THIT K, CH TO TH NGHIM

THUYN CNH NGM CHY BNG SC NGI VIT NAM

ThS. Trn Minh H1, ThS. ng c Cng2,
ThS. ng Vn Phc3
1

Trng i hc ng Nng, 2Trng C ngh Quy Nhn,

3
Trng TH GTVT Hu

TM TT
Thuyn cnh ngm chy bng sc ngi l phng tin rt thch hp cho cc
hot ng th thao, du lch c nhn vi vng sng nc ca nc ta nhng
hu nh vn cha c nghin cu thit k, ch to hoc du nhp vo Vit
Nam. Vi mong mun thit k, ch to loi phng tin phc v nhu cu th
thao, du lch v c th phc v nhu cu i li cho nhn dn cc vng sng
nc. Bi bo ny trnh by kt qu nghin cu thit k, ch to th nghim
thuyn cnh ngm chy bng sc ngi ph hp vi iu kin v con ngi
Vit Nam.
T kha: Thuyn cnh ngm, sc ngi, thit k, ch to
ABSTRACT
Human powered hydrofoil is a very suitable mean for sports activities travel
to waterway area in our country. However, it not yet designed, manufactured
or imported in to Vietnam. Whishing to design and manufacture vehicles
to meet the needs sport, tourism and can accommodate travel need for the
people in the river. This paper presents the results of the design, manufacture
suitable conditions and people of Vietnam.
Keyword: Hydrofoil, human powered, design, manufacture

I. T VN

Vit Nam l mt quc gia thuc nhm 10 nc c mng li sng ngi dy c

nht th gii nn c tim nng trong pht trin kinh t, du lch, giao thng vn ti ng
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thu ni a. Tuy nhin, do c im ca h thng sng ngi Vit Nam l dng chy
quanh co, chiu rng khoang thng thuyn nh, chiu cao tnh khng thp nn mc d bt
li cho cc phng tin giao thng ng thu ni a ni chung nhng li rt thun li
pht trin cc phng tin giao thng ng thu cc nhn phc v cc hot ng th
thao v du lch. V vy, cc cng ty du lch l hnh Vit Nam pht trin loi hnh du
lch sinh thi, du lch khm ph... bng cch s dng loi thuyn Kayak (loi thuyn cho
c mt hoc hai ngi ngi) du lch khm ph cc vng t thng ngun ho lnh.
Hin nay, trn th gii ch to c thuyn Flyak, l loi thuyn Kayak c gn
h thng cnh ngm di y thuyn. Khi ngi cho thuyn Flyak t n mt vn tc
xc nh th lc nng ca cc cnh ngm sc nng ton b thn thuyn n nh ln
khi mt nc ch cn cc cnh ngm l vn cn trong nc. iu ny lm gim sc
cn ca nc, thuyn i nhanh hn v lc cho cng nh hn... Tng t nh thuyn
Flyak nhng thay v s dng mi cho lm ng lc y thuyn i ngi ta thay
th bng chn vt dng sc ngi... Phng tin ny c tn ting Anh l Human powered
hydrofoil, chng ti tm dch l Thuyn cnh ngm chy bng sc ngi.
Cho n hin nay, mc d nhn thy thuyn cnh ngm chy bng sc ngi l
phng tin rt thch hp cho cc hot ng th thao, du lch... i vi vng sng nc
ca nc ta nhng hu nh vn cha c nghin cu thit k, ch to hoc nhp khu.
Mc d l vn phc tp, nhng vi mong mun ch to loi phng tin trc tin
phc v nhu cu th thao, du lch v c th phc v nhu cu i li cho nhn dn cc vng
sng nc, ng thi t c s tip tc nghin cu, pht trin l thuyt v tng bc
ch to c cc loi tu, thuyn cnh ngm phc v cho cc mc ch khc cao v rng
hn, chng ti thc hin ti Nghin cu thit k, ch to th nghim thuyn cnh
ngm chy bng sc ngi - Human powered hydrofoil.
II. PHNG PHP THIT K

Thit k, ch to thuyn cnh ngm chy bng sc ngi trc tin cn nghin cu
thit k, ch to m hnh thuyn v th nghim trong b th thu nhn s liu cn thit
v kch thc hnh dng, khi lng v kt cu h thng cnh ngm. Tuy nhin do vic
m hnh ho khi lng v sc cn i vi thuyn rt phc tp, cng vi vic khng c
b th nghim v cc thit b cn thit thu thp cc s liu t m hnh th nghim nn
chng ti khng chn phng php ch to m hnh m thc hin vic thit k, kt hp
vi vic ch to lun sn phm thc t v iu chnh hon thin dn thuyn trong qu
trnh th nghim.
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III. KT QU NGHIN CU THIT K, CH TO V THO LUN

Thuyn cnh ngm chy bng sc ngi thuc loi thuyn c nhn dng trong cc
hot ng th thao v du lch sng nc vi nhng c im chnh nh sau:
- Cng dng

: thuyn s dng trong th thao v du lch.

- Khu vc hot ng : sng, h, cc m, vnh, ven bin khng c sng.

- Sc ch

: 01 ngi.

- Ngun ng lc : sc p ca ngi vn hnh qua pedan, thn thuyn c

nng ln khi mt nc vi sc p ca mt ngi.
1. V thuyn

V thuyn c thit k trn my tnh bng phn mm AutoShip. Thc hin iu

chnh bin dng v thuyn trn my tnh n khi thu c cc s liu hp l so vi tnh
ton vi iu kin khng thay i lng chim nc. Kt qu cui cng thu c cc
thng s c bn ca v thuyn nh sau:
- Chiu di

L = 3,60 m

- Chiu rng

B = 0,55 m

- Chiu chm

d = 0,13 m

- Lng chim nc D = 0,10 tn

- H s y th tch Cb = 0,39
Thc t, mt s loi thuyn cnh ngm chy bng sc ngi c ch to thnh
cng, thn thuyn c ch to bng vt liu composite si ccbon. y l loi vt liu
c bn cao nhng li kh t tin kh mua v kh ch to. Do iu kin thc t cn
hn ch nn chng ti bt buc phi la chn cc vt liu c th d mua c ti th
trng Vit Nam hin nay thay th loi vt liu trn. Trn c s chng ti la chn
ch to v thuyn lm bng vt liu Composite si thu tinh.
2. H thng cnh

H thng cnh thuyn c thit k c cu hnh Canard (cnh chnh nm pha sau,
trng tm tu nm gn v pha ui tu) v theo dng cnh Aquavion (vi cnh sau l
cnh chnh 85%, cn cnh trc ch 15 % trng lng tu) v thuc h thng cnh
chm trung bnh (h thng Supramar), cnh trc l theo h thng cnh thy lc (h
thng Hydrofin)
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Profile cnh ngang, cnh nghing sau c bin dng NACA 4412 chiu rng b =
150 mm, cnh ngang di 1200 mm, cnh nghing di 790 mm, cnh nghing hp vi
cnh ngang mt gc 450, gc tn cnh sau khi thuyn nm ngang l = 40
Profile cnh trc c bin dng NACA 4412 chiu rng b = 80 mm, chiu di 560
mm, gc tn cnh c h thng iu khin gc tn cnh trc theo mn nc thc.
Cnh trc v cnh sau c ch to bng g thng m 14%.
3. Thanh cnh

Thanh cnh trc cn lm nhim v nh mt bnh li iu khin thuyn,

li va c gn mt thanh y iu khin s thay i ca gc tn cnh trc. Thanh
cnh trc (cnh li) ca thuyn thit k c bin dng cnh NACA 0021, vi b rng
cnh b = 80 mm.
Thanh cnh sau ca thuyn c lm bng vt liu composite si thy tinh.
4. Thanh chn vt

Thanh chn vt c bin dng cnh NACA 0021 vi chiu rng b = 120 mm.
Thanh chn vt hp vi trc dc thn thuyn mt gc 1200.
5. H ng lc

Thuyn cnh ngm chy bng sc ngi chuyn ng nh lc p ca mt ngi

vi tc p trung bnh khong 60 vng/pht, p nhanh t (80 - 100) vng/pht.
n gin, chng ti s dng c cu truyn ng xch ca xe p v qua cc b truyn
tng tc quay chn vt nhm y thuyn t tc ct cnh v bay.
Sc p ngi tc dng ln pedan qua b truyn xch, 02 b truyn bnh rng nn
v trc truyn n chn vt. T s truyn ca h ng lc thuyn l: i = 4,50. Khi ,
nu tc p pedan npd = 80 vng/pht th tc quay chn vt l ncv = 360 (v/ph).
6. H thng li

Thuyn c cnh li t pha trc, h thng li thun gm tay li gn cng vi trc

li s cp, trc li th cp c gc quay ging trc li s cp nh hai si dy cp ni vi
tay n ca hai trc li. Mun thuyn quay v hng no th b tay li v hng .
7. Chn vt

Thit k chn vt theo iu kin chy t do, vi ng knh hn ch v s cnh

Z = 2. Qu trnh tnh ton, thit k chn vt ca thuyn theo th Taylor (M). Chn vt
ca thuyn c cc thng s c th sau:
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ng knh chn vt
T l bc xon
S cnh
T l mt a
Hiu sut chn vt

D = 0,40 m
H/D = 1,4
Z=2
ae = 0,21
p=0,80

Hnh 1. Thuyn cnh ngm chy bng sc ngi sau khi hon thnh
1- Cnh li; 2-Cnh trc; 3- feeler; 4-Phao; 5-Trc li; 6-a y cnh trc;
7 - Sng chnh; 8-V thuyn; 9-B truyn xch; 10-Pedal; 11-Gh ngi; 12-Tay li;
13-Thanh cnh; 14-Cnh nghing; 15-Cnh sau; 16-Thanh chn vt; 17-Chn vt.

Tng trng lng thuyn 40 kg, thuyn c thit k khi bay tc 7 HL/h v
tc ct cnh l 5,5 HL/h.
8. Th nghim

- a im th nghim: m ng a, thnh ph Quy Nhn, tnh Bnh nh

- Thi gian th nghim: t ngy 11/11/2010 n 30/11/2010
- iu kin th nghim: th trong thi tit p, nc tnh, gi nh, khng sng v
trong thi tit xu, tri ma, gi cp 4.
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8.1. Th nghim tnh nng hng hi ca thuyn

- Thuyn ni ng v tr ng nc thit k l 0,13 m.

- Thuyn ni n nh, khng b ngm nc.
- H thng iu khin v h thng truyn ng ca thuyn hot ng kh tt.
- Thn thuyn v h thng cnh chu lc tt, cng vng.
- Thuyn chy an ton tt c cc ch lm vic t chm n nhanh, t chy
thng n quay vng, chy tin hay chy li.
8.2. Th nghim tnh nng ca cnh

H thng iu khin gc tn cnh trc lm vic hiu qu. Tuy nhin trong qu
trnh th nghim, chng ti nhn thy sc ca ngi bnh thng rt kh p pedal
y thuyn n tc thit k 7HL/h m ch c th t 4HL/h. Khi sc ngi p thuyn
vi tc 4HL/h, ch cnh trc nng mi thuyn ln khi mt nc 250 mm, cn h
thng cnh sau vn cha m bo sinh lc nng c th nng thuyn v ngi iu
khin ln khi mt nc (hnh 2).

Hnh 2. Sc ngi p thuyn vi tc 4 HL/h, thuyn vn cha bay c

Trn c s chng ti nhn thy, vi tc trn chc chn thuyn khng th

bay c. cho thuyn c th t c tc thit kt lc ct cnh l 5,5 HL/h
nhm kim tra cc tnh nng ng lc hc ca h thng cc cnh ngm, chng ti s
dng thuyn my ko h tr thuyn cnh ngm chy vi cc tc khc nhau. Qu
trnh th nghim ko thuyn c gii thiu trn cc hnh di y nh sau:

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Hnh 3. Khi ko thuyn tc 4 HL/h

Hnh 4. Khi ko thuyn tc 5 HL/h
Cnh trc nng c mi thuyn ln 250mm Thn thuyn bt u nng ln khi mt nc

Hnh 5. Khi ko thuyn vi tc 6 HL/h Hnh 6. Khi ko thuyn vi tc 6,5 HL/h

Thn thuyn nng ln khi mt nc 150mm Thuyn bay n nh mn nc thit k
-200mm
9. Tho lun

Qua nhiu ln th, chng ti c nhng nhn xt nh sau:

1. Lc p kh nng, ch c th p nc rt vi tc vo khong 30 vng/pht
trong khong 45 giy v thuyn ch chy c tc 4 HL/h.
2. Sc cn thn thuyn v h thng cnh kh ln, nht l hai cnh nghing
3. Chn vt qu su nn khi quay, lc y chn vt v lc cn thn thuyn to ngu
lc lm thuyn c xu hng nng mi ln, ui thuyn b ko xung.
4. Chn vt thuyn c bc xon v bin dng cha ph hp.
5. Trng lng thuyn ln.
6. B tr phn gh ngi ngi iu khin lm cho ngi p thuyn khng c
thoi mi, nhanh b mi nn khng pht huy c ht cng sut p.
V. KT LUN V KHUYN NGH

Mc d khng c tu mu lm c s thit k v cng cha c l thuyt thit k

thuyn cnh ngm c nhn nhng chng ti hon thnh vic thit k v ch to sn
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phm. Tuy vn cn nhiu vn cn hon thin, c v mt l thuyt v sn phm thc

t nhng kt qu th nghim cho thy, thuyn hon ton c th hot ng nh tnh ton.
Qua qu trnh thc hin ti, chng ti rt ra c mt s kt lun cn thit sau :
- Chn c cu hnh thuyn theo cu hnh carnad, kt cu cnh Aquavion; cnh
trc theo h thng thy lc, Profile cnh NACA 4412 ph hp vi loi thuyn cnh
ngm chy bng sc ngi.
- ti l c s pht trin, hon thin l thuyt thit k thuyn cnh ngm
c nhn.
- Ch to c sn phm trn c s tnh ton.
- Qua qu trnh ch to v th nghim sn phm chng ti kim nghim c
qu trnh tnh ton thit k.
- Cng ngh ch to cn hn ch, nhiu b phn ca thuyn cha c thm m,
cn c sai s so vi tnh ton, thit k.
Qua chng ti c nhng khuyn ngh nh sau:
- Ch to v thuyn v h thng cnh bng vt liu compossite si cacbon, ch to
bng cng ngh p chn khng m bo v thuyn bn, cng vng nhng c trng
lng nh.
- H thng truyn ng, h thng iu khin gc tn cnh trc v h thng li tng
cng bng vt liu compsite si cacbon v hp kim nhm

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. N
guyn c n, Nguyn Bn (2005), L thuyt tu thu - tp 2, NXB Giao thng vn
ti, H Ni.
2. T
rn Cng Ngh (2005), Thit k tu c nh chy nhanh, NXB i hc quc gia thnh
ph H Ch Minh.
3. Trn Gia Thi (2010), Tnh ton, thit k kt cu tu thy, NXB Khoa hc v k thut.
4. T
rn Gia Thi (2004), Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k tu Autoship, Trng i
hc Nha Trang.
5. Ray Vellinga (2009), Hydrfoils, design, build, fly, Nh xut bn Gig Harbor, Wa USA.

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