rogorc ZiriTadi miznis daxasiaTebas, aseve maT motivacias ukavSirdeba, am mimarTulebiT
moswavlis saxelmZRvanelo dagexmarebaT _ TiTqmis yvela Temis damuSaveba garkveuli
praqtikuli situaciebisa da am situaciebSi axali maTematikuri obieqtebis gamoyenebas
ukavSirdeba. moswavleTa aqtivobebisa da codnis gamyarebasTan dakavSirebuli davalebebi
dawvrilebiTaa garCeuli maswavleblis wignSi. maswavleblis wigni exmareba maswavlebels
saSinao da saklaso davalebebSi gamoarCios amocanebi maTematikuri SejibrebebisTvis,
amocanebi maTematikaSi maRali warmatebiT gamorCeul, an SedarebiT sust moswavleebTan
muSaobisTvis; maswavleblis wignSi ki mocemulia davalebebi damoukidebeli da Semajamebeli
sakontrolo muSaobisTvis.
davubrundeT milionze meti ricxvebis ganxilvas.
teqstSi moyvanilia yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi didi ricxvebis dasaxelebis magaliTebi. Sei
Zleba moswavleebma gaagrZelon am saxelebis gadataniTi mniSvnelobis magaliTebis moyvana.
magaliTad,
gareT _ atlasi, SigniT _ aTasi (xalxuri);
aTasma azrma gamielva;
ena rom gasatexi iyos, aqamde aTas adgils gadatydeboda (ilia);
ybad agiRo, cils gwamebs, ambobs aTas rameebs (akaki).
moswavleebma SeiZleba Tavisi sityvebiT axsnan gamonaTqvamebi:
aTasSi erTxel gamaxsendeba;
milioni azri mitrialebs;
es ambavi milionma adamianma gaigo.
am magaliTebiT warmodegenilia damatebiTi sasargeblo resursebis gamoyenebis
SesaZleblobebi swavlebis procesSi.
da
savarjiSoebSi moswavleebs vTxovT ricxvis aTobiT Canawers. amaSi igulisx
meba ricxvis Canaweri Tvlis aTobiT sistemaSi am terminis mniSvnelobaSi moswavleebi para
grafis bolos gaTvaliswinebuli jgufuri muSaobisas gaerkvevian. aqvea araaTobiTi sistemis
pirveli nimuSi (arasrulad warmodgenili).
29
zogierTi didi ricxvis Canaweri da saxeli savarjiSoebSi gvxvdeba, magaliTad, 10 sa

varjiSoSi warmodgenilia trilioni, kvadrilioni da kvintilioni. am savarjiSos Sesrulebi
sas moswavleebi isargebleben saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili cxriliT.
gavamaxviloT yuradReba, rom 1 kvadrilionis CanawerSi 15 nulia; 10 kvadrilionis Canaw
erSi _ 16 nuli, es ricxvi 1 kvadrilionze 10-jer metia. 100 kvadrilioni 100-jer metia 1
kvadrilionze, mis CanawerSi 17 nulia, es aris pasuxi 10 savarjiSos g) da d) kiTxvebze,
danarCeni klasebis TanrigebisTvisac davsvaT analogiuri kiTxvebi, gaavarjiSeT moswavleebi
erTi da imave klasis Tanrigebis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebaSi. z) miliardis CanawerSi 9 nu
lia, 1000 miliardi miliardis 1000-ze gamravlebiT miiReba _ miliards mivawerT 3 nuls,
es ricxvi Seicavs 9+3=12 nuls.
analogiurad, T) 1000 aTasi aris 1000 gamravlebuli 1000-ze, am ricxvis CanawerSi 6 nu
lia.
i) trilionis CanawerSi 12 nulia, Tu mas 1000-ze gavamravlebT, miiReba ricxvi, romlis
CanawerSi 12+3=15 nulia.
k) 1000 kvadrilionis CanawerSi 15+3=18 nulia.
moisazre
_ am rublikiT SemoTavazebuli amocanebi SeiZleba jgufuri mu

SobisTvisac gamoviyenoT, romelsac Sejibris saxes miscemT. Sejibris dawyebamde moTel
vis mizniT gTavazobT amocanas, romelzec moswavleebi zepirad, adgilidan gascemen pa
suxs: saSinao davalebad maswavlebelma mogcaT savarjiSoebi #21-dan #34-is CaTvliT. ramdeni
savarjiSos Sesruleba mogviwevT? SeiZleba moswavleTa nawilisgan miiRoT mcdari pasuxi:
3421=13. am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba damatebiTi kiTxvebic daixmaroT: ramdeni amocanaa 1-dan 34is CaTvliT da ramdeni ar mogcaT maswavlebelma davalebad? am kiTxvis Semdeg moswavleebi
amocanis amosaxsnelad Seasruleben moqmedebas _ 3420=14.
moTelvis Semdeg
1 amocanis I punqtis sapasuxod umciresi da udidesi samniSna ricx
vebis gaxsenebac ikmarebs: 100 da 999. samniSna ricxvebis odenobaa 99999=900; amdeni samniSna
ricxvis Casawerad saWiroa 9003=2700 cifri,
2 miuxedavad saxelmZRvaneloSi arsebuli miTiTebisa, moswavleebma am amocanis amox

snis ramdenime gza SeiZleba SemogvTavazon. yoveli maTgani yuradRebiT unda ganvixiloT,
wavaxalisoT moswavleebi.
3 II striqoni miiReba I striqonis ricxvebis 3-ze gamravlebiT, IV striqoni _ I striqo

nis ricxvebis 3-ze gamravlebiT da 1-is mimatebiT. III striqonisTvis aseTi martivi kanonzo
miereba ar Cans. amitom `zedmetad~ mas miviCnevT.
am tipis amocanebis amoxsnis Zieba moswavleebs enTuziazms matebs. Sedegic Zalze sayu
radReboa _ moswavleebi inviTareben kanonzomierebaTa, hipoTezebis aRmoCenis unars, kri
tikul damokidebulebas sawyisi mosazrebebis mimarT (rogorc es IIIO striqonisTvis xdeba).
sxvaTa mosazrebebis aRiarebis an oponirebis unars, iReben drois garkveul SualedSi maqsi
maluri Sedegis miRwevis gamocdilebas.
4 milioni aTasze 1000-jer metia, miliardi milionze 1000-jer metia, trilioni mil
iardze 1000-jer metia. am kanonzomierebas arRvevs àTi miliardi~.
5 SesaZloa 4 amocanis ricxvebi gaimeoron: erTi, aTasi, milioni, miliardi, tril

ioni; an xuTi, 5 aTasi, 5 milioni, 5 miliardi, 5 trilioni.
30
am amocanis amoxsnisas SeiZleba saklaso savarjiSoebidan 10 -Si warmodgenili cxrili

gamoiyenon. yuradReba gavamaxviloT im faqtze, rom yoveli momdevno klasis erTeuli (um
ciresi Tanrigis erTeuli) misi wina klasis erTeulze 1000-jer metia, iqneb mizezebzec im
sjelon. yovel klass 3 Tanrigi qnis, anu yoveli klasis erTeulis CanawerSi 3-iT meti nulia
wina klasis erTeulis CanawerTan SedarebiT, 3 nulis miwera ki 1000-ze gamravlebis Sedegia.
jgufuri
naturaluri ricxvebis Caweris aTobiTi sistemis Sesaxeb

naturaluri ricxvebis cifrebiT Canawers aTobiTi Canaweri vuwodeT. rasTan aris
dakavSirebuli am terminis gamoyeneba?
ratom vuwodebT ricxvebis Caweris Cvens mier gamoyenebul wess poziciurs?
jgufur muSaobas SeiZleba misceT paeqrobis saxe. moswavleTa warmatebuli prezentacie
bi unda Sefasdes da waxalisdes. yvela jgufi erTsa da imave davalebas asrulebs. ganxilvac
yvelas monawileobiT unda Catardes. gamorCeuli yuradReba dauTmeT moswavleTa naazrevis
gadmocemis xarisxs, formas. sayuradReboa maTi mosazrebebi romauli sistemis Sesaxeb, misi
da aTobiT sistemis SedarebiTi analizi, sayuradReboa agreTve _ aRmoaCenen Tu ara moswav
leebi, rom sigrZis erTeulTa ori erTobliobidan erT-erTSi `gamsxvileba~ imave principiT
xdeba, rac aTobiT sistemaSi, meore erTobliobaSi _ ara.
maswavlebels SeiZleba damatebiTi kiTxvebiT mouwios gamarjvebuli gundis gamovlena.
moswavleebs TxoveT daasaxelon is xelsawyoebi, romelTa moqmedeba dakavSirebulia aTo
biTi principis gamoyenebasTan (gazis eleqtromricxveli, avtomobilis mier gavlili manZi
lis mricxveli da sxva). sasurvelia am xelsawyoze monacemTa Cvenebis mokle aRwera.
saswavlo procesi gulisxmobs periodul monitorings. damoukidebeli wera warmoadgens
moswavleTa mier
masalis aTvisebis xarisxisa da miRebuli codnis gamoyenebis unaris
Semowmebis erT-erT saSualebas. Cven periodulad SemogTavazebT weriTi samuSaoebis
savaraudo variantebs Sesabamisi Sefasebis sarekomendacio sqemiT. rekomendaciebi Sefasebis
principebis, maT Soris zogadi principebis Sesaxeb, ixileT am saxelmZRvanelos 22-e gverdze.
damoukidebeli wera #1
Tema:
naturaluri ricxvebis wakiTxvisa da Caweris wesebi;

milionze meti ricxvebi.
1. dawereT mocemul ricxvSi xazgasmuli cifris mniSvneloba: 587641.
1) 7641
2) 7
3) 7000
4) 700000.
2. CawereT mocemuli ricxvi gaSlili formiT: 406080331.
1) 40+60+80+331
2) 400000000+6000000+80000+300+30+1
3) 400000000+60000000+30000000+300000+1
4) 400000+60000+8000+300+30+1.
3. warmoadgineT as xuTi miliard 7 milion asi aTas ocdaerTis aTobiTi Canaweri.
1) 105700100021
2) 1050710021
3) 105007100021
4) 105710021.
4. warmoadgineT ricxvis mokle sityvieri Canaweri: 260425310.
1) 260 miliard 425 aTas 310
2) 2 miliard 60 milion 425 aTas 310
3) 26 miliard 42 milion 5 aTas 310
4) 260 milion 425 aTas 310.
31
5. Tu eqvsniSna ricxvSi wavSliT asi aTaseulis Tanrigis cifrs _ 3-s, maSin es ricxvi
Semcirdeba
1) 300000-iT
2) 3-iT
3) 3-jer
4) 30000-iT.
6. rvaniSna ricxvSi Secvales erTi cifri da es ricxvi 40 aTasiT gaizarda. Secvlili
cifri
1) aTeulis Tanrigisaa
2) aTaseulis Tanrigisaa
3) aTi aTaseulis Tanrigisaa
4) asi aTaseulis Tanrigisaa.
7. mocemulia ricxvi 9068347. misi romeli cifrebi unda wavSaloT, rom miviRoT:
a) umciresi SesaZlebeli oTxniSna ricxvi;
b) udidesi SesaZlebeli xuTniSna ricxvi?
8. mocemulia cifrebi: 0, 1, 2, 4, 9. SeiZleba TuU ara am xuTive cifris gamoyenebiT CaweroT
xuTniSna ricxvi, romlis aTaseulebis klasis cifrTa jami 2-iT aRemateba erTeulebis klasis
cifrebis jams? dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi warmoadgineT yvela SesaZlebeli ricxvi.
Sefasebis sarekomendacio sqema.
testuri tipis (daxurulboloiani) amocanebidan TiToeulSi swori pasuxis miTiTeba
Sefasdes 1 quliT, arasworis _ 0 quliT.
me-7 amocana _ 2; 1 an 0 quliT _ a-punqti 1 quliT da b-punqti 1 quliT.
me-8 amocanis amoxsnac 2; 1 an 0 quliT Sefasdes _ erTi mainc SesaZlebeli ricxvis
warmodgenisTvis 1 qula, eqvsive SesaZlebeli ricxvis warmodgenisTvis kidev 1 qula.
pasuxebi da miTiTebebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad.
7. a) mocemuli ricxvi SvidniSnaa; amrigad, moswavlem unda waSalos sami cifri: 9; 0 da

8: 9068347 , miiReba: 6347.
b) unda waiSalos ori cifri: 0 da 6, anu 9068347 , miiReba: 98347.
8. SeiZleba, es ricxvebia: 90421, 90412, 90241, 90214, 90142, 90124.
damoukidebeli wera SeiZleba maswavlebelma CamorCenil moswavleebTan damatebiTi
muSaobis Casatareblad gamoiyenos, maT SeTavazos gamotovebuli varianti, an im dros, roca
sxvebi asruleben davalebas, maTTan damatebiTi mecadineoba Caataros.
maswavleblis yuradRebis miRma arcerTi moswavle ar unda darCes.
3. vadarebT da valagebT naturalur ricxvebs

mizani. ricxvebis Sedarebaze moswavleTa warmodgenebis gaRrmaveba; raodenobrivi maCve
neblis mixedviT monacemebis elementaruli analizis unaris ganviTareba. kerZod, monacemTa
erTobliobaSi monacemebis poziciis gansazRvra (magaliTad, qveynebis dalageba mosaxleobis
odenobis zrdis an klebis mixedviT).
paragrafSi moyvanil cxrilSi qveynebi ar aris mosaxleobis odenobis mixedviT dalagebu
li. cxrili anbanis mixedviTaa Sedgenili. moswavles am gakveTilze mouwevs Seadaros cxril
Si moyvanili ricxvebi Sedarebis misTvis ukve cnobili wesis mixedviT. Sedarebas viwyebT
32
Tanrigebis odenobaTa SedarebiT. maTi tolobis SemTxvevaSi vadarebT ricxvebis udidesi

Tanrigebis erTeulebs. metia is ricxvi, romlis Sesabamisi Tanrigis pirvelive gansxvavebuli
cifri aris meti. ricxvebis klebis mixedviT dalagebis Semdeg moswavleebi amave Tanamim
devrobiT daalageben Sesabamis qveynebs. es statistikuri monacemebis damuSavebis pirveli
nabijebia.
moswavleebs proeqtis saxiT vTavazobT or amocanas, moswavleTa erT nawils mouwevs
cnobarebSi moiZios monacemebi sxvadasxva qveynis mosaxleobis odenobis Sesaxeb. maT SeuZli
aT qveynebi Tavisi interesis mixedviT amoirCion, warmoadginon monacemebis cxrilis saxiT.
momdevno gakveTilze SesaZloa mopovebuli informaciebiT mTelma klasma erTi mozrdili
cxrili gaakeTos. magaliTad, viRebT romelime moswavlis cxrils, yoveli momdevno moswavle
masSi ganalagebs Tavis monacemebs (qveynebs, mosaxleobis odenobas) saTanado adgilze. am sa
muSaos Sesruleba kompiuteris daxmarebiT umjobesia: viyenebT programa word-s, mis SesaniS
nav Tvisebas _ svetebad CamobeWdil qveynebs Soris momdevno moswavlis mier qveynis Casmi
sas svetSi qveynebis dasaxelebebi Tavad wainacvlebs; SeiZleba baraTebze dawerili qveynebis
saxelebi dafaze miamagroT da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi waanacvloT.
am samuSaos Sesrulebisas moswavle iwafeba ricxvebis SedarebaSi, kompiuteris gamoy
enebaSi. SesaZloa es gakveTili bunebis maswavlebelTan erTad Catardes da integrirebuli
saxe mieces. danarCeni moswavleebi analogiuri gzebiT moiZieben informacias planetebis Ses
axeb. am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebs mouwevT erTi da imave erTobliobis orgvarad warmodgena
(masebis mixedviT, manZilebis mixedviT). aRsaniSnavia orive saproeqto amocanis SemecnebiTi
mniSvnelobac
zemoT warmodgenili rekomendaciebi exmareba maswavlebels sxvadasxva strategiis,
teqnikis, didaqtikuri xerxisa Tu informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiis gamoyenebaSi.
savarjiSos v) z) magaliTebSi marcxena ricxvi eqvsniSnaa, marjvena _ xuTniSna. mo

swavleebi kidev erTxel gaixseneben: Tu Sesadarebeli ori ricxvidan erT-erTi `metniSnaa~
_ misi Tanrigebis odenoba metia, maSin am ricxvTa cifrebis Sedareba saWiro aRar aris _
`metniSna~ ricxvi metia.
11 savarjiSo moswavleebs uviTarebs martivi cxriliT warmodgenili monacemebis el

ementaruli analizis unars. kerZod, cxrilis saxiT warmodgenili monacemebis `wakiTxvis~/
gagebis unars.
13 amocanaSi a) da b) savarjiSoebSi mocemuli ricxvebidan metia `metniSna~ ricxvebi, g)
savarjiSoSi, Tu II ricxvi iwyeba 9-ze naklebi cifriT, maSin cxadia, I metia II-ze, Tu meore
ricxvi iwyeba 9-iT, maSin momdevno _ aTaseulis Tanrigis SedarebiT kvlav vRebulobT: I
metia II-ze, e. i. nebismier SemTxvevaSi I ricxvi metia II-ze. analogiurad, d) savarjiSoSi II
ricxvi daiwyeba 1-iT, Tu 1-ze meti ricxviT, mainc II ricxvi metia I-ze.
14 amocanaSi meore ricxvis erTeulis cifria 0, aTeulis cifri nulze metia. amitom
es ricxvi metia pirvel ricxvze.
15 amocanaSi imsjeleT ninikos Secdomebze. mogiwevT sigrZis, masis, dros erTeuleb
is da maT Soris kavSirebis gaxseneba. miaqcieT yuradReba: b) punqtSi zogierTi moswavle
Seecdeba 1000 wm gadaiyvanos saaTebSi, es ufro rTuli gzaa, magram sworia da waxalisebas
imsaxurebs.
amocanis amoxsnisas SeiZleba moswavlem gamoTvalos 355+50 gamosaxulebis mniS
20
vneloba da Seadaros 2 lars, anu 200 TeTrs. SeiZleba ase imsjelos: 4 cali 50-TeTriani
33
Seadgens 2 lars. 1 cali 50-TeTriani mWirdeba nayinisTvis, 3 cal 55 TeTrian purs 3 cali
50 TeTriani ar eyofa.
or avtobusSi 72 adgilidan 23+18=41 adgili ukve dakavebulia da darCenilia
21
7241=31 adgili, es adgilebi yofnis ninikos klasis moswavleebs, mSobels da damrigebels,
maTi odenoba zustad 31-ia, (29+1+1). msjeloba SeiZleba asec warimarTos: I avtobusSi aris
3623=13 Tavisufali adgili, II-Si _ 3618=18. sul _ 13+18=31 (adgili).
moisazre
1 saZiebeli ricxvi samniSnaa, misi aseulis Tanrigis cifria 1, erTeulis Tanrigis ci
fria _ 3. aTeulis Tanrigi moswavlem SeiZleba sinjvis meTodiT daadginos. pasuxi: 123.
2 999 981-ze meti eqvsniSna ricxvis aseulis an ufro maRali Tanrigis cifri ar Sei
Zleba meti iyos mocemuli ricxvis Sesabamisi Tanrigis cifrze. erTeulis Tanrigis cifri,
pirobiT, 1-ia. darCa aTeulis Tanrigi, romelic unda iyos 9-is toli. pasuxi: 999 991.
3 xelis CamorTmevaTa odenobis dasaTvlelad ninikos kargi gza aurCevia, Tumca yoveli
xelis CamorTmeva orjeraa daTvlili _ mis mier CamoTvlil wyvilebSi erTnairi cifrebiT
Cawerili ricxvebi erTi da imave wyvilis xelis CamorTmevas aRniSnavs (magaliTad, 36 da 63
_ orive warmoadgens, me-3 da me-6 megobris xelis CamorTmevas). amitom cxrilis elementebis
odenoba _ 72 unda gaiyos 2-ze. pasuxi: 36.
SeiZleba moswavleTa msjeloba warvmarToT damxmare kiTxvebiT.
ramden megobars CamoarTva xeli TiToeulma? (8-s).

89=72
ramdenjer davTvaleT TiTo xelis CamorTmeva? (2-jer. magaliTad me-6 da me-3 megobars
Soris xelis CamorTmeva orjer davTvaleT).
ramdeni xelis CamorTmeva Sedga? (72:2=36).
orive SemTxvevaSi gadaTvlis erTsa da imave princips viyenebT, Tumca II gzam cxrilis
Sedgenas agvarida.
am amocanis amoxsna xisebri diagramiTac SeiZleba warmovadginoT:
1
23456789
2
13456789
3
12456789
. . .
cifrebis yoveli wyvili (megobrebis nomrebi) orjeraa SeerTebuli wiboTi. sul 72 wyvi
lia, yoveli maTgani orjer dasaxelda.
me-3 amocanis ramdenime gziT amoxsnis Semdeg me-4 da me-5 amocanebis yovel SemTxvevas
moswavleebi swrafad upasuxeben. Tu megobrebis odenoba 6-ia, xelis CamorTmevaTa odenoba
iqneba (65):2=15;
roca megobrebis odenoba 7-ia _ (76):2=21;
roca megobrebis odenoba aris 8 _ (87):2=28.
5 (109):2=45.
am amocanebis seria daexmareba moswavleebs SemdgomSi ufro rTuli kombinatoruli amo
canebis amoxsnisas gamravlebis wesis gamoyenebaSi.
wignSi warmodgenili esa Tu is amocana klass SeTavazeT xolme mxolod mas Semdeg, roca
miiCnevT, rom is Tqven mier Sedgenili gakveTilis gegmis organuli nawilia, gaqvT misi
ganxilvisTvis saWiro dro da es ganxilva iqneba warmatebuli. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
34
moTxovnebis warmatebuli gadawyveta ar gulisxmobs uklebliv yvela amocanis amoxsnas.

Tumca, Tu klasis akademiuri done maRalia, saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili yvela amocanis
ganxilva savsebiT miRwevadia.
4. amocanebis amoxsna
mizani. amocanebis amoxsnisas amocanis Sinaarsis gagebis, amoxsnis strategiis gansazRvr
is da ganxorcielebis, Sesasrulebeli samuSaos Sedegis Semowmebisa da gaanalizebis unaris
ganviTareba.
paragrafSi aRwerilia amocanis amoxsnis etapebi _ 4 etapi. yoveli maTgani
gasagebi
gaxdeba moswavlisTvis konkretuli amocanebis amoxsnisas. amocanebis amoxsnis dawyebamde
SeiZleba gavixsenoT:
ra moqmedebas vasrulebT saerTo odenobis sapovnelad? (Sekrebas).
sasurvelia moswavleebma Tavad moifiqron Sesabamisi situaciebi. magaliTad, diliT am
ovxseni 6 amocana, saRamos _ 5. sul ramdeni amocana amovxseni?
dedam momca 15 lari, mamam _ 28 lari. ramdeni lari momces mSoblebma?
ra moqmedebiT SeiZleba SevcvaloT Sekreba, roca toli Sesakrebebi gvaqvs? (gamrav
lebiT).
magaliTad, maswavlebelma klasis 20 moswavlidan TiToeuls 3 rveuli moatanina. ramdeni
rveuli Segrovda klasSi?

3+3+...+3=203=60.

20-jer
ra moqmedebas viyenebT nivTebis tolad gadanawilebisas? (gayofas).
magaliTad, 48 wigns 3 Taroze tolad vanawilebT. TiTo Taroze unda davdoT 48:3=16
wigni.
20 kanfets 4 megobari Tanabrad inawilebs. TiTos Sexvdeba 20:4=5 kanfeti.
ra moqmedebas vasrulebT ricxvebis Sedarebisas? (gamoklebas)
magaliTad, ramdeni wliT ufrosia 51 wlis marika 23 wlis rusudanze?
am kiTxvebiT gavixsenebT im SemTxvevebs, roca oTxive moqmedebidan ama TuU im moqmedebas
virCevT. moswavleTa mier SemoTavazebuli yoveli amocana unda iqnes ganxiluli, maT Soris
sainteresoTa avtorebi _ waxalisebuli.
# 7
amocanaSi marTkuTxedis sigrZea 1603=480 m, perimetris gamosaTvleli gamosaxule
baa 1602+4802 an (160+480)2. am gamosaxulebis miReba mniSvnelovnad gagviadvilebs momavalSi

marTkuTxedis perimetris gamosaTvleli formulebis miRebas.
moswavle 706 gamosaxulebas Seadarebs 420-s da daaskvnis _ am manZilis gavlas zus
tad 6 sT sWirdeba. SeiZleba zogierTma maTganma 420:6 ganayofi Seadaros 70-s, anu upasuxos
kiTxvebs: ra siCqariT unda imoZraos avtomobilma, rom 6 sT-Si 420 km gaiaros?
10 570-is 90-ze gayofisas ganayofia 6, naSTia 30. am 30 adamianisTvisac saWiroa kidev

erTi _ me-7 reisi, romlis drosac TviTmfrinavi mTlianad ar Seivseba.
35
13 cxadia, sqemaze (romelic rveulSi unda gakeTdes) unda miuTiTon qalaqebs Soris
manZili: 704=280 km.

280 km
3 . 15 km
14 yuTebSi 350 wignia. TiToeul yuTSi wignebis odenobis dasadgenad saWiroa vicodeT
yuTebis odenoba (magaliTad, 10), amasTanave yuTebSi wignebis Tanabari odenoba unda iyos.
msgavsi amocanebis mofiqrebiT moswavleebs unviTardebaT SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis un
ari, uCndebaT motivacia amoxsnan megobris mier mofiqrebuli amocana; Seadaron, gaanali
zon es amocanebi; unviTardebaT oponirebis unari. magaliTad, kritikulad unda ganixilon
amocana, romelSic avtomobilis siCqare aRmoCnda 2 km/sT, an 500 km/sT, an qalaqebs Soris
manili 20 000 km miiRes da a. S.
16 moswavleebSi xSirad `2-jer meti~ ukavSirdeba gamravlebis operacias, xolo `nak

lebi~ _ gamoklebas. yuradRebiT gaacaniT amocana moswavleebs da isini I SemTxvevaSi Seas
ruleben gayofas, II SemTxvevaSi _ mimatebas.
saSinao
saSinao davalebis amocanebi
2 sT-Si 35 km; 105 aris 35-ze 3-jer meti, e. i. droc 3-jer meti daixarjeba _ 6 sT.
nucas zedmeti 8 lari Tanabrad unda ganawildes: 4 lari ubrundeba nucas, 4 lari
_ paatas.
3
Tu davubrunebT giorgis Tavis 12 lars, miviRebT mis Tavdapirvel Tanxas: 30+12=42.
daxarja - 9, darCa _ 18, hqonda 18+9=27.
nikam daxarja 10, darCa _ 7, hqonda _ 17. Tornikesac hqonda 17. daixarja 17+10=27.
2 sT-Si Camoedineba 1 litri wyali, 10 sT-Si _ 5 litri.
3674 km aris amocanis zusti pasuxi. miaxloebiT gaiara 2000+900+1000=3900 km.
amocana momdevno gakveTilze gansjis sagani unda gaxdes: orive sacavSi darCa
17
12+24=36kg Warxali.
orive sacavidan erTad 100(12+24)=64 kg Warxali gautaniaT.
ramdeni gautaniaT TiToeulidan _ amis gageba SeuZlebelia damatebiTi pirobis gareSe.
gavaanalizoT TiToeuli moswavlis mier damatebuli piroba. magaliTad, SeiZleba daematos,
rom
Tavdapirvelad orive sacavSi toli odenobis Warxali iyo (TiToSi 50 kg, I-dan gauta
niaT 5012=38 kg, meoredan _ 5024=26 kg).
18 natam gacura 850=400 m, gasacuri darCa 1000400=600 metri. 600 metris gasacurad
natam auzi 600:50=12-jer unda gadacuros.
36
moisazre
vagrZelebT kombinatoruli xasiaTis amocanebze muSaobas. saxelmZRvaneloSi moswav

les vTavazobT variantebis amoweras Semdegi kanonzomierebiT:
kodi, romelic Seicavs zustad erT 1-ians _ 0001, 0010, 0100, 1000;
kodi romelic Seicavs or 1-ians _ 1100, 1010, 1001, 0110, 0101, 0011;
kodi, romeli Seicavs zustad sam 1-ians _ 1110, 1101, 1011, 0111. aq SeiZleba moswavle
mixvdes, rom tolia im kodebis odenobebi, romlebic Seicavs zustad erT 1-ians an zustad
sam 1-ians (igivea, rac erT 0-ians). miviReT 14 varianti.
SesaZloa moswavleTa nawilma ase imsjelos: kodis yovel TanrigSi aris ori SesaZle
bloba 0 an 1. wina TanrigSi yovel arCevans Seesabameba momdevno Tanrigis ori SesaZlebloba,
sul 2222=16 varianti, romlidanac pirobis Tanaxmad unda gamoiricxos ori varianti: 0000
da 1111. SesaZloa xisebri diagramis gamoyenebac, Tumca yoveli me-5 klaselisTvis varian
tebis aRweris aseTi forma SesaZloa ar iyos martivad aRsaqmeli.
I Tanrigi
II Tanrigi
III Tanrigi
0
0
1
0
IV Tanrigi
0 1
0 1 0 1

an
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
16 varianti
zemoT miTiTebuli ori variantis gamoricxviT miiReba 14 varianti.
37
sakontrolo wera #1
Tema:

naturaluri ricxvebis Sedareba da dalageba

amocanebis amoxsna
standartis moTxovnis gadawyvetilebiT, Semajamebeli sakontrolo werisTvis davalebebis

SerCeva maswavleblis sagnobrivi kompetenciebis Semadgeneli nawilia; gansxvavebuli
sirTulis savarjiSoebis SerCevisa da Sedgenis mimarTulebiT kompetenciebis ganviTarebaSi
maswavlebels Cven mier SemoTavazebuli nimuSebi da maTi Sefasebis kriteriumebi daexmareba.
cxadia, maswavlebels SeuZlia gansxvavebuli variantebi SesTavazos moswavleebs, SesaZlebelia
saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili amocanebi Seicvalos analogiuri amocanebiTac. Cven swored
aseT rekomendacias vuwevT pedagogebs, raTa Tavidan aviciloT sakontrolo amocanaTa
winaswari gacnoba moswavleebis mier.
1. daalageT klebis mixedviT ricxvebi: 12 miliard 416 aTasi, 21 milion 641 aTasi, 12
milion 164 aTasi.
1) 21 milion 641 aTasi, 12 miliard 416 aTasi, 12 milion 164 aTasi
2) 21 milion 641 aTasi, 12 milion 164 aTasi, 12 miliard 416 aTasi
3) 12 miliard 416 aTasi, 21 milion 641 aTasi, 12 milion 164 aTasi

4) 12 milion 164 aTasi, 21 milion 641 aTasi, 12 miliard 416 aTasi.
2. ra cifri unda CavsvaT gamotovebul adgilze, rom swori utolobebi miviRoT:

810535<81 435<819535?

1) mxolod 5
3) nebismieri cifri
2) mxolod 9
4) nulisgan gansxvavebuli nebismieri cifri.
3. gamoiyeneT samive mocemuli cifri 5, 8, 9 da CawereT ricxvi, romelic metia 895-ze

da naklebia 985-ze.
1) 958
2) 589
3) 859
4) 598.
4. daamrgvaleT 2590867 aseulamde, aTaseulamde, aTi aTaseulamde, asi aTaseulamde da
milionamde. daalageT, miRebuli ricxvebi zrdis an klebis mixedviT. romelia am dalagebaSi
mesame ricxvi?
1) 2600000
2) 2590000
3) 2590900
4) 3000000.
5. vTqvaT, niSnakebiT dafarulia cifrebi. SeiZleba Tu ara SevadaroT xuTniSna
ricxvebi: 135 da 97?
1) ar SeiZleba
2) SeiZleba; meore ricxvia meti
3) SeiZleba; pirveli ricxvia meti
4) SeiZleba, es ricxvebi xuTniSnaa, amitom tolia.
6. marTkuTxedis gverdebia 12 sm da 10 sm, samkuTxedisa ki _ 19 sm, 11 sm da 10 sm. romeli
figuris perimetria meti?
1) pasuxis gasacemad monacemebi sakmarisi ar aris
2) samkuTxedis
3) am figurebis perimetrebi tolia
4) marTkuTxedis.
7. quTaisidan sofelSi mimavalma giorgim avtobusiT 2 saaTi imgzavra. yovel saaTSi is
60 km-s gadioda. amis Semdeg mas gasavleli darCa 35 km. sul ra manZili hqonia gasavleli
giorgis?
38
8. puris qarxanam sam maRazias Tanabari odenobis puri miawoda. pirvelma maRaziam gayida
56 cali puri, meorem _ mxolod 14 _ zustad imdeni, rac darCa gasayidi pirvel maRazias;
mesame maRaziam gayida imdenive puri, rac pirvelma da meorem erTad. ramdeni puri darCa
gasayidi samive maRazias?
SeniSvna: warmodgenilia sakontrolo weris savaraudo varianti. sasurvelia misi
gamoyenebiT Sedges odnav gansxvavebuli ramdenime bileTi, gamravldes da daurigdes
moswavleebs Sesasruleblad.
pasuxebi da miTiTebebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad:
7. 602+35=155 (km)
8. amocanis piroba SeiZleba sqemiT warmovadginoT:
II
I
gaiyida
56
darCa
14
gaiyida
14
III
darCa
56
gaiyida
56+14
darCa
0
amrigad, gasayidi darCa 14+56=70 (puri).

Sefasebis sarekomendacio sqema.
testuri tipis amocanebidan TiToeulSi swori pasuxis miTiTeba Sefasdes 1 quliT,
araswori _ 0 quliT. me-7 amocana _ 2; 1 an 0 quliT (mTeli manZilis gamosaTvleli
gamosaxulebis Sedgena, an avtobusiT gavlili manZilis povna _ 1 qula, amocanis pasuxis
miReba _ kidev 1 qula); me-8 amocana _ 2; 1; an 0 quliT (sqemis Sedgena, an TiToeul maRaziaSi
mitanili puris odenobis, an meore maRaziaSi darCenili odenobis povna _ 1 qula, pasuxi
_ kidev 1 qula).
pedagogebs kidev erTxel SevaxsenebT, rom skolaSi moqmedi Sefasebis zogadi principebi
skolis saswavlo gegmis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens _ maT Tavad skola amtkicebs. am
principebs unda efuZnebodes yvela saxis Sefaseba, kerZod, sakontrolo naSromis gasworebis
kriteriumic. pedagogma Tavad unda SeimuSavos gasworebis kriteriumebi. Cvens mosazrebebs
mxolod sarekomendacio xasiaTi aqvs. pedagogi unda iTvaliswinebdes, rom misi kriteriumi
garkveulwilad gansazRvravs mis damokidebulebas swavlebisa da moswavleebis mimarT.
sakontrolo wera Semajamebeli davalebaa da misi Sefasebis tipis arCevisas pedagogma
upiratesoba ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas unda mianiWos (miuTiTos, auxsnas moswavles rogor
SeiZleboda Secdomis Tavidan acileba, amoxsnis ra gzebs mianiWos upiratesoba, rogor
gavaumjobesoT Sedegi...). moswavleTa CarTva miRebuli Sefasebebis, Sedegebis analizSi, met
gamWvirvalobas SesZenda pedagogis gadawyvetilebebs.
Zalze mniSvnelovania sakontrolo weris procesic. pedagogma unda uzrunvelyos
samuSao atmosferos Seqmna _ mSvidi, saqmiani garemo. TviT yvelaze `liberali~ pedagogic
ki Seurigebeli unda iyos gadaweris, sxvisi naSromis miTvisebis faqtebisadmi. dauSvebelia,
rom aseT saqciels, zogierTi pedagogi ùwyinar ancobad~ miiCnevs. gadawera, miTviseba
erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi senad, qurdobad aris miCneuli da is unda aRmoifxvras saskolo
cxovrebidan.
maswavlebeli piradi magaliTiT unda aCvenebdes moswavles koreqtuli, guliTadi,
gulisxmieri, samarTliani, urTierTpativiscemaze damyarebuli qcevis nimuSs.
39
5. naturaluri ricxvebis Sekreba. Sekrebis Tvisebebi

mizani. naturaluri ricxvebis Sekrebis Tvisebebis gameoreba, maTi warmodgena zogadi _
algebruli saxiT. am TvisebaTa gamoyenebiT gamoTvlebis `teqnikis~ daxvewa. jamis Sefasebis
unaris ganviTareba. asoiTi gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobis gamoTvlaSi gawafva da am codnis
praqtikuli gamoyenebis unaris gaRrmaveba. terminebis `nebismieri~, `zogierTi~ aTviseba da
adeqvaturi gamoyeneba.
kvlav did yuradRebas vuTmobT moswavleTa motivacias praqtikuli magaliTebis aRwerisas
ricxvebis Sekrebisa da Sevsebis Tvisebebis gamoyenebas.
qveSmiweriT Sekrebis wess sailustracio magaliTebiT vixsenebT. Sekrebis moqmedebis
Sesrulebamde Sesakrebebs vamrgvalebT da zepiri SekrebiT vafasebT/vamowmebT jams, anu
Sekrebis siswores.
gavixsenoT, rom ramdenime ricxvis Sekrebisas SegviZlia Sesakrebebi nebismierad dava
jgufoT. teqstSi moyvanilia xelsayreli dajgufebis magaliTi. SemoTavazebuli didi ricx
vebis Sekrebisas Sesakrebebi SeiZleba ase davajgufoT:

(13+27) miliardi + (6+24) miliardi = 70 miliardi.
konkretul magaliTebze dakvirvebiT moswavleebs vaxsenebT da asoebis gamoyenebiT
zogadad _ algebruli saxiT vwerT Sekrebis Tvisebebs. moswavleebi `patara~ ricxvebze
moqmedebis Catarebisas am wesebis gamoyenebaSi ukve gawafulni arian.
savarjiSoSi mosalodnelia, rom moswavleebi Sesakrebebs ase daajgufeben:
3
a+b+c=(a+c)+b da Sekrebas zepirad Seasruleben. sasurvelia, aqve davafiqsiroT Sekrebis
TvisebaTa gamoyenebis faqti.
16 da 17 savarjiSoebi asoiTi gamosaxulebis gamartivebaSi gawafvisTvisaa, nimuSi mo

swavleTaTvis me-16 savarjiSoSia warmodgenili, gamartivebis procesSi moswavleebi Sekrebis
gadanacvlebisa da jufTebadobis Tvisebebs iyeneben, magaliTad, 28+m+62=(28+62)+m=90+m.
19 a) 3 6 milionisa da 19
ionze), 4
milionis jami 496 milionze naklebi ar aris (496 mil

5 milioni ki 495 milionze meti ar aris. e. i.
6 milioni + 19
b) 4 7 milionisa da 29
ki 696 milions ar aRemateba.
milioni >4
5 milionze.
milionis jami 697 milionze naklebi ar aris, 6
6 milioni
jgufuri
jgufuri muSaobis proeqti

gaanawileT klasi ramdenime jgufad (sasurvelia Tanabari Zalis jgufebad) da TiToeul
jgufs daavaleT samive SemoTavazebuli amocanis amoxsna. amoxsnisTvis winaswar gansaz
RvreT dro, magaliTad, 15 wuTi, drois amowurvis Semdeg moawyveT naSromTa prezentacia
_ erT-erTi jgufis wevri warmoadgens amoxsnis SeTanxmebul versias; danarCeni jgufebi mas
oponirebas gauweven. maT naSromebs Tqven winaswar unda gaecnoT.
am mecadineobas SeiZleba mieces Sejibrebis saxec _ yoveli swori amoxsna, yoveli kargi
SekiTxva oponirebisas SesaZloa Sefasdes raime qulebiT. sasurvelia, Sefaseba Tavad moswav
leebma moaxdinon _ es xels Seuwyobs maTSi samarTlianobisa da koreqtulobis TvisebaTa
ganmtkicebas.
ganvixiloT jgufuri muSobisTvis gankuTvnili amocanebi.
40
I SesakrebSi aseulis Tanrigis cifri Seamcires 2-iT, anu jami Semcirda 200-iT; II
Sesakrebis SecvliT jami Semcirda 3-iT; III Sesakrebis SecvliT jami gadidda 100-iT, sab
olood miiRes mocemuli ricxvebis jamze 103-iT naklebi ricxvi, e. i. mocemuli ricxvebis
jamia 12083+103=12186.
I Sesakrebi gaizarda 3 aseuliT, II Sesakrebi _ 5 aTaseuliT, anu maTi jami gaizarda

5 300-iT; III Sesakrebi Semcirda 7-iT, IV Semcirda 30-iT, e. i. am ori Sesakrebis jami Semci
rebula 37-iT.
amrigad, mocemuli jamia

289755300+37=23712.
am amocanis amoxsnisas sasurvelia, rom moswavleebma axsnan:

Caatares Tu ara maT winaswari analizi nawilebis SerCevis mizniT _ es
gaaiolebs amoxsnas (3 cali 4-ujriani da 1 cali 3-ujriani nawili erTad
gvaZlevs 15 ujras _ ramdenicaa mocemul figuraSi). iqneb maT sinjvis gza
airCies da ase miagnes sasurvel dayofas?
sainteresoa rublika `sxvadasxvaSi~ mowodebuli masala magiuri kvadratebis Sesaxeb; mo
swavleebi amowmeben suraTze gamosaxuli kvadratebis magiurobas, iyeneben Sekrebis wesebs.
am kvadratis striqonebSi, svetebSi da did diagonalebze ricxvebis jami

(sam-sami ricxvis) aris 15.
am suraTze magiuri kvadrati araa warmodgenili _ erT-erT diago

nalze ganTavsebuli ricxvebis jamia 15, meorze _ 11.
Sesavsebad SemoTavazebul kvadratSi es jami 33-ia _ 12+7+14=33. mis Sesavsebad moswav

leebi pouloben ucnob Sesakrebs jamisa da cnobili ori Sesakrebis mixedviT. faqtobrivad,
moswavle xsnis gantolebebs: ra unda mivumatoT 14-isa da 11-is jams, rom miviRoT 33? pasuxia
8 _ qveda marcxena ujraSi vwerT 8-s da a. S.
magiuri kvadratis Sedgenis zogierT wess moswavleebi momavalSi gaecnobian.
6. naturaluri ricxvebis gamokleba

mizani. didi ricxvebis gamoklebaSi gawafva. SekrebiT gamoklebis Semowmebis unaris
ganviTareba; gamoklebis komponentebis damrgvalebiTa da zepiri angariSiT Sesrulebuli
moqmedebis Semowmebis unaris ganviTareba. amocanis konteqstis mixedviT moqmedebebis
SerCevisa da Sesrulebis unaris gamomuSaveba. jgufuri muSaobiT moswavleTa codnis gaaqti
ureba da amiT moswavleTa mzaobis miRweva momdevno sakiTxebze dinamiuri gadasvlisTvis.
paragrafis e. w. Teoriuli nawilis gacnoba moswavleebs daavaleT, Semdeg sakiTxi
erToblivad ganixileT.
teqstSi moyvanili praqtikuli magaliTiT moswavleebi ixseneben qveSmiweriT gamoklebis
wess, gamoklebis sisworis Semowmebas jer Sekrebis saSualebiT Maxdenen, Semdeg _
damrgvalebuli komponentebis gamoklebiT. msjeloben, ratom aris miaxloebiTi pasuxi zustze
41
meti _ komponentebis damrgvalebisas saklebica da maklebic Semcirda, magram maklebi metad

Semcirda, vidre saklebi, amitom miaxloebiTi sxvaobac zustze meti aRmoCnda. aq gavixsenoT,
rom saklebis zrda (kleba) iwvevs sxvaobis zrdas (klebas), xolo maklebis zrda, sxvaobas
amcirebs, kleba _ adidebs. es faqti saSinao davalebis Sesrulebisas gamoadgebaT.
es ganxilva moswavleebis aqtiuri monawileobiT warmarTeT. mxolod aseTi midgomiT
SeZlebT maqsimalurad gaaqtiuroT moswavleTa codna, axali impulsi SesZinoT mimdinare
sakiTxebis Seswavlis process.
paragrafis me-2 punqtSi gamoklebis zogierT Tvisebas da SekrebasTan kavSirs asoebis
saSualebiT CavwerT.
savarjiSoSi ar igulisxmeba asoiTi gamosaxulebebis gamartiveba (a+ba=b), aramed

igulisxmeba kavSiri Sekrebasa da gamoklebas Soris, romelic paragrafis me-2 punqtSia: TuU
a+b=c, maSin b=ca da a=cb.
12 da 13 amocanebis ganxilvisas moswavleebis mier gamoTqmuli yoveli mosazreba

klasma uyuradRebod ar datovos. SesaZloa zogierT kiTxvaze pasuxi gamoklebis garda
sxva moqmedebis Sesrulebasac moiTxovdes. aseTi kiTxvebic unda waxalisdes. am monacemebiT
moswavleebi daadgenen CamoTvlilTagan romel qveynebSi gaizarda mosaxleoba, romelSi
Semcirda, ramdeniT, SesaZloa imsjeloT kidec savaraudo mizezebze.
15 savarjiSoSi 4 moswavle dafaze erTdroulad asrulebs qveSmiweriT gamoklebas,

danarCenebi amowmeben maT Sedegebs, samuSaos aseTi ganawilebiT izrdeba moswavleTa
CarTuloba saswavlo procesSi. procesic ufro dinamiuri xdeba.
16 amocanis amoxsnisas SeiZleba erTis dawyebuli gamoTvlebi sxvas gaagrZelebinoT _

yvela unda iyos mzad saamisod.
a) 101200
b) 100000

31957
29372

71828
68043
1
amocanis amoxsna moswavlisgan ara marto damrgvalebis wesebis
saSinao davalebis
codnas, aramed analizis unarsac moiTxovs; aTeulamde damrgvalebisas ricxvi 5-ze meti
ricxviT ar gaizrdeba da 4-ze meti ricxviT ar Semcirdeba. aseulamde damrgvalebisas ricxvi
SeiZleba gaizardos nebismieri ricxviT 1-dan 50-mde (CaTvliT) an Semcirdes nebismieri
ricxviT 1-dan 49-mde (CaTvliT), e. i. samniSna ricxvis damrgvalebisas 13-iT Semcireba
SeiZleba gamoiwvios mxolod aseulamde damrgvalebam.
11 a) 19230082100=110200, zusti mniSvnelobaa 110119, miaxloebiTi zustze 81-iT metia;
b) miaxloebiTia _ 1210000249300=960700, rac naklebia zust mniSvnelobaze _ 960720-ze
20-iT.
g) 20000032300=167700 maixloebiTi mniSvneloba naklebia zustze (167741-ze) 41-iT;
d) miaxloebiTi mniSvneloba 2005004500=196000, rac metia zustze (195944-ze) 56-iT.
13 - 16 amocanebis amoxsnis Semdeg sasurvelia kidev erTxel Camoayalibon daskvna:
nebismieri Sesakrebis gazrda (Semcireba) iwvevs jamis gazrdas (Semcirebas); saklebis gazrda
an maklebis Semcireba iwvevs sxvaobis gazrdas.
`sxvadasxvaSi~ SemoTavazebulia zepiri da swrafi angariSis erT-erTi xerxi, aTeulamde
Sevsebis xerxi. magaliTad, Tu gvWirdeba ricxvs gamovakloT 999, ricxvs jer vaklebT 1000-s
da Semdeg vamatebT 1-s (radgan gamovakeliT mocemulze erTiT meti ricxvi).
SesTavazeT moswavleebs 999-is zepirad da swrafad mimateba (unda daumaton 1000 da
gamoaklon 1).
42
amocana
pasuxi
2 amocanis amoxsnisas jobs suraTis gamoyeneba, 60 sm-iani naWrebidan sams

akldeba 5-5 sm, sul daakldeba 15 sm.
pasuxi: 46015=225 sm.
3 swori pasuxi SeiZleba savaraudo pasuxebidan sinjvis meTodiT SevarCioT.
5 da 19 ar gamodgeba, radgan 19>a>5. a=9 utolobebs ar akmayofilebs. pasuxi:L a=10.
# 4 am amocanis pasuxic SeiZleba savaraudo pasuxebidan sinjvis meTodiT SevarCioT.
2165189115189=2050000 _ ar akmayofilebs,
2175189115189=2060000 _ ar akmayofilebs,
2185189115189=2070000 _ akmayofilebs,
2195189115189=2080000 _ akmayofilebs.
swori pasuxia 8.
savaraudo pasuxebis SemowmebiT:

carieli yuTi O2 kg-ia, forToxali _ 20 kg. 20 ar aris 2-ze 20-iT meti;
carieli yuTi 1 kg-ia, forToxali _ 21 kg. 21 metia 1-ze 20-iT _ akmayofilebs pirobas.
swori pasuxia 2) 1 kg.
II gza. Tu `zedmet~ 20 kg forToxals `gadavyriT~, darCeba 2 kg forToxali yuTiT.
forToxali _ 1 kg, yuTi _ 1 kg.
TamaSi
`jaWvi~
TamaSis dawyebamde, instruqciis gacnobis Semdeg, jgufebi ecnobian saxelmZRvaneloSi
SemoTavazebul `jaWvs~. rwmundebian, rom yovel baraTze gamosaxuli moqmedebis Sedegi
(gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba magaliTis pasuxi) aris mezobeli baraTis I komponenti.
akvirdebian jaWvis agebis princips. am jaWvis Semowmebisas, axali jaWvis agebisas da
mowinaaRmdegis jaWvis aRdgenisas moswavleebi iwafebian Sekreba-gamoklebaSi, eCvevian
jgufur muSaobas.
moswavleebi, albaT, pirveli 7 baraTis Sedgenisas izruneben mxolod imaze, rom
TiToeulSi moqmedebis Sedegi iyos naturaluri ricxvi da am Svideulis yovel Semdeg
baraTSi I komponenti iyos wina baraTSi miRebuli Sedegis toli, merve baraTiT ki Seikras
es jaWvi. magaliTad, jaWvi SeiZleba ase gamoiyurebodes.
723-303
420+320
523+200
643-120
740-352
388+401
564+79
789-225
43
damoukidebeli wera #2
naturaluri ricxvebis Sekreba. Sekrebis Tvisebebi.
naturaluri ricxvebis gamokleba
Tema.:

1. elenes aqvs 136 lari, kaxas ki _ 122 lari. Tanxebis gasaTanabreblad elenem kaxas
unda gadasces
a) 6 lari
2) 7 lari
3) 14 lari
4) 8 lari.
2. or konodarbazSi adgilebis erTi da igive odenobaa. pirvelSi kinoseansze 170 bileTi
gaiyida, darCa gasayidi _ 65. meoreSi gaiyida 140. ramdeni bileTi darCa gasayidi meore
kinodarbazSi?
1) 135
2) 60
3) 75
4) 95.
3. Tu a, b da c nebismieri ricxvebia, maSin (a+b)+c=a+(b+c) _
1) Sekrebis ganrigebadobis Tvisebaa
2) Sekrebis jufTebadobis Tvisebaa
3) toloba SeiZleba ar Sesruldes
4) toloba mcdaria.
4. gemi 3 saaTSi 20 km-s gadis. es gemi 60 km-s gaivlis
1) 6 saaTSi
2) 7 saaTSi
3) 9 saaTSi
4) 8 saaTSi.
5. Tu saklebi maklebze 15432-iT metia, maSin sxvaoba

1) aris 15432
2) 15432-ze metia
3) 15432-ze naklebia
4) nebismieri naturaluri ricxvi SeiZleba iyos.
6. or gemze 895 turistia; amasTanave pirvel gemze 15-iT meti turistia, vidre meoreze.
ramdeni turistia pirvel gemze?
1) 880
2) 440
3) 455
4) 425.
7. AB monakveTis sigrZe CD monakveTis sigrZeze 6-jer metia; amasTanave, CD monakveTi
AB monakveTze 30 sm-iT moklea. ipoveT am monakveTebis sigrZeTa jami.
8. aRadgineT swori toloba:
3*1*2*
*8*6*9
**81042
pasuxebi da miTiTebebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad
7. SeiZleba isargebloT sqemiT:
CD=30:5=6 (sm)
C
D
30 sm
AB=6+30=36 (sm)
AB+CD=42 (sm)
moswavleTa codnis done am etapze SesaZleblobas aZlevs moswavleebs airCion amoxsnis
àlgebruli gzac~. magaliTad, CD-s sigrZe _ x sm, AB-s sigrZe _ 6x. CD aris AB-ze 30 sm-iT
mokle, anu 6xx=30, 5x=30, x=6, 6x=36, AB+CD=42 sm.
ar aris gamoricxuli sxva gzebic SemogvTavazon moswavleebma. maTi Canafiqris
realizaciisas miRweuli raime sayuradRebo Sualeduri Sedegi SeiZleba 1 quliT Sefasdes.
amoxsnis dasruleba kidev 1 qulas SesZens maT.
44
8.
391423
689619
1081042
Tu am amocanaSi 8 saZiebeli cifridan mxolod oria arasworad dadgenili, vfiqrobT,
dasaSvebia 1 qulis dawera, uares SemTxvevaSi Sefaseba _ 0 qulaa, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi _ 2
qula.
yuradRebiT aris gansaxilveli amoxsnis is variantebi, romlebSiac erTi Secdomis daSveba
iwvevs danarCen cdomilebebs _ faqtobrivad daSvebulia erTi Secdoma. am SemTxvevaSic,
vfiqrobT, SesaZlebelia amoxsna erTi quliT Sefasdes.
amrigad, pirveli eqvsi amocana TiTo quliania, bolo ori amocana or-or quliani, sul
naSromis umaRlesi Sefaseba SeiZleba iyos _ 10.
sasurvelia, rom Sedges damoukidebeli weris amocanebis ramdenime varianti, SedarebiT
rTuli amocanebi SeiZleba yvelas ar SevTavazoT, didi sifrTxilea saWiro aseTi araTanabari
sirTulis davalebaTa Sesrulebis Sefasebisas, gvaxsovdes rom moswavlis codnis obieqtur
Sefasebas aqvs mastimulirebeli efeqti. Tu Sefasebas araobieqturobis, dasjis an
angariSsworebis èlferi dahkravs~, maSin Sefaseba iqceva saswavlo procesis Semakavebel,
arahumanur aqtad.
sasurvelia, rom damoukidebel weras mosdevdes naSromTa ganxilva _ tipuri Secdomebis
analizi, saTanado komentarebi, romlebSic dasaxelebuli iqneba Sedegebis gaumjobesebis
gzebi; Zalze mniSvnelovania moswavleTa mosazrebebi am amocanaTa Sinaarsisa da Sefasebis
kriteriumebis Sesaxeb.
Akomentarebi sasurvelia weriTi formiT axldes TiToeul naSroms. zogjer, roca amas
pedagogi saWirod miiCnevs, dasaSvebia zepiri ganxilvac. yvelaze nayofieri mainc komentarebis
orive formis gamoyenebaa.
es saswavlo weli garkveul siaxleebs gvTavazobs Sefasebis sistemaSi. amitom sasurvelia
kidev erTxel gaecnoT saTanado masalas am wignSi (ix. gverdi 22) es sakiTxebi warmodgenilia
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, masSi Cveni gamocdilebac aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
gaiTvaliswineT Tqvens skolaSi SemuSavebuli zogadi Sefasebis saxelmZRvanelo principebic
da amis safuZvelze miiReT konkretuli gadawyvetilebebi.
+
7. ricxviTi sxivi
mizani. moswavlem SeZlos ricxviT sxivze naturaluri ricxvebis ganlageba, gaiwafos
ricxviT sxivze naturalurkoordinatiani wertilis koordinatis povnaSi da piriqiT,
mocemuli koordinatiT sxivze wertilis mdebareobis gansazRvraSi. gaixsenos gasul wels
aTvisebuli masala, gaaRrmavos is, ganiviTaros saTanado unarebi. amiT moswavle eufleba
analizuri geometriis elementebs, axdens codnis integrirebas, rac mis saganmanaTleblo
procesSi erT-erT umniSvnelovanes process warmoadgens.
mniSvnelovani praqtikuli amocanebas amoxsnisas. ricxviTi sxivis da geometriuli
TvalsaCinoebis gamoyeneba.
paragrafis teqstSi moswavle suraTis mixedviT poulobs wertilebis koordinatebs.
magaliTad, I suraTze A da B wertilebis koordinatebia 6 da 8, AB-s Sua wertilis
koordinatia 7. II suraTze 5-is bijiT svlis Sedegi _ C wertili gamosaxavs 20-s. III suraTze
pirveli monakveTi 1 milionia, E-s koordinatia 3 milioni, G-s koordinatia 5 milioni, B-s
koordinatia 8 milioni.
savarjiSoebiT gviwevs sxvadasxva bijiT svlisas mocemuli ricxvebis Sesabamisi wertilebis
sxivebze ganlagebis dadgena, monakveTis Sua wertilis Sesabamisi ricxvis povna.
45
10 a) sami danayofiT gadaadgileba koordinatis 6 erTeuliT cvlilebas axdens (24

18=6), erTi danayofi Seesabameba 2-s. vpoulobT koordinatebs: 20 da 22;
b) erTi danayofis `fasia~ (10321022):2=5. wertilebs vawerT: 1027, 1037, 1042, 1047;
g) erTi danayofia 20. wertilebs vawerT: 20, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160.
11 da 12 savarjiSoebis Sesrulebis Semdeg SeiZleba zogadi daskvna gavakeToT: A(a) da

B(b) wertilebidan is aris marjvniv, romlis koordinatic metia. es faqti SeiZleba suraTzec
gamovsaxoT: Tu b>a, maSin
A(a)
B(b)
B marjvnivaa.
14 savarjiSoSi moswavle agebs naxazs amocanis pirobis mixedviT; mniSvnelovania, rom

man es samuSao damoukideblad, maswavleblis Carevis gareSe Seasrulos da misi naSromi
pedagogs uyuradRebod ar darCes. monakveTis oTx tol nawilad gasayofad zogierTi
moswavle 8 sm-s gayofs 4-ad da saxazaviT gadazomavs 2 sm-ian monakveTebs, TiTo danayofi
4 erTeulia. zogierTi moswavle miRebul monakveTs jer or tol nawilad gayofs, Semdeg
miRebuli monakveTebidan TiToeuls _ kvlav 2 tol nawilad.
2
saSinao davalebis
savarjiSoSiO SeiZleba moswavlem iolad daiTvalos 101-ze meti
da 115-ze naklebi ricxvebis odenoba.
savarjiSoSi ki mouwevs ufro xelsayreli gzis
Zieba, raTa daiTvalos ricxvebi 97-dan 256-mde (CaTvliT). kerZod, man unda Seasrulos
2
gamokleba, magram
savarjiSos gamocdilebiTac SeamCnevs, rom swori pasuxis misaRebad
mas mouwevs 25697+1 gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobis gamoTvla (1-is mimatebis gareSe pasuxidan
gamoiricxeboda erTi ricxvi _ 97).
amrigad, vRebulobT saZiebel odenobas _ 160.
8
9
10

am monakveTis bolo wertilebi aris 4 da 9, Sesabamisi jamia 13.

O
OA=3 sm, OB=7 sm, AB=4 sm. maTi jamia 14 sm.
A wertilis koordinats ase miviRebT: 120+420=200.

B wertilis _ 120320=60.
proeqti: movemzadoT maTematikuri viqtorinisTvis

es SemoqmedebiTi xasiaTis samuSaoa. moswavleebs uviTardebaT sacnobaro saswavlo
literaturis, internetis gamoyenebis unari. SesaZloa da misasalmebelia, Tu isini moZiebul
amocanebs Secvlian/gadaakeTeben Tavisi gemovnebiT, Seadgenen axals. moswavleebi amocanebis
Sedgenisas iwafebian amocanebis amoxsnaSi, pasuxis gaanalizebaSi _ isini unda cdilobden,
rom maTi amocana iyos aqtualuri, saintereso, originaluri, Seesabamebodes maTi codnis
dones, iyos daZlevadi da iqneb _ saxalisoc ki. naSromTa Sefasebisas swored es parametrebi
unda iyos ganmsazRvreli.
maswavleblis mier SerCeuli amocanebiT viqtorina Catardeba an amave klasis jgufebs
Soris, an is sxvadasxva klasis moswavleTa konkursad gadaiqceva. gundebis warmateba fasdeba
ara marto mowinaaRmdegis amocanebis amoxsniT, aramed Tavisi wardgenili amocanebiTac da
maTi avtorebis mier SemoTavazebuli amoxsnis meTodebiTac.
ajobebs, Tu am viqtorinis Jiuris mxolod maswavleblebi Seadgenen, radgan moswavlee
bisTvis erTmaneTis amocanebis gacnoba azrs daukargavda viqtorinas.
46
amocanebis nimuSebis amoxsnis meTodebi

1. Cafiqrebulia umciresi 7-niSna ricxvi _ milioni.
2. miliardi aris 1000 milioni, anu milioni aTaseuli. pasuxi: miliardSi aris milioni
aTaseuli.
3. am tipis amocanebi ukve amoxsnili aqvT. am wignSi aris erTniSna ricxvebiT gadanomrili
9 gverdi; orniSna ricxvebiT gadanomrilia 90 gverdi, romelTa gadasanomrad gamoyenebulia
902=180 cifri; danarCeni 1989 _ (180+9)=1800 cifri gamoyenebulia samniSna ricxvebiT
gadanomril 1800:L3=600 gverdze, miviRebT: 600+90+9=699.
gadanomrili gverdebis odenoba aris 699.
4. sxvaobis misaRebad saklebisTvis 12 milioni gamoukliaT, e. i. maklebi aris 12 milioni.
sxvaoba maklebze, anu 12 milionze 5 milioniT metia, udris 17 milions. saklebia 12 milioni
+ 17 milioni=29 milioni.
5. samniSna ricxvebis odenoba 900-ia. maT Casawerad saWiroa 2 700 cifri.
6. ewodeba aTobiTi, radgan viyenebT 10 cifrs da yoveli momdevno Tanrigis erTeuli
winaze 10-jer metia.
poziciuria, radgan yoveli cifris mniSvneloba ricxvis CanawerSi misi poziciiT
_ dakavebuli adgiliT ganisazRvreba. mimarTeT moswavleebs moiyvanon
sailustracio
magaliTebi da aqve miuTiTon raime arapoziciuri sistemis magaliTi.
7. informacia (laTinuri) _ Setyobineba, cnobebi visime moRvaweobis, raime mdgomareobis,
momxdari ambis da sxvaTa Sesaxeb.
8. abaki _ sangariSo mowyobilobaa.
9. ciferblati (germanuli) _ sazom xelsawyoebSi (magaliTad, saaTi) danayofebiani
firfita, romelzedac moZraobs isari da mianiSnebs dros, an raime sxva sidides.
misasalmebelia, Tu me-7 da me-9 amocanebSi moswavleebi axsnian warmodgenili sityvebis
warmomavlobasac;
10. (43):2=6.
11. TiTo xelze 5 TiTia, 105=50 (TiTi).
12. yvela Tve, garda Tebervlisa _ 11 Tve.
13. 315=45.
sanimuSo gakveTili #2
aqtivoba. ricxviTi sxivi ($7)
aqtivobis mizani:
moswavlem aRmoaCinos da aiTvisos naturalur ricxvTa gamosaxvis axali forma. pirveli
warmodgenebi Seiqmnas ricxviT simravlesa (amjerad naturalur ricxvTa simravlesa) da
sxivis garkveul wertilTa simravles Soris urTierTcalsaxa Sesabamisobaze _ moswavlem
SeZlos mocemuli ricxvis mixedviT ricxviT sxivze Sesabamisi wertilis mdebareobis dadgena,
wertilis gadaadgilebis aRwera, SeZlos ricxviT sxivze aRebuli wertilis mixedviT misi
Sesabamisi ricxvis (koordinatis) dadgena;
SeZlos am axali warmodgenebis gamoyenebiT praqtikuli amocanebis amoxsna.
kvlevis arsenalSi CarTos axali meTodis SesaZleblobebi.
aucilebeli wina codna
naturaluri ricxvebi, moqmedebebi naturalur ricxvebze
ricxvebis damrgvaleba
ricxvebis Sedareba
geometriuli figurebis (wrfe, sxivi, monakveTi) amocnoba, aRwera.
47
aqtivobis aRwera. moswavleebTan erTad vixsenebT, aRvwerT, dafaze gamovsaxavT wrfes,

monakveTs, sxivs. SevCerdebiT sxivze. Semdeg davsvaT amocana: ra wesiT gamovsaxoT ricxvebi
am sxivze? am ganxilvaSi SeiZleba Tqvenc mogiwioT CarTva: SevusabamoT nuls sxivis saTave.
davsvaT SekiTxva: ra wesiT SevusabamoT nulisgan gansxvavebul ricxvebs sxivis wertilebi?
aq SeiZleba gamoiTqvas mosazreba, rom 10-s SevusabamoT am sxivis esa Tu is wertili. Tqven
am mosazrebas daupirispireT aseTi mosazreba: rogor (ra wesiT) movZebnoT maSin sxivze,
magaliTad, 13-is Sesabamisi wertili? warmoqmnili sirTuleebi moswavleebs daarwmunebs,
rom ajobebs ricxviT sxivze nulis Semdgomi raime wertili SevusabamoT ricxv 1-s. nulisa
da 1-is Sesabamisi O da U wertilebiT SerCeulia erTeuli monakveTi. aseTi sxivi ricxviTi
sxivia. amis Semdeg daavaleT moswavleebs 2-is, 5-is Sesabamisi wertilebis miTiTeba am sxivze.
dasviT SekiTxva: ra sirTuleebi SeiZleba wamoiWras ricxvebis wertilebiT gamosaxvisas,
Tu 1-s SevusabamebT wina SemTxvevaSi SerCeulisgan gansxvavebul wertils? moswavleebTan
erToblivi ganxilva moswavleebs daarwmunebs, rom aseTi arCevani araviTar principul
gansxvavebas ar Semoitans. amrigad, erTeulovani monakveTi SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad, 1 sm,
7dm, 4 km da a.S.
vTqvaT, erTeuli monakveTi OU 4 sm-ia, maSin 3-is Sesabamisi M wertilisTvis OM iqneba
12 sm.
Semdgomi ganxilvisTvis SeiZleba moswavleebs SevTavazoT paragrafis teqstSi war
modgenili savarjiSoebi, saklaso savarjiSoebi
1
1)
O
U
A
1 - 15 , axali savarjiSoebi, magaliTad,

B
vipovoT mocemul sxivze Asa da B s koordinatebi, AB monakveTis Sua wertilis

koordinatebi.
ricxviT sxivze M wertilis koordinatia 500. rogor ipoviT

2000-isa da 2500-is koordinatebs?
vfiqrobT, am amocanebis ganxilva moswavleTa aqtiurobiT warimarTeba da arazusti
pasuxebis gasworebas Tavad moswavleebi SeZleben.
3) ricxviT sxivze moniSnulia F(20) wertili. amave sxivze gamosaxeT is wertilebi,
romelTa aTeulamde damrgvalebiT miiReba 20.
2)
1
O
4) planeta marsis masa miaxloebiT 9-jer naklebia dedamiwis masaze. Tu marsis masa
(tonebSi) K wertiliT gamoisaxeba, maSin am ricxviT sxivze sad moniSnavT (TvalzomiT) im D
wertils, romelic dedamiwis masas miaxloebiT warmogvidgens?
O
K(k)
moswavleebs mouwevT Sesabamisobis wesis gaxseneba da TvalzomiT swori arCevnis unaris

demonstrireba. mimarTeT mTel klass gamoTqvan sakuTari mosazreba sxvaTa arCevnis sizustis
Sesaxeb. Tqvenc mogiwevT moswavleTa polemikaSi CarTva.
Tu SeniSnavT, rom moswavleebisTvis aseTi amocana (mravali siaxlis gamo) bolomde naTeli
ar iyo, miawodeT raime msgavsi amocana da misi ganxila bolomde miandeT maT. vfiqrobT aseTi
intensiuri ganxilva uTuod nayofieri aRmoCndeba.
aqtivobis gafarToeba. vTavazobT amocanas _ ricxviT sxivze moswavleebma moniSnon A(8)
wertili, Semdeg moZebnon AA-dan marjvniv 3 erTeuliT daSorebuli B wertili (anu A wertili
gadaadgilon 3 erTeuliT marjvniv), ipovon B-s koordinati; moniSnon A-dan 6 erTeuliT
marjvniv daSorebuli C wertili. ipovon misi koordinati.
48
A-dan 50 erTeuliT daSorebuli D wertilis moniSvnas ver moaxerxeben, magram koordinatis

sapovnelad ivaraudeben, rom unda Seasrulon mimateba: 8+50, D(58).
ra moqmedebas SeasrulebT, Tu gadaadgileba moxdeba A-dan marcxniv _ sxivis saTavisken?
moswavleebi ivaraudeben, rom es gamoklebaa da Semdeg praqtikulad Seasruleben am samuSaos.
magaliTad, ipovon A-dan marcxniv 5 erTeuliT daSorebuli E wertilis koordinati (85=3,
E(3)). amis Semdeg vTavazobT klasSi 16 savarjiSos.
SeiZleba es savarjiSoebi did ricxvebze SeasrulebinoT da ricxviTi sxivis dauflebasTan
erTad gaagrZelon gawafva ricxvebze moqmedebis SesrulebaSi.
magaliTad,
vTqvaT, ricxviT sxivze mocemulia wertili A(257). ipoveT saTavidan A-ze 3-jer ufro
Sors mdebare B wertilis koordinatebi.
vTqvaT, ricxviT sxivze mocemulia M(12125) wertili. ipoveT M-isgan 355 erTeuliT
daSorebuli A da B wertilebis koordinatebi.
ipoveT A(317) da B(1024) wertilebs Soris manZili.
vTqvaT, ricxviT sxivze mocemulia wertilebi: A(607) da B(3217). ramdeni erTeuliTaa
daSorebuli A-dan AB monakveTis P Sua wertili? ipoveT P wertilis koordinati.
sayuradRebo arCevnis winaSe aRmoCndebian moswavleebi, Tu maT SeTavazebT aseT amocanas:
ricxviT sxivze gamosaxeT saqarTvelos, azerbaijanis da somxeTis mosaxleobaTa odenobis
Sesabamisi wertilebi: G(4500000), A(800000), R(3500000). moswavleebs mouwevT saWiro moqmedebaTa
dagegmva. Semdgom SeiZleba aseTi gadawyvetileba miiRon: ricxviT sxivze gamosaxon 500000-is
Sesabamisi wertili _ P da OP monakveTis, Sesabamisad, 9-jer, 16-jer da 7-jer gadazomviT
miiRon miTiTebuli wertilebi. SesaZlebelia, rom jer moiniSnos wertili K(1000000) da OK
bijiT moiniSnos sxivze wertilebi `mTeli~ milionebis koordinatebiT _ `viaroT~ OK bijiT.
am gziT aRmovaCenT azerbaijanis Sesabamis wertils, danarCeni ori wertilidan TiToeuli
or `mTel~ wertils Soris iqneba _ Sua wertili.
aqtivobis Sefaseba. am aqtivobis warmatebiT ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi moswavle
akavSirebs Sekrebisa da gamoklebis operaciebs ricxviT sxivze wertilis gadaadgilebasTan;
gaiwafeba ricxviT sxivze wertilis mdebareobis gansazRvraSi; emzadeba sakoordinato
badis, sakoordinato sistemis gacnobisTvis; iTvisebs analizuri geometriis elementebs,
axdens kvlevis sxvadasxva meTodis integrirebas. dekartisa da fermas epoqaSi daiwyo ori
maTematikuri disciplinis algebrisa da geometriis kvlevis meTodebis Serwyma, ramac
udidesi impulsi da SesaZleblobebi misca maTematikis ganviTarebas.
8. naturaluri ricxvebis gamravleba. gamravlebis Tvisebebi

mizani. moswavlem kidev erTxel gaiazros gamravlebis operaciis arsi, kavSiri Sekrebisa
da gamravlebis ariTmetikuli moqmedebebis Sesrulebisas, amocanebis amoxsnisas. ganaviTaros
konkretuli magaliTebiT gaazrebuli raime kanonzomierebis, Tvisebis, debulebis zogadi
_ algebruli saxiT Cawerisa da Camoyalibebis unari.
paragrafis dasawyisSi SemoTavazebuli amocanis amosaxsnelad saWiroa toli Sesakrebebis
jamis povna, es jami SeiZleba gamravlebiT SevcvaloT. aqve ganvixiloT aseTi amocana:
maTematikur SejibrSi 6 gundi monawileobs da TiToeul gundSi 5 moswavlea. ramdeni
moswavle monawileobs SejibrSi? am amocanis amosaxsnelad unda SevasruloT moqmedebebi
5+5+5+5+5+5, an 65, pasuxi kvlav 30-ia.
gavamaxviloT yuradReba, rom erTi da imave odenobis moswavleebi I SemTxvevaSi 5
(6-wevrian) gundad, meore SemTxvevaSi 6 (5-wevrian) gundad gaanawiles _ 56=65=30. es
gamravlebis gadanacvlebis Tvisebaa: ab=ba.
49
am da sxva Tvisebebs magaliTebis ganxilviT paragrafis teqstSi cxrilis saxiT vawvdiT.

teqstSi erT-erT Tvisebas _ gamravlebis ganrigebadobis Tvisebas jamis mimarT _
formulis saxiT vuwerT: a(b+c)=ab+ac da vTavazobT danarCeni Tvisebebi damoukideblad
Caweron asoebis daxmarebiT. maswavlebelTan erTad klasi yoveli Tvisebis sailustraciod
ganixilavs magaliTebs da Semdeg Tavad moswavleebi am Tvisebas asoebiT warmoadgenen.
magaliTad, 1-ze gamravlebis Tviseba: 91=9, 101=10, 1021=102, ..., a1=a.
gadanacvlebis Tvisebis asoiTi Canaweri amocanebis amoxsnisTanave SeiZleba Sesruldes.
Temis bolos moswavleebi ecnobian `Cvens leqsikonSi~ mocemul termins _ èrTi mainc
ricxvi~. moviyvanoT magaliTebi da `gavSifroT~.
deda, erTi lari mainc momeci _ anu dedas sTxovs 1 lars an 1 larze met Tanxas.
èrT moswavles mainc mouwevs azris gamoTqma~ _ erT moswavles an mets (Tundac
yvelas) mouwevs azris gamoTqma.
Semdeg moswavleebs vTavazobT: iqneb moifiqron iseTi magaliTi Sekrebaze, romelSic:
Sesakrebebi nulisgan gansxvavebuli toli ricxvebia, xolo maTi jami _ 0-is toli. xanmokle
gansjis Semdeg moswavleebi ivaraudeben, rom es SeuZlebelia. amis Semdeg daasruleben
paragrafis bolo winadadebas: Tu ramdenime ricxvis namravli nulis tolia, maSin am
ricxvTagan erTi mainc nulis tolia.
am ukanasknel debulebas iyeneben moswavleebi saklaso savarjiSoebidan 13 , 14 da 15
-is ganxilvisas. 13 -Si x2 aris 0-is toli, e. i. x=2;
14 -Si x5 aris 0-is toli, e. i. x=5;

15 -Si x=0 an x3=0, saidanac x=0 an x=3.
6
savarjiSoSi swrafi angariSisTvis viyenebT gamravlebis gadanacvlebadobisa da

jufTebadobis Tvisebebs, agreTve, 100-ze gamravlebis wess:

4725=4(725)=4(257)=(425)7=700.
7 -Si viyenebT gamravlebis gadanacvlebadobisa da ganrigebadobis Tvisebas Sekrebis

mimarT, saidanac vRebulobT bc+ac=(b+a)c. amrigad,

7n+9n=n7+n9=n(7+9)=n16=16n,
rasac mokled ase CavwerT: 7n+9n=(7+9)n=16n.
18 , 20 da 21 amocanebi gaTvaliswinebulia amocanis pirobis mixedviT maTematikuri
modelis SeqmnaSi gawafvisTvis. moswavleebi adgenen asoiT gamosaxulebas da iTvlian mis
mniSvnelobas asoebis mocemuli mniSvnelobebisTvis.
22
amocanaSi jer namravlebs Caweren jamis saxiT, Semdeg jams _ kvlav namravlis
saxiT, magaliTad,
g) 3b+5b+b=b+b+b+b+b+b+b+b+b=9b

3b
5b
SesaZlebelia, ganrigebadobis Tvisebebze dayrdnobiT, asec vimsjeloT:

3b+5b+b=(3+5+1)b=9b.
msgavsi savarjiSoebi saSinao davalebaSic SexvdebiT ( 15 ).
saSinao davalebis
savarjiSos pasuxi moswavlem SeiZleba kerZo magaliTis safuZvel
ze daadginos. magaliTad, ganixilos namravli 24=8. Secvalos Tanamamravlebi amocanis pirobis

mixedviT, miiRebs: 412=48. namravli gaizarda 6-jer. SeiZleba imsjelos ase: I Tanamamravlis
2-jer gazrdiT namravli gaizarda 2-jer (gamravlda 2-ze), II Tanamamravlis 3-jer gazrdiT
es gaorkecebuli namravli gamravlda 3-ze, e. i. namravli gamravlda 6-ze _ gaizarda 6-jer.
50
savarjiSoSi 10a+10b+10c jamis gamosaTvlelad moswavleebs saklaso ganxilvebi

11
gamoadgebaT:

10b+10c=10(b+c)=1048=480
14 -Si vsargeblobT gamravlebis gadanacvlebadobisa da jufTebadobis TvisebebiT:
a) 1252568=125(2568)=125(8256)=(1258)256=1000256=256000,
b) 102500=51000.
21 savarjiSos msgavsi klasSi ar amouxsniaT, amitom savarjiSos axlavs nimuSi,
romliTac isargeblebs moswavle. es amocana axali samuSaos an mocemuli instruqciis
damoukideblad gagebis unaris gamomuSavebasac emsaxureba.
25
amocanis amoxsnisas umjobesia sqema gamoiyenon
30 sm
C
B
30 sm
30 sm
am amocanis ori xerxiT amoxsna gamoklebis mimarT ganrigebadobis Tvisebis

31
ilustrirebaa. amoxsna: 5(168) an 51658.
es amocanac ornairad SeiZleba amoxsnan (wina amocanis msgavsad):
32

8(42+53+55) an 842+853+855.
TamaSi
`romeli Tvisebaa gamoyenebuli?~

xSirad moswavleebi asruleben ricxvebze moqmedebebs, swrafi da zepiri angariSis dros
anacvleben Sesakrebebs, Tanamamravlebs, amartiveben asoiT gamosaxulebebs, magram ar ician
moqmedebaTa romel Tvisebebs iyeneben am SemTxvevaSi (magaliTad, 4a4b=4(ab) gardaqmnisas
gamoyenebulia gamravlebis ganrigebadobis Tviseba gamoklebis mimarT).
amocanebis Sesadgenad SeiZleba kvlav gadavxedoT paragrafs da movifiqroT msgavsi
amocanebi. magaliTad,
1. 574457=574574=0. gamoyenebulia Tviseba
a) namravlis gadanacvlebadobis
b) jamis gadanacvlebadobis
g) namravlis jufTebadobis
d) 1-is Tviseba.
2. 25457=(254)57=5700. gamoyenebulia Tviseba
a) namravlis gadanacvlebadobis
b) namravlis jufTebadobis
g) Sekrebis gadanacvlebadobis
d) namravlis ganrigebadobis.
3. roca 5(x2)=0-dan vRebulobT x2, viyenebT
a) namravlis gadanacvlebadobis Tvisebas
g) nulis Tvisebas
d) namravlis ganrigebadobis Tvisebas.
b) erTis Tvisebas
4. 452+448=4(52+48)=4100=400. gamoyenebulia
a) namravlis gadanacvlebadobis Tviseba
b) jamis gadanacvlebadobis Tviseba
g) namravlis ganrigebadobis Tviseba Sekrebis mimarT
d) nulis Tviseba.
51
5.
a)
b)
d)
8025(2828)=0 gamoyenebulia
sxvaobis gadanacvlebadobis Tviseba
nulis Tviseba
g) erTis Tviseba
namravlis jufTebadobis Tviseba.
cxrilis saxiT warmodgenili pasuxebi:

a
b
g
*
*
*
*
d
am TamaSis dros moswavleebi kidev erTxel ixseneben moqmedebebis Tvisebebs, iwafebian
maT gamoyenebaSi, amocanebis pasuxebs cxrilis saxiT warmoadgenen _ es erTgvari wvrTnaa
momavali muSaobis warmatebiT Sesasruleblad.
SeiZleba TamaSi gavarTuloT iseTi amocanebiT, romlebSic ori an meti Tvisebis gamoyeneba
mouwevT, magaliTad,

45725=4(5725)=4(2557)=(425)57=5700
gamoyenebulia gamravlebis jufTebadobisa da gadanacvlebadobis Tvisebebi, amasTan
jufTebadobis Tviseba _ orjer;

457+434=457+443=4(57+43)=4100=400.
gamoyenebulia gamravlebis gadanacvlebadobisa da gamravlebis ganrigebadobis Tviseba
Sekrebis mimarT.
sanimuSoO gakveTili #3
aqtivoba. naturaluri ricxvebis gamravleba. gamravlebis Tvisebebi ($8)
aqtivobis mizani:
moswavleebma aRidginon da gaifarTovon codna naturaluri ricxvebis gamravlebis
Sesaxeb, gamravlebis operaciis Sekrebis operaciasTan kavSiris Sesaxeb.
magaliTebis saSualebiT gaixsenon gamravlebis Tvisebebi; moaxdinon maTi zogadi saxiT
formulireba;
gamoimuSavon ariTmetikuli moqmedebebis Sesrulebis dros am Tvisebebis gamoyenebis
unari;
gaiwafon amocanis konteqstis mixedviT mis amosaxsnelad moqmedebaTa mimdevrobis
SerCevisa da am moqmedebebis SesrulebaSi.
gaiRrmavon ganzogadebis unari, zogadi saxis debulebebis Camoyalibebis unari;
ganiviTaron algebrul gamosaxulebebTan operirebis unari.
naturaluri ricxvebis Sekreba
Sekrebis Tvisebebi
erTniSna ricxvebze gamravleba.
aqtivobis aRwera. moswavleebs vTavazobT paragrafis dasawyisSi Omocemul amocanas (5
gundia, TiToSi 6 moswavlea, sul ramdeni moswavlea?). misi amoxsnisas toli Sesakrebebis
Sekrebaa saWiro. am moqmedebas (toli Sesakrebebis jams) vcvliT gamravlebiT.
52
saklaso savarjiSoebidan
5 , 16 , 17 -is da an maTi msgavsi savarjiSoebis Sesrulebis
Semdeg vTavazobT dasawyisSi SemoTavazebuli amocanis msgavs amocanas: SejibrebaSi 6 gundi

monawileobs, TiToSi 5 moswavlea, ramdeni moswavle monawileobs SejibrSi?
SevadaroT am ori amocanis amoxsnebi.
I amocana _ 6+6+6+6+6=56=30,
II amocana _ 5+5+5+5+5+5=65=30.
mivaqcioT yuradReba im faqts, rom Tanamamravlebis gadanacvlebiT namravli ar Seicvleba.
es gamravlebis gadanacvlebadobis Tvisebaa. kidev rogor SeiZleba es 30 moswavle erTnair
gundebad davajgufoT? 3 gundi _ TiToSi 10 moswavle, 10 gundi _ TiToSi 3 moswavle:
310=103; an, 2 gundi _ TiToSi 15 moswavle, 15 gundi _ TiToSi 2 moswavle: 215=152.
ramdenime savarjiSos Sesrulebis Semdeg vTavazobT gadanacvlebadobis Tvisebis
formuliT (asoebiT) Caweras:

ab=ba.
magaliTebis mixedviT moswavleebi ixseneben erTis Tvisebas, nulis Tvisebas, weren am
Tvisebebs formulebis saxiT:

71=
70=

81=
80=

10170=

10171=

a1=
a0=
am Tvisebebis gamoyenebaSi gawafvis mizniT vasrulebT saklaso savarjiSoebidan
4 , 12 , 13 , 14 ,
15 ,
1 ,
19 -s. bolo oTxi savarjiSos amoxsnamde aucileblad yuradReba
unda gamaxvildes im faqtze, rom ori ricxvis namravli 0-ia maSin da mxolod maSin, roca
am Tanamamravlebidan erTi mainc nulia, am Tvisebis ilustracia magaliTebiT movaxdinoT:
07=0, 00=0, 70=0, 750.
jufTebadobisa da ganrigebadobis Tvisebebis gasaxseneblad SeiZleba dafa gavyoT orad
da paralelurad ori moswavlis dafasTan muSaobiT, mTeli klasis aqtiurobiT, amovxsnaT
magaliTebi, CavweroT formulebi:

(53)7=

5(37)=

(212)5=
2(125)=

formula (ab)c=a(bc)

53+57=
5(3+7)=
10(2+9)=
102+109=
formula a(b+c)=ab+ac
gamravlebis Tvisebebis gamoyenebaSi gawafvis mizniT sasurvelia amoixsnas saklaso

savarjiSoebidan yvela darCenili savarjiSo da amocana.
aqtivobis gafarToeba. am aqtivobis gafarToeba gamravlebis Tvisebebis gamoyenebis
kidev ufro Rrmad gacnobierebas gulisxmobs.
magaliTad, vTavazobT moswavleebs Seadaron 3(a5) namravli 15a-s. moswavleTa
umravlesoba miuTiTebs, rom isini tolia, magram SeiZleba ver CamoTvalon gamravlebis
Tvisebebi, romlebsac efuZneba maTi varaudi. amovarCioT ramdenime moswavle, romlebic
Seafaseben sxva TanaklaselTa mier gadadgmul yovel nabijs:
3(a5) gadanacvlebadobis TvisebiT =3(5a), jufTebadobis TvisebiT=(35)a=15a.
amrigad, 3a5 CanaweriT mocemuli namravli SeiZleba warmovadginoT, rogorc (3a)5, an
3(a5), an 15a, an a15.
am magaliTebiT vemzadebiT momdevno gakveTilze maTematikuri TamaSisTvis: `romeli
Tvisebaa gamoyenebuli?~
53
gamravlebis TvisebaTa gamoyenebis erTi sayuradRebo nimuSia 17m+13m jamis gamartiveba.

saxeldobr,
17m+13m=(17+13)m=30m; an a, b da c ricxvebisTvis, ab+cb=(a+c)b.
aqtivobis Sefaseba. moswavleebi daakavSireben Sekrebisa da gamravlebis operaciebs;
gaecnobian, gaixseneben gamravlebis Tvisebebs da gaiwafebian gamoTvlebisas maT gamoyenebaSi,
asoiTi gamosaxulebebis martivi gardaqmnebisas, amocanebis amoxsnisas, riTac gaiRrmaveben
am sakiTxebis codnas da ganiviTareben misi gamoyenebis unarebs; sayuradRebo magaliTs
miiReben konkretuli faqtebis safuZvelze zogadi saxis varaudebis, debulebebis gaazrebasa
da formulirebaSi.
sakontrolo wera #2
Tema:

1.
ricxviTi sxivi
naturaluri ricxvebis gamravleba. gamravlebis Tvisebebi
A(12)
B(k)
suraTis mixedviT ipoveT k.

1) 24
2) 30
2.
M(45)
3) 5
4) 36.
P
suraTis mixedviT N da P wertilebs Soris Sua wertilis koordinatia.

1) 90
2) 60
3) 120
4) 6.
3. ricxviTi sxivis M wertili Seesabameba 2501840 namravlis mniSvnelobas. romel
wertilebs Soris mdebareobs M wertili?

O
A(50000)
1) O da A
B(100000)
C(150000)
2) A da B
D(200000)
3) B da C
4) C da D.
4. ipoveT G wertilis koordinati.
G
+90

1) 90
2) 120
3) 180
4) 150.
5. 961225251296 gamosaxulebis MmniSvnelobaa

1) 28800
2) 57600
3) 14400
4) 0.
6. vTqvaT, a, b da c nebismieri naturaluri ricxvebia, maSin gamravlebis ganrigebadobis

kanoni gamoklebis mimarT SeiZleba ase CavweroT:
1) (ab)ca(bc)=0
2) (ab)c=(ac)b
3) a(bc)=abac
4) (ab)c=abbc.
7. suraTis mixedviT ipoveT m, n, p da t ricxvebi.
+53
A(m)
C(p)
E(215)
D(t)
B(n)
-48
54
-36
+21
8. ipoveT x, y, z da k ricxvebi:
a) 7(x5)=0;
b) y(91)=8;
g) z4530=453016;
d) 81652(3+k)=816520.
7.

8.

t+21=215, t=21521=194;
n+53=t, n+53=194, n=19453=141;
p=t36, p=19436, p=158;
m=p48, m=15848=110.
a) 7(x5)=0, x5=0, x=5 _ nulis Tviseba;

b) y(91)=8, y8=8, y=1 _ erTis Tviseba;
g) z4530=453016, z=16;
d) 81652(3+k)=816520, 81652(3+k)=8165210, 3+k=10, k=7.
Sefasebis sqema.
testuri tipis amocanebi _ TiToeuli swori amoxsna Sefasdes 1 quliT.
me-7 da me-8 amocanebidan TiToeuli Sefasdes maqsimum 2 quliT _ TiToeuli cvladis
povna 0,5 quliT.
naSromTa gasworebisas gamoiyeneT 22-e gverdze warmodgenili komentarebi.
9. gamravlebis Sedegis Sefaseba. weriTi gamravleba

mizani. praqtikuli amocanis gadawyvetisas namravlis winaswari Sefasebis unaris ganvi
Tareba dawvrilebiTi gamoTvlebis Tavidan acilebisa da viTarebis swrafi Sefasebis
mizniT; Tanamamravlebis damrgvalebiT miRebuli namravlis zust namravlTan Sedarebisas
swori daskvnebis gamotanis unaris ganviTareba; qveSmiweriT gamravlebaSi gawafva; nulebiT
daboloebuli ricxvebis gamravlebisas gamravlebis Tvisebebis da 10-is xarisxebze gamravlebis
wesebis gamoyenebis unaris ganviTareba.
xSirad, roca moswavleebi ar axdenen Sedegebis winaswar Sefasebas, mcire e. w. `meqa
nikuri~ Secdomis gamo, Rebuloben amocanis SinaarsisTvis sruliad miuRebel pasuxs.
paragrafSi mocemuli masala xels uwyobs aseTi damokidebulebis Secvlas, miznis ufro
naTlad warmodgenas.
paragrafis I punqtSi moyvanili amocanis amoxsnisas orive Tanamamravli metobiT
daamrgvales, amitom miRebuli namravli zustze metia _ zusti namravli naklebia
miaxloebiT mniSvnelobaze. momdevno magaliTis damrgvalebebi naklebobiTaa Sesrulebuli
_ miaxloebiTi namravli naklebia zustze. sasurvelia moswavleebma am magaliTis Sesabamisi
amocana TviTon moifiqron; saswavlo procesi am SemTxvevaSi SemoqmedebiT xasiaTs miiRebs,
aamaRlebs moswavleTa CarTulobas saswavlo procesSi.
moswavleebma unda moifiqron iseTi amocana, sadac monacemebis miaxloebiT mniSvnelobaTa
namravli Sesadarebelia zust mniSvnelobasTan. maT amocanebSi unda iyos kiTxva: èyofa Tu
ara...~ magaliTad, eyofa Tu ara organizacias 7 950 lari, 41 cali 238 lariani kondicioneris
sayidlad?
55
2384120040=8000 _ amisTvis 8000-ze meti lari yofila saWiro da pasuxia _ ar eyofa.

amave punqtis mesame magaliTSi ganxilulia SemTxveva, roca Tanamamravlebidan erTi
metobiTaa damrgvalebuli, meore _ naklebobiT.
SevajamoT pirveli punqtis Sedegebi, ganvixiloT sami SemTxveva:
I _ orive Tanamamravli metobiT davamrgvaloT:
2384824050=12000. vambobT namravlis zusti mniSvnelona (zusti namravli) naklebia 12000ze. magaliTad, am saqmes moxmarda 12 000 laramde, an damzadda 12000-mde tona...
II orive Tanamamravli davamrgvaloT naklebobiT:
2385220050=10000. vambobT _ zusti namravli metia 10 000-ze. magaliTad, TamaSs daeswro
10 000-ze meti mayurebeli.
III _ Tanamamravlebidan erTi metobiT damrgvalda, meore _ naklebobiT:
2384820050=10000. vambobT _ movida miaxloebiT 10 000 mayurebeli, daixarja miaxloebiT 10
000 lari. am SemTxvevaSi ar vazustebT _ miaxloebiTi mniSvneloba metia Tu naklebi zustze.
Tu SeniSnavT, rom aq warmodgenili masala zogierTi moswavlisTvis rTulad aRsaqmeli
_ moswavle ver axerxebs gamravlebis Sedegis Sefasebas, daubrundiT umartives SemTxvevebs.
SeexeT moswavlisTvis kargad cnobil yofiT situaciebs, CarTeT is aqtiur ganxilvaSi,
uTuod miaRwevT warmatebas.
meore punqti eTmoba weriTi gamravlebis wesebis gaxsenebas, moswavleTa gawafvas
qveSmiweriT gamravlebaSi, 10-is xarisxze gamravlebis wesebis gaxsenebasa da nulebiT
daboloebuli ricxvebis gamravlebisas gamravlebis Tvisebebis gamoyenebas. magaliTad,

503=(105)3=10(53)=1015=150.
an mokled,

50300=(53)(10100)=151000=15000.
gamoviyeneT gamravlebis gadanacvlebadobis, jufTebadobis Tvisebebi da 10-ze
gamravlebis wesi.
SeaxseneT moswavleebs, rom am punqtis teqstSi da, saerTod, mTel saxelmZRvaneloSi
dauSvebelia Canawerebis gakeTeba, saxelmZRvanelom unda SeinarCunos Tavdapirveli saxe
4-5 wlis ganmavlobaSi mainc.
klasSi
13 g) 3611=36(10+1)=360+36=396.
16 a) 41234020, an 41234023, an 41234120. samive es miaxloeba naklebobiTaa. amocanis
pirobis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba gamravleba Sesruldes aseTi miaxloebiT

41234025=1000.
17 19282030=600, metobiT.
18 Tanamamravlebi: 185 da 14 davamrgvaloT umaRles Tanrigebamde, miviRebT:
618514620010=12000, e. i. yuTebSi miaxloebiT 12000 fanqaria.
3829 unda SevadaroT 1220-s, radgan 38294030=1200 metobiT. amitom 25 dReSi

damzaddeba 1200-ze naklebi detali 1220 detals ver daamzadeben.
19
20 SevafasoT 12812 namravli.

1281212810 1280 naklebobiT.
1280>1200, e. i. Tonis sruli datvirTviT amuSaveba ar aris saWiro, sruli datvirTviT
muSaobisas ukve 10 sT-Si SekveTa Sesrulebuli iqneboda.
24 38628 unda SevadaroT 12140km-s.
3862840030=12 000 metobiT. e. i. 4 kviraSi/28 dReSi navi gaivlis 12 000 km-ze naklebs.
56
25 a) ganxilvis pirvel etapze moswavleebi amoicnoben II Tanamamravls, is 21-ia. (ra
erTniSna ricxvze unda gavamravloT 3, rom miviRoT 3 an 3-iT daboloebuli ricxvi? _ 1-ze).
meore etapze amoicnoben I Tanamamravls, is 483-ia. Semdeg aRadgenen danarCen cifrebs.
b) ra ricxvze unda gavamravloT 8, rom, miviRoT 0 an 0-iT daboloebuli ricxvi? _ 0-ze
an 5-ze. 0 ar gamodgeba. masze gamravlebiT oTxniSna ricxvi ar miiReba, darCa _ 5. es cifri
aris II Tanamamravlis erTeulis cifri.
ra ricxvze unda gavamravloT 8, rom miviRoT 4-iT daboloebuli ricxvi? _ 3-ze an 8-ze.
8 ar gamodgeba, radgan 3188 ar aris samniSna ricxvi, e. i. II Tanamamravlis aTeulis cifria 3.
danarCeni cifrebis aRdgena qveSmiweriT gamravlebis wesiT moxdeba, miviRebT: 31835=11 130.
26 maklebia a, saklebi _ 5a, sxvaoba _ 5aa=4a. 4a metia a-ze 4-jer. pirobiT, a=720;
saklebia 5720=3600, sxvaoba _ 4720=2880.
27 maklebia a, saklebi _ 6a, sxvaoba _ 6aa=5a. sxvaoba 5-jer metia maklebze. sxvaoba
tolia 5324=1620-is.
saSinao davalebis 23 savarjiSoSi:
a) oTxniSna ricxvis 9-ze gamrvlebiT miiRes kvlav oTxniSna
ricxvi. amitom, I
Tanamamravlis aTaseulis Tanrigis cifria 1. ra ricxvze unda gavamravloT 9, rom miviRoT
7-ze daboloebuli ricxvi? _ 3-ze. amrigad, I Tanamamravlis erTeulis Tanrigis cifri 3-ia,
aTeulis cifri 0 unda iyos. miviReT: 1 1 0 3
9
9 9 2 7
b) mocemuli samniSna ricxvi 1-ze unda gamravldes, rom kvlav samniSna ricxvi miviRoT.
e. i. II Tanamamravlis erTeulis Tanrigis cifri 1-ia, I Tanamamravlis erTeulis cifri _ 5.
II Tanamamravlis aTeulis cifri luwia da am luwi ricxvis 6-ze gamravlebiT miiReba 2-iT
dawyebuli orniSna ricxvi. es ricxvia 4. miviReT, rom II Tanamamravli 41-ia, I Tanamamravli
_ 625. pasuxi: 62541=25625.
24 amocanis amoxsna SeiZleba mxolod pirobis damatebiT. saxelmZRvanelos pasuxebSi

SemoTavazebulia dasamatebeli piroba. SeiZleba daematos sxva pirobac. magaliTad, meoreSi
Tavdapirvelad iyo 5 000 litri benzini; an _ meoreSi Tavdapirvelad iyo 2-jer meti benzini,
vidre pirvelSi; an meoreSi darCa imdeni, ramdenic gaitanes da sxva.
moisazre
a-s mniSvnelobebidan moswavleebs SeiZleba gamorCeT TviT 8 an 1. mivaqcioT amas

yuradReba! pasuxi: 1; 2; 4; 8.
2 ac=c tolobidan daadgenen, rom a=1. amitom b da c gansxvavebulebia 1-isgan. darCa

b=4, c=2 an b=2, c=4. miviReT:
1 4
1 2
an
2
4

2 8
2 8
SeiZleba gamoiyenoT sinjvis meTodi, romlis drosac unda ganixiloT c-s mxolod oTxi
mniSvneloba 1; 2; 4; 8 (ixileT wina amocana).
maklebi iyos x, saklebi iqneba 3x, sxvaoba
3xx=2x. sxvaoba maklebze 2-jer metia,
sxvaoba 1400-ia, maklebi 2-jer naklebia _ 700, saklebi 3-jer metia maklebze _ 2 100.
57
4 z unda iyos 5 an 0. 0 gamoiricxeba (pirobis Tanaxmad), e. i. z=5; a ar SeiZleba iyos

1-ze meti ricxvi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi namravli ar iqneba samniSna, e. i. a=1.
c kentia, radgan misi 5-ze gamravlebis Sedegi 5-iT bolovdeba, e. i. c=9.
x metia, an tolia 5-is, e. i. x=6.
b da y-isTvis darCa luwi ricxvebi 2 da 4. 5b bolovdeba 0-iT, e. i. y=4, b=2.
5 II ricxvi iyos x, I ricxvi _ 5x, II ricxvi 3-jer naklebia x+5x=6x-ze. e. i. III ricxvia 2x.
II ricxvi 2-jer naklebia III-ze.
I _ 3x
4x

II _ x

III _ 2x
III metia II-ze 2-jer.
7 warwera Sav CanTaze _ `CanTaSi qarTulis da maTematikis wignebia~ niSnavs, rom

CanTaSi aris qarTulis wignic da maTematikis wignic. es warwera arasworia mxolod maSin,
roca am CanTaSi aris mxolod qarTulis wigni, an mxolod maTematikis wigni. radgan mcdaria
warwera lurj CanTaze, amitom masSi iqneba maTematikis wigni, SavSi aRmoCndeba qarTulis
wigni.
8 4-ze da 5-ze namravlebis jami iqneba 643-is 9-ze namravlis toli:

6439=3215+2572=5787.
gamravleba ase dasruldeba:
643
945
3215
2572
5787
607635
9 yuradRebas vaqcevT termins èrTi mainc wiTeli vaSli~ (adre gvqonda èrTi mainc
ricxvi~), anu 1 an 1-ze meti wiTeli vaSli unda amoviRoT.

aseTi amocanebis amoxsnisas vixilavT yvelaze ùiRblo~ (uares) variants, rodesac sul
mwvane vaSlebi amodis. aseTi SemTxveva ar SeiZleba iyos 10-ze meti. 10 uiRblo amoRebis
Semdeg me-11 vaSli aucileblad wiTeli aRmoCndeba. pasuxi: 11.
aqtivoba. gamravlebis Sedegis Sefaseba ($9, I punqti).
aqtivobis mizani. mocemuli ricxviTi gamosaxulebis daxasiaTebisas mniSvnelobis
Sromatevadi, araaucilebeli gamoTvlebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT moswavlem SeZlos
moqmedebis komponentebis damrgvaleba da Semdeg maTze moqmedebebis swrafad Sesruleba;
amasTanave, man unda SeZlos, amocanis pirobidan gamomdinare, dagegmos ganxilvis gza, SearCios
damrgvalebis wesi _ metobiT daamrgvalos, Tu naklebobiT; gaiwafos gamravlebis Sedegis
SefasebaSi.
0-ebze daboloebuli ricxvebis gamravleba
erTniSna ricxvze gamravleba
58
ricxvebis damrgvaleba
amocanis konteqstis mixedviT moqmedebebis Tanamimdevrobis SerCeva.
aqtivobis aRwera. Temis Seswavlas viwyebT amocanis ($9-is I punqti, I amocana) dasmiT,
sadac moswavles mouwevs amocanis amoxsnisTvis saWiro moqmedebis Sedegis 626 000-Tan
Sedareba. es Sedareba SesaZlebelia dawvrilebiTi gamoTvlebis gareSe _ swrafi angariSiT
moxerxdes. moswavleebi amocanis gadasawyvetad saWiro moqmedebas weren dafaze 26 70018 da
Semdeg TiToeuli Tanamamravlis umaRles Tanrigamde metobiT damrgvalebiT miRebul ricxvs
(600 000-s) adareben 626 000-s. cxadia, kompania am davalebas ver Seasrulebs.
dafaze davtovoT Sefaseba: 26 70018<600 000.
axla SeiZleba SevTavazoT igive amocana Secvlili monacemebiT: kompanias dReSi SeuZlia
32 300 litris gamoSveba; SeZlebs Tu ara es kompania 22 dReSi 600 000 litris gamoSvebas?
moswavleebi imave meTodiT Tu isargebleben, miiReben, rom 32 3002230 00020=600 000.
imsjelon, ra igulisxmeba miRebul miaxloebiT pasuxSi _ kompanias zustad 600 000 lit
ris damzadeba SeuZlia, metis, Tu naklebis? erToblivi gansjiT miviRebT 32 30022>600 000.
pasuxia _ kompania am davalebis Sesrulebas SeZlebs.
am ori amocanidan unda gamoitanon daskvnebi: I SemTxvevaSi Tanamamravlebi metobiT
damrgvalda Tu naklebobiT?
sasurvelia moswavleebma orive SemTxveva sityvierad aRweron. magaliTad, I SemTxvevaSi
kompania amzadebs 600 000 litrze naklebs, II SemTxvevaSi 600 000 litrze mets.
am ori amocanis Semdeg SeiZleba gavagrZeloT I punqtSi SemoTavazebuli amocanebidan
meore _ fexburTis matCze mayurebelTa odenobebze.
am amocanebis ganxilvis Semdeg moswavlem unda SeZlos 3 SemTxvevis gamoyofa:
a) erT-erTi Tanamamravli damrgvalebulia metobiT _ miaxloebiTi Sedegi miRebulia
metobiT, anu miaxloebiTi Sedegi metia zustze.
b) erT-erTi Tanamamravli damrgvalebulia naklebobiT _ miaxloebiTi Sedegi miRebulia
naklebobiT, anu miaxloebiTi Sedegi naklebia zustze.
g) Tanamamravlebidan zogi metobiTaa damrgvalebuli, zogi naklebobiT, am dros
gamravlebis Sedegis Sefasebas Semdgomi dazusteba esaWiroeba.
gamravlebis Sedegis Sefasebasa da mis mravalmxriv gamoyenebaSi gawafvisTvis SeiZleba
amoixsnas saklaso savarjiSoebidan
1 - 12 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 24 savarjiSoebi.
saSinao davaleba SevarCioT savarjiSoebidan:

17 ,
12 ,
14 ,
15 ,
16 ,
18 .
aqtivobis gafarToeba. ganvixiloT saklaso savarjiSo 16 .

4123 gavamravloT miaxloebiT sxvadasxva xerxiT. magaliTad, maswavlebeli sTavazobs
moswavles daamrgvalos I Tanamamravli:
41234023,
a=4023;
daamrgvalos II Tanamamravli:
41234120, b=4120,
daamrgvalos orive Tanamamravli: 41234020, c=4020.
Semdeg vTavazobTB a, b da c namravlis zust d mniSvnelobas (misi gamoTvlis gareSe) Seada
ron:
c (cxadia, c<d) radgan orive Tanamamravli naklebobiTaa damrgvalebuli;
a (a<d);
b (b<d);
a da b-s Sedareba SeiZleba msjelobis sagani gaxdes.
a zust namravlze 1-jer 23-iT anu 23-iT naklebia,
b zust namravlze 3-jer 41-iT naklebia, e. i. b<a.
59
gamravlebis Sedegis Sefasebis aq warmodgenili magaliTebis ganxilvam moswavleebs ar

unda Seuqmnas iluzia, rom msgavsi miaxloebiTi gamoTvlebi yovelTvis SevZlebT iolad
SevafasoT namravlebi. sailustraciod a-sa da b-s Sedareba SeiZleba moviyvanoT.
moswavleebSi analizis unaris ganviTarebas xels Seuwyobs 25 saklaso amocanis sajaro
ganxilvac. am tipis amocanebi, rogorc wesi, moswavleTa interess iwvevs da amitom maTi
ganxilva maRali aqtiurobiT warimarTeba.
aqtivobis Sefaseba. am aqtivobis warmatebiT ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi
gaiwafebian gamravlebis Sedegis swrafad SefasebaSi Tanamamravlebis damrgvalebis
saSualebiT. amocanis konteqstis mixedviT isini gamoimuSaveben damrgvalebis saWiro xerxis
(metobiT, naklebobiT) SerCevis unars. es unari maT gamoadgebaT momavalSi praqtikuli
(ekonomikuri, samSeneblo da sxva) amocanebis gadawyvetaSi.
10. sakoordinato bade

mizani. sakoordinato badis gamoyenebiT moswavle araformalurad gaecnos koordina
tebs da SeZlos raime obieqtis adgilmdebareobis aRwera simboloTa wyvilis gamoyenebiT, da
piriqiTac, obieqtis koordinatebis dadgena mocemuli badis mixedviT; gamoiyenos es xerxi
realur viTarebaSi; moswavlem SeZlos sakoordinato badeze marSrutis gamosaxva da piriqiT,
gamosaxuli marSrutiT aRweros obieqtis gadaadgileba, kerZod oTxi mimarTulebiT
gadaadgileba.
paragrafis dasawyisSive xdeba koordinatebis araformaluri gacnoba. suraTze Tbilisis
erT-erTi ubnis ramdenime obieqtia warmodgenili. maTi mdebareoba koordinatebiT (amjerad
simboloTa wyviliT _ asoTi da ricxviT) moswavleTa erToblivi ZalisxmeviT unda
ganisazRvros. zogierTi obieqtis mdebareobis gansazRvrisTvis ori an meti wyvilia saWiro.
magaliTad, ipodromi d4 da g4 kvadratebSia.
umravlesobisTvis nacnobia Wadrakis dafa da saWadrako figurebi. am dafaze yoveli
figuris mdebareoba ganisazRvreba ori koordinatiT (aso, ricxvi).
moswavleebi adgilidan asaxeleben yoveli figuris koordinatebs. SeiZleba koordinatebis
saSualebiT figurebis ramdenime svlac SemogvTavazon. magaliTad, upasuxon kiTxvebs:
dasaxeleT ujrebi, romlebzec erTi svliT SeiZleba gadaadgildes TeTri mefe (b1, c1,
d1, b2, d2, b3, c3, d3).
romelia am ujrebidan usafrTxo mefisTvis? da a. S.
savarjiSoSi suraTze warmodgenilia turistis moZraobis marSruti. am savarjiSos
Sesrulebis Semdeg
savarjiSoSi moswavles Tavad mouwevs aseTive marSrutis Sedgena
sawyisi, saboloo da Sualeduri punqtebis miTiTebiT, anu is iwafeba instruqciis mixedviT

sakoordinato badeze gadaadgilebaSi.
amocana wyvilebSi samuSaodaa gankuTvnili. am savarjiSos Sesrulebisas moswavleebi

iwafebian koordinatebiT obieqtis mdebareobis aRweraSi, xalisdebian, eCvevian jgufurad
muSaobas.
3
saWadrako dafa kargi magaliTia sakoordinato badisa. saSinao davalebis
savar
jiSoSi moswavlem saWadrako figuris _ mxedris svlac unda icodes. amitom Cven vacnobT
moswavles mxedris SesaZlo svlebs. am amocaniT moswavle sayuradRebo da sasargeblo
informacias gaecnoba. gegmaze muSaobisas is ukeT gaecnoba metropolitenis sadgurTa
umravlesobas, maT Tanamimdevrobas da urTierTganlagebas.
60
6
da
savarjiSoSi moswavleebs vTavazobT
Tavad moifiqron bade da miuTiTon obieqtebis koordinatebi.
am savarjiSoebis Sesrulebisas isini ukve gawafulni arian
koordinatebiT obieqtis mdebareobis gansazRvraSi. saklaso
oTaxi
SeiZleba Teatris darbaziviT dafaron badiT: anu
jer miuTiTon rigi, Semdeg adgili. magaliTad, Teonas
koordinatebia rigi 3, adgili 4.
rigi
adgili
savarjiSo moswavleTaTvis saxaliso aRmoCndeba. isini iwafebian garemos ganaSenia

nebis gegmis SedgenaSi.
rubrika `sxvadasxvaSi~ SemoTavazebuli TamaSi SeiZleba mezobel moswavleebs an
moswavleTa jgufebs Soris Catardes. yoveli `moxvedris~ Semdeg moswavleebi cdiloben
ipovon SesaZlo didi gemis danarCeni nawilebi _ eZeben maT horizontalurad an
vertikalurad mezobel ujrebSi. yoveli gasrolisas unda moniSnon
dasaxelebuli
koordinatebi TavianT badezec. TamaSis dasrulebis Semdeg msjeloben TamaSis strategiaze
_ rogor jobda gemebis ganlageba, romel ujrebze jobda Seteva. magaliTad, teqstSi
SemoTavazebulia didi gemebis erTmaneTTan axlos ganlagebis idea. ra upiratesoba aqvs am
ganlagebas?
suraTze mocemulia didi gemebis ganlagebis erTi maga
liTi, roca didi `sivrce~ rCeba katarRebisTvis da maTi
`povna~ Zneldeba.
SeiZleba Seicvalos wesebi ase: ramdenime erTdrouli
gasrola xdeba erTi moTamaSis mier, Semdeg amave odenobis
gasrolebs axdens meore mowinaaRmdege.
SeiZleba metoqes Seatyobinos mxolod moxvedraTa,
CaZirvebis da acdenebis saerTo odenoba.
TamaSis warmatebiT Catarebis Semdeg SeiZleba CavTvaloT,
rom Tqveni moswavleebi floben sakoordinato bades.
Tu sakoordinato badeebSi ujrebis odenoba didia, horizontalur RerZze asoebis
nacvlad ricxvebis miTiTeba iqneboda mosaxerxebeli. maSin gemis koordinatebi ricxvTa
wyviliT gamoisaxeba.
proeqtSi SemoTavazebulia internetis SesaZleblobaTa CarTva sakoordinato badis
ukeT aTvisebis procesSi. miTiTebuli gzebiT moswavle dainaxavs (kompiuterebisa da
internetis misawvdomobis SemTxvevaSi) sakuTari
sacxovrebeli ubnis, qalaqis, qveynis
saocar suraTebs. Tanamgzavrebidan gadaRebul am suraTebs man unda miusadagos mis mierve
damzadebuli sakoordinato badeebi. SeiZleba geografiuli rukebis, atlasebis gamoyenebac,
samuSaos dasrulebisas moswavleebs gaaxalisebda Sejibri punqtebisa da maTi koordinatebis
amocnobaSi.
61
aqtivoba. sakoordinato bade ($10)
aqtivobis mizani. moswavle daeuflos sakoordinato badeze obieqtis mdebareobis
gansazRvras koordinatebiT; daeuflos badeze gadaadgilebis aRweras koordinatebiT;
gamoiyenos miRebuli codna momijnave disciplinebSi (magaliTad, geografia). am aqtivobiT
safuZveli eyreba koordinatTa sistemis gaazrebasa da mis aqtiur gamoyenebas.
sakoordinato sxivze wertilis mdebareobis da misi gadaadgilebis aRwera koordinatebis
saSualebiT.
ariTmetikuli moqmedebebi naturalur ricxvebze.
sakoordinato sxivze wertilis gadaadgilebis dakavSireba Sekrebisa da gamoklebis
operaciebTan.
masala:
saxelmZRvanelos $10-is suraTebi.
ori sakoordinato bade yoveli moswavlisTvis.
aqtivobis aRwera.
Temis axsnas paragrafis dasawyisSi mocemuli suraTis ganxilviT viwyebT. erT-erTi
raionis gegma sakoordinato badiTaa dafaruli, koordinatebiT obieqtis mdebareobis
miTiTebaSi moswavleebs daexmarebaT maswavleblis kiTxvebi:
ra obieqtia g svetSi (lokomotivis stadioni, WavWavaZis gamziris nawili, TamaraSvilis
quCis nawili, ipodromis da vakis parkis nawili),
ra obieqtia me-2 striqonSi?
ra obieqtia g svetsa da me-2 striqonSi? _ lokomotivis stadioni, vakis parkis
nawili,
lokomotivis stadionis koordinatebia (g; 2), vakis parkis nawilic (g; 2) kvadratSia
gamosaxuli.
am suraTis saSualebiT moswavleebi gaiwafebian obieqtis koordinatebis dasaxelebaSi da
piriqiT, koordinatebiT obieqtis mignebaSi.
amis Semdeg moswavleebs davavaloT maTTvis darigebul cariel badeebze ganaTavson maT
mier `daarsebuli~ `qalaqebi~, `regionebi~, `saxelmwifoebi~, ganalagon obieqtebi da aRweron
isini koordinatebiT.
isargebleT romelime moswavlis gegmiT, saxelmZRvaneloSi $10-is teqstis bolo suraTiT
da dasviT kiTxvebi:
ra koordinatebis mqone ujrebi unda gaiaros mgzavrma klubidan saavadmyofoSi
misasvlelad?
miuTiTeT sxva traeqtoria imave gadaadgilebisTvis.
mocemuli koordinatebiT aRwereT mgzavris gadaadgileba:
(6; 2) (6; 3) (6; 4) (7; 4) (8; 4). (saavadmyofo _ tba ).
miuTiTeT umoklesi traeqtoria imave gadaadgilebisTvis da sxva.
es savarjiSo moswavleebs saSinao davalebis
amocanis SesrulebaSi daexmareba.
am da sxva misi msgavsi kiTxvebiT moswavleebi gaiwafebian koordinatebiT sakoordina

to badeze gadadgilebis aRweraSi. paragrafis yoveli savarjiSo am unar-Cvevebis ganviTare
bisTvisaa gankuTvnili. yuradReba gaamaxvileT (a; b) da (b; a) wertilTa ganlagebaze.
62
savarjiSos Sesasruleblad moswavleebs kvlav davurigebT sakoordinato badeebs.
am savarjiSoTi maT mouwevT Tanaklaselis mier DdaSifruli cifris amocnoba Tanaklaselis

mier miTiTebuli koordinatebis mqone ujrebis gaferadebiT.
SeiZleba `daSifron ~ saqarTvelos droSa.
Wadrakis mcodne moswavleebi koordinatebis saSualebiT aswavlian Tanaklaselebs
figurebis svlebs.
magaliTad, Wadrakis partia ufro xSirad iwyeba paikis svliT e2-e4. romel ujraze
SeiZleba gadaadgildes mxedari b2? da sxva.
aqtivobis gafarToeba SeiZleba momdevno gakveTilze `sazRvao brZolebiT~
ganxorcieldes, TamaSi saxelmZRvaneloSia aRwerili, misi ganxorcieleba sakoordinato badis
flobis garda anviTarebs sabrZolo strategiebis SemuSavebis, mowinaaRmdegis strategiis
amocnobis unars.
aqtivobis Sefaseba. aqtivobis ganxorcielebis Sedegad moswavleebi gaiwafebian
sakoordinato badeze obieqtis mdebareobisa da gadaadgilebis aRweraSi koordinatebis
meSveobiT. es aqtivobebi amzadebs moswavleebs geografiis, informatikis gakveTilebisTvisac.
isini ukve SeZleben obieqtis grZedis da ganedis saSualebiT mignebas; figuris koordinatebiT
gamosaxva daexmareba kompiuteruli suraTebis SeqmnaSi.
Ddamoukidebeli wera #3
Tema:

gamravlebis Sedegis Sefaseba. weriTi gamravleba.

sakoordinato bade
1. Tanamamravlebis umaRles Tanrigamde damrgvalebiT ipoveT miaxloebiT 71693296

namravli.
1) 21600000
2) 14000000
3) 21000000
4) 24000000.
2. sasadilosTvis sayidelia 73 tomara kartofili, TiToeuli 43 larad. am
SenaZenisTvis sakmarisia
1) 3 aTas 200 lari
2) 3 aTas 100 lari
3) 2 aTas 300 lari
4) 2 aTas 100 lari.
3. daamrgvaleT Tanamamravlebi naklebobiT aseulamde da ipoveT namravli: 2569731.
1) 1820000
2) 1750000
3) 2100000
4) 1400000.
4. amJamad mefrinveleobis fermaSi 19 aTas 384 frinvelia; maTi ricxvis 2-jer gazrdis
SemTxvevaSi fermaSi iqneba
1) 38700-ze naklebi frinveli
2) 38000-ze naklebi frinveli
3) 40 aTasze naklebi frinveli
4) 40 aTasze meti frinveli.
63
skola
zooparki
cirki
5. mocemul sakoor
dinato
badeze
`baRis~
Sesabamisi
kvadratebis
koordinatebia:
a) (a; 2)
2) (b; 4)
3) (d; 3)
4) (g; 2).
stadioni
baRi
auzi
6. mocemul sakoordinato badeze (e; 4) kvadratSi ganlagebulia

1) zooparki
2) auzi
3) skola
4) cirki.
7. gaarkvieT, rogor Seicvleba ori ricxvis namravli, Tu
a) erT-erTi Tanamamravli Semcirdeba 9-jer, meore ki ar Seicvleba;
b) erT-erTi Tanamamravli gaizrdeba 3-jer, meore ki 5-jer.
20
19
18
8. marikam peplis amoqargva gadawyvita

da ujrian furcelze Sesafarisi naxatic
Seasrula,
Tumca
frTebze
`xalebis~
moniSvna
bolomde
ver
moaswro
_
mosaniSni darCa erTi erTujriani da
erTic
orujriani
`xalebi~.
frTebis
mokecvisas
`xalebi~
erTmaneTs
unda
emTxveodes. daasaxeleT mosaniSni ujrebis
koordinatebi da moniSneT es wertilebi.
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
pasuxebi da miTiTebebi amocanebis amoxsnisTvis
7. a) erT-erTi Tanamamravlis 9-jer Semcireba gamoiwvevs namravlis 9-jer Semcirebas;

b) namravli gaizrdeba 35=15-jer.
8. gasaferadebeli ujrebia (7; 14), (15, 9) da (16; 8).
64
Sefasebis sqema.
yoveli testidan TiToeulis amoxsna _ 1 qula.
me-7 amocana _ a) _ 0,5 q.

b) _ 0,5 q.
me-8 amocana _ sworad moniSnuli yoveli wertilisTvis da misTvis sworad amowerili
koordinatebisTvis _ 1 qula.
srulyofili pasuxebisTvis _ 3 qula.
naSromTa gasworebisas gamoiyeneba 22-e gverdze warmodgenili rekomendaciebi.
11. ricxviTi da asoiTi gamosaxulebebis Sedgenisa da

gamartivebis meTodebi
mizani. moswavlem SesZlos realuri vaTarebis, teqsturi amocanis sityvieri aRweris
mixedviT Sesabamisi ricxviTi gamosaxulebis an erTi cvladis Semcveli gamosaxulebis Sedgena;
ricxviTi gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobis povna ricxvebze moqmedebaTa Tvisebebis gamoyenebiT;
cvladiani gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobebis povna cvladis sxvadasxva mniSvnelobisTvis.
gamoTvlebSi gawafvis kvalobaze gamoTvlebis racionaluri gzebis SerCevis unaris
ganviTareba; ricxvTa Caweris poziciur sistemaze warmodgenebis gaRrmaveba.
paragrafis teqstSi moyvanilia teqsturi amocana da aRwerilia misi Sesabamisi ricxviTi
gamosaxulebis Sedgenis procesi. Semdeg mocemulia meore amocana, romelic miiReba
pirvelisgan erT-erTi ricxviTi monacemis SecvliT. Sesabamisi ricxviTi gamosaxulebebis
SedarebiT xdeba amocanis ganzogadeba _ miTiTebuli ricxviTi mniSvnelobis cvladiT
Canacvleba. ganxilulia is kerZo SemTxvevebi, roca cvladi sawyis etapze mocemul
mniSvnelobebs iRebs.
savarjiSoebi isea SerCeuli, rom moswavleebma Teoriuli codna ganimtkicon praqtikuli
gamoyenebebiT. daxurulboloiani (testuri) tipis amocanebis amoxsnisas ( 1 - 20 ) zogierT
SemTxvevaSi ar SemoifargloT mxolod swori pasuxis miTiTebiT _ aucileblad gaarCieT Tu
ra mosazrebas, an moqmedebaTa ra Tvisebebs efuZneba moswavleTa arCevani. magaliTad, 1 _
ricxviTi gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobas vpoulobT moqmedebaTa Tanamimdevrobis wesis dacvis
gziT, 6 , 7 , 8 _ viyenebT ganrigebadobis kanons, 18 , 19 , 20 _ marTkuTxedis
perimetris gamosaTvleli formulis gamoyeneba.
gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT moekideT cvladiani gamosaxulebebis mniSvnelobis povnis
process. magaliTad, 21 amocanaSi SesaZlebelia an cvladis mniSvnelobis pirdapiri Casma,
an gamosaxulebis winaswar gamartiveba:
I xerxi. Tu n=75, maSin (135+n)23=(135+75)23=21023=187;
II xerxi. Tu n=75, maSin (135+n)23=13523+n=112+n=112+75=187.
ricxviTi an cvladiani gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobis povnis racionaluri gzis Ziebisas
moswavleebi uTuod darwmundebian, rom winaswari gamartiveba xSirad arsebiTad amcirebs
Sromatevad gamoTvlebs. aseTive analizi sasurvelia Catardes 29 amocanis amoxsnisas.
kanonzomierebis aRmoCenis, hipoTezis SemoTavazebis, misi kritikuli analizisa da Caweris
unarebis ganviTarebas emsaxureba 33 amocana _ a) meore svetis ricxvebi 3-iT aRemateba
pirveli svetis Sesabamis ricxvebs; b) meore svetis ricxvebi 3-iT naklebia pirveli svetis
Sesabamis ricxvebze; g) meore svetis ricxvebi erTiT aRemateba pirveli svetis Sesabamisi
ricxvebis gaorkecebuls. 35 amocanaSi SesaZloa zogierTma moswavlem orjer dasaxelebuli
`nakleboba~, orivejer gayofas daukavSiros. Semdgom aseT Secdomebs mxolod klasSi sajaro
ganxilva agvaSorebs.
65
pedagogebs SevaxsenebT, rom sxvadasxva akademiuri donis moswavleebTan warmodgenili

saklaso da klasgareSi muSaoba mxolod diferencirebuli _ moswavleTa individualuri
Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiTaa SesaZlebeli.
saSinao davalebis amocanebi saklaso amocanebis analogiuria. gamonakliss warmoadgens
24 _ suraTis mixedviT moswavleebi iReben gantolebas 10x=50, saidanac x=5 (sm). BC
monakveTis sigrZe 3x-ia, anu 35=15 sm-ia.
mniSvnelovania sidideTa (Tanxis) erTsa da imave zomis erTeulebSi (TeTrebSi)
36
gamosaxva.
1 amocana sinjvis meTodiT amovxsnaT; amasTanave, erTniSna ricxvis `dasawuneblad~

sakmarisia gamravlebisas ori mainc gansxvavebuli cifris miReba. magaliTad,
142857
2
142857
cxadia, rom 2 ar gamodgeba. amocanis pirobas

7
akmayofilebs erTaderTi erTniSna ricxvi _ 7:
999999

1abcd7
gamravlebis TanamimdevrobiT SesrulebiTa da
2 pirobiT,
5

71abcd
miRebuli Sedegis TanamamravlSi gaTvaliswinebiT vipoviT ucnobi cifrebis
mniSvnelobebs. magaliTad, 75=35, e. i. d=5; d5+3=25+3=28, e. i. c=8 da a. S. b=2, a=4:
... 14
142857
5
714285
3 gaviTvaliswinoT, rom pirobiT, 5abcde:4=abcde5, amitom, abcde54=5abcde. gamoviyenoT

wina amocanaSi aRwerili meTodi da miviRebT: a=1, b=2, c=8, d=2, e=0.
es amocana SeiZleba, magaliTad, ase amovxsnaT:

vato, zura, _ ,
_ 11

vato, _, irakli
_ 12

_ , zura, irakli _ 13.
amrigad, 11+12+13=36 aris biWebis kaklebis odenobaTa gaorkecebulebis jami. Sesabamisad,
saerTo odenoba iqneba 36-is naxevari, anu 18.
b) cal-calke odenobebis povna SeiZleba aseTi sqemebiT:
vato, zura, irakli
vato, irakli, zura

11
12

18
18
iraklis: 1811=7
zuras: 1812=6
an irakli, zura
7
13
zuras: 137=6.
cxadia, vatos aqvs 1876=5 kakali.
5 amocanis pirobis mixedviT, daWerili Tevzebis umciresi odenoba aranakleb erTia.

sinjvis meTodiT SeiZleba davrwmundeT, rom arsebobs SesaZlo odenobaTa erTaderTi
oTxeuli: 1; 2; 3; 4. radgan 1+4=2+3, amitom biWebma da gogonebma Tanabari odenobis Tevzebi
daiWires?
6 amocana variantebis SerCevis saintereso magaliTs warmogvidgens. SemoTavazebulia
SesaZlo Secvlis mxolod ori nimuSis moZieba. erTeulebi calsaxad ganisazRvra. mniSvnelovan
SezRudvas cifrebis gameorebis dauSvebloba qmnis. klasSi erToblivma ganxilvam, Ziebam
SeiZleba or aseT nimuSamde migviyvanos:
6450
3450
+
+
3120
6120

9570
9570
66
12. or sidides Soris damokidebulebis gamosaxvis xerxebi

mizani. moswavlem SeZlos sityvieri aRweriT, cxriliT, an diagramiT mocemuli ori sidi
dis konkretuli mniSvnelobebis analizis gziT aRmoaCinos am sidideTa Soris damokidebu
lebis zogadi wesi, Semdeg ki am wesis mixedviT mocemuli sidideebisTvis miuTiTos saTanado
mniSvnelobaTa wyvilebi; mocemuli damokidebulebisTvis Tvisebrivad aRweros erTi sididis
cvlilebisas masze damokidebuli meore sididis cvlileba (magaliTad, erTis zrda iwvevs meoris
zrdas/klebas); gadadgas mniSvnelovani nabiji Sesabamisobis, funqciis arsis gaazrebisken.
monacemTa analiziT kanonzomierebis aRmoCenis da asoiTi gamosaxulebis saxiT am
kanonzomierebis warmodgenis nimuSebi wina paragrafis amocanebis amoxsnisasac Segvxvda _
ixileT 11-is 33 , 27 da sxva. zogierTma maswavlebelma axal masalaze gadasvlisTvis
saWiro Semamzadebeli samuSao SeiZleba am amocanebis ganxilviT Caataros. gakveTilis
gegmis Sedgenisas gasaTvaliswinebelia sxva aspeqtebic: resursebi, aqtivobebi (magaliTad,
motivacia, moswavleTa Cabmuloba, muSaobis Sefaseba, davalebis SerCeva, diferencirebuli
muSaoba). am mxriv saxelmZRvanelo TiTqmis yvela saWiro masalasa da miTiTebas Seicavs,
igi erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan srul SesabamisobaSia (miaqcieT yuradReba rukaze ferebis
cvlilebis magaliTis ganxilvas). warmodgenili paragrafiT Cven miznad visaxavT sidideebs
Soris damokidebulebebze moswavleTa yuradRebis fokusirebas, realur cxovrebaSi aseTi
damokidebulebebis aRmoCenisa da formalizebis, maTematikurad warmodgenis unar-Cvevebis
Camoyalibeba/ganmtkicebas.
savarjiSoebis umravlesoba warmogvidgens sidideTa Soris praqtikul damokidebulebebs:
siCqare _ gavlili manZili, tvirTis odenoba _ masa, saqonlis odenoba _ Rirebuleba. didi
yuradReba eqceva formuliT mocemuli damokidebulebisTvis Sesabamisobis cxrilis Sevsebis
problemebs _ ganxilulia pirdapiri da Sebrunebuli amocanebi.
sigrZis sxvadasxva zomis erTeulebs Soris damokidebulebas exeba 9 amocana: AB=2
dm=20 sm, amitom erekles saxazavze B wertili SeuTavsdeba 23-is Sesabamis wertils.
10 vixsenebT drois erTeulebs Soris damokidebulebebs: 1 wT=60 wm, 1 sT=60 wT=3600

wm. saSinao davalebebis
da
12
amocanebis ganxilvisas sasurvelia aRwerili
damokidebulebis analizuri (formuliT) warmodgena. 15 amocanaSi pirveli cxrilis

mixedviT aRmovaCenT savaraudo Sesabamisobebs: x 500 000x. meore cxrilis mixedviT x
600000x. I firmas gza gayavs ufro iafad. daizoga 6(600000500000)=600000 (lari).
6
Tu 1 ivnisis Semdeg gavida x dRe, gayiduli dRiuri odenoba iqneba 240+24x;

Sesabamisad, 5 dRis Semdeg gaiyideba 240+245=360 cali nayini.
7
x Tvis Semdeg simaRle iqneba 40+3x sm; Sesabamisad, Tu x=4, simaRlea 40+34=52 sm.
12 x-wuTiani saubris Rirebulebaa 10+24x TeTri. amrigad, vRebulobT:

10+24x=58, x=2.
am amocanis amoxsnisas moswavleTa mier SemoTavazebuli mosazrebebis ganxilvis
14
Semdeg SeTavazeT klass geometriuli amocanebi:
tolferda samkuTxedis ferdi x sm-ia, xolo fuZe ferdze 1 sm-iT moklea. gamosaxeT am
samkuTxedis perimetri x-iT.
marTkuTxedis erTi gverdis sigrZea x sm, meore gverdi pirvelze 1 sm-iT grZelia.
gamosaxeT am marTkuTxedis perimetri.
marTkuTxedis erTi gverdis sigrZea x sm, es gverdi meore gverdze 12 sm-iT grZelia.
gamosaxeT am marTkuTxedis perimetri x-iT.
imsjeleT TiToeul gamosaxulebaSi x-is SesaZlo mniSvnelobebis Sesaxeb; ipoveT
gamosaxuli sidideebis mniSvneloba (miRebuli asoiTi gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba) x-is
romelime mniSvnelobisTvis.
67
jgufuri muSaobis proeqti

es proeqti xels uwyobs moswavleebs monacemTa daxarisxeba/warmodgenis unar-Cvevebis
gamomuSavebasa da ganmtkicebaSi. es proeqti statistikis propedevtikadac CaiTvleba.
sacalo da sabiTumo fasebs Soris damokidebulebis sityvieri aRweris mixedviT
moswavleebi miiReben Sesabamisobas x x1.
pirveli davalebis Sesruleba SeiZleba gadanawildes jgufis wevrebs Soris. magaliTad,
erTi da imave klasebis saxelmZRvaneloebis mixedviT. davalebis Sesrulebis Semdeg
moswavleebs eqnebaT daxarisxebuli da mowesrigebuli monacemebi.
am davalebis Sesasruleblad moswavleebs dasWirdebaT wina etapze Sedgenili erT-erTi
cxrili _ IX klasis Sesabamisi saxelmZRvaneloebis sacalo fasebi.
mesame davalebis Sesasruleblad moswavleebs daWirdebaT V klasis saxelmZRvaneloebis
sacalo da sabiTumo fasebi; aucilebelia klasis moswavleTa odenobis codnac.
fasdaklebis axali wesis Sesabamisad Seicvleba monacemTa cxrilebic. maT SeiZleba
aseTi saxec mieceT, Tumca misaRebia sxva tipis cxrilis Sedgenac.
III klasis saxelmZRvaneloebis fasebi
sagani
sacalo
germanuli
inglisuri
sabiTumo
x1
x2
1 111=373; pirobis Sesabamisad, klasSi 37 moswavlea.

2 I xerxi. SegviZlia sinjvis meTodi gamoviyenoT. erTaderTi SesaZlo cifri (ricxvi),
romelic 7-ze gamravlebisas erTeulebSi isev am cifrs mogvcems, aris 5. Sesabamisad, orniSna
ricxvia 35.
II xerxi (pedagogebisTvis). vTqvaT, es orniSna ricxvia 10a+b. maSin, pirobis Tanaxmad,
10a+b=7b, 10a=6b, 5a=3b, b=5, a=3, saZiebeli ricxvia 35.
3 gaviTvaliswinoT, rom ukanaskneli gverdis nomeri luwi ricxviT gamoisaxeba, anu 312iT, amovardnili gverdebis odenobaa 312212=100, rac 50 furcels Seadgens.
68
TanamimdevrobiT xdeba kidura wevrebis gadaadgileba. miviRebT
Ddamoukidebeli wera #4
ricxviTi da asoiTi gamosaxulebebis Sedgena da gamartiveba;
or sidides Soris damokidebulebis gamosaxvis xerxebi.
Tema:

1. ipoveT (5212):4+90 gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba.

a) 10
b) 40
g) 100
d) 94.
2. ipoveT (32+a)51 gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba, roca a=28.
a) 28
b) 60
g) 51
d) 9.
3. yoveli x ricxvisTvis 52+12x9x+3x=
a) 6x+52
b) 52x+3
g) 52+3x
d) 52+15x.
4. CawereT gamosaxulebis saxiT: gaorkecebuli n-isa da 17-is jamis 8-ze namravli.

a) 2n+178
b) (2n+17)8
g) 2(n+178)
d) 2(n+17)8.
5. SearCieT sworad Sevsebuli cxrili.
a)
b)
x5+2
x5+2
g)
x5+2
10
52
10
52
10
73
73
23
32
d)
x5+2
52
10
52
37
37
32
23
6. daCis xelfasi ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi TveSi 540 lari iyo, Semdegi 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi
ki _ TveSi x lari. gamosaxeT daCis mier am 5 TveSi miRebuli Tanxa cvladiani gamosaxulebiT.
a) 540+x
b) 2540+x
g) 2540+5x
d) 2540+3x.
7. samkuTxedis erTi gverdis sigrZea x sm, meore gverdi pirvelis gaorkecebulze 3 smiT grZelia, xolo mesame 1 sm-iT moklea meoreze.
a) warmoadgineT am samkuTxedis perimetri cvladiani gamosaxulebis saxiT;
b) ipoveT am samkuTxedis perimetri, roca x=5.
8. telefonis gadasaxadi Sedgeba saabonento da wuTobrivi gadasaxadebisgan. vTqvaT,
saabonentoa _ TveSi 7 lari, wuTobrivi _ 1 wuTian saubarSi 2 TeTri.
ra Tanxa unda gadaixados ojaxma zafxulis ganmavlobaSi telefoniT sargeblobaSi, Tu
saubrebis saerTo xangrZlivoba 472 wuTia?
1
g
2
d
3
a
4
b
5
g
6
d
7. a) x+(2x+3)+(2x+2), anu 5x+5;

b) 5x+5=25+5=30 (sm).
8. 3700+4722=2100+944=3044 (TeTri).
pasuxi: 3044 TeTri, anu 30 lari da 44 TeTri.
69
Sefasebis sqema
testuri tipis amocanebi _ TiToeuli swori pasuxi Sefasdes 1 quliT.
me-7 da me-8 amocanebidan TiToeuli SeiZleba Sefasdes maqsimum 2 quliT. es amocanebi
SeiZleba Sefasdes TiTo quliTac (maTSi xarvezebis arsebobisas). magaliTad, me-7 amocanis
mxolod pirveli davalebis Sesrulebisas daiwereba 1 qula.
Sefasebis gamocxadebamde SeecadeT sajarod ganixiloT yvela amocana da daavaloT
moswavleebs Tavad daasaxelon maTi savaraudo Sefasebebi. moswavleTa aseTi aqtivobis
mravalmxriv mniSvnelobaze Cven araerTxel visaubreT analogiuri wesebis mimoxilvisas.
yuradRebiT ganixileT moswavleTa kritikuli mosazrebebic, maTi ganxilvisas moswavlem
unda miiRos obieqturi argumentebi, mowodebuli uaRresad koreqtuli formiT.
13. amocanebis amoxsna ricxviTi an asoiTi gamosaxulebis SedgeniT

mizani. moswavlem arsebuli informaciisa da situaciis adeqvaturad Seadginos ricxviTi
da cvladiani gamosaxulebebi; teqsturi amocanebis amoxsnisas mosaxerxeblad SemoiRos
cvladi, Seadginos da amoxsnas gantoleba, moaxerxos gantolebis amonaxsnis interpretacia.
am aqtivobiT mniSvnelovnad
gaiRrmavos codna da unarebi maTematikuri modelirebis
sawyisebSi.
am paragrafis damuSavebisas sasurvelia gaiTvaliswinoT ramdenime mniSvnelovani momenti:
vidre moswavle daiwyebdes amocanis amoxsnas, darwmundiT, rom man sworad gaigo piroba
_ amis gakeTeba miznobrivi kiTxvebiT SeiZleba; ricxviTi an cvladiani gamosaxulebis
Sedgenis procesSi moiTxoveT sityvieri komentarebi _ moswavlem aucileblad unda axsnas
ariTmetikuli gamosaxulebebis praqtikuli Sinaarsi; magaliTad, Tu erTi puris fasi 70
TeTria da nayidia 8 puri, maSin gamosaxuleba 870 warmogvidgens 8 puris saerTo Rirebulebas;
mravalgvari amocanebis amoxsnisa da ganxilvis kvalobaze moswavleebi darwmundebian, rom
erTi da imave amocanis amoxsna sxvadasxva gamosaxulebis saSualebiT SeiZleba; am faqtis
demonstrirebisas SeiZleba gamoiyenoT Sekrebisa da gamravlebis gadanacvlebadobis,
jufTebadobisa da Sekrebis mimarT gamravlebis ganrigebadobis kanonebi; ricxviTi
gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobis an gantolebis fesvis povnis Semdeg aucilebelia miRebuli
pasuxis kritikuli analizi. magaliTad, Tu veZebT adamianTa odenobas, maSin dauSvebelia,
rom pasuxi ar iyos mTeli.
savarjiSoebi isea SerCeuli, rom gagiadgvildebaT zemoT CamoTvlil momentebze
moswavleTa yuradRebis gamaxvileba da Sesabamisi Cvevebis gamomuSavebis xelSewyoba.
zogierTi amocanis amoxsnisas sasurvelia Sesaferisi sqemis gamoyeneba; magaliTad:
12
13
70
240(120+40)=80 (km)
1150137=1013 (km).
14
1135+(1135645)=1625 (km).

gantolebis gamoyenebiT amocanebis amoxsnisas mniSvnelovania xelsayreli
sididisa, romlis mimarTac SeadgenT gantolebas.
SerCeva im
17 x-iT aRvniSnoT alublis wvenis odenoba (kovzebiT). wylis odenoba 4-jer metia, anu
4x-ia, Taflia x. pirobiT, sruli odenoba 18-ia.; amitom x+4x+x=18, 6x=18, x=3 _ saWiroa 3
kovzi wveni.
22 da 23 amocanebis amoxsnisas SeiZleba moswavleebi wyvilebad, an ufro mravalricxovan

jgufebad dayoT da TiToeul jgufSi gaanawiloT (an TviTon gainawilon) amocanebis amoxsnis
sxvadasxva xerxi. Semdeg imsjeleT ama Tu im xerxis upiratesobaze.
22
I xerxi:

II xerxi:

an
1 m 50 sm + 50 sm + 25 sm=2m 25 sm.
(x50)25=150, x50=175, x=225 (sm)
x(50+25)=150, x75=150, x=225 (sm).
23

I xerxi: gamoviyenoT ùkusvlis~ meTodi

3516+95+8=31.

II xerxi:
x8+59+16=35, x=31.
amocanebi jgufuri muSaobisTvis
am amocanebze samuSaod moswavleebi SeiZleba dayoT wyvilebad _ es gazrdis maTi
saqmianobis efeqtianobas, Tqven ki kidev erTxel mogecemaT SesaZlebloba daakvirdeT
TiToeuli moswavlis msjelobas, sakuTari poziciis dacvasa, Tu mis mimarT kritikulad
ganwyobil oponentTan dialogis warmarTvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis process, moaxdinoT
reagireba SeniSnul xarvezebze, daxvewoT jgufuri muSaobis formebi.
1 10, 20, 30, 40, ...
10n, n Rebulobs mniSvnelobebs: 1; 2; 3; 4; ...

pirveli ricxvia 10, yoveli Semdegi wina ricxvze 10-iT metia
+10
+10
+10
10 --- 20 --- 30 --- 40 ---
50, 60, 70.
2 a) 100, 200, 300, 400, ...

+100
+100
+100
+100
100 ------ 200 ------ 300 ------ 400 ------

500, 600, 700.
b) 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, ...

+1000
+1000
+1000
+1000
1000 ------ 2000 ------ 3000 ------ 4000 ------

5000, 6000, 7000.
71
3 pedagogebi iolad aRmoaCenT, rom samive SemTxvevaSi mocemulia ariTmetikuli

progresia. TqvenTvis (mxolod TqvenTvis da ara moswavleebisTvis) warmovadgenT:
a1=10, an+1=an+10, nN, amrigad, an=a1+10(n-1), nN, anu an=10n, nN;
a1=100, an+1=an+100, nN, an=100n, nN.
a1=1000, an+1=an+1000, nN, an=1000n, nN.
moswavleebs es davaleba (saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi) Tqven SeiZleba ase daukonkretoT:
mimdevrobis wevri, romlis rigiTi nomeria x, rogor CavweroT x-isa da pirveli ricxvis
saSualebiT? mosalodneli pasuxebia:
10x, 100x, 1000x. klasma unda Seamowmos es savaraudo pasuxebi.
me-5 klaselTa maTematikuri momzadebis done savsebiT sakmarisia am saxaliso fokusis
asaxsnelad.
vTqvaT, Cafiqrebuli ricxvia m. maSin davwerT

m, m, m
Semdegi moqmedebiT vRebulobT:

m6, m+12,
m6

m6, m+12(m6), m6
anu
m6, 18,
m6
amrigad, nebismieri (6-ze meti) Cafiqrebuli ricxvis SemTxvevaSi Sua ricxvi aRmoCndeba
18-is toli (anu Cafiqrebul ricxvze 3-jer meti). Tu TqvenTvis cnobili gaxdeba (18+m)-is
mniSvneloba, maSin Tqven m-sac martivad miagnebT.
Tu 6-s SecvliT 9-iT, maSin Sua ricxvi 27-is toli gaxdeba da, cxadia, am SemTxvevaSic
martivad miagnebT Cafiqrebul ricxvs.
14. xarisxi. ricxvebis Caweris sxvadasxva wesi

mizani. ricxvis naturaluri xarisxis gacnoba da misi damkvidreba moswavleTa CanawerebSi.
ricxvTa aTobiTi poziciuri sistemis ganxilvis gafarToeba, romauli da egvipturi sistemis
ganxilva. yvela am sistemis Sedareba da aTobiTi sistemis upiratesobaTa dadgena.
naturaluri ricxvis gaSlili formiT Cawerisas moswavlem aiTvisos 10-is xarisxis
gamoyeneba. jgufuri muSaobiT gaecnos naSTTa ariTmetikis elementebs.
gakveTils viwyebT ricxvis Tavis Tavze ramdenjerme gamravlebisas xarisxis gamoyenebis
magaliTebiT. ricxvis meore da mesame xarisxebs `ricxvTa kvadratsa~ da `ricxvis kubs~
ecnobian kvadratis farTobisa da kubis moculobis faqtobrivi dasaxelebis gareSe.
ixseneben ricxvis Caweras gaSlili formiT da am CanawerebSi iyeneben 10-is xarisxebs.
paragrafis teqstis me-2 punqtSi yuradRebas vamaxvilebT ricxvis Caweris poziciur
aTobiT sistemaze. moswavleebs SeiZleba SevTavazoT iseTi ricxvebis gaSlili formiT
_ 10-is xarisxebis daxmarebiT Cawera, romlebSic cifri meordeba; magaliTad,
55555=5104+5103+5102+510+5. maTze dakvirvebiT moswavleebi Seecdebian kidev erTxel axsnan
ricxvis Caweris am wesis saxelwodeba: poziciuri _ radgan yoveli cifris mniSvneloba
CanawerebSi am cifris adgilze (poziciaze) aris damokidebuli; aTobiTi _ viyenebT 10
cifrs, ricxvis mniSvnelobas gamovsaxavT 10-is xarisxebiT; yoveli Semdegi (ufro maRali)
Tanrigis erTeuli 10-jer metia wina Tanrigis erTeulze.
ricxvebis Caweris am wesis gacnobis paralelurad
moswavle interesiT ganixilavs
ricxvebis Caweris sxva wesebsac. saxelmZRvaneloSi SemoTavazebulia ricxvebis Cawera
72
romauli cifrebiT _ romauli wesi, moswavleebi iwafebian romaulad Cawerili ricxvebis

wakiTxvaSi da aTobiT sistemaSi Cawerili ricxvebis romaulad gadaweraSi.
magaliTad,
XXXV=35, CD=500-100=400, LXV=50+10+5=65, 86=LXXXVI,

=10000+10000=20000 da sxva.
ricxvebis Caweris am or wess Soris gansxvaveba da romelimes upiratesobaTa moZieba
msjelobis sagani unda gaxdes. magaliTad, aTobiTi sistemis upiratesobaa, rom ricxvi 86is CanawerSi aTobiT sistemaSi ori simbolo gamoiyeneba, romaulSi _ 6, egvipturSi _ 14;
aTobiTi Canaweri gviCvenebs ricxvis erTeulebis odenobas, romaulSi ki ricxviT gamosaxuli
erTeulebis odenobis dasadgenad gamoTvlebia saWiro. magaliTad, LXXXVI=50+30+6=86;
poziciur sistemaSi mniSvnelovania cifri 0-is gamoyeneba; aTobiT sistemaSi nebismieri
ricxvi Caiwereba mxolod aTi cifris gamoyenebiT. romauli sistemis sirTuleebi matulobs
didi ricxvebis Cawerisas.
sasurvelia moswavleebma am da sxva gansxvavebebze Tavad imsjelon da maswavlebelma
mxolod mniSvnelovan momentebze gaamaxvilos maTi yuradReba.
analogiurad SeiZleba SeadaroT ricxvis Caweris aTobiTi poziciuri sistema egvipturs,
romelic paragrafis bolosaa warmodgenili.
rubrikaSi `sxvadasxva~ warmodgenilia cifrebis nacvlad asoebis gamoyenebis zogierTi
magaliTi.
am paragrafis Seswavlis Semdeg SeiZleba moswavles gauCndes saqarTveloSi an sxva
romelime qveyanaSi Zvelad ricxvebis Caweris wesebis ufro dawvrilebiT Seswavlis survili,
SeiZleba gamoiyenoT internetis SesaZleblobebi. magaliTad, http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/ qarTuli
_ damwerloba.
sxvadasxva sistemaSi ricxvebis Cawerasa da wakiTxvaSi gawafvas emsaxureba savarjiSoebi 11
- 22 (klasSi). me-16 savarjiSoSi moswavle jer egvipturi sistemiT daweril ricxvs gadawers
aTobiTU sistemaSi gaSlili formiT, Semdeg 10-is xarisxis gamoyenebiT: 4100+210+4=4102+210+4.
(swori pasuxia d)
25 amocanis amoxsnisas moswavle TiToeul Tanamamravls Tu Cawers namravlis saxiT,

miiRebs: 5555555=57. aq ar igulisxmeba xarisxis Tvisebis (anam=an+m) gamoyeneba, romelsac
moswavleebi maRal klasebSi gaecnobian.
analogiurad amoixsneba 33 amocana; masze muSaobisas SeiZleba zogierTma moswavlem
Tanamamravlebis Camoweris gareSe SeZlos maTi odenobis dadgena. magaliTad, 1015108 _
msjelobs: 10 aviRoT Tanamamravlad 15-jer, Semdeg
8-jer, miiReba: 10 Tanamamravlad
23
aRebulia 23-jer _ 10 . SeiZleba romelime moswavlem ganazogados miRebuli Sedegi da
is sityvieradac Camoayalibos. am aqtivobis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi moswavle xdeba
erTnairfuZiani xarisxebis Tvisebis àRmomCeni~ _ rac SeiZleba Sefasdes, rogorc am asakis
moswavlis azrovnebis umaRlesi donis dadgenis erT-erTi kriteriumis dakmayofileba.
jgufuri muSaoba `bolo cifris cxrili~

mizani. moswavle gaiwafos ricxvis xarisxis gamoTvlaSi, kanonzomierebis aRmoCenaSi,
samuSaos Sesrulebis strategiis dadgenasa da swrafad ganxorcielebaSi; Sesrulebuli
samuSaos SefasebaSi, anu SeZlos aRmoCenili kanonzomierebis ganzogadeba, gamoyeneba
amocanebis amoxsnisas.
moswavleebs cxrilis Sevsebamde vTavazobT daasaxelon ramdenime magaliTi: 34-is aTobiTi
Canaweris bolo cifria 1 (34=81), 83-is bolo cifria 2 (83=512). rodesac darwmundebiT, rom
klasi gaerkva davalebis SinaarsSi, jgufebad gaerTianebul moswavleebs vTavazobT cxrilis
73
Sevsebas. muSaobas SeiZleba mivceT Sejibris saxe. jgufis muSaobis Sefasebisas gaiTvaliswineT
samuSaos Sesrulebis dro da xarisxi. magaliTad, yoveli Secdoma TiTo sajarimo quliT
SeafaseT. daakvirdiT jgufebis muSaobis process. savaraudoa, rom garkveuli drois
Semdeg ramdenime striqonis Sevsebis Semdeg, moswavleebi aRar Seasruleben gamravlebas
srulad da yoveli momdevno striqonis Sesavsebad gamoiyeneben wina striqonis monacemebs _
gamoimuSaveben cxrilis Sedgenis strategias.
xarisxis maCvenebeli
bolo cifri
Sevsebuli cxrilis sisworis Semowmebisa da Sedegebis sajaro gamocxadebis Semdeg

vTxovT jgufebs, an calkeul moswavleebs daasaxelon SemCneuli kanonzomierebebi yoveli
ricxvis xarisxis bolo cifrebis monacvleobis Sesaxeb. isini metad mniSvnelovan Sedegebs
miiReben: 0, 1, 5 da 6-is xarisxebis bolo cifrebi ucvlelia, danarCeni ricxvebis xarisxebis
aTobiTi Canaweris bolo cifrebi ki periodulad meordeba. magaliTad, 4 da 9-is _ yoveli
oris Semdeg, 2, 3, 7 da 8-is _ yoveli oTxis Semdeg. aRsaniSnavia, rom 4 da 9 aris 2-isa da
3-is kvadratebi, sayuradReboa 2-is da 4-is, 3-isa da 9-is striqonebis Sedareba.
am kanonzomierebis ganxilvis Semdeg jgufebs vTavazobT aqtivobis gafarToebas _ ipoveT
magaliTad, 411, 910, 325, 731, 9131-is bolo cifrebi.
aqtivobis gafarToeba SeiZleba ganvaxorcieloT mocemul striqonSi warmodgenili
cifrebiT daboloebuli ricxvebis xarisxebze dakvirvebiTac. magaliTad, 23-is, 73-is, 253is xarisxebi bolovdeba imave cifrebiT, rac 3-is xarisxebi. jgufebs vTavazobT, daadginon,
magaliTad, 235-is, 7311-is, 12586-is bolo cifrebi.
moisazre
1 a) 4=22, b) 1=12, g) 27=33, d) 256=44.

2 a) 62=36, 26=64, 26>62.

b) ar aris aucilebeli orive xarisxis gamoTvla:

49=161616169. es namravli ki metia 94-ze.

miviReT: 49>94.
am amocanis amoxsnisas moswavleebma SeiZleba kalkulatori gamoiyenon. zogierT
kalkulatorze xarisxis gamoTvlis wesi rubrika `sxvadasxvaSia~ aRwerili. amjerad
sasurvelia Sedareba kalkulatoris gamoyenebis gareSe Sesruldes.
74
3 orniSna ricxvebSi cifri 0 gvxvdeba mxolod erTeulebis TanrigSi 9-jer (10, 20, ...,
90) da ricxv 100-Si 2-jer. sul 11-jer.
cifri 1 erTeulebis TanrigSi gvxvdeba 10-jer, aTeulebis TanrigSi 10-jer, aseulebis
TanrigSi erTxel, sul 21-jer.
4
analogiuri moqmedebebi SeiZleba jer

magaliTad,

32:3=3, 52:5=5, ...
pasuxi:
48200636172:4820063617=4820063617.
aTniSna
ricxvebze
SevasrulebinoT.
5 da 6 amocanebSi viyenebT jgufuri muSaobisas Sevsebul cxrils: 1-iT bolovdeba

mxolod 1-iT daboloebuli ricxvis kubi; 4-iT bolovdeba 2-iT an 8-iT daboloebuli
ricxvebis kvadratebi, 2-iT daboloebuli ricxvebis kvadratebi. 2-iT daboloebuli ricxvis
kubi bolovdeba 8-iT. 8-iT daboloebuli ricxvis kubi bolovdeba
2-iT an 8-iT.
2-iT,
6 -is pasuxia: d)
sakontrolo wera ##3

amocanebis amoxsna ricxviTi an asoiTi gamosaxulebebis SedgeniT.
xarisxi, ricxvebis Caweris sxvadasxva wesi.
1. Tu sami Sesakrebis jamia 682 000, amasTanave, pirveli da meore Sesakrebebis jamia
540 900, maSin mesame Sesakrebis povna SegviZlia Semdegi gamosaxulebiT:
a) 682000+540900
b) 6820002540900
g) 682000540900
d) 2(682000540900).
2. SearCieT (2x+4):3=12 gantolebis fesvi.
a) 16
b) 36
g) 32
d) 20.
3. sawyobidan pirveli 5 dRis ganmavlobaSi dReSi 8 tona fqvili gahqondaT, Semdegi

5 dRis ganmavlobaSi ki _ dReSi 7 tona fqvili. ramdeni tona fqvili gautaniaT am sawyobidan
aTive dRis ganmavlobaSi? SeadgineT ricxviTi gamosaxuleba.
a) 10(8+7)
b) 58+57
g) 10(5+8+7)
d) 105+87.
4. vTqvaT, mocemuli kubis gverdis sigrZea 5 erTeuli. ramdeni mcire kubisgan (gverdis
sigrZe 1 erTeulia) Sedgeba mocemuli kubi?
a) 25
b) 10
g) 125
d) 20.
5. saklebi 52-iT aRemateba sxvaobas da 15-iT metia maklebze. saklebis sapovnelad
SeiZleba SevadginoT ricxviTi gamosaxuleba:
a) 5215
b) 5215
g) 52+15
d) 52215.
6. 6263=
a) (23)6
b) 66
g) 222222666
d) 65.
7. marTkuTxedis AB gverdi 18 sm-iT moklea BC gverdze. ipoveT es

gverdebi, Tu markuTxedis perimetria 96 sm.
75
8. ipoveT gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba:

a) 92:3+(106)35=
b) (8272)10:(52+25)=
SegaxsenebT, rom sasurvelia gqondeT sakontrolo weris ramdenime varianti, maT SedgenaSi
Cvens mier SemoTavazebuli amocanebi dagexmarebaT.
1
g
2
a
3
b
4
g
5
g
6
d
x+18
7. 2(x+18+x)=96

x=15 (sm),

x+18=33 (sm)
8. a) 92:3+(106)35=81:3+435=27+320=347

b) (8272)10:(52+25)=(6449)10:(25+25)=1510:50=150:50=3.
Sefasebis sqema
me-7 amocanis Sefasebisas, Tu sworadaa Sedgenili gantoleba, vwerT 1 qulas, gantolebis
sworad amoxsnis SemTxvevaSi kidev erT qulas.
me-8 amocanis TiToeuli davalebis umaRles Sefasebad SeiZleba miiCnioT 1 qula.
SeiZleba Sefasebis ufro moqnili sistemac airCioT. Tu moswavle avlens xarisxis codnas,
magram daudevrobis gamo ver iRebs swor pasuxebs, SeiZleba es amoxsna SeafasoT 1 quliT.
Tumca aqve saTanado komentari daurToT Tqvens gadawyvetilebas da mouwodoT moswavles
izrunos xarvezebis gamosasworeblad. moismineT Tavad moswavlis komentarebic _ daSvebuli
Secdomebis mizezebis axsna.
15. amocanebis amoxsnis sxvadasxva xerxi

Temis Seswavlas viwyebT amocanebis amoxsnis ramdenime xerxis gaxsenebiT. magaliTad,
ricxviTi gamosaxulebis Sedgenis xerxiT rogor amovxsnaT amocana: nikas xelfasi 360 laria,
rac 25 lariT metia sandros xelfasze. ramden lars Seadgens orives xelfasi?
Semdeg SevTavazoT paragrafis pirvel punqtSi ganxiluli amocanis amoxsnis ori xerxi:
suraTebis SesaZlo wyvilebis Camoweris (1,2; 1,3; 1,4; 1,5; 1,6; 1,7; 2,3; 2,4; 2,5; 2,6; 3,4; 3,5; 3,6;
4,5; 4,6 da 5,6) da gamravlebis (56:2). me-2 punqtSi SemoTavazebuli amocanis amoxsnisas xisebri
diagramaa gamoyenebuli. saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenil suraTze Cans, rom ori totidan
TiToeuli oTxi totiT bolovdeba, e. i. sul aris SerCevis 24=8 varianti. me-3 punqtSi
SemoTavazebulia amocanis amoxsnis sinjvis xerxi, SeiZleba cxriliTac visargebloT.
76
swori pasuxebis
odenoba
araswori
pasuxebis odenoba
qulebis odenoba
15
150 _ metia
12
1209=111 _ metia
10
10015=85 _ metia
9018=72 _ tolia
SeiZleba moswavle mixvdes, rom sworad amoxsnilTa svetidan arasworad amoxsnilTa

svetSi yoveli amocanis gadmotanisas mopovebul qulebs akldeba 13 qula. 72 qulis misaRebad
150 qulas unda gamoakldes 78=613 qula, e. i. sworad amoxsna 156=9 amocana.
paragrafSi SemoTavazebuli amocanebis amoxsnisas, saklaso da saSinao savarjiSoebis
Sesrulebis Semdeg moswavle gaiwafeba ara marto TiToeuli xerxiT amocanebis amoxsnaSi,
aramed amoxsnis xerxis/strategiis dadgenasa da mis ganxorcielebaSi.
klasSi
I gza. TuU monawileebs gadavnomravT, miviRebT wyvilebs (1,2; 1,3; 1,4; 1,5; 1,6; 1,7;
2,3; 2,4; 2,5; 2,6; 3,4; 3,5; 3,6; 4,5; 4,6; 5,6) _ 15 partia.
II gza. TiToeuli monawile TamaSobs 5 partias _ 56.
magram aseTi daTvlisas yoveli partia orjer viangariSeT, amitom partiaTa odenobaa

56:2=15.
2 Tu am amocanis amoxsnisas isev gadavnomravT monawileebs, rogorc wina amocanaSi,

maSin yoveli wyvili orjer unda davasaxeloT (radgan gundebi or-orjer xvdebian erTmaneTs)
_ 76. pasuxi: 42.
3
gundebis (109):2=45 wyvilidan yoveli wyvili 4 Sexvedras atarebs. pasuxia 454=180.
saxelmZRvaneloSi SemoTavazebulia ori gza: I _ sameulebis daTvla: mds, msd, dms,

dsm, smd da sdm _ aseTi sameuli 6-ia. momavalSi moswavleebi iswavlian, rom es aris 3
elementis gadanacvlebaTa odenoba, romelic gamoiTvleba P3=3! formuliT (Pn=12n=n! _
n elementis gadanacvlebaTa odenobaa).
II _ xisebri diagrama, romlis saSualebiT moswavle variantebis daTvlis gamravlebis
wesSi gaiwafeba _ 3 totidan TiToeuls gamoeba 2, miRebuli 32=6 totidan TiToeuls
gamoeba 1. pasuxi: 321=6.
da 6 amocanebi me- 4 -s analogiuria, sadac s, m da d asoebi Secvlilia 3, 4 da 5

cifrebiT an ferebiT. pasuxi: 321=6.
34=12.
sami sportsmenidan TiToeuli farikaobs 3-jer, sul _ 33=9.

SeiZleba sqemac gamoiyenon. magaliTad, mofarikaveebi wertilebiT gamo
vsaxoT da daviTvaloT wertilTa damakavSirebeli wirebi. aseTi wiria 9.
9 I dRes morigis SerCevis 3 variantia, yoveli SerCeuli morigisTvis II dRes 2

variantia, I-II dRes yoveli wyvilisTvis III dRes aris darCenili 1 varianti, sul 321=6.
10 sinjvis meTodiT
mwvane
cisferi
wiTeli
207 _ ar akmayofilebs pirobas
12
2014 _ akmayofilebs pirobas
18
SeuZlebelia
pasuxi: 6.
11 aTaseulebis TanrigSi mxolod 1 SeiZleba eweros; aseulebis, aTeulebis da erTeulebis

TanrigebSi cifrebis SerCevis or-ori variantia.
pasuxi: 1222=8.
77
12
erT jibeSi SeiZleba CavidoT sami monetidan erTi romelime (3 varianti), sami
monetidan ori romelime (3 varianti), samive moneta (1 varianti), an arc erTi (1 varianti).
sul 3+3+1+1=8 varianti.
pedagogebs SevaxsenebT amoxsnis kidev erT xerxs: erT-erT (SerCeul) jibeSi 5-TeTrians
an CavidebT, an ara (gvaqvs 2 SemTxveva). TiToeuli SemTxvevaSi 10-TeTrians an CavidebT amave
jibeSi an ara (sul 4 SemTxveva). am oTxi SemTxvevisas mesame monetasac an CavidebT an ara
(sul 8 SemTxveva).
13
SeiZleba amoixsnas ricxviTi gamosaxulebis SedgeniT. es ricxvebia 90:31=30 da
90:32=60.
SeiZleba saZiebeli ricxvebi xiTa da 2x-iT aRvniSnoT, miviRebT x+2x=90, saidanac x=30.
pasuxi: 30 da 60.
15 ricxviTi gamosaxulebis SedgeniT: erT saaTSi zeinklebi erTad amzadeben 19+17=36

detals, samuSaos daasruleben 144:36=4 sT-Si.
gantolebis SedgeniT: vTqvaT, samuSaos dasrulebas x sT sWirdeba, maSin 17x+19x=144,
saidanac x=4 (sT).
16 SeiZleba suraTi gamoviyenoT:

35:7=5 (sm), BC=10 sm.
gantolebis SedgeniT: AB-s sigrZe aRvniSnoT x-iT, maSin BC=2x, CD=4x. miviRebT gan
tolebas

x+2x+4x=35, saidanac x=5.
pasuxi: BC=10 sm.
saSinao
aTeulebis Tanrigis 5 variantidan (1, 3, 5, 7 an 9) yovelisTvis erTeulebis TanrigSi

5 variantia. pasuxi: 55=25.
5
aTeulebis Tanrigis 4 variantidan yovelisTvis erTeulebis TanrigSi 3 varianti

arsebobs, pasuxi: 43=12.
6
aseulebis Tanrigis 3 variantidan yovelisTvis aTeulebis TanrigSi 3 variantia

(33=9), miRebuli 9 variantidan yovelisTvis erTeulebis TanrigSic 3 variantia. pasuxi:
33=27.
7
Camoayalibon 5 -is analogiuri amocana: ramdenia im samniSna ricxvebis odenoba,

romlebic Caiwereba 1, 3, 5, 7 cifrebiT da cifrebi ar meordeba. pasuxi: 432=24.
8
bebia SviliSvilze 44 wliT ufrosia.

I gza. SviliSvilis wlovaneba im momentisTvis, roca bebiis asakze 5-jer naklebia x-iT
aRvniSnoT, bebiis _ 5x-iT. pirobiT, 5xx=44, saidanac x=11. e. i. dasaxelebuli momentisTvis
SviliSvili 11 wlis iyo _ 4 wlis win. SeiZleba sqemac gamoviyenoT:
SviliSvili
bebia
suraTidan Cans, rom am dros SviliSvili 11 wlisaa. es sqema gantolebis Sedgenis tolfasia.
78
SevniSnoT, rom gantolebis Sedgenis gziT am amocanis amoxsnisas ufro bunebrivi iqneboda
x-iT aRgveniSna saZiebeli ricxvi. maSin miviRebdiT gantolebas: 5(15x)=59x, romlis amoxsna
problemebs Seuqmnida me-5 klaselebs. am mosazrebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT avirCieT zemoT
warmodgenili gza. cxadia, moswavleTaTvis ufro martivi iqneba _
II gza. sinjvis meTodi. SevadginoT wlovanebis cxrili,
bebia
SviliSvili
59
15 ar akmayofilebs
58
14 `-------------------~
57
13 `-------------------~
56
12 `-------------------~
55
11 akmayofilebs
SeiZleba moswavlem pirdapir 55-is mosinjviT daiwyos, radgan bebiis asaki 5-ze unda
iyofodes.
9
I gza. sinjvis xerxi.

indauri
cxvari
fexebi
10
10
60
11
62
12
64
cotaa, e. i. cxvrebis
raodenoba unda
gavzardoT.
pasuxi: 8 indauri, 12 cxvari.

II gza. oci Tavidan TiToeuls `CamovurigoT~ or-ori fexi. darCa 24 fexi. `davumatoT~
Tavebs or-ori fexi _ 12 Tavi `gaxdeba oTxfexa~. miviRebT _ 12 cxvaria da 8 indauri.
III gza. gantolebis SedgeniT: cxvari _ x, indauri _ (20x).

4x+2(20x)=64

4x+402x=64,

2x+40=64

2x=6440

2x=24

x=12.
pasuxi: cxvari 12, indauri 8.
10
I varianti
II varianti
I gakv.
maTematika
istoria
II gakv.
qarTuli
maTematika
III gakv.
istoria
qarTuli
cxrilis Sevseba SeiZleba maTematikiT daviwyoT. Tu mas I gakveTils davuTmobT, maSin

danarCeni sagnebisTvis erTaderTi arCevani rCeba. analogiuri Sedegi miiReba maSinac, roca
maTematikas II gakveTils davuTmobT.
79
11
(87):2=28.
12
variantebis odenobaa 321=6.
13
321.
es amocana saSinao davalebisTvis sagangebodaa gankuTvnili, raTa moswavlem

17
auCqareblad sinjvis meTodiT, sxvadasxva variantis ganxilvisas miRebuli gamocdilebiT
SeZlos sasurveli sameulebis povna. is aRmoaCens, rom aseTi sameuli erTaderTia _ 1; 2; 3.
18 gantolebis SedgeniT: I ricxvi _ x, II _ 2x, III _ 4x. pirobiT, x+2x+4x=777, x=111.
pasuxi: 111, 222 da 444.
19 umjobesia x-iT aRvniSnoT yvelaze mcire _ I ricxvi, maSin II masze orjer metia _
2x, III metia 2x-ze orjer _ 4x. miviRebT: x+2x+4x=111 111, saidanac x=15873.
pasuxi: 15873, 31746, 63492.
20 gantolebis SedgeniT: es ricxvebi aRvniSnoT xiTa da x+20-iT. pirobiT, x+x+20=140,
2x=120, x=60.
pasuxi: 60 da 80.
ricxviTi gamosaxulebis SedgeniT: am ricxvebidan umciresia (14020):2.
80

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guram gogiSvili, Teimuraz vefxvaZe

ia mebonia, lamara qurCiSvili

guram gogiSvili, Teimuraz vefxvaZe,

Guram Gogishvili, Teimuraz Vepkhvadze,

dro. drois erTeulebi................................................................................................................130

4. amovxsnaT amocanebi. movipovoT da SeviswavloT monacemebi.

monacemTa Segrovebis sxvadasxva xerxi..................................................................................172

(gamovyoT optimaluri gzebi). moswavleebs warvudginoT Sefasebis kriteriumi. amis

davalebebi iseTi TanamimdevrobiTaa warmodgenili, rom martividan rTulisken iyos

V klasi, wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi:

wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi da maTi indikatorebi

iyenebs axal ricxviT saxelebs, poziciur sistemas da axdens naturaluri

adarebs or wilads, maT Soris wiladis ZiriTadi Tvisebis gamoyenebiT.

amocanis konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT irCevs da iyenebs naturalur ricxvebze

mimarTuleba: kanonzomierebebi da algebra

erTi cvladis Semcvel mocemul asoiT gamosaxulebaSi, sxvadasxva ricxvebis CasmiT

Seadgens da amartivebs algebrul gamosaxulebas maTematikuri amocanis

mimarTuleba: geometria da sivrcis aRqma

sivrculi figuris modelze uTiTebs paralelur da urTierT-TanamkveT waxnagebs,

mimarTuleba: monacemTa analizi, albaToba da statistika

moipovebs dasmuli amocanis amosaxsnelad saWiro Tvisebriv da raodenobriv

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:

ramdenime alternatiuli arCevanis momcveli) da am kiTxvebis saSualebiT moipovebs

warmoadgens Tvisebriv da raodenobriv monacemebs dasmuli amocanis

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:

Sinaarsisa da miznebis ruka

miznebi: Sinaarsis gardaqmna

milionamde naturaluri ricxvebis

amocanebis konteqstis mixedviT

mdebareobis aRwera simboloTa

realuri viTarebis aRwerisas

xarisxi. xarisxis gamoyeneba

xarisxis gamoyeneba poziciuri

mocemuli erTniSna da orniSna

wrewirTan dakavSirebuli terminebis

wiladebis wakiTxva da Cawera, wiladis

wiladebis toloba, wiladis

wiladebis Sedarebisas sxvadasxva

wiladebis jamis Sefaseba.

erTnairi mniSvnelis mqone

sigrZis erTeulebis erTmaneTTan

kuTxe. kuTxeebis Sedareba.

kuTxeeebis Sedareba da klasifikacia

wrewiri, wre da maTi

wiladi, rogorc mTelis

sivrculi figurebis waxnagebis

monacemTa warmodgenis sxvadasxva

saswavlo masalis wardgenis fazebi da

Tezi, Sefaseba) amoqmedebasTan aris dakavSirebuli. nimuSis mixedviT davalebebis Sesrulebis

ilustraciebis gamoyenebaze sagnobrivi standartebis Sedegebis misaRwevad. sworia, roca

Sefasebis zogadi principebi

gameoreba. milionze meti ricxvebi

1. gavixsenoT naturaluri ricxvebis wakiTxvisa da Caweris wesebi

1 - 6 ), man unda gaixsenos Tanrigebis klasebad gaerTianebis

principi, klasebSi Semavali Tanrigebis saxelwodeba, ricxvebis Cawera gaSlili formiT.

paragrafs axlavs Ria da daxurulboloebiani savarjiSoebi klasSi amosaxsnelad da sa

amocanis amosaxsnelad Semzadeba.

13 amocanaSi erTnairi cifrebis gadanacvleba xdeba, amitom ricxvi ar icvleba.

16 amocanis amoxsnisas, isev rogorc 13 amocanaSi, moswavleebi daaskvnian, rom aTi

aTaseulisa da erTeulis cifrebi tolia. amasTanave, isini 0-isgan gansxvavebulia (ricxvi

1 a) ra feris burTulebi `gvawyobs~? (lurji am mwvane)

wina amocanis amoxsna daexmareba moswavleebs am amocanis gadawyvetaSi. damxmare